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Download Book Jain Legend Jain Dharma kā Maulika Itihāsa Author Ācāryaśrī Hastī Mala Jī M.S Editors (English Version) Shugan C. Jain P. S. Surana VOLUME 4 ABRIDGED Part related to Ordinary Śrutadhara Era 1 Editorial Jain Legend is the verbatim English translation of series of four volumes Jain Dharma kā Maulika Itihāsa (abridged) in Hindi edited by Sh. Gajsingh Rathod. The original voluminous Jain Dharma kā Maulika Itihāsa was authored by venerable Ācāryaśrī Hastīmala Jī M.S., the foremost ācārya of Sthanakavasi tradition of Jain congregation. We have been extremely careful in maintaining the content of Jain Dharma kā Maulika Itihāsa (abridged) as it is without any changes / or adding comments by us so as to retain the authentic writings of Ācāryaśrī Hastīmala Jī M.S. Thus the English translation carries his scholarship and research over an extended period of over twenty years. In this English edition, we have tried to keep some of the definitive terms of Jainism as they are and give their English equivalent (as much representative as possible) on the first occurrence and also listed at the end of this note. To appreciate their understanding and pronunciation, we have used diacritical marks for legendary names of persons / texts / places and the definitive Jain terms e.g. aṃga meaning the limb or part and commonly written as anga, etc. We express my thanks to following translators and other support staff members for their contribution to bring out Jain Legend 1. Dr.(Ms.)Uma Maheshwari Translation Volume I 2. Mrs. Prasanna Kumari Translation Volume II & IV 3. Dr. Shugan C. Jain Translation Volume III 4. Mrs. Niti Jain Diacritical marks editing 5. Ms. Chanchal Jain Word Processing, Composing 6. Mr. Sushil Jana Word Processing, Composing We request you, the august reader of this series Jain Legend, to please bring out any errors (spelling and the texts) and suggestions for improvement in language and choice of words to our notice for improving the next edition of this book. Given below are the abbreviation, diacritical marks and some Jain definitive terms used in the books to enable the reader understand and enjoy the content and comprehend the same better. 2 Abbreviation: V.N. Vira Nirvana: Calendar, starting after the liberation of Lord Mahavira. M.S. Maharaja Sahib: Suffix used by Jains after the name of their preceptor / monk as a sign of respect / veneration. Diacritical marks used Ā ‘vk’ ‘a’ like in dark Ī ‘bZ’ ‘ee’ or ‘ii’ like in steel Ū ‘Å’ ‘uu’ or ‘oo’ like in school or you Ś ‘’k~’ ‘Sh’ like in Shine d ‘M~’ ‘D’ like in band Ņ ‘.k~’ ‘N’ like in hand Ṃ ‘ka vuqLokj’ Short n, nasal Ţ ‘V~’ ‘t’ like in tea Ş ‘"k~’ ‘S’ like in shut ŗ ‘_’ ‘Ri’ like in Rishi Jň ‘K~’ ‘Gy’ like in Vigyan Kş ‘{k~~’ ‘Sh’ like in kshama h ̣ ‘% folxZ’ ‘h’ Jain definitive words used frequently Ācārya Preceptor monk and leader / head of a Jain congregation / group Āgama Scripture Avasarpiņi Half time cycle in which the happiness keeps on decreasing; the other half, Utsarpini has happiness increasing Bhaţţāraka Administrator monk; Yati and Śrīpujya are other words used by Svetambara Jains. Caityavāsī Temple dweller Caitya A place / thing having venerable sign / representation, e.g. footprint, name, idol, photo, 3 Caitya A place / thing having venerable sign / representation, e.g. footprint, name, idol, photo, auspicious sign like flag etc. generally a holy emblem / place. Dwādasāṃgi Twelve limbs of the scriptures bead on Lord Mahavira’s sermons and composed by his chief disciples (Gaņadharas) Ekādaśāṃgī Eleven limbs of above accept the 12th called Dŗştīvāda (very voluminous and comprehensive). Gaņa Group. A group of monks and sub division of congregation Gaccha Sub group. Sub division of Gaņa. Kevalī Omniscient Kalyāņaka Auspicious event in the life of a ford maker (five in number namely conception, birth, renunciation / initiation, omniscience and liberation) Lokāntika deva A type of celestial beings who will attain liberation after one more birth, i.e. whose worldly existence is almost at the end Mokşa Salvation / liberation; Pure soul without any material karmas and body Nirvāņa Liberation / salvation; Attainment of bliss Pūrvas Fourteen in numbers; Canons prior to Lord Mahavira; Contained in the 12th limb as well. Śrāvaka Votary (male); Believer and practitioner of Jain ethical-spiritual code; Householder / laity are other synonyms used. Śrāvika Votary (female); Similar as votary 4 Samavaśaraņa Religious congregation / assembly of a ford maker Tīrthaṃkara Ford maker, Rejuvenator of the Jain creed 24 in present time cycle’ Mahāvīra is the 24th Tīrthaṃkara. Upādhyāya Holy teacher, Monk, teaches scriptures to fellow monks. Varşa Year /Annual P.S.Surana Shugan C. Jain, Ph.D President Director Samyakjňāna Pracāraka Maņdala International School for Jain Studies Email: [email protected] Email:[email protected] Date: January 18th 2011 (Birth centenary of Ācāryaśrī Hastimala Jī) 5 INDEX S. No Subject Page. no 1. Publisher’s Note 10 2. Graphical representation of formula for 12 conversion of years 3. Preface (The One who explores gains the 14 bounty i.e. the explorer reaps the reward) 4. Ācārya Umaņaŗşi, 48th Pontiff of Lord Mahāvīra 17 5. Political events during the time of Umaņaŗşi 17 6. Ācāryaśrī Jayasena, the 49th Pontiff of Lord 18 Mahāvīra 7. Falgumitra, the 37th epochal-ācārya 18 8. Important events during his tenure 19 9. The invasion of India by Gajanavī Sultāna 19 10. Ācārya Vijayaŗşi - 50th Pontiff of Lord 21 Mahāvīra 11. 38th Epochal-ācārya Dharmaghoşa 21 12. The King of Gaṃga Dynasty and his 21 Commander-in-Chief,Staunch propagators of Jina Order from 15th - 16th Century V.N. 13. Campaign to destroy Temple dwellers tradition 22 14. Launching of religious revolution / reform 23 15. Udyotana Sūri 25 16. Varddhamāna Sūri: (Beginning of the decay of 27 Temple dweller tradition) 17. The first act of Reform of the path of spiritual 27 purification 18. Jineśvara Sūri 38 19. Jinacandra Sūri 43 20. Abhayadeva Sūri 43 21. Droņācārya:(Temple dweller Tradition) 52 22. Political events during Ācārya Vijayaŗşi’s era 57 6 23. Recurrent fatal clouds of predicament 62 on Jain Religion in South 24. Protection given to the minority by Bukkarāya 64 25. Ācārya Devaŗşi (II), 51st Pontiff of Lord 69 Mahāvīra tradition 26. Jinavallabha Sūri: (Disciple of Abhayadeva 69 Sūri & Author of Navāṃgī Vŗttis) 27. Ācārya Jinadatta Sūri (Dādā Guru) 80 28. Parents, Caste and Birth 80 29. Rancour – Writ Large in Gaccha 89 30. Comparison with Hemacandrācārya, the 92 Omniscient in Kali Era 31. Ācārya Malayagiri, the Great Author of Vŗttis 99 32. Ācārya Abhayadeva Maladhārī 101 33. Maladhārī Ācārya Hemacandra Sūri 102 34. Paurņamīyaka gaccha 103 35. Ācāryaśrī Hemacandra Sūri 107 36. Works of Ācārya Hemacandra Sūri 124 37. 39th Epochal- ācārya and 52nd Ācārya of Lord 127 Mahāvīra tradition 38. The Political Situation during the tenure of 128 51st And 52nd Successor Pontiffs of Lord Mahāvīra, Siddharāja Jaya Siṃha, the Ruler of Gurjara Region 39. Paramārhata King Kumārapāla 133 40. Kumārapāla attains equanimity (Samyaktva) 139 41. Sin-fearing and true introspective Kumārapāla 143 42. Ajayadeva 145 43. Murder of Jain Ācārya Śrī Rāmacandra by 146 Ajaya Deva 44. Ajaya Deva prepared to kill Āmrabhaţţa 146 45. Murder of the King Ajaya Deva 147 46. Kharataragaccha 148 7 47. Śrī Jina Maheśvara Sūri 151 48. Tradition of Varddhamāna Sūri: Unified 152 opposition against Kharatara gaccha 49. Branch of Kharatara gaccha 155 50. Sub branches of Kharatara gaccha 156 51. Paţţāvalīs of Kharatara gaccha 157 52. Upakeśa gaccha 161 53. Aṃcalagaccha 166 54. Ārya Rakşita Sūri 167 55. Circumstances leading to the origin of 167 Aṃcalagaccha 56. Reformation - A very difficult task 173 57. Aṃcalagacchīyā Paţţāvalī 177 58. Aṃcalagaccha, other name Acalagaccha 179 59. Āgamikagaccha 180 60. 53rd and 54th Pontiffs of Lord Mahāvīra tradition 184 61. 40th epochal ācārya Śīlamitra 184 62. Tapā gaccha 185 63. Sectorial Divergence 187 64. 55th and 56th Pontiffs of Lord Mahāvīra tradition 197 65. 41st Epochal - ācārya Revatīmitra 197 66. A great proponent-propagator Śrāvaka 197 Jagadūśāha during the tenure of 56th Pontiff of Lord Mahāvīra tradition 67. Bada gaccha (Vŗhad gaccha) 203 68. 57th and 58th Pontiffs of Lord Mahāvīra tradition 206 69. 42nd epochal - ācārya Sumiņa Mitra 206 70. Ācārya Śivarājajī, the 59th Pontiff of Lord 207 Mahāvīra tradition 71. 43rd epochal - ācārya Śrī Harimitra 207 72. 44th epochal - ācārya Śrī Viśākha Gaņi 207 73. 60th, 61st, 62nd & 63rd Pontiffs of Lord Mahāvīra 210 tradition 8 74. Advent of Lokāśāha, the religious reformer and 212 the Sun of righteousness 75. Lokāśāha was not a Founder of new tradition - 215 But Propounder of Renaissance 76. Faith of Four-fold congregation on Non- 215 scriptural principles shattered 77. Lokāgaccha tradition- Original name Jinamatī 216 78. The life of Lokāśāha 218 79. Life of Lokāśāha (Spiritual life) 226 80. Personal and Family Life of Lokāśāha 231 81. The Life History of Lokāśāha described in 237 Potiyābandha Paţţāvalī 82. Political conditions from Vikram 1357 to 1382 238 83. Legendary Personality Ācārya Hastī Mala Jī 240 9 Publisher’s Note An Ocean in the Pot The history of Jain Religion right from the period of Lord Vŗşabhadeva- the first Tīrthaṃkara of contemporary Avasarpiņī Era to the period of Śrī Lokāśāha, the great reformer and follower of Jain doctrine i.e. up to V.N. 2000, has been described in the four volumes of this series ‘Jain legend’ (Jain dharma kā Maulika Itihāsa). These four volumes run up to 850 to 900 pages. This present fourth volume details the history from V.N 1476 to 2000. It describes elaborately the internal conflicts and rivalry among the different gacchas of Jina congregation and the horrific religious campaigns led by Liṃgāyatas against the followers of Jain religion.
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