DOCSLIB.ORG

Lycoperdon by Excluding Species Op

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text

Load more

PERSOONIA Published by the Rijksherbarium, Leiden Volume Part 7, 2, pp. 151-154, (1973) Definition and typification of the genus Lycoperdon Tourn. per Pers. (Gasteromycetes) V. Demoulin Département de Botanique de l'Université de Liège, Belgium An of the of the variations in delimitation of the account history genus is and the of is It is Lycoperdon presented typification the genus discussed. that in of nomenclature pointed out application art. 43 of the Code of no between Myxomycete has been validly published as Lycoperdon 1753 and 1801. The introduced Tournefort and the genus Lycoperdon was by (1700 : 563) name used the refer the less was during eighteenth century to to more or globose fungi of with a pulverulent content.This concept allowed the inclusion most Gasteromy- cetes and also of Myxomycetes, Pyrenomycetes, Tuberales, Elaphomycetales, Ure- dinales for find Linnaeus As the as one may example by (1753: 1183-1185). long as be genus is considered to belong to the Gasteromycetes its valid publication is to found in Persoon's Persoon's is rather Synopsis Fungorum (1801 : 140). diagnosis “Peridium demum verrucis elliptic: caulescens, apice ruptum, squamulosis, aut spinulosis obsitum. (Pulvis semimalis viridis)” However the enumeration of included L. L. L. L. L. species (L. giganteum, bovista, pratense, utriforme, mammaeforme, excipuli- forme, L. perlatum, L. candidum, L. echinatum, L. umbrinum, L. quercinum, L. pyriforme, L. shows the wider than the in gossypinum) a concept of genus somewhat one current but that still retained in the use very natural, including only Gasteromycetes are same family Lycoperdaceae. Some conservative authors still used the in radically genus Lycoperdon a very wide the first of the nineteenth Some of them like sense during quarter century. described Persoon in Sclero- Poiret (1808) even recombined in Lycoperdon species by derma or Geastrum. For example Poiret (1808 : 588) combined Scleroderma spadiceum Schaeff. trans Pers. in the with the unfortunate that it genus Lycoperdon consequence turned So this classical Lycoperdon spadiceum Pers. (1809 : 20) into a later homonym. be the but little used L. lividum Pers. name must replaced by contemporary (1809:18). With the Friesian era however Persoon's concept of the genus was definitively admitted and restrict it further. Rostkovius a tendency appeared even to (1839) was the first to emend Lycoperdon by excluding species whose opening is irregular after the of and not through a pore. This conception was generally accepted paper who in Fries's little noticed Morgan (1890), brought common use (1849 : 442) genus * Charge de Recherches au Fonds National Beige de la Recherche Scientifique. 151 151 Persoonia Vol. Part 152 7, 2, 1973 Calvatia. This is to be conserved of Rostkovius & genus against Langermannia (Stafleu al., 1972 : 254); though the type species are widely different, the genus Langermannia is frequently used by authors subdividing Calvatia (cf. Kreisel, 1962). Quelet (1873) abandoned previous genera Lycoperdon and Bovista and created instead Utraria and Globaria, two fully superfluous names that would have had no had Globaria been Schroeter and Fisher consequences not adopted by (1889) (1900) in an emended sense to refer to species with a poorly developed subgleba but without the Bovista The exclusion of those from taken type capillitium. species Lycoperdon was the up again by Kreisel (1964, 1967) who treated them as subgenus Globaria of Bovista. The name Globaria cannot be used at the generic rank for either is it attributed to Quelet and illegitimate because it is superfluous (Art. 63) or it is attributed to Schroeter and then illegitimate because it is homonymous (Art. 64). However as a subgenus of Bovista it can certainly be used but its paternity must then be given to Kreisel (Art. 72, note). Lloyd (1906) made an attempt to exclude from Lycoperdon all species with pedi- but he followed. cellate spores, was never The latest emendation of Lycoperdon comes from the exclusion of species devoid Smarda of capillitium with the creation of the genera Vascellum by (1958) and Morganella by Kreisel & Dring (1967). The actual of the be considered the Kreisel concept genus can one developed by in his study of Lycoperdaceae culminating in his monograph of Bovista of 1967. According to that concept Lycoperdon should contain species with an endoperidium with and opening by a pore, having a subgleba large cells, a pseudocolumella a capillitium, the latter not of the Bovista type. So defined the genus is fairly homo- the few like geneous and, with exception of a species L. rimulatum Peck, whose capil- from litium does not exactly fit the usual type, easy to separate neighbouring taxa. However the borderline between as Malengon (1969) already noted, by transferring Lycoperdon and Bovista this conception makes the genus Bovista less homogeneous. also consider that the character used Bovista from Personally I subgleba to separate is of little taxonomic the character of of Lycoperdon weight. Similarly breaking up the of does in endoperidium, diagnostic Calvatia, not appear to me a good one a natural classification. I believe that an analysis of Lycoperdaceae based on characters and into the world flora would lead various taking account us to signif- icant of It is then that would have remodelling our generic concept. probable we to follow Smith (1968) and use again larger genera. For the present, however, I consider that of offer the best framework for Kreisel's conceptions genera possible and I think that after all those studying Lycoperdaceae only genera are adequately monographed can their limits be discussed again. Typification of the genus considered the Lycoperdon perlatum Pers. per Pers. is currently type of the genus in Lycoperdon. This tradition seems to go back to Cunningham (1942) or some way DEMOULIN: Typification of Lycoperdon 153 to Clements & Shear (1931) who cite the devalidated synonym L. gemmatum Batsch. This should be choice of typification accepted following Art. 8 (first a lectotype), Recommendation 7 B (preservation ofcurrent use) and Guide for the determination of types § 4 C (respect of segregations). is admit A possible reason to oppose the designation of L. perlatum as type to that since the genus Lycoperdon included Myxomycetes for eighteenth century authors, it was validly published by Linnaeus in 1753 since this is the starting point for the nomenclature of Myxomycetes (Art. 13) and so that it must be typified according to Linnaeus' conceptions. This hypothesis is self destructive. Linnaeus' diagnosis published in the Genera ed. Art. Note follows: Plantarum, 5 : 493. 1754 (cf. 13, 1) runs as 1082. Mich. Vaill. B.P. XVI: Bovi Dill. Lycoperdon. *Tournef. 331. 97. 4-10. sta Lycoperdoides Mich. Mich. Geaster Mich 98. Lycoperdastrum 99. Mich. 100. Carpobolus 101. Fungus subrotundus, Seminibus farinaceus impalpabilibus repletus, ab apice dehiscens. of This is course vague but the reference to Tournefort is explicit and is only made Plate which Genera cited to 33 1 only represents Gasteromycetes. as synonyms are also Gasteromycetes. As a matter of fact it seems that to pre-linnean authors, the scientific for and that Lycoperdon is name puff-balls Myxomycetes, mainly Lycogala epidendrum, are only accessorily added. Linnaeus was probably the first to enlarge the his farinam fatiscentia." It does considerably genus with section "Parasitica in he intented this section essential for the definitionof the not appear to treat as genus. Fries summarises well this situation (1829 : 28): "Genus Lycoperdon (h.e. Crepitus Lupi Patrum) constituit Tournefort, optime limitavit Michelidein latissime fluctuans, Persoon." praesente angusto, nimis fere angusto, constrixit If the genus Lycoperdon ofLinnaeus is to be typified it seems that following already mentioned Guide for the determination of well principles (Rec. 7 B, types) as the attention should the ofTournefort as according to one obviously give to concepts and other authors to whom Linnaeus refers, the type must be L. bovista L. This the whole species practically encompasses family Lycoperdaceae. Consequently the is of and cannot have been genus Lycoperdon a genus Gasteromycetes validly published before Persoon. An unnoticed of this is that in apparently consequence Myxomycetes published the genus Lycoperdon between 1753 and 1801 are not validly published (Art. 43). leave it of work the nomenclatural I to specialists Myxomycetes to out consequences of this which affect least listed in Martin & at some twenty names Alexopoulos (!9 69)- LITERATURE CITED E. & L. The of York. CLEMENTS, F. C. SHEAR, (1931). genera fungi. New CUNNINGHAM, G. H. (1944). The Gasteromycetes of Australia and New Zealand. Dunedin. E. In Nat. PflFam. FISCHER, (1900). Lycoperdineae. 1(1**): 313-324. PERSOONIA Vol. Part 154 7. 2, 1973 FRIES, E. (1829). Systema mycologicum 3(1). Gryphiswaldae. —— (1849). Summa Vegetabilium Scandinaviae. Sectio posterior. Holmiae & Lipsiae. KREISEI,, H. (1962). Die Lycoperdaceae der Deutschen Demokratischen Republik. Floris- tische taxonomische In und Revision. Reprium Spec. nov. Regni veg. 64: 89-201. -—-— Ubersicht der Dill, (1964). Vorlaufige Gattung Bovista ex Pers. In Reprium Spec. nov. Regni veg. 69: 196-211. (1967). Taxonomisch-pflanzengeographische Monographie der Gattung Bovista. In Beih. Nova Hedwigia 25. H. & D. M. DRING An emendation of the Zeller KREISEL, (1967). genus Morganella (Lycoper- In daceae). Reprium Spec. nov. Regni veg. 74: 109-122. LINNAEUS, C. (1753). Species Plantarum. Holmiae. C. G. The Genus Bovistella. Writ. LLOYD, (1906). Mycol. 2: 277-287. MALENQON, G. (1969). Analysis of "H. Kreisel, Taxonomisch-pflanzengeographische Mono- der Bull. Soc. Maroc. graphic Gattung Bovista.” In Sei. nat. phys. 48: 175-177. MARTIN, G. W. & C. J. ALEXOPOULOS, (196g). The Myxomycètes. Iowa City. A. P. North American Third The Order II. MORGAN, (1890). Fungi. paper. Gastromycetes. In Cincinn. Hist. Lycoperdaceae (continued). J. Soc. nat. 12: 163-172. PERSOON, C. H. (1801). Synopsis methodica Fungorum. Gottingae. (1809). Mémoire sur les Vesse-Loups ou Lycoperdon. In T. Bot., Paris (ed. Morot) 2: I & 5-3 1", Pi- II. POIRET, J. (1808) in DE LA MARCK, J., Encyclopédie méthodique.
Recommended publications
  • Gasteroid Mycobiota (Agaricales, Geastrales, And

    Gasteroid Mycobiota (Agaricales, Geastrales, And

    Gasteroid mycobiota ( Agaricales , Geastrales , and Phallales ) from Espinal forests in Argentina 1,* 2 MARÍA L. HERNÁNDEZ CAFFOT , XIMENA A. BROIERO , MARÍA E. 2 2 3 FERNÁNDEZ , LEDA SILVERA RUIZ , ESTEBAN M. CRESPO , EDUARDO R. 1 NOUHRA 1 Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biología Vegetal, CONICET–Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, CC 495, CP 5000, Córdoba, Argentina. 2 Facultad de Ciencias Exactas Físicas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, CP 5000, Córdoba, Argentina. 3 Cátedra de Diversidad Vegetal I, Facultad de Química, Bioquímica y Farmacia., Universidad Nacional de San Luis, CP 5700 San Luis, Argentina. CORRESPONDENCE TO : [email protected] *CURRENT ADDRESS : Centro de Investigaciones y Transferencia de Jujuy (CIT-JUJUY), CONICET- Universidad Nacional de Jujuy, CP 4600, San Salvador de Jujuy, Jujuy, Argentina. ABSTRACT — Sampling and analysis of gasteroid agaricomycete species ( Phallomycetidae and Agaricomycetidae ) associated with relicts of native Espinal forests in the southeast region of Córdoba, Argentina, have identified twenty-nine species in fourteen genera: Bovista (4), Calvatia (2), Cyathus (1), Disciseda (4), Geastrum (7), Itajahya (1), Lycoperdon (2), Lysurus (2), Morganella (1), Mycenastrum (1), Myriostoma (1), Sphaerobolus (1), Tulostoma (1), and Vascellum (1). The gasteroid species from the sampled Espinal forests showed an overall similarity with those recorded from neighboring phytogeographic regions; however, a new species of Lysurus was found and is briefly described, and Bovista coprophila is a new record for Argentina. KEY WORDS — Agaricomycetidae , fungal distribution, native woodlands, Phallomycetidae . Introduction The Espinal Phytogeographic Province is a transitional ecosystem between the Pampeana, the Chaqueña, and the Monte Phytogeographic Provinces in Argentina (Cabrera 1971). The Espinal forests, mainly dominated by Prosopis L.
  • Toxic Fungi of Western North America

    Toxic Fungi of Western North America

    Toxic Fungi of Western North America by Thomas J. Duffy, MD Published by MykoWeb (www.mykoweb.com) March, 2008 (Web) August, 2008 (PDF) 2 Toxic Fungi of Western North America Copyright © 2008 by Thomas J. Duffy & Michael G. Wood Toxic Fungi of Western North America 3 Contents Introductory Material ........................................................................................... 7 Dedication ............................................................................................................... 7 Preface .................................................................................................................... 7 Acknowledgements ................................................................................................. 7 An Introduction to Mushrooms & Mushroom Poisoning .............................. 9 Introduction and collection of specimens .............................................................. 9 General overview of mushroom poisonings ......................................................... 10 Ecology and general anatomy of fungi ................................................................ 11 Description and habitat of Amanita phalloides and Amanita ocreata .............. 14 History of Amanita ocreata and Amanita phalloides in the West ..................... 18 The classical history of Amanita phalloides and related species ....................... 20 Mushroom poisoning case registry ...................................................................... 21 “Look-Alike” mushrooms .....................................................................................
  • 2 the Numbers Behind Mushroom Biodiversity

    2 the Numbers Behind Mushroom Biodiversity

    15 2 The Numbers Behind Mushroom Biodiversity Anabela Martins Polytechnic Institute of Bragança, School of Agriculture (IPB-ESA), Portugal 2.1 ­Origin and Diversity of Fungi Fungi are difficult to preserve and fossilize and due to the poor preservation of most fungal structures, it has been difficult to interpret the fossil record of fungi. Hyphae, the vegetative bodies of fungi, bear few distinctive morphological characteristicss, and organisms as diverse as cyanobacteria, eukaryotic algal groups, and oomycetes can easily be mistaken for them (Taylor & Taylor 1993). Fossils provide minimum ages for divergences and genetic lineages can be much older than even the oldest fossil representative found. According to Berbee and Taylor (2010), molecular clocks (conversion of molecular changes into geological time) calibrated by fossils are the only available tools to estimate timing of evolutionary events in fossil‐poor groups, such as fungi. The arbuscular mycorrhizal symbiotic fungi from the division Glomeromycota, gen- erally accepted as the phylogenetic sister clade to the Ascomycota and Basidiomycota, have left the most ancient fossils in the Rhynie Chert of Aberdeenshire in the north of Scotland (400 million years old). The Glomeromycota and several other fungi have been found associated with the preserved tissues of early vascular plants (Taylor et al. 2004a). Fossil spores from these shallow marine sediments from the Ordovician that closely resemble Glomeromycota spores and finely branched hyphae arbuscules within plant cells were clearly preserved in cells of stems of a 400 Ma primitive land plant, Aglaophyton, from Rhynie chert 455–460 Ma in age (Redecker et al. 2000; Remy et al. 1994) and from roots from the Triassic (250–199 Ma) (Berbee & Taylor 2010; Stubblefield et al.
  • Arizona Gasteroid Fungi I: Lycoperdaceae (Agaricales, Basidiomycota)

    Arizona Gasteroid Fungi I: Lycoperdaceae (Agaricales, Basidiomycota)

    Fungal Diversity Arizona gasteroid fungi I: Lycoperdaceae (Agaricales, Basidiomycota) Bates, S.T.1*, Roberson, R.W.1 and Desjardin, D.E.2 1School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85287, USA 2Department of Biology, San Francisco State University, 1600 Holloway Ave., San Francisco, California 94132, USA Bates, S.T., Roberson, R.W. and Desjardin, D.E. (2009). Arizona gasteroid fungi I: Lycoperdaceae (Agaricales, Basidiomycota). Fungal Diversity 37: 153-207. Twenty-eight species in the family Lycoperdaceae, commonly called ‘puffballs’, are reported from Arizona, USA. In addition to widely distributed species, understudied species (e.g., Calvatia cf. leiospora and Holocotylon brandegeeanum) are treated. Taxonomic descriptions and illustrations, which include microscopic characters, are given for each species, and a dichotomous key is presented to facilitate identification. Basidiospore morphology was also examined ultrastructurally using scanning electron microscopy, and phylogenetic analyses were carried out on nrRNA gene sequences (ITS1, ITS2, and 5.8S) from 42 species within (or closely allied to) the Lycoperdaceae. Key words: Agaricales, euagarics, fungal taxonomy, gasteroid fungi, gasteromycete, Lycoperdaceae, puffballs. Article Information Received 22 August 2008 Accepted 25 November 2008 Published online 1 August 2009 *Corresponding author: Scott T. Bates; e-mail: [email protected] Introduction Agaricales, Boletales, and Russulales. Accordingly, a vigorous debate concerning the Lycoperdaceae Chevall.
  • Josiana Adelaide Vaz

    Josiana Adelaide Vaz

    Josiana Adelaide Vaz STUDY OF ANTIOXIDANT, ANTIPROLIFERATIVE AND APOPTOSIS-INDUCING PROPERTIES OF WILD MUSHROOMS FROM THE NORTHEAST OF PORTUGAL. ESTUDO DE PROPRIEDADES ANTIOXIDANTES, ANTIPROLIFERATIVAS E INDUTORAS DE APOPTOSE DE COGUMELOS SILVESTRES DO NORDESTE DE PORTUGAL. Tese do 3º Ciclo de Estudos Conducente ao Grau de Doutoramento em Ciências Farmacêuticas–Bioquímica, apresentada à Faculdade de Farmácia da Universidade do Porto. Orientadora: Isabel Cristina Fernandes Rodrigues Ferreira (Professora Adjunta c/ Agregação do Instituto Politécnico de Bragança) Co- Orientadoras: Maria Helena Vasconcelos Meehan (Professora Auxiliar da Faculdade de Farmácia da Universidade do Porto) Anabela Rodrigues Lourenço Martins (Professora Adjunta do Instituto Politécnico de Bragança) July, 2012 ACCORDING TO CURRENT LEGISLATION, ANY COPYING, PUBLICATION, OR USE OF THIS THESIS OR PARTS THEREOF SHALL NOT BE ALLOWED WITHOUT WRITTEN PERMISSION. ii FACULDADE DE FARMÁCIA DA UNIVERSIDADE DO PORTO STUDY OF ANTIOXIDANT, ANTIPROLIFERATIVE AND APOPTOSIS-INDUCING PROPERTIES OF WILD MUSHROOMS FROM THE NORTHEAST OF PORTUGAL. Josiana Adelaide Vaz iii The candidate performed the experimental work with a doctoral fellowship (SFRH/BD/43653/2008) supported by the Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology (FCT), which also participated with grants to attend international meetings and for the graphical execution of this thesis. The Faculty of Pharmacy of the University of Porto (FFUP) (Portugal), Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology (IPATIMUP) (Portugal), Mountain Research Center (CIMO) (Portugal) and Center of Medicinal Chemistry- University of Porto (CEQUIMED-UP) provided the facilities and/or logistical supports. This work was also supported by the research project PTDC/AGR- ALI/110062/2009, financed by FCT and COMPETE/QREN/EU. Cover – photos kindly supplied by Juan Antonio Sanchez Rodríguez.
  • <I>Disciseda Bovista</I>

    <I>Disciseda Bovista</I>

    ISSN (print) 0093-4666 © 2010. Mycotaxon, Ltd. ISSN (online) 2154-8889 MYCOTAXON doi: 10.5248/113.129 Volume 113, pp. 129–136 July–September 2010 Disciseda bovista, recently collected from northern Italy, and Lycoperdon defossum, a synonym of D. candida Alfredo Vizzini* & Luigi Panno [email protected] Dipartimento di Biologia Vegetale - Università degli Studi di Torino Viale Mattioli 25, I-10125, Torino, Italy Abstract — The rare Disciseda bovista is described from northern Italy (Piedmont) based upon a recent collection. This is the second documented collection of the species from Italy, and the first in recent times. The study of Vittadini’s original material labelled as Lycoperdon defossum, a taxon considered by many authors as a synonym of D. bovista, reveals that it should be ascribed to D. candida and, as such, represents the first record of the species from Italy. Key words — Agaricales, Lycoperdaceae, Catastoma, red lists, taxonomy Introduction Disciseda Czern. (= Catastoma Morgan) is a genus belonging to the gasteroid lineage of the Agaricaceae Chevall. s.l. (Bates et al. 2009, Gube 2009), where it forms the Disciseda-clade (Larsson & Jeppson 2008), which is basal to the rest of the taxa formerly placed within the Lycoperdaceae Chevall. The genus has a worldwide distribution, but all the species are restricted to xeric habitats. In the latest edition of the Dictionary of the Fungi (Kirk et al. 2008), fifteen Disciseda species are recognized. The genus is characterized by semi-hypogeous basidiomes with a loose mycelial connection, and a peculiar type of dehiscence (e.g. Mattirolo 1934, Ahmad 1950, Mitchel et al.
  • Family Latin Name Notes Agaricaceae Agaricus Californicus Possible; No

    Family Latin Name Notes Agaricaceae Agaricus Californicus Possible; No

    This Provisional List of Terrestrial Fungi of Big Creek Reserve is taken is taken from : (GH) Hoffman, Gretchen 1983 "A Preliminary Survey of the Species of Fungi of the Landels-Hill Big Creek Reserve", unpublished manuscript Environmental Field Program, University of California, Santa Cruz Santa Cruz note that this preliminary list is incomplete, nomenclature has not been checked or updated, and there may have been errors in identification. Many species' identifications are based on one specimen only, and should be considered provisional and subject to further verification. family latin name notes Agaricaceae Agaricus californicus possible; no specimens collected Agaricaceae Agaricus campestris a specimen in grassland soils Agaricaceae Agaricus hondensis possible; no spcimens collected Agaricaceae Agaricus silvicola group several in disturbed grassland soils Agaricaceae Agaricus subrufescens one specimen in oak woodland roadcut soil Agaricaceae Agaricus subrutilescens Two specimenns in pine-manzanita woodland Agaricaceae Agaricus arvensis or crocodillinus One specimen in grassland soil Agaricaceae Agaricus sp. (cupreobrunues?) One specimen in grassland soil Agaricaceae Agaricus sp. (meleagris?) Three specimens in tanoak duff of pine-manzanita woodland Agaricaceae Agaricus spp. Other species in soiils of woodland and grassland Amanitaceae Amanita calyptrata calyptroderma One specimen in mycorrhizal association with live oak in live oak woodland Amanitaceae Amanita chlorinosa Two specimens in mixed hardwood forest soils Amanitaceae Amanita fulva One specimen in soil of pine-manzanita woodland Amanitaceae Amanita gemmata One specimen in soil of mixed hardwood forest Amanitaceae Amanita pantherina One specimen in humus under Monterey Pine Amanitaceae Amanita vaginata One specimen in humus of mixed hardwood forest Amanitaceae Amanita velosa Two specimens in mycorrhizal association with live oak in oak woodland area Bolbitiaceae Agrocybe sp.
  • The Typification of Lycoperdon Described By

    The Typification of Lycoperdon Described By

    ZOBODAT - www.zobodat.at Zoologisch-Botanische Datenbank/Zoological-Botanical Database Digitale Literatur/Digital Literature Zeitschrift/Journal: Sydowia Beihefte Jahr/Year: 1977 Band/Volume: 8 Autor(en)/Author(s): Demoulin Vincent Artikel/Article: The Typification of Lycoperdon described by Peck and Morgan 139-151 The Typification of Lycoperdon described by P e c k and M o r g a n By Vincent Demoulin Department of Botany, University of Liège, Sart Tilman, B-4000 Liège, Belgium Summary. The typification of Lycoperdon species described by Morgan and Peck is reviewed and several lectotypes or neotypes are designated. The new combinations Lycoperdon molle P ers . per P ers . var. stellare (Peck ) Demoulin , Bovista aestivalis (Bonorden ) Demoulin , Bovista dryina (Morg .) Demoulin , Lycoperdon ericaeum B onorden var. subareolatum (Kreisel ) Demoulin and Lycoperdon foetidum B onorden var. peckii (Morg .) Demoulin are introduced. Résumé. La typification des Lycoperdon décrits par Morgan et Peck est examinée et plusieurs lectotypes ou néotypes sont désignés. Les nouvelles combinaisons Lycoperdon molle P ers . per P ers . var. stellare (PeCk ) Demoulin , Bovista aestivalis (Bonorden ) Demoulin , Bovista dryina (Morg .) Demoulin , Lycoperdon ericaeum B onorden var. subareolatum (Kreisel ) Demoulin and Lycoperdon foetidum B onorden var. peckii (Morg .) Demoulin sont introduits. In the study of North American Gasteromycetes, Morgan and Peck play an important part with their pioneering work and the large number of new taxa they described. The typification of those taxa was much needed and given the cooperation in which they worked a joint study was advisable. Observations are performed after a short boiling in lactophenol cotton blue for spores and capillitium and chloral hydrate for spherocysts.
  • Some Spiritualistic Uses of Mushrooms

    Some Spiritualistic Uses of Mushrooms

    Some Spiritualistic Uses of Mushrooms Michael S. Nicholson Oxnard College, Department of Biology, Oxnard, CA 93033 Ethnomycology is the study of the use of fungi by humans, and it is a very broad subject that, according to Schultes and von Reis (1995), includes investigations into how fungi may have influenced “the development of cultures, religions, and mythology.” Within the framework of ethnomycology, we can address the various rea- sons that mushrooms receive attention, including their edibility, toxicity, and their potential for use as hallucinogens. Mushrooms can be indicators of ecological importance, as well, of course; and they offer both the amateur and the experienced the thrill of the hunt as different forms are encountered in different places and times throughout the year. Though many more reasons can easily be described, an often overlooked aspect that stirs interest in mushrooms is their ephemeral nature and the links that they may have with the spiritual world. This brief paper summarizes some of the work by Blanchette, Burk, Compton, and others, and provides a review of some of the spiritualistic aspects of mush- rooms, maintaining a primary focus on select Pacific Northwest species that produce carpophores with macroscopic features. In- cluded among the fungi noted in this paper are the plant patho- gen Exobasidium vaccinii (Fuckel) Woronin, the brown rot Fomitopsis Fungus Man and Raven: Fungus Man (with paddle) guides Raven (with officinalis (Vill.:Fr) Bondartsev & Singer, and the puffballs Abstoma spear) in a canoe past spiritual barriers. Drawing adapted from illustrations reticulatum G. Cunn, Astraeus hygrometricus (Pers.) Morgan, Bovista of a plate carved by Charles Edenshaw (plate housed in the Field Museum dakotensis (Brenckle) Kreisel, B.
  • Complete References List

    Complete References List

    Aanen, D. K. & T. W. Kuyper (1999). Intercompatibility tests in the Hebeloma crustuliniforme complex in northwestern Europe. Mycologia 91: 783-795. Aanen, D. K., T. W. Kuyper, T. Boekhout & R. F. Hoekstra (2000). Phylogenetic relationships in the genus Hebeloma based on ITS1 and 2 sequences, with special emphasis on the Hebeloma crustuliniforme complex. Mycologia 92: 269-281. Aanen, D. K. & T. W. Kuyper (2004). A comparison of the application of a biological and phenetic species concept in the Hebeloma crustuliniforme complex within a phylogenetic framework. Persoonia 18: 285-316. Abbott, S. O. & Currah, R. S. (1997). The Helvellaceae: Systematic revision and occurrence in northern and northwestern North America. Mycotaxon 62: 1-125. Abesha, E., G. Caetano-Anollés & K. Høiland (2003). Population genetics and spatial structure of the fairy ring fungus Marasmius oreades in a Norwegian sand dune ecosystem. Mycologia 95: 1021-1031. Abraham, S. P. & A. R. Loeblich III (1995). Gymnopilus palmicola a lignicolous Basidiomycete, growing on the adventitious roots of the palm sabal palmetto in Texas. Principes 39: 84-88. Abrar, S., S. Swapna & M. Krishnappa (2012). Development and morphology of Lysurus cruciatus--an addition to the Indian mycobiota. Mycotaxon 122: 217-282. Accioly, T., R. H. S. F. Cruz, N. M. Assis, N. K. Ishikawa, K. Hosaka, M. P. Martín & I. G. Baseia (2018). Amazonian bird's nest fungi (Basidiomycota): Current knowledge and novelties on Cyathus species. Mycoscience 59: 331-342. Acharya, K., P. Pradhan, N. Chakraborty, A. K. Dutta, S. Saha, S. Sarkar & S. Giri (2010). Two species of Lysurus Fr.: addition to the macrofungi of West Bengal.
  • The Genus Calvatia (Mycetae, Lycoperdaceae)

    The Genus Calvatia (Mycetae, Lycoperdaceae)

    African Journal of Biotechnology Vol. 8 (22), pp. 6007-6015, 16 November, 2009 Available online at http://www.academicjournals.org/AJB DOI: 10.5897/AJB09.360 ISSN 1684–5315 © 2009 Academic Journals Review The genus Calvatia (‘Gasteromycetes’, Lycoperdaceae): A review of its ethnomycology and biotechnological potential Johannes C. Coetzee1* and Abraham E. van Wyk2 1Department of Horticultural Sciences, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, P.O. Box 1906, Bellville, 7535 Republic of South Africa. 2H.G.W.J. Schweickerdt Herbarium, Department of Plant Science, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, 0002 Republic of South Africa. Accepted 8 May, 2009 Several members of the fungal puffball genus Calvatia Fr. have found widespread use amongst various cultures world-wide, especially as sources of food and/or traditional medicine. Hitherto the biotechnological potential of only a handful of Calvatia species, namely C. cyathiformis, C. craniiformis, C. excipuliformis, C. gigantea and C. utriformis has been investigated. However, despite promising results, information regarding the biotechnological potential of the rest of the genus, in particular the African species, is still completely lacking. In the hope that it might stimulate interest and further research on this topic, the current paper provides a brief overview of the literature pertaining to the importance of Calvatia to man in terms of its pathogenicity, its ecology and role as bioindicator, its food and nutritional value and also its potential as biotechnological tool in the pharmaceutical and other industries. Key words: Biotechnology, Calvatia, ethnomycology, gasteromycetes, Handkea, Langermannia, Lycoperdaceae, pathogenicity. INTRODUCTION Calvatia Fr. (Basidiomycetes, Lycoperdaceae) is a cos- complex (Coetzee, 2006) has resulted in a considerably mopolitan gasteromycetous genus of about 35-45 improved understanding of the infrageneric classifica- species of mostly medium- to large-sized epigeous tion and nomenclature of the group.
  • Scientometrics of Global Scientific Production About Ethnomycology

    Scientometrics of Global Scientific Production About Ethnomycology

    Revista Etnobiología. Vol 18, Num. 3. Diciembre 2020. pp: 3-23 ISSNe 2448-8151; ISSN 1665-2703 Fecha de recepción: 29-abril-2020 Fecha de aceptación: 14-agosto-2020 SCIENTOMETRICS OF GLOBAL SCIENTIFIC PRODUCTION ABOUT ETHNOMYCOLOGY Elida Lucia da Cunha1, Lucas Leonardo-Silva1, Lorena Dall’Ara Guimarães2, Solange Xavier-Santos1* 1 Universidade Estadual de Goiás, Campus Central. Programa de Pós-Graduação em Recursos Naturais do Cerrado. Laboratório de Micologia Básica, Aplicada e Divulgação Científica - FungiLab. Br 153, Nº 3105, CEP 75132-400, Caixa Postal 459, Fazenda Barreiro do Meio-Campus Henrique Santillo-Anápolis, Goiás, Brazil. 2 Universidade Federal de Goiás. Instituto de Ciências Humanas e Letras. Campus Samambaia. Laboratório de Etnobiologia, Núcleo Takinahaky de Formação Superior Indígena. CEP 74001-970, Caixa Postal 131, Goiânia, Brazil. *Correo: [email protected] ABSTRACT Ethnomycology is a branch of ethnoknowledge that describes the interaction between fungi and traditional communities over time. This study presents a scientometric analysis of global scientific production about Ethnomycology, based on a survey of articles indexed in Web of Science Core Collection database, between 1991 and 2019. The temporal distribution of the 173 articles obtained, showed a significant increase in over the years, indicating a growing interest in Ethnomycology by the scientific community. The most frequent journals were Journal of Ethnobiology and Ethnomedicine (18%) and Economic Botany (12%), and the principal authors were Luczaj, L (1.7%), Garibay-Orijel, R (1.5%), Estrada-Torres, A and Pieroni, A (both with 1.3%). The most studied locations involve indigenous communities and are in Mexico (22%), followed by India (9%) and China (7%), and over half of the institutions where the research was conducted were also Mexican.