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Algunos Hongos Gasteroides Epigeos Interesantes De Catamarca (Argentina) Some Interesting Epigeous Gasteroid Fungi from Catamarca (Argentina)

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Algunos Hongos Gasteroides Epigeos Interesantes De Catamarca (Argentina) Some Interesting Epigeous Gasteroid Fungi from Catamarca (Argentina) 154Lilloa 54 (2): 154–169, 7 M.de M.diciembre Dios et deal. :2017 Algunos hongos gasteroidespigeos interesantes de Catamarca154 Algunos hongos gasteroides epigeos interesantes de Catamarca (Argentina) Some Interesting Epigeous Gasteroid Fungi from Catamarca (Argentina) Dios, María M.1*; Gabriel Moreno2; Juan C. Zamora3; Alberto Altés2 1 Laboratorio de Diversidad Vegetal I CEBIOD. Depto. de Biología. FACEN. Universidad Nacional de Ca- tamarca, Argentina. 2 Depto. de Ciencias de la Vida (Botánica), Universidad de Alcalá, Apdo. 20, E-28805 Alcalá de Hena- res, Madrid. España. 3 Museum of Evolution, Uppsala University, Norbyvägen 16, SE-752 36 Uppsala, Sweden * Autor corresponsal: [email protected] ä Resumen — Dios, María M.; Gabriel Moreno; Juan C. Zamora; Alberto Altés. 2017. “Algunos hongos gasteroides epigeos interesantes de Catamarca (Argentina)”. Lilloa 54 (2). Se describen diez taxones (nueve especies, una con dos variedades) de hongos gasteroides de la provincia de Catamarca, que son: Apioperdon pyriforme, Calvatia fragilis, Geastrum dissimile, G. floriforme, G. papinuttii, G. parvisporum, G. saccatum var. saccatum, G. saccatum var. parvulum, G. striatum y Lysurus periphragmoides. Todos ellos constituyen nuevas citas para la provincia. Geastrum dissimile es una nueva cita para la micobiota de Argentina. Se aportan planchas macro y microscópicas de las colecciones, incluyendo fotografias de la ornamentación esporal al MEB. Palabras clave: Agaricomycetes, Basidiomycota, corología, taxonomía. ä Abstract — Dios, María M.; Gabriel Moreno; Juan C. Zamora; Alberto Altés. 2017. “Some interesting epigeous gasteroid fungi from Catamarca (Argentina)”. Lilloa 54 (2). Ten taxa (nine species one with two varieties) of gasteroid fungi from Catamarca are described: Apioperdon pyriforme, Calvatia fragilis, Geastrum dissimile, G. floriforme, G. papinuttii, G. parvisporum, G. saccatum var. saccatum, G. saccatum var. parvulum, G. striatum and Ly- surus periphragmoides. All of them are new records for this province. Geastrum dissimile is a new record for Argentina. Macro- and microphotographs of these collections are apported, including some observations of spores under SEM. Keywords: Agaricomycetes, Basidiomycota, chorology, taxonomy. INTRODUCCIÓN tetraspóricos, basidiósporas ortotrópicas y de Los hongos gasteroides constituyen tipo estatimospóricas. Son saprótrofos o mi- un grupo muy heterogéneo y polifilético corrícicos, excepcionalmente parásitos. Son que se encuentra comprendido dentro del frecuentes en zonas áridas y semiáridas con subphylum Agaricomycotina, clase Agari- mucha exposición solar, y también en áreas comycetes (Hibbet et al., 2007). Se carac- templadas y tropicales. terizan por presentar una gleba de consis- El conocimiento sistemático de la mico- tencia pulverulenta o mucilaginosa, a veces biota de Argentina comienza a fines del si- formando peridiolos, donde se desarrollan glo XIX y primer cuarto del siglo XX, con los las esporas. Presentan basidiomas angiocár- trabajos pioneros de Carlos Spegazzini. En picos y un peridio que puede tener una o sus publicaciones, describe numerosos hon- más capas, basidios sin tabicar, generalmente gos gasteroides (Spegazzini, 1880a, 1880b, 1880c, 1881, 1887a, 1887b, 1887c, 1896, 1898, 1899, 1902, 1906, 1909, 1912, 1919, Recibido: 04/10/17 – Aceptado: 20/11/17 1922a, 1922b, 1923, 1927) de regiones tan Lilloa 54 (2): 154–169, 7 de diciembre de 2017 155 diversas como la Patagonia [Disciseda pam- en base a los materiales recolectados. peana (Speg.) Speg.; Battarrea patagonica Para su estudio al microscopio óptico Speg.; Bovista antarctica Speg.], el centro (MO) se han realizado preparaciones en del país (Battarrea guachiparum Speg.; Bo- agua, floxina y rojo Congo amoniacal. Las vista elegans Speg.; Lycoperdon argentinum medidas esporales incluyen la ornamenta- Speg.) y el norte (Gyrophragmium argenti- ción. Los estudios de la ornamentación es- num Speg.; Nidularia bonaerensis Speg.). poral al microscopio electrónico de barrido Posteriormente, otros muchos micólogos (MEB) fueron realizados según lo indican han contribuido al conocimiento de este gru- Moreno et al. (1995). po de hongos en Argentina: Fries (1909), El material estudiado se encuentra de- Molfino (1929), Long (1948), Wright (1949a, positado en la colección personal de María 1949b, 1987, 1989), Martínez (1956, 1971), Martha Dios (M.M. Dios), actualmente ubi- Wright y Gamundi (1973), Homrich y Wright cada en la cátedra de Diversidad Vegetal I (1973, 1988), Domínguez de Toledo (1985, del departamento de Biología de la Facultad 1989, 1993, 1995, 1996), Wright y Suárez de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales de la Uni- (1990), Nouhra y Domínguez de Toledo versidad Nacional de Catamarca, Argenti- (1992, 1998), Suárez y Wright (1994, 1996), na. Se conservan algunos duplicados en AH Domínguez de Toledo y Castellano (1997), (Universidad de Alcalá, España) y en BAFC Diehl (2000), Wright y Albertó (2006), Wrig- (Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, ht et al. (2008), Kuhar y Papinutti (2009), Universidad de Buenos Aires). Hernández-Caffot et al. (2011, 2013, 2014), Kuhar et al. (2012a, 2012b) y Zamora et al. IDENTIFICACIÓN Y DESCRIPCIÓN (2014a, 2014b, 2014c, 2015). DE ESPECÍMENES Todas las citas de los hongos gasteroides Apioperdon pyriforme (Schaeff.) epigeos de Argentina fueron recopiladas re- Vizzini & Ercole, Phytotaxa 299 (1): cientemente por Moreno y Dios (2014). 77–86. 2017. Las primeras citas del grupo de los hon- º Lycoperdon pyriforme Schaeff., gos gasteroides para la provincia de Cata- Fung. Bavar. Palat. nasc. (Ratisbonae) marca se deben a Spegazzini (1912), quien, 4: 128 (1774). además, propuso diversos taxones nuevos Fig. 1 A-F para la ciencia, como son: Broomeia congre- gata var. argentinensis Speg., Geastrum glau- Basidiomas piriformes, con largos y abun- cescens Speg., Montagnites argentina Speg., dantes cordones miceliares blancos. Exope- Tulostoma argentinense Speg. y T. patagoni- ridio castaño amarillento en la madurez, cum Speg. compuesto por pequeñas espinas o gránulos Este grupo de hongos está siendo estu- frágiles. Gleba castaño amarillenta y subgle- diado desde hace dos décadas por los auto- ba blanquecina. Esporas de 3–4(–5) µm res de esta aportación dando lugar a varias diám., globosas, lisas al MO, pero al MEB se publicaciones (Dios et al., 2000, 2001, 2002, observan ornamentadas por pequeñas verru- 2004, 2011; Moreno y Dios, 2014). gas laxas. Capilicio de color castaño oscuro, El objetivo de este trabajo es aportar formado por hifas cilíndricas y ramificadas, nuevas citas de hongos gasteroides para la muy largas, frecuentemente de 3 µm diám., provincia de Catamarca (Argentina). de pared gruesa (hasta 1 µm). MATERIALES Y MÉTODOS Material estudiado.— ARGENTINA. Prov. Se han realizado muestreos estaciona- Catamarca, Dpto. Ancasti, en madera muer- les en diversas ecorregiones de la provincia ta con musgos, VII-2008 (M.M. Dios 697); de Catamarca (Perea et al., 2007; Cabrera, Dpto. Paclín, Cuesta del Totoral, en made- 1971). Las descripciones fueron realizadas ra muerta con musgos, XI-2008 (M.M. Dios 156 M. M. Dios et al.: Algunos hongos gasteroidespigeos interesantes de Catamarca Fig. 1. Apioperdon pyriforme. A) Basidiomas gregarios sobre madera. B) Basidiomas piriformes con abundantes cordones miceliares blancos. C) Gleba y subgleba. D-F. Esporas al MEB. (M.M. Dios 503). Escalas: A = 5 cm, B, C = 1 cm, D-F = 1 µm. 503); ibid., XI- 2009 (M.M. Dios 692); ibid., de Lycoperdon, sobre la base de caracteres Arroyo Laureles, 7-V-1998 (M.M. Dios 694); morfológicos y moleculares, fue ya señalada ibid., VI-1999 (M.M. Dios 507); ibid., 10- por Krüger y Kreisel (2003), quienes situaron VI-1999 (M.M. Dios 698); ibid., 9-VI-2000 a esta especie en un subgénero propio den- (M.M. Dios 501); ibid., X-2000 (M.M. Dios tro de Morganella (M. subgen. Apioperdon). 508); ibid., 15-XI-2000 (M.M. Dios 696); Larsson y Jeppson (2008) consideran a Lyco- ibid., 14-VII-2007 (M.M. Dios 695); ibid., XI- perdon como un gran género, resultado de 2010 (M.M. Dios 693); ibid., La Merced, en la suma de otros como Bovistella, Handkea, la zona de los túneles, en madera, VII-2008 Morganella, Vascellum, Bovista pro parte y (M.M. Dios 505). Calvatia pro parte, ubicando a esta especie en Lycoperdon subgen. Apioperdon. Reciente- Especie frecuente y gregaria en las yun- mente, Vizzini y Ercole (2017) han tratado gas catamarqueñas, los basidiomas se desa- este subgénero como género independiente, rrollan sobre madera muerta en lugares som- opinión que compartimos y seguimos en este bríos (Fig. 1A). Esta especie parece presentar trabajo. una distribución mundial, de acuerdo con los Este taxón ha sido citado previamente en estudios recientes que utilizan datos molecu- Argentina solo en Córdoba (Hernandez-Ca- lares (Krüger et al., 2001; Krüger y Kreisel, ffot et al., 2013) y Misiones (Wright et al., 2003; Vizzini y Ercole, 2017). Su separación 2008). Lilloa 54 (2): 154–169, 7 de diciembre de 2017 157 Calvatia fragilis (Vittad.) cia por el mayor tamaño de sus basidiomas Morgan, J. Cincinnati Soc. Nat. Hist. 12 (3,5–9,5 x 3,7–14 cm), subgleba bien desa- (4): 168–169. 1890. rrollada, con celdillas, y esporas globosas de º Lycoperdon fragile Vittad., Mem. Reale 5–7 µm de diám., densamente ornamentadas Accad. Sci. Torino 5: 180. 1842. con espinas de 0,8–1,4 µm de longitud. Fig. 2 A-E Material estudiado.— ARGENTINA. Prov. Calvatia fragilis se caracteriza por sus ba- Catamarca, Dpto. Belén, La Puntilla, cerca sidiomas de 2–8 x 1,5–4 cm, gleba con tonos del rio Belén, 29-I-2007 (M.M. Dios 702); violáceos, subgleba compacta ausente o muy Dpto. Capayán, camino a Chañaritos, con reducida, esporas globosas, amarillentas, de Cercidium australe I.M. Johnst. «brea», so- 5–6,5 µm de diám., con espinas laxas de bre un hormiguero, 2-III-1994, gregario 0,5–1 µm de longitud. Al MEB se observan (M.M. Dios 36); Dpto. Valle Viejo, Sumalao, numerosos y pequeños poros en el capilicio, I.N.T.A., a orillas de un camino bordeado y espinas de ápice irregular en las esporas, por Grevillea robusta A. Cunn. ex R. Br., en unidas en la base por finas líneas que for- mantillo, 23-II-2001 (M.M.
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