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ABSTRACT UYSAL, ZEYNEP CIGDEM. Architectural Type as a Cultural Schema and Its Cognitive Use in Architectural Design: An Analysis of the Aga Khan Award Winning Dwellings in Turkey. (Under the direction of Kristen Schaffer). This dissertation examines the relationship between the cognitive concept of cultural schemas and the architectural concept of types, and subsequently investigates the cognitive function of types in the course of architectural design. The concept of type was investigated by previous research mostly in terms of its function in the analysis and the interpretation of architectural products. In terms of its function in the generation of architectural products however, there seems to be a need for further research. On this basis, this research focuses on the generative role of type in architectural design and examines its position in creativity from a cognitive perspective. By observing architectural types as essential attributes of culture and examining their culturally formed schematic position and cognitive function in architectural design, this study attempts to question ‘how we could conceive creativity differently if we consider culture through the use of cultural attributes such as architectural types’. Having such an attempt, it intends to find out in a broader perspective, the possibility that lie in the use of cultural information in architectural design. Examining the cultural, cognitive and creative aspects of the concept of type on this basis, the study sets out to ‘re-theorize’ its position and cognitive function in the course of architectural design in an attempt to find out its role in creative production. In order to observe, analyze and exemplify how types are creatively used in the course of architectural design, it conducts a case study on the Aga Khan Award for Architecture winning dwellings in the context of Turkey. Altogether, the dissertation develops as an interpretive theoretical inquiry that is supported by case study research, with data collection methods such as theoretical survey, archive search and field study, in an attempt to develop a cultural and cognitive theory of architecture that focuses on the cognitive function of types in architectural design. As a result of the theoretical survey on the position and cognitive function of types in architectural design and the empirical survey on the cases that demonstrates different architectural approaches, where types are creatively used in the course of design, the dissertation supports the proposition that that types have a generative value in architectural design and that the creative act can benefit from them in reaching towards noble and innovative solutions that value continuity in architecture. Through such an examination about the value of types for creative production, this dissertation attempts to contribute to the field by developing the critical perspectives about the nature of architectural design and by broadening the view on creativity in architectural design and education so as to acknowledge the value of prior knowledge and cultural information therein. © Copyright 2012 by Zeynep Cigdem Uysal All Rights Reserved Architectural Type as a Cultural Schema and Its Cognitive Use in Architectural Design: An Analysis of the Aga Khan Award Winning Dwellings in Turkey by Zeynep Cigdem Uysal A dissertation submitted to the Graduate Faculty of North Carolina State University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy Design Raleigh, North Carolina 2012 APPROVED BY: _______________________________ ______________________________ Kristen Schaffer Paul Tesar Committee Chair ________________________________ ________________________________ Meredith Davis Ronald Endicott DEDICATION This dissertation is dedicated to my husband Ozgur Urey and my parents Leyla Zumrut Uysal and Ali Riza Uysal. ii BIOGRAPHY Zeynep Cigdem Uysal was born in 1979 in Ankara, Turkey. Upon her graduation from TED Ankara College Private High School in 1997, she was admitted to Middle East Technical University, Department of Architecture in Ankara and began her architectural education in 1997. During her undergraduate years, she took interest in the history and theory of architecture and considered pursuing her academic studies further in the graduate school. Following her graduation from the university with a B.Arch degree in 2001, she enrolled in the M.Arch program in the Middle East Technical University, Department of Architecture in the same year. With a keen interest to study the theoretical and contextual factors that are considered to shape the evolution of the built environment, she attempted to gain an understanding about the cultural, social, economic and political premises lying at the basis of architectural production in her Masters education. In her master’s thesis entitled as “Architectural Interpretations of Modernity and Cultural Identity: A Comparative Study on Sedad Hakki Eldem and Bruno Taut in Early Republican Turkey”, she has tried to observe the decisive influence of the cultural polarity of the Turkish context and the resulting search of a proper ‘cultural identity’ on the architectural production of the Early Republican Turkey. She attempted to demonstrate the critical and practical strategies that were devised in the architecture of the time, by examining the architectural attitudes of two prominent professionals, namely Sedad Hakki Eldem and Bruno Taut. During her studies in the M.Arch program, she participated into two research projects in the Middle East Technical University, Department of Architecture, which were led respectively by the Kerkenes Project Team and TAÇDAM (Center for Research and Assessment of the Historic Environment). Both of the projects were on the archeological assessment of the historic environment and they were conducted in a joint program supported by the Architecture Department. Through participating in these projects she had the chance of experiencing the development of academic research and participating within a collaborative teamwork towards the development of a project. iii Following her graduation from the masters program with a M.Arch degree in 2004, she enrolled in the PhD program again in the Middle East Technical University, Department of Architecture in the same year and simultaneously started to work as an architect in several architectural and constructional firms in Ankara. In 2005 she decided to attend North Carolina State University, College of Design to pursue a doctoral degree in design in the USA. Working as a Research Assistant under the guidance of Dr. Kristen Schaffer there, she started to explore the cognitive functions of the cultural information in architectural design. During her studies in her third year, she has also worked part-time in the Research and Extension Unit of the College of Design, to help with the development of research about the commissioned projects to the unit. Developing her research area later as to include the architectural types, she has presented her research in 2008, respectively at the 3 rd Annual NC State Graduate Research Symposium in Raleigh and the Sixth International Conference on New Directions in the Humanities in Istanbul. Zeynep has graduated with her doctoral degree in design in May 2012. iv ACKNOWLEDGMENTS This dissertation would not have been possible without the help and support of many people. I firstly wish to thank to my advisor Prof. Kristen Schaffer for her support, understanding and guidance throughout my studies and I would like to express my deepest gratitude, sincere and earnest thankfulness to Prof. Paul Tesar, for his invaluable assistance, wisdom and guidance throughout the realization of this dissertation, which provided me the inspiration and strength I needed the most to pursue this work with courage. I also wish to express my sincere thankfulness to the members of my supervisory committee, Prof. Meredith Davis, for her valuable support, intellectual guidance and mind opening ideas, which provided me the formative inspiration in the development of this dissertation; and Prof. Ronald Endicott, for his support, understanding and intellectual assistance, which offered me the opportunity to develop my research further. I also would like to thank to all the staff and personnel in the municipalities I visited for my case study, who earnestly provided me the necessary documents I needed in a devoted manner. To my husband Ozgur Urey, I wish to express my earnest gratitude, sincere and deepest thankfulness for his invaluable support, guidance and understanding all these years. His faith and encouragement was in the end what made this dissertation possible. To all my family and friends, I offer my sincere thankfulness. I especially would like to thank to my parents, Leyla Zumrut Uysal and Ali Riza Uysal, for their continuous faith, loyal support and lasting patience to endure with me the hardships of my endeavors; to my sister Elif Uysal Biyikoglu, my brother in law Bulent Biyikoglu and my dear nephews Yunus and Aslan Biyikoglu, for comforting me and cheering me up even in my most dispirited times; to my mother and father in law Nilgun and Ilyas Urey, for heartening and encouraging me all these times; to my sister and brother in law Elif and Ali Kilic, for raising my spirits and sharing the good times with joy; and to my friend, Guzden Varinlioglu, for always being there when I needed the most, Ali Haydar Alptekin, for understanding all the struggle and giving me the most sincere and helpful of advices,
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