[For Ofticial Use Only] CENSUS OF INDIA 1961 VOLUME XllI PUNJAB PART VIII-A ADMINISTRATION REPORT (ENUMERATION) R.L. ANAND Superintendent of Census Operations and Enumeration Commissioner, Punjab THE CENSUS PUBIJICATIONS The 1961 Census Report on Punjab will bear,Volume No XIII, and will be printed in the following parts:- Part IA General Report, including Subsidiary Tables. Part IB Report on Vital Statistics of the Decade (including reprints from previous Census Reports). Part IIA General Population Tables. Part lIB Economic Tables in two books. Part IIC Cultural and Migration Tables. Part III Household Economic Tables. Part IV Report on Housing and Establishments in two books. Part V Report and Tables on Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes in two books. Part VI Village Survey Monographs: 44 in number, each relating to an individual village, and printed separately. Part VII Report on Handicrafts. Part VIllA Administration Report (up to the stage of Enumeration). Part VIIIB Administration Report (Tabulation). Part IX Socia-Economic Atlas. Part X Report and Tables on Fairs and Festivals. Besides, there will be 19 District Census Handbooks, one for each District. PRINTED IN INDIA BY THE ASSTT. MANAGER (TECH.), GOVT. OF INDIA PRESS, NILOKHERI, 1964. PREFACE Census is so hugc an operation that it may aptly bc described as a campaign. Within a pres- cribed period, thousands of honorary workers have to be enlisted, trained, and put on the job. Maps showing up-to-date boundaries of the State, Districts, Tahsils, Towns and Villages, have to be prepared and suitable blocks have to be carved out for Enumeration. Questionnaires, forms, circulars and instruc­ tions have to be printed by the millions, and despatched expeditiously to the remotest corners so as to reach each Enumerator in time. The public has to be educated and prepared emotionally to give full co-operation. In this extensive and all-embracing work the Superintendent of Census Operations plays a vital part. Besides, census is a non-continuous operation, taken once in ten years and there are few officers who work in more than one census. It is, therefore, in the fitness of things that he leaves for the benefit of his successor a record of the administrative details connected with the census, the difficulties faced at different stages and the manner they were overcome, his follies which need not be repeated, and his sugges­ tions for improvements at the next census. This report covers the work up to the stage of enumeration and announcement of the provisional totals. It is proposed to follow up this report with another, portraying the work of tabulation, and writing and printing of reports. I take this opportunity to express my deep admiration for the thousands of field workers who at considerable inconvenience to themselves worked hard to make the 1961-census a success. A large share of the credit goes to my Deputy Superintendents, Sarvshri G.L. Bailur, lAS, Hardial Singh, PCS, Sukhdev Prasad, PCS, and Charan Dass Khanna, PCS, who did not spare themselves in the discharge of their duties. I am obliged also to the District Census Officers (Revenue Assistants, General Assistants, etc.), Charge Officers (Tahsildars, Naib-Tahsildars, and Secretaries of Municipal Committees), ar.i Supervisors drawn from various departments. I am thankful to Shri K.C. Kuriyan and Shri Tara Chand of the Punjab Government Press for their accommodating me at all times, for the printing of forms and schedules. On the office side I acknowledge that there has not been a single person who has not borne the heavy task assigned to him with enthusiasm and smile. I should particularly mention in this callnection Shri P.N. Tandon, the Office Superintendent and Shri Roshan Lal Khosla, Assistant. I recall Shri Harnam Singh Khurana, another Assistant, who met an untimely death after working in the office for a few months. I should also mention in this connection Shri Pawan Kumar, whom I brought with me from the State Economic & Statistical Organisation in May, 1959, and who has assisted me throughout in differ­ ent phases of the operations. I also acknowledge the hard work done by Shri Om Parkash Sobti, my Stenographer and Personal Assistant, for the laborious work he has put in at all odd hours, both in the office and in field. 1 record respectfully my sense of gratitude to Shri Partap Singh Kairon, the Chief Minister, Punjab, who was ever keen to learn how the census operations were progressing and his unabated encouragement to me. I wish to express my obligations to Shri E.N. Mangat Rai, the Chief Secretary, but for whose conti­ nuous support the census could not have made a smooth sailing. Lastly, I express my debt of gratitude to Shri Ashok Mitra, the Registrar General & Census Com­ missioner, India, for the inspiration and guidance which has sustained throughout this period of arduous work. I am equally grateful to Shri D. Natarajan, Deputy Rcgistrar General, India, for his advice and help in all administrative and technical matters. Superintendent of Census Operations Chandigarh: & Enumeration Commissioner, October 11, 1963. Punjab. CONTENTS CHAPTER I SPADE-WORK PAGE 1. Census legislation; 2. First communication from Home Ministry; 3. Appointment of State Superintendent of Census Operations, Appointment as Enumeration Commissioner; 4. Office staff-Terms of deputation; 5. Appointment of Deputy Superintendents; 6. Office Accom­ modation-Accommodation for Deputy Superintendents in the field; 7. Furniture, Sta­ tionery and equipment-Furniture-Paper-Stationery-Typewriters-Calculating Machines­ Gestetner Duplicator-Bicycle-Iron safe-Filing Cabinet-Station Wagon-Telephone­ Equipment for District offices-Old Census Record-Library-Postal facilities; 8. Printing of schedules-State forms; 9. Despatch and storage of forms; 10. Touring-Touring by Superin­ tendent-Touring by Deputy Superintendents; 11. Administrative difficulties-Designation of the post of Superintendent of Census Operations-Residential accommodation; 12. Publicity­ Booklets and posters-Newspapers-Posts & Telegraphs Department-Documentary Films­ Cinema Slides-Press Conferences-Talks 011 Radio-Governor's Message-Chief Minister's Appeal. CHAPTER II \j OPERATIONS LEADING TO ENUMERATION 1. Pre-tests-First pre-test-Second pre-test-Training of Statistical Asstts. in the Office of Registrar General; 2. Census Conference of September, 1959; 3. Questionnaires-Houselist­ Household Schedule-Individual· Slip; 4. Centralisation of Instructions; 5. Transla­ tion of Schedules and Instructions; 6. Two Annual Conferences of the D.Cs.; 7. Propor~ tion of Schedules in diffcrent languagcs; 8. Distribution of Instructions, Forms and Schedules­ Registrar General's formula; 9. Census programme; 10. Maps-Sketch maps; 11. Selection of urban areas-Town-groups; 12. Census Divisions 13. Location Code-Urban ·and Rural Location Code--Numbering of Districts-Numbering of Tahsils-Numbering of Urban areas-Numbering of Villages-Numbering of Town Wards-Numbering of Census Houses-Suitable period for housenumbering and houselisting; 14. Preparation of registers; 15. Circulars-Circulars on Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes-Circulars about Mother Tongue; 16. Appointment of District and Charge Officers; 17. Clerical staff in Districts and Tahsils; 18. Clerical staff for big Towns; 19. Appointment of enumeration agency; 20. Impediments-School Examinations-Difficulties in the issue of Notifications-Panchayat Elections; 21. Annual Confidential Reports. 11 CHAPTER III ENUMERATION 1. Housenumbering & Houselisting-Training-Difficulties and deficiencies-Quality of Houselists; 2. Training for Enumeration-Training programme-First Round-Second (i) (ii) PAGE Round-Third Round-Fourth Round-Fifth Round-Suggestions for improvement; 3. Enumeration-General-Special Areas-Houseless and Mobile population-Mother Tongue­ Coverage-Response from public-Demographic questions-Economic questions-Household Schedules; 4. Non-Synchronous Census-Bara Banghal-Kulu Sub-Division-Lahaul & Spiti-Spiti-Lahaul; 5. Provisional Totals; 6. Post-Enumeration Check. 27 CHAPTER IV HONORARIA AND MEDALS 1. Honoraria-Enumeration staff----Rates of Honoraria; 2. Medals-Recognition of services of Enumeration staff. 35 CHAPTER V ASSOCIATED STUDIES 1. Enumeration of Scientific and Technical Persons; 2. Fertility Survey; 3. Village Surveys; 4. Consanguineous Marriages Survey; 5. Household Industries & Rural Handi- crafts; 6. Fairs & Festivals; 7. Ethnographic Notes. 38 CHAPTER VI ACCOUNTS & EXPENDITURE 1. Budgets; 2. Monthly reconciliation of Accounts; 3. Accounts Rules; 4. Essential Books; 5. Registers; 6. Method of keeping Accounts; 6. Delegation of Financial Powers to S.C.O.; 8. Permanent Advance; 9. Cost of Enumeration.. 40 APPENDICES PAGES I. The Census Act. (No. XXXVII) of 1948 44 11. Selected communications from various Ministries of the Government of India. 47 III. Selected communications from the Registrar General, India. 54 IV. Selected communications from the Punjab Government. 65 V. Selected communications issued by the Superintendent of Census Operations, Punjab. 76 VI. Statements: (1) Notifications issued in connection with 1961-census. 103 (2) Budget Estimates for the years 1958-59 to 1962-63. 105 (3) Forms and instructions supplied to District Census Officers 106 (4) Enumeration Schedules supplicd to District Census Officers 108 (5) Census Divisions and Census Officc! s appointed in the field 110 (iii) PAGE (6) Clerical assistance provided to the District Census Officers and Charge Officers of Tahsils and Towns with