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A Remarkable New Species of Leptogenys Roger, 1861 (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) from Vietnam Новый Необычный Вид L

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A Remarkable New Species of Leptogenys Roger, 1861 (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) from Vietnam Новый Необычный Вид L Евразиатский энтомол. журнал 15. Прил. 1: 50–54 © EUROASIAN ENTOMOLOGICAL JOURNAL, 2016 A remarkable new species of Leptogenys Roger, 1861 (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) from Vietnam Íîâûé íåîáû÷íûé âèä Leptogenys Roger, 1861 (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) èç Âüåòíàìà V.A. Zryanin Â.À. Çðÿíèí Lobachevsky State University of Nizhni Novgorod, Gagarin Ave. 23, build. 1, Nizhny Novgorod 603950 Russia. E-mail: [email protected]. Нижегородский государственный университет им. Н.И. Лобачевского, пр. Гагарина 23, корп. 1, Нижний Новгород 603950 Россия. Key words: Formicidae, Ponerinae, Leptogenys, new species, ergatoid queens, parallel evolution, Vietnam. Ключевые слова: Formicidae, Ponerinae, Leptogenys, новый вид, эргатоидные самки, параллельная эволю- ция, Вьетнам. Abstract. The new large ant species of the subfamily 2016]. This genus is one of the ten largest ant genera of Ponerinae, Leptogenys leleji sp.n., is described from the Bi the world, and can serve as a model when discussing Dup-Nui Ba Nature Reserve (Lam Dong Province, South- evolutionary success of the ponerine ants. Based on Central Vietnam) based on a single worker and two ergatoid molecular phylogenetic analysis, Schmidt [2013] showed queens. This species is well distinguished from the other that Leptogenys is a monophyletic taxon within the Vietnamese and Oriental congeners by general shape of the Odontomachus genus group. The diversification of this head, mandibles (the cranio-mandibular system) and espe- group occurred probably in Africa between 40 and 30 cially by petiole which posterior apex in profile drawn out Mya and had an explosive nature [Schmidt, 2013]. A into a blunt tooth. The ergatoid queen is very similar to the modern species richness of Leptogenys has arisen worker except for the following features: body larger, dorsal probably due to the prey specialization, in particular, for propodeal margin more convex, petiole broader in dorsal view and gaster more voluminous than in the worker. Similar isopods [Dejean, Evraerts, 1997; Lattke, 2011]. Indeed, habitus including the shape of the petiole is known in some prey specialization in Leptogenys is associated with species group of Leptogenys from the New World, Africa and significant changes of the cranio-mandibular system Australia. However, this similarity has arisen independently [Dlussky, Fedoseeva, 1988] that could explain much of in each zoogeographical region as a result of the parallel the morphological diversity in this genus. On the other evolution. hand, a similar morphology in the different species groups may be the result of the parallel evolution. Some examples Резюме. Новый крупный вид подсемейства Ponerinae, of parallelism within the genus were given elsewhere Leptogenys leleji sp.n., описан из природного заповедника [Lattke, 2011]. Another interesting example is presented Бидуп-Нуйба (провинция Ламдонг, Южно-Центральный in this paper. Вьетнам) на основе рабочего и 2 эргатоидных самок. Этот The two types of reproductives have so far been вид хорошо отличается от остальных вьетнамских и ори- known in the genus: ergatoid queens and gamergates ентальных представителей рода общей формой головы, [Ito, Ohkawara, 2000; Peters, 2012]. According to Peters мандибул (кранио-мандибулярной системой) и особенно [2012] the term «ergatoid queens» should be used for петиолем, задняя вершина которого в профиль вытянута в тупой зубец. Эргатоидная самка очень похожа на рабо- all wingless reproductives that differ morphologically чего за исключением следующих особенностей: тело круп- from workers. So far only three species of Leptogenys нее, спинной край проподеума более выпуклый, петиоль from the New World are known to have winged queens со спинной стороны шире и брюшко более объемное, чем [Lattke, 2011]. Ergatoid queens in few species have the у рабочего. Сходный облик, включая форму петиоля, well-developed flight sclerites and/or three ocelli or the известен в некоторых видовых группах Leptogenys из single median ocellus [Bharti, Wachkoo, 2013]. In most Нового Света, Африки и Австралии. Однако это сход- cases ergatoid queens are morphologically very similar ство возникло независимо в каждом зоогеографическом to the workers, although may be identified by a large регионе как результат параллельной эволюции. propodeum, relatively shorter and broader petiole, more voluminous gaster and some other features Introduction [Rakotonirina, Fisher, 2014]. Gamergates are morphologically identical to non-reproductive workers. The ant genus Leptogenys Roger, 1861 is one of the In terms of ecology both ergatoid queens and pantropically distributed taxa of the subfamily Ponerinae, gamergates ensure a strategy with rapid and less costly which currently includes 307 extant valid species or about colony reproduction, i.e. colony fission. However, long- a quarter of described species of Ponerinae [Bolton, range dispersal capabilities are lost in colony fission A remarkable new species of Leptogenys from Vietnam 51 [Schmidt, 2013]. This may explain the high level of obtained using an Axiocam 105 color camera attached to endemism within the genus. Predominance of ergatoid a Stemi 2000C Carl Zeiss microscope. In the article queens or gamergates in different clades within the measurements are rounded to the second decimal place genus may shed light on its phylogeny [Lattke, 2011]. and have the following abbreviations: HL — head length: However, in many species it is unknown whether midline length of the head capsule, measured in full-face ergatoid queens or gamergates is responsible for colony view from the posterior margin to the anterior extremity of reproduction. the clypeal margin; LCM — lateral cephalic margin: The fauna and taxonomy of Leptogenys are well measured in the same plane as HL between the base of understood in the Ethiopian region [Bolton, 1975], New mandible and a line drawn across the posterior margin of World [Lattke, 2011] and Madagascar [Rakotonirina, the head; HW — head width: maximum width of head, Fisher, 2014], where in total more than a half of the known measured in the same plane as HL; ML — mandible species has been described. The Oriental fauna of length: straight-line length of mandible, measured from Leptogenys that includes about 100 species awaits a the base at the insertion into the head capsule, to the taxonomic revision, although the identification keys to apex; EL — eye length: maximum length of compound species are now available for China [Xu, 2000; Zhou et eye; SL — scape length: maximum length of the first al., 2012] and India [Bharti, Wachkoo, 2013]. A recent antennal segment excluding the neck and basal condyle; synopsis of Leptogenys of Vietnam includes 40 species PW — pronotal width: maximum width of pronotum in [Eguchi et al., 2014], but most of them are presented dorsal view; WL — Weber’s length of the mesosoma therein as morphospecies and have not yet been identified (alitrunk): diagonal length, measured in lateral view from based on careful examination of the type materials of the anterior margin of the pronotum (excluding the collar) Oriental species. It should be noted the problem of species to the posterior extremity of the propodeal lobe; PNW — boundaries in the genus [Lattke, 2011; Rakotonirina, petiolar node width: maximum width of the node in dorsal Fisher, 2014]. For example, in the Cat Tien National Park view; PNH — petiolar node height: the height of the (Dong Nai Province, South Vietnam) we collected 20 node in profile, measured vertically from the ventral margin morphologically different representatives of Leptogenys. at the junction between the ventral margin of the node However, only 12 of them may be considered as «bonae and subpetiolar process to the dorsal border of the node; species», the others may be complexes of two–three PNL — petiolar node length: maximum length of the node species or polytypic species which require further in dorsal view. Indices are expressed as a percentage, investigation better at the molecular level. rounded to the nearest whole number and presented In the Bi Dup-Nui Ba Nature Reserve (Lam Dong with following abbreviations: CI — cephalic index: Province, South-Central Vietnam) were found 90 ant HW100/HL; SI — scape index: SL100/HW; LNI — species including eight species of Leptogenys [Zryanin, lateral petiolar node index: PNH100/PNL; DNI — dorsal 2013]. One of them previously labeled as Leptogenys sp. petiolar node index: PNW100/PNL. [A] has unusual habitus among all the Oriental Multi-focused images of full-face view of the head, congeners. At the same time a combination of several profile and dorsal view of the specimens were produced features (shape of the cranio-mandibular system, the using Helicon Focus 5.3 Pro from a series of source petiole, etc.) makes it similar to the representatives of photos (z-stacking) and cleaned with Adobe Photoshop the L. conradti species group from Africa, the L. turneri CS5. For comparative purposes descriptions of selected species group from Australia and some species of the species and species groups were used [in Bolton, 1975; L. arcuata clade from the Neotropics. That arouses a Lattke, 2011; Rakotonirina, Fisher, 2014], as well as the particular interest in terms of parallel morphological images of specimens in three planes that are available at evolution in different phylogenetic lines of Leptogenys www.antweb.org (AntWeb v6.2.3). inhabiting the different continents. Description of this species and discussion of its unusual habitus are the Taxonomy main goals of this article. Leptogenys leleji Zryanin, sp.n.
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