ARMENIAN CLAIMS: №3 ( Ismayil HAJIYEV, Academician, ANAS Nakhchivan FICTION and HISTORY Division Chairman

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27) ARMENIAN CLAIMS: №3 ( Ismayil HAJIYEV, Academician, ANAS Nakhchivan FICTION AND HISTORY Division Chairman

Through centuries, Armenians have been trying to occupy graphical investigations show that Nakhchivan land historically Azerbaijan's inseparable part Nakhchivan, which they see as the was inseparable component part, inseparable territory of part of the so-called "Great Armenia". For this aim, they created Azerbaijan (5). Historical sources, archaeological materials false history, tried to prove the territory's being Armenian lands; prove that major tribal unions, which appeared on Nakhchivan Armenians providing "superiority" in national content of the popu- territory in IV-II millennia B.C., played important role in lation, and still go on following this policy. As a result of the poli- Azerbaijani people's ethnogeny. The local monuments of Stone cy recently there has been published "Armenian Nakhchivan or and Iran ages, nearly two thousand different portrayals on the misrepresented Nakhchivan" book after Armenian writer Avo rocks in Gamigaya, color utensils culture being peculiar for their Katerchian in one of Internet sites belonging to United Arabic mastership, traces of high ancient urban culture prove the fact of Emirates - "Azad-Hay" Internet portal of near East Armenians. It the territory's being ancient Turkic land, one of the primary cra- issues from the book that here the "writer-researcher" falsified facts dles of civilization (6). The ancient inhabitants of Nakhchivan on Nakhchivan history, represented Nakhchivan as Armenian terri- were, first of all, such Turkic tribal unions as Kasbi, Kadusi and tory, Armenianized names of ancient Azerbaijani settlements, Nakhch. "Nakhchivan" word is connected with the name of brought geographical names in distorted form to the readers' notice. Nakhch tribe (7). Beginning from the early A.D. Bulgar, Hun, Always claiming Azerbaijani territories, this time Pechenek, Kangar and Khazar tribes had been settling Armenians show interest for Nakhchivan. Armenian extremists Nakhchivan territory. Dozens branches and divisions of the who occupied Upper Garabagh ('Nagorno-Karabakh') territory of tribes settled in this province. Bakdilli, Khalaj, Yayjy and other Azerbaijan and the surrounding seven districts, destroyed nearly tribes of Saljug Oghuzs also left their vestige on Nakhchivan 500 local historical, architectural and cultural monuments, now land. Among Turkic tribes Ustajly, Didivarly, Qyzylly, claim for Nakhchivan, alleging destroying of the Armenian Emirkhanly, Arafsali, Hajyly, Kejili, Kalfirli, Kolanly, gravestones. Thus they cover up their wild actions, trying to Qarakhanbayli, Qarkhunlu, Alikhanlu, Mughanly and dozens of divert the world community from their key target. There were no others were native people of the province, and there are still set- ancient Armenian cemeteries in Nakhchivan, as they had migrat- tlements on Nakhchivan Autonomous Republic territory, which ed to Nakhchivan through the last centuries. All historical, are bound up with names of the above-listed tribes. All the fore- archaeological, architectural and religious monuments on the ter- going once more proves that since the olden times Nakhchivan ritory of Nakhchivan Autonomous Republic are preserved by the territory had been resided by Turkic tribes. At no stage of histo- Government. It is not accidental that on December 6, 2005 ry in Nakhchivan there was any place name related to Nakhchivan AR Supreme Council Chairman issued special Armenians, neither it's present now. decree "About Organization of Activities for Preserving of the For long centuries Nakhchivan territory by turns had been Historical and Cultural Monuments in Nakhchivan AR". On the making part of Manna, Midia, Ahamani Empire, Atropathene, other hand, Armenians were not the local residents of Caucasus, Parfia, Sasanis etc. states and ranked with the most developed neither present Armenia - West Azerbaijan, Nakhchivan (1). provinces of the states. Even when Nakhchivan was part of dif- Even Armenian scholar B.Ishkhanyan wrote about this in 1913: ferent major states it went on providing inseparable component "The true homeland of Armenians - ancient historical Great part of Azerbaijan. Armenia, is in Minor Asia, i.e. beyond Russia, and Armenians And when Armenians came to themselves, their Armenian have settled in different parts of Caucasus territory just through State disappeared from historical arena in IV century; Armenia the last centuries" (2). In fact, they not autochthonic population was divided between Iran and Byzantia in 387. In 428 Iranian- of Minor Asia itself. "Aryans being ancestors of Armenians had Armenian Kingdom was abolished (8). migrated to Minor Asia from Thrakia as far back as within II-I Since that time up to May 1918 Armenian State, millennia B.C." (3). Armenian national statehood had been absent. Surely Samuel A.Weems wrote, "For more than three thousand Nakhchivan wasn't and even couldn't be part of non-existent years Armenians hadn't had their national land, and now they Armenian State. True, through 1080-1375 there had been Cilicia began laying claim to "historical, national territories" from Armenian Kingdom (9). However, Nakhchivan had nothing to 32 sweepings of history" (4). do with this Kingdom, which made part of Turkey territory. According to Armenian authors, in Noah times, in the In different historical periods Armenians migrated to early A.D. Nakhchivan belonged to Armenia. The opinions, like South Caucasus, including Azerbaijan, and inflow of Armenians' these, haven't any scientific ground and are inventions of certain part proceeded under Arabic Caliphate. Armenian "scholars". Results of archaeological, historical-geo- In 654 Nakhchivan was seized by Arabic emir Habib

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ibn-Maslama and annexed to I Emirate of Caliphate (10). three families in number, building of small churches for them, Nakhchivan city called by Arabian authors as "Nashava" was thus there is imposed opinion about allegedly ancient residence , 2007 directly included to Azerbaijan, and Nakhchivan in Kars province of this tribe in Kaf to favour dangerous aftereffects for our future 27) - to III emirate. Armenian "researchers" deliberately identify them; generations. On the territory under review there didn't remain relate historical events in Kars Nakhchivan to Azerbaijani any of our villages where three strange families light wouldn't №3 ( Nakhchivan, because this met their crafty intentions and interests. have burnt. Hayk girls being carried away by dishonest behavior Armenian authors, assuming as a basis "Mahammad ibn-Mayvan, do their best to be stitched to dashing Turkic youngsters … marry having captivated in 150 (Gregorian calendar - I.H.; 702-703) dukes Oghuzs, in other words, become joint owners of our possessions, and brought them to Nakhchivan, locked 800 of them in a church commit crimes called in politics as quiet aggression. The mixed and alive set them fire" (11) opinion, also use the fact for their goals marriages frighten me, my Shah. Empower me to send partly and point out it's being Azerbaijani Nakhchivan. Through research- totally fifteen thousand people among the newcomers as season- es after I.Orbeli (12) and Z.Bunyadov (13) there was proved that al workers out of the country. Your servant Ravankhan" (16). "the temple where Mahammad ibn-Marvan set fire to Armenian Under Safavis' State, (1501-1736) Nakhchivan was mainly dukes is Nakhchivan towns town situating in Kagyzman district of part of the State, sometimes occupied by the Ottomans. Being part Kars province (Turkey)". We should also point out that in of Azerbaijani Safavi State right of governing Nakhchivan country Azerbaijani Nakhchivan there weren't discovered and aren't ruins of was given to the heads of Tabriz baylarbayate, and being part of either churches, or other Armenian Christian edifices. Chukhursad province - to Kangarli tribe that was a branch of Most medieval sources show Nakhchivan's being Turkic Qyzylbash tribe - Ustajly. Kangarli tribe heads being ruling Azerbaijani city: Opinions like "Seizure of Nakhchivan, one of the territory until 1920ies. Nakhchivan had been hereditary gover- Azerbaijani cities, by Abu-Muslum"(X century, Arabic historian nors of Nakhchivan was residence of Qyzylbash Ustajly tribe. Al-Kufi), "Nakhchivan-Azerbaijani city" (XII-XIII centuries, Ottoman Empire, which brought troops to South Caucasus in Yagut AL-Hamavi), "Shamsaddin Eldaniz - ruler of Nakhchivan the spring of 1723, seized Nakhchivan in September 1724, and then city and Nakhchivan province" (XII-XIII centuries, Mkhitar Ordubad town. Nakhchivan lands had been governed by Ottoman Gosh), "Nakhchivan city belongs to Azerbaijan, it's large and the Turkey until 1735. According to Ottoman administrative - territori- population numerous, its located on height and is rather strong" al divison, Nakhchivan was known as "Nakhchivan sanjak". From (XIII century, "Unusual things of the world" work), "Nakhchivan "Detailed book of Nakhchivan sanjak" compiled in the period under population consists of Muslims and is a beautiful city of review (1727) it issues that the sanjak included 14 subdistricts: Azerbaijan" (XIII-XIV centuries, Hamdullah Qazvini), Nakhchivan city, Nakhchivan, Alinja, Sair Mavazi, Darashahbuz, "Qarabaghlar is a rich settlement. All inhabitants of the province Mulki-Arslan, Mavaziyi-Khatun, Qarabagh, Qyshlaghat, (50 thousand people-I.H.) are Muslims. Armenians and Romans Darasham, Azadjiran, Shorlut, Daranurgut and Daralayaz (17). don't reside in the province" (XVII century, Evliya Chalabi) are of Having occupuied Zor, Zabil and Sharur subdistricts, the Ottomans this kind. Another undeniable fact is that after Arabic conquest for consolidated them with Iravan province. Nakhchivan sanjak includ- long centuries Nakhchivan has been part of different Moslem ed 315 settlements. Among them were the present Nakhchivan AR states-Saljuks, Azerbaijani Atabeks, Qaragoyunlus, Aghgoyunlus, territory, Yekhegnadzor district half Jermuk district, most part of Safavis etc. which alternated each others in Azerbaijan. Sisyan district, several populated areas of Zangezur (Megri) district Some Armenian authors try to prove that Iravan province (all the districts make part of the present Armenia). Nakhchivan ter- belongs to Armenia. In fact, Armenians are strange element of ritory, having been component part of Azerbaijani states through country being presently called as Armenia. "Review book for thousand years, in the late XVI century (1588-1603) and the early Iravan province" (14) contain neat facts about this. It issues from XVIII century (1724-1735) was part of Ottoman Empire, and here the "Book" that in 1590 Iravan and Nakhchivan districts. The lat- was applied Ottoman governing system (18). ter included 15 subdistricts Aghjagala, Navaziyi-Khatun, Mulki- In 1735, Nakhchivan, like other territories of Azerbaijan, Arslanly, Qarabagh, Darasham, Darashahbuz, Bazarchayi, was passed to Nadir Afshar's power. In 1736 Nadir declared him- Sharur, Zor, Zabil, Alinja, Azadjiran, Ordubad, Shorlut, self as shah and after this consolidated all territories of Daranurgut (15). Azerbaijan in single Azerbaijan province. In 1747 after Nadir Letter written by Ravankhan addressed to Shah Ismayil Empire's decay Nakhchivan factically became independent State Khatai about Armenians migrating to Iravan province - (West - Khanate. Kangarli tribe's head Heydargulu-khan declared him- Azerbaijan) in the early XVI century fully proves the aforesaid: self independent governor of Nakhchivan territory. "… Lately according to my observations, one part of the Nakhchivan khanate's territory was much vaster than the population i.e. from Baynannahreyn up to the Van Lake banks, present one; it covered most part of Daralayaz and Zangazur Armenians who came to our lands, instead of earning their liveli- lands, Alinja, Aylis, Ballav, Dasta, Khok, Ordubad districts, hood through small trade, masonry and carpentry, launched dis- Nakhchivan and Ordubad towns. Nakhchivan khanate existed placement bustles on the lands subject to me, became plunged in until occupation by Russian Empire in 1828. After Nakhchivan's extensive sedentary life claims. All-Armenian Catholicos annexation to the latter, shah's regime here was abolished. 34 Gregory II now sitting in Aghkilsa (Echmiadzin) village compli- On March 21, 1828 by decree of tsar Nicolas I on the former cated our ruling through his subversive activities. At the expense territory of Iravan and Nakhchivan khanates the so-called of Armenian religious centre's capital the Catholicos finances Armenian province was established. The decree run as below: sedentary settling of his compatriots beyond Turkic villages, two- "Pursuant to treaty concluded with Iran, we order to name henceforth

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Iravan and Nakhchivan khanates, annexed from Iran to Russia, as As a result, after concluding Turkmanchay and Edirne treaties №3 ( Armenian province and include it to our title. The Supreme Senate 119,5 thousand Armenians settled in North Azerbaijan and their 27) in due time will enjoy necessary instructions about the province's migrations went on in consequent period (24). , 2007 structure and respective governing methods" (19). In 1830 to Nakhchivan and Ordubad there were evicted Armenian province that included also Nakhchivan territo- 2511 Armenian families (12555 people). And in 1828 just 810 ry was to be governed from Iravan by Russian general. However local Armenian families resided here. Number of Armenian fam- Ehsankhan Kangarli had been ruling the territory as ilies had already achieved 3321 people (25). According to mate- Nakhchivan's vicegerent until 1840. In April 1840 Russian tsar rials of the first All-Russian census, in 1897 Nakhchivan and issued law about administrative reforms in Transcaucasus. Sharur-Daralayaz districts were inhabited by 55398 Armenians Following to this law, which had come into effect since January and 115711 Azerbaijanis. As it's seen, despite massed evictions 1, 1841, commandant regime was abolished and replaced for all- of Armenians to Nakhchivan by tsar government Azerbaijanis Russian administrative system. Nakhchivan district established again two times exceeded Armenians in Nakhchivan. in conformity with the law was included to Georgian-Imeretian Using the situation of early XX century, Armenians inflict- province together with Ordubad district, area of Nakhchivan, ed reprisals against Nakhchivan Azerbaijanis, trying to banish Daralayaz, Culfa, Shahbuz and other territories. them from here and thus, take possession of the territory. Just like In accordance with geopolitical purposes of Tsarist Russia in other regions of Azerbaijan, through 1905-1907, 1918-1920 in Nakhchivan district was consolidated to Iravan province in west Nakhchivan there also committed genocide acts against the local Azerbaijan in 1849. However, despite this even within Iravan Azerbaijani residents. Namely in result of this, during 1918-1920 province, Nakhchivan enjoyed independent governing status. Nakhchivan population had sharply decreased at 38 percent. Sharur-Daralayaz territory and Ordubad area made part of In result of Armenia's attempts to consolidate Nakhchivan Sharur-Daralayaz district, most residents of which were forcedly with the former during 1918-1920 in the province there Azerbaijanis, within newly established Iravan province. Iravan, had been prevailing rather tense military-political situation and in Nakhchivan, Goycha district, Sharur-Daralayaz, Novo-Bayazet this view absolute majority of Armenians had to leave Nakhchivan. territories were also part of Iravan province. The forcedness resulted from the atrocities made by Armenians. As The so-called Armenian province numbered 752 villages, a result, Armenians had been totaling 12 per cent of Nakhchivan from which 521 were part of Iravan province, 179 - Nakhchivan population by 1921. Banishing of Armenians from the province province, 52 - Ordubad district (20). Together with destroyed, was caused, in the first turn, by Armenian Government. ruined villages, Armenian province totaled 111 villages. 81749 In 1923, the first prime minister of Armenia O.Kachaznuni Muslims and just 25131 Armenians lived here (21). And in naming Nakhchivan and Sharur as "Moslem Nakhchivan and Nakhchivan in 1828, including Ordubad, 4959 families there: 4149 Sharur" wrote: "In Moslem districts through administrative mea- Azerbaijani families (83,6%) and 810 Armenian ones (16,4%). sures we failed to establish order, having to use weapon, bring After the establishment of the "Armenian province" troops, and make destructions and bloodshed. However, we mis- B.H.Behbudov (Armenian by nationality) headed it. Through the carried. In such key districts as Vedibasar, Sharur, Nakhchivan period of holding this post (1830-1838), he had made much for we failed to establish our government even by weapon, sustained settling Armenians, improving their financial position, repre- defeat and drew off" (26). senting at executive power bodies. As a result, on the occupied Through 1918-1921, using foreign states' help Armenian territories both Armenians' number rose and they took posses- Government had been laying claim to Nakhchivan. However, the sion of key fields at governmental bodies. local population rejected the claim. The plan of Armenians to They overstate Armenians' providing majority on this ter- occupy Nakhchivan forcibly, by military way failed, too. ritory in territorial claims of Armenians against Nakhchivan and The referendum was held in Nakhchivan in early 1921. this time don't rest upon any historical source, tell anyhow and More than 90% of the population voted for remaining anywhat. R.Yenghibaryan, K.Mikaelyan, Z.Balayan etc. Nakhchivan within Azerbaijan in the status of autonomous Armenian authors went too far in this matter. republic (27). The first data of Nakhchivan population content are given A treaty was concluded between Russia and Turkey in by A.Griboyedov in letter written by him on September 23, 1828 Moscow on March 16th, 1921. The Moscow Treaty confirmed to General Paskevich. It issues from here that until Turkmanchay already existent territorial status of Nakhchivan and envisioned Treaty Nakhchivan province had been populated by 404 attaching of autonomy to Nakhchivan under Azerbaijan's protec- Armenian families (16,4%) (22). According to I.Shopen (23), torate (28). Respective terms were still consolidated by Kars Treaty 14,4% of the population, and due to B.Griboyedov 16,4% was concluded on October 13, 1921 between Turkey, Azerbaijan, totaled by Armenians. Georgia and Armenia with partaking of Russian representative. After being annexed to Russia, population of Nakhchivan Nakhchivan frontiers and future status were flatly determined (29). underwent fundamental changes both in quantitative and ethnical The treaty was concluded without terms and played impor- terms. This resulted from tsar's policy of Christianizing; to be tant role in the destiny of Nakhchivan. Through concluding the exact Armenianizing Azerbaijani occupied territories. Kars Treaty, Armenian representatives pledged themselves not 35 Armenians' inflow to South Caucasus, including Azerbaijan, was to violate the treaty articles and thus articles connected with multiphase process, had been continuing for many centuries, and State territory status of Nakhchivan. However, consequently their massed migrations proceeded in XIX-early XX centuries. Armenia not only fulfilled the undertaken commitment, but also IrsN3_2007.qxd 21.06.2007 17:43 Page 36

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tried to abolish the treaty. Having broken it, Armenian to Moisey Khorensky). SPb, 1877, p. 36-38 (in Rus.); Government took possession on Nakhchivan Autonomous Mammadov R. Historical essay of Nakhchivan city. Baku, 1977, , 2007 Republic's 9 villages (Khachik, Horadiz, Qurdgulag (Sharur), p.28 (in Azeri). 27) Oghbin, Sultanbay, Aghkhach, Almaly, Itgyran (Shahbuz) and 8. Kocharli T. Nagshi-cahan Nakhchivan. Baku, 1998, p.262 (in Azeri). №3 ( Kahchevan (Ordubad)) which covered the area of 657 sq.km, being pursuant to Transcaucasian Central Executive Committee's 9. Ibid. decision dated February 18, 1929 (30). 10. Bunyadov Z. Azerbaijan through VII-IX centuries. Not contenting themselves, just like through the whole XX Baku, 1965, p. 82 (in Azeri); Historical geography of century Armenians and Armenian State, not giving up their Azerbaijan. Baku, 1987, p.56. crafty plans even today, when opportunity offered laid claims for 11. Kirokos G. History. Baku, 1946, p. 40 (in Rus); Nakhchivan and demanded annulling Moscow and Kars treaties. Kalankaytukly M.Albania history. Baku, 1990, p.193 (in Azeri). Territorial claims of Armenia continued in further periods and 12. Orbeli I. Inscriptions about building church in today they don't give up these slovenly intentions. Nakhchivan. p. 430-433 (in Russ). In 1987 in the USA was founded "Annex Nakhchivan to 13. Bunyadov Z. About one historical misunder - stand- Armenia" Organization, in 1999 in Iravan - "Nakhchivan broth- ing.Azerb. SSR AS Reports, N2, 1977, p. 67-69 (in Rus); His ers" Society, "Nakhchivan Armenians National Council", differ- again. What Nakhchivan? "Ulduz" journal, N6, 1988, p. 61-63 (in ent printing organs issue false, scientifically ungrounded, far Azeri). from objectivity articles on Nakhchivan. Thus, Armenians try to 14. Review book of Iravan province (translation to Azeri). form fictional opinion about Nakhchivan. Baku, 1996. In addition, in the early 1990ies Armenians began open mil- 15. Ibid (the authors of researches, translation, notes and itary aggression against Nakhchivan Autonomous Republic terri- supplements are Z.Bunyadov, H.Mammadov). Baku, 1996, p.9. tory, but, having been adequately repulsed, were put in their place. 16. "Yeddi gun" ("Seven days") newspaper, December 19, Armenian claims for Nakhchivan must be adequately 1992 (in Azeri). repulsed, their groundlessness, artificiality - proved by historical 17. Detailed book of Nakhchivan sanjak. Baku, 1997, p. 6- facts. We must preserve territorial integrity of Azerbaijan not 7 (in Azeri). only for our present, but also future generations. 18. Ibid, 2001, p.5 19. Aliyev F., Aliyev M. Nakhcivan khanate. Baku, 1996, LITERATURE: p 48 (in Azeri). 20. Collection of acts for the review of Azerbaijani people 1. Look. Verdiyeva Kh., Huseynzade R. "Geneology" of history. Vol. I, Moscow, 1833, p. 178-179 (in Rus.). Armenians and their migrations to Caucsaus from Balkans. 21. Arzumanly V., Mustafa N. Black pages of history. Baku, 2003 (in Rus.) Deportation. Genoside. Refugees. Baku, 1998, p. 181-189 (in 2. Ishkhanyan B. Nationalities of Caucasus. Saint- Azeri). Petersburg, 1916, p.44 (in Rus.) 22. Mammadov I. Our history, land, fortune. Baku, 2003, 3. People of Caucasus. Vol. II, Moscow, 11962, p.443 (in p. 39 (in Azeri). Rus.) 23. Shopen I. Historical monument for the situation of 4. Samuel A. Weems. Armenia - secrets of terrorist Armenian province in the period of its annexation to Russan "Christian" country. Armenians' big frauds series. Vol. I Empire. SPb. 1852, p. 509-510 (in Rus.). (Translated from English to Azeri), Baku, 2004, p.246. 24. The First general census of Russian Empire, Baku 5. Habibullayev O. Eneolith and bronze on Nakhchivan province. p. 52-53. ASSR territory. Baku, 1982 (in Russ); Aliyev V. Color utensils 25. Gregoryev B. Statistical description of Nakhchivan culture in Azerbaijan dating back to the Bronze Age. Baku, 1977 province. SPb, 1833, p. 125-127 (in Rus). (in Azeri); His again. Nakhchivan - historical land of Azerbaijan. 26. Nakhchivan history pages ("Nakhchvan in foreign Baku, 2002 (in Azeri); Budagova Q. Toponyms of Nakhchivan sources" International Symposium proceedings). Baku, 1996, Autonomous Republic. Baku, 1987 (in Rus.); Meshadikhanym p. 35. Neymat. Corps of epigraphic monuments in Azerbaijan. Vol. III. 27. Central State Archives of Nakhchivan Autonomous Arabic - Persian-Turkic inscriptions of Nakhchivan Autonomous Republic, f. 1, list 3, dos. 13, sh. 79; Musayev I. Political situa- Republic (XII-early XX centuries). - Baku, 2001 (in Rus.); tion in Nakhchivan and Zangazur provinces of Azerbaijan and Piriyev V. Pages from Nakhchivan history. Baku, 2004 (in policy of foreign states (1917-1921), Baku, 1996, p.302 (in Azeri); Valikhanly N. Nakhchivan-from Arabs up to Mobgols. Azeri). Baku, 2005 (in Azeri) 28. Documents of the USSR foreign policy. Vol. III, 6. "Nakhcihvan" International Analytic-Information Moscow, 1959, p. 598-599 (in Rus.). Journal. March (01) 2004, p.42. 29. Ibid, vol. IV, Moscow, 1959, p.342; Ismail Soysal. 36 7. Gan K. Experience of explaining Caucasian geograph- Political acts of Turkey. Vol. I (1920-1945). Ankara, 1989, p. 41- ical names. SMOMPK. Issue 40, Tiflis, 1909, p. 110 (in Rus.); 47 (in Turkish). Dirr A. Modern names of Caucasian tribes. SMOMPK. Issue 40, 30. Nakhchivan Autonomous Republic. Baku, 2003, p. 68 Tiflis, 1909, p.9; Armenian geography of VII century (ascribed (in Eng.).

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