Hymenoptera: Formicidae) Di Hutan Sekunder Gampong Pisang Labuhan Haji Aceh Selatan Sebagai Referensi Mata Kuliah Ekologi Hewan

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

Hymenoptera: Formicidae) Di Hutan Sekunder Gampong Pisang Labuhan Haji Aceh Selatan Sebagai Referensi Mata Kuliah Ekologi Hewan KOMPOSISI DAN STRUKTUR KOMUNITAS SEMUT (HYMENOPTERA: FORMICIDAE) DI HUTAN SEKUNDER GAMPONG PISANG LABUHAN HAJI ACEH SELATAN SEBAGAI REFERENSI MATA KULIAH EKOLOGI HEWAN SKRIPSI Diajukan Oleh: SRI HASMAYA RIZKA NIM: 281223183 Mahasiswa Fakutas Tarbiyah dan Keguruan Program Studi Pendidikan Biologi FAKULTAS TARBIYAH DAN KEGURUAN UNIVERSITAS ISLAM NEGERI AR-RANIRY DARUSSALAM – BANDA ACEH 2017 M/1438 H ii KATA PENGANTAR Alhamdulillah, dengan rasa puji syukur kehadhirat Allah Swt yang telah memberikan rahmat dan hidayah-Nya, sehingga penulis dapat menyelesaikan skripsi ini dengan baik. Shalawat dan salam semoga tercurahkan kepada Nabi Muhammad Saw, keluarga, dan sahabat-sahabat beliau, tabi’-tabi’in, dan para penerus generasi Islam yang telah membawa kita ke alam yang penuh dengan ilmu pengetahuan. Alhamdulillah berkat izin Allah penulis dapat menyelesaikan skripsi dengan judul “Komposisi dan Struktur Komunitas Semut (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) di Hutan Sekunder Gampong Pisang Labuhan Haji Aceh Selatan sebagai Referensi Mata Kuliah Ekologi Hewan”. Skripsi ini merupakan salah satu kewajiban untuk mengaplikasikan Tridarma Perguruan Tinggi dalam upaya pengembangan ilmu pengetahuan, khususnya di bidang pendidikan Biologi dan melengkapi syarat untuk memperoleh gelar sarjana pada Fakultas Tarbiyah dan Keguruan Universitas Islam Negri Ar-Raniry. Penulis menyadari, bahwa selama penelitian dan penyusunan skripsi ini tidak lepas dari bimbingan, pengarahan, bantuan dan dukungan yang sangat berarti dari berbagai pihak. Oleh karena itu, melalui kata pengantar ini penulis menyampaikan ucapan terima kasih dan penghargaan yang tak terhingga kepada: 1. Bapak Samsul Kamal, S.Pd, M.Pd selaku pembimbing pertama, serta kepada pembimbing kedua Ibu Elita Agustina, M.Si, yang telah memberikan bimbingan, nasehat, dan arahan kepada penulis sehingga skripsi ini dapat terselesaikan dengan baik. v 2. Ucapan terima kasih penulis ucapkan kepada Ibu Dra. Nursalmi Mahdi, M.Ed.St, selaku ketua prodi Pendidikan Biologi, pembimbing akademik Ibu Nurasiah, S.Pd.I, M.Pd dan para staf Prodi Pendidikan Biologi beserta semua dosen, dan asisten yang telah mengajar dan membantu penulis dalam membekali ilmu dari semester pertama hingga semester akhir. 3. Terima kasih juga penulis ucapkan kepada Geuchik Gampong Pisang Kecamatan Labuhan Haji Kabupaten Aceh Selatan yang telah memberi izin dalam melakukan penelitian. 4. Terima kasih kepada M Aria Mardiansyah, Khairul Nas yang telah membantu penulis dalam melakukan penelitian dan pengambilan data di lapangan. Selanjutnya, rasa terima kasih juga kepada sahabat dan teman- teman seperjuangan Ansari, Safiratul Fithri, Nasta Harimi, Rahmad Irfan, Maulidar Wati, Juni Mulia Dewi, Lia Safwani yang telah memberi motivasi, saran, dan dukungan dalam penyelesaian skripsi ini. 5. Teristimewa, ucapan terima kasih yang tak terhingga penulis sampaikan kepada Ayahanda Suherlis dan Ibunda Tercinta Hartini, serta terima kasih kepada abang yang saya hormati Fithra Maulidan, Fajar Rama dan kakak yang saya sayangi Cut Juni Sartika dan Fadhilah Yusra yang telah memberi dukungan, motivasi kasih sayang kepada penulis, dan do’a yang tiada henti-hentinya. Akhirnya penulis menyadari bahwa skripsi ini jauh dari kata kesempurnaan dan keterbatasan kemampuan. Untuk itu, penulis sangat mengharapkan kritik dan saran yang bersifat membangun demi kesempurnaan skripsi ini. vi Akhirul kalam, kepada Allah jualah penulis berserah diri semoga selalu dilimpahkan rahmat dan hidayah-Nya kepada kita semua. Aamiin Allahumma Aamiin Ya Rabbal ‘Alamin. Banda Aceh, 24 Januari 2017 Penulis, vii DAFTAR ISI LEMBARAN JUDUL......................................................................................... i PENGESAHAN PEMBIMBING....................................................................... ii PENGESAHAN PENGUJI................................................................................ iii SURAT PERNYATAAN.................................................................................... iv KATA PENGANTAR......................................................................................... v DAFTAR ISI........................................................................................................ viii DAFTAR TABEL................................................................................................ x DAFTAR GAMBAR........................................................................................... xi DAFTAR LAMPIRAN....................................................................................... xii ABSTRAK............................................................................................................ xiii BAB I PENDAHULUAN A. Latar Belakang Masalah........................................................................... 1 B. Rumusan Masalah.................................................................................... 6 C. Tujuan Penelitian...................................................................................... 6 D. Manfaat Penelitian.................................................................................... 6 E. Definisi Operasional................................................................................. 7 BAB II LANDASAN TEORI A. Komposisi dan Struktur Komunitas Semut.............................................. 10 B. Semut (Hymenoptera: Formicidae)........................................................... 14 1. Deskripsi Semut.................................................................................. 14 2. Klasifikasi Semut................................................................................ 15 3. Karakteristik Morfologi Semut........................................................... 21 4. Karakteristik Koloni Semut................................................................ 24 5. Peranan Semut……………................................................................ 27 C. Parameter Fisika-Kimia yang Mempengaruhi Komposisi dan Struktur Komunitas Semut......................................................................... 28 1. Habitat................................................................................................ 30 2. Vegetasi Tumbuhan............................................................................ 30 3. Suhu Tanah......................................................................................... 31 4. Suhu Udara......................................................................................... 32 5. pH Tanah............................................................................................ 32 6. Kelembaban Tanah............................................................................. 32 7. Kelembaban Udara............................................................................. 32 D. Gambaran Umum Lokasi Penelitian di Hutan Sekunder Gampong Pisang Labuhan Haji Aceh Selatan.......................................... 33 E. Pemanfaatan Komposisi dan Struktur Komunitas Semut (Hymenoptera:Formicidae) dalam Mata Kuliah Ekologi Hewan............. 34 1. Video.................................................................................................. 35 2. Modul Praktikum................................................................................ 36 viii BAB III METODE PENELITIAN A. Rancangan Penelitian............................................................................... 38 B. Tempat dan Waktu Penelitian.................................................................. 38 C. Populasi dan Sampel................................................................................ 38 D. Alat dan Bahan........................................................................................ 39 E. Parameter Penelitian................................................................................ 40 F. Prosedur Pengumpulan Data................................................................... 41 G. Teknik Analisis Data............................................................................... 42 BAB IV HASIL DAN PEMBAHASAN A. Hasil Penelitian........................................................................................ 46 1. Komposisi Spesies Semut (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) di Hutan Sekunder Gampong Pisang Labuhan Haji Aceh Selatan........ 46 2. Struktur Komunitas Semut (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) di Hutan Sekunder Gampong Pisang Labuhan Haji Aceh Selatan........ 49 3. Parameter Fisika-Kimia Lingkungan di Hutan Sekunder Gampong Pisang Labuhan Haji Aceh Selatan................................... 54 4. Pemanfaatan Komposisi dan Struktur Komunitas Semut Sebagai Referensi Mata Kuliah Ekologi Hewan............................... 55 B. Pembahasan.............................................................................................. 58 1. Komposisi Spesies Semut (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) di Hutan Sekunder Gampong Pisang Labuhan Haji Aceh Selatan........ 58 2. Struktur Komunitas Semut (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) di Hutan Sekunder Gampong Pisang Labuhan Haji Aceh Selatan........ 63 3. Parameter Fisika-Kimia Lingkungan di Hutan Sekunder Gampong Pisang Labuhan Haji Aceh Selatan................................... 65 4. Pemanfaatan Komposisi dan Struktur Komunitas Semut Sebagai Referensi Mata Kuliah Ekologi Hewan................................ 67 BAB V PENUTUP A. Kesimpulan............................................................................................... 70 B. Saran......................................................................................................... 72 DAFTAR
Recommended publications
  • Hymenoptera: Formicidae: Ponerinae)
    Molecular Phylogenetics and Taxonomic Revision of Ponerine Ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae: Ponerinae) Item Type text; Electronic Dissertation Authors Schmidt, Chris Alan Publisher The University of Arizona. Rights Copyright © is held by the author. Digital access to this material is made possible by the University Libraries, University of Arizona. Further transmission, reproduction or presentation (such as public display or performance) of protected items is prohibited except with permission of the author. Download date 10/10/2021 23:29:52 Link to Item http://hdl.handle.net/10150/194663 1 MOLECULAR PHYLOGENETICS AND TAXONOMIC REVISION OF PONERINE ANTS (HYMENOPTERA: FORMICIDAE: PONERINAE) by Chris A. Schmidt _____________________ A Dissertation Submitted to the Faculty of the GRADUATE INTERDISCIPLINARY PROGRAM IN INSECT SCIENCE In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements For the Degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY In the Graduate College THE UNIVERSITY OF ARIZONA 2009 2 2 THE UNIVERSITY OF ARIZONA GRADUATE COLLEGE As members of the Dissertation Committee, we certify that we have read the dissertation prepared by Chris A. Schmidt entitled Molecular Phylogenetics and Taxonomic Revision of Ponerine Ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae: Ponerinae) and recommend that it be accepted as fulfilling the dissertation requirement for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy _______________________________________________________________________ Date: 4/3/09 David Maddison _______________________________________________________________________ Date: 4/3/09 Judie Bronstein
    [Show full text]
  • Of Sri Lanka: a Taxonomic Research Summary and Updated Checklist
    ZooKeys 967: 1–142 (2020) A peer-reviewed open-access journal doi: 10.3897/zookeys.967.54432 CHECKLIST https://zookeys.pensoft.net Launched to accelerate biodiversity research The Ants (Hymenoptera, Formicidae) of Sri Lanka: a taxonomic research summary and updated checklist Ratnayake Kaluarachchige Sriyani Dias1, Benoit Guénard2, Shahid Ali Akbar3, Evan P. Economo4, Warnakulasuriyage Sudesh Udayakantha1, Aijaz Ahmad Wachkoo5 1 Department of Zoology and Environmental Management, University of Kelaniya, Sri Lanka 2 School of Biological Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China3 Central Institute of Temperate Horticulture, Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir, 191132, India 4 Biodiversity and Biocomplexity Unit, Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University, Onna, Okinawa, Japan 5 Department of Zoology, Government Degree College, Shopian, Jammu and Kashmir, 190006, India Corresponding author: Aijaz Ahmad Wachkoo ([email protected]) Academic editor: Marek Borowiec | Received 18 May 2020 | Accepted 16 July 2020 | Published 14 September 2020 http://zoobank.org/61FBCC3D-10F3-496E-B26E-2483F5A508CD Citation: Dias RKS, Guénard B, Akbar SA, Economo EP, Udayakantha WS, Wachkoo AA (2020) The Ants (Hymenoptera, Formicidae) of Sri Lanka: a taxonomic research summary and updated checklist. ZooKeys 967: 1–142. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.967.54432 Abstract An updated checklist of the ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) of Sri Lanka is presented. These include representatives of eleven of the 17 known extant subfamilies with 341 valid ant species in 79 genera. Lio- ponera longitarsus Mayr, 1879 is reported as a new species country record for Sri Lanka. Notes about type localities, depositories, and relevant references to each species record are given.
    [Show full text]
  • The Higher Classification of the Ant Subfamily Ponerinae (Hymenoptera: Formicidae), with a Review of Ponerine Ecology and Behavior
    Zootaxa 3817 (1): 001–242 ISSN 1175-5326 (print edition) www.mapress.com/zootaxa/ Monograph ZOOTAXA Copyright © 2014 Magnolia Press ISSN 1175-5334 (online edition) http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3817.1.1 http://zoobank.org/urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:A3C10B34-7698-4C4D-94E5-DCF70B475603 ZOOTAXA 3817 The Higher Classification of the Ant Subfamily Ponerinae (Hymenoptera: Formicidae), with a Review of Ponerine Ecology and Behavior C.A. SCHMIDT1 & S.O. SHATTUCK2 1Graduate Interdisciplinary Program in Entomology and Insect Science, Gould-Simpson 1005, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721-0077. Current address: Native Seeds/SEARCH, 3584 E. River Rd., Tucson, AZ 85718. E-mail: [email protected] 2CSIRO Ecosystem Sciences, GPO Box 1700, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia. Current address: Research School of Biology, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, 0200 Magnolia Press Auckland, New Zealand Accepted by J. Longino: 21 Mar. 2014; published: 18 Jun. 2014 C.A. SCHMIDT & S.O. SHATTUCK The Higher Classification of the Ant Subfamily Ponerinae (Hymenoptera: Formicidae), with a Review of Ponerine Ecology and Behavior (Zootaxa 3817) 242 pp.; 30 cm. 18 Jun. 2014 ISBN 978-1-77557-419-4 (paperback) ISBN 978-1-77557-420-0 (Online edition) FIRST PUBLISHED IN 2014 BY Magnolia Press P.O. Box 41-383 Auckland 1346 New Zealand e-mail: [email protected] http://www.mapress.com/zootaxa/ © 2014 Magnolia Press All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored, transmitted or disseminated, in any form, or by any means, without prior written permission from the publisher, to whom all requests to reproduce copyright material should be directed in writing.
    [Show full text]
  • 35 Pheromone Baited Biopesticide for Control of Leucinodes Orbonalis
    [Frontiers in Bioscience, Elite, 12, 35-47, Jan 1, 2020] Pheromone baited biopesticide for control of Leucinodes orbonalis Guenee in brinjal plant Mohammed Siddeek Fathima Nusra1,2, Priyani Ashoka Paranagama2, Lalithanjalie Deepika Amarasinghe3, Dinusha Nishani Udukala1 1College of Chemical Sciences, Institute of Chemistry Ceylon, Rajagiriya, Sri Lanka, 2Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Kelaniya, Kelaniya, Sri Lanka, 3 Department of Zoology and Environmental Management, Faculty of Science, University of Kelaniya, Kelaniya, Sri Lanka TABLE OF CONTENTS 1. Abstract 2. Introduction 3. Nature and extent of damage 4. Life cycle of BFSB 5. Semiochemicals 6. Chemical and physical properties of semiochemicals 7. Plant volatiles 8. Pheromones and Allelochemicals 9. Female sex pheromones of BFSB 10. Management of BFSB using pheromone 11. Pheromone application and trap designs 12. Conclusion 13. References 1. ABSTRACT Leucinodes orbonalis Guenee, Brinjal fruit chemical ecology stimuli of relevance to the pest. and shoot borer (BFSB), is the major pest on brinjal world wide. Larvae of this pest cause the damage; 2. INTRODUCTION which at initial stages adversely affect the shoot growth, and in later stages diminish fruit quality. Eggplant or brinjal plant (Solanum Spraying of insecticides is the main pest control melongena) is an economically important plant used in method. This has been absolutely ineffective due to Asian countries, especially in Bangladesh, China, India, concealed habit of the larvae. Such a phenomenon Sri Lanka, Pakistan, Philippines and Thailand (1). apprehends to the development of insecticides Distribution of brinjal plant is higher in the areas with hot resistance which demands continuously increasing and humid climate as brinjal is known as a hardy plant doses.
    [Show full text]
  • Poneromorfas Do Brasil Miolo.Indd
    27 - Parasitoides e outros inimigos naturais das formigas Poneromorfas Thalles Platiny Lavinscky Pereira Juliana Martins da Silva-Freitas Freddy Ruben Bravo SciELO Books / SciELO Livros / SciELO Libros PEREIRA, TPL., SILVA-FREITAS, JM., and BRAVO, FR. Parasitoides e outros inimigos naturais das formigas Poneromorfas. In: DELABIE, JHC., et al., orgs. As formigas poneromorfas do Brasil [online]. Ilhéus, BA: Editus, 2015, pp. 403-424. ISBN 978-85-7455-441-9. Available from SciELO Books <http://books.scielo.org>. All the contents of this work, except where otherwise noted, is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International license. Todo o conteúdo deste trabalho, exceto quando houver ressalva, é publicado sob a licença Creative Commons Atribição 4.0. Todo el contenido de esta obra, excepto donde se indique lo contrario, está bajo licencia de la licencia Creative Commons Reconocimento 4.0. 27 Parasitoides e outros inimigos naturais das formigas Poneromorfas Th alles Platiny Lavinscky Pereira, Juliana Martins da Silva-Freitas, Freddy Ruben Bravo Resumo Alguns grupos de seres vivos são capazes de praticando cleptoparasitismo de operárias do burlar as defesas das formigas e de suas colônias, gênero Bothroponera que estavam forrageando. invadindo e permanecendo nos ninhos, algumas Em relação aos himenópteros, membros de duas vezes estabelecendo relações de parasitismo e/ou superfamílias foram, até o momento, relatados como parasitoidismo com as mesmas. Entre os organismos inimigos naturais que estabeleceram algum tipo de classifi cados como endo/ectoparasitas das formigas relação parasítica com as formigas poneromorfas: estão: vírus, bactérias, fungos, protozoários, Chalcidoidea e Vespoidea. De acordo com os nematódeos, platelmintos, ácaros e insetos.
    [Show full text]
  • Diversity of Indonesian Insects: Perspectives from Populatlon Dynanics and Evolutionary Biology
    TROPICS Vol. 10 (3): 313-324 Issued March 5,200I Diversity of Indonesian Insects: Perspectives from Populatlon Dynanics and Evolutionary Biology Koji NaxanauRA and Haruo KararuRA (Editors) PRTFACE This volume of the TROPICS contains a collection of articles produced on our research in Indonesia since 1990. It was carried out as a series of Indonesia-Japan joint projects by a team composed of many researchers and students from various universities and institutions from both countries. Indonesia has environmental conditions that are extremely diversified both physically and biologically. It has wide areas of tropical rainforest that harbor the world's richest and most diverse fauna and flora. Going eastwards from central Java to the Irsser Sunda Islands, howevor, the rainfall decreases and becomes distinctly seasonal, and vegetation changes correspondingly. Although air temperature is very constant in tropical environments, temporal fluctuation of rainfall is no more stable than that in temperate zones. In Indonesia, moreover, El Nif,o brings drier seasons and has occurred at an average interval of 4-5 years, but its periodicity and intensity have greatly changed from time to time (Inoue & Nakamura,1990;lnoue et al., L993 and literature cited). In recent decades, the impact of severe droughts associated with the 1982-1983 and I997-L998 El Niflos were extremely strong (Nakagavta et a1.,2000). Thus, Indonesia has drastically diverse environments in space and time, so that: (1) the results obtained in one location cannot be applied to others with different environmental conditions, nd (2) long-term ecological studies are required to cover whole episodes of environmental changes in order to understand their impact.
    [Show full text]
  • Journal of Threatened Taxa
    OPEN ACCESS The Journal of Threatened Taxa is dedicated to building evidence for conservaton globally by publishing peer-reviewed artcles online every month at a reasonably rapid rate at www.threatenedtaxa.org. All artcles published in JoTT are registered under Creatve Commons Atributon 4.0 Internatonal License unless otherwise mentoned. JoTT allows unrestricted use of artcles in any medium, reproducton, and distributon by providing adequate credit to the authors and the source of publicaton. Journal of Threatened Taxa Building evidence for conservaton globally www.threatenedtaxa.org ISSN 0974-7907 (Online) | ISSN 0974-7893 (Print) Note First record of Leptogenys hysterica Forel, 1900 (Hymenoptera: Formicidae: Ponerinae) from Pakistan Muhammad Tariq Rasheed, Imran Bodlah, Ammara Gull e Fareen & Xiaolei Huang 26 December 2018 | Vol. 10 | No. 15 | Pages: 13032–13036 10.11609/jot.4036.10.15.13032-13036 For Focus, Scope, Aims, Policies and Guidelines visit htps://threatenedtaxa.org/index.php/JoTT/about/editorialPolicies#custom-0 For Artcle Submission Guidelines visit htps://threatenedtaxa.org/index.php/JoTT/about/submissions#onlineSubmissions For Policies against Scientfc Misconduct visit htps://threatenedtaxa.org/index.php/JoTT/about/editorialPolicies#custom-2 For reprints contact <[email protected]> Publisher & Host Partners Member Threatened Taxa Journal of Threatened Taxa | www.threatenedtaxa.org | 26 December 2018 | 10(15): 13032–13036 Note The ant genus Leptogenys Roger, First record of Leptogenys hysterica 1861 belongs to the subfamily Forel, 1900 (Hymenoptera: Formicidae: Ponerinae and is considered Ponerinae) from Pakistan ISSN 0974-7907 (Online) to be one of the most speciose ISSN 0974-7893 (Print) genera throughout tropical and Muhammad Tariq Rasheed 1 , Imran Bodlah 2 , subtropical regions with 308 Ammara Gull e Fareen 3 & Xiaolei Huang 4 OPEN ACCESS species, 25 subspecies, and one 1,2,3 Insect Biodiversity and Conservaton Group, Department fossil record (AntWeb 2018).
    [Show full text]
  • Communication in the Migratory Termite-Hunting Ant <Emphasis
    J Comp Physiol A (1996) 178:47-53 (C~ Springer-Verlag 1996 B. H611dobler E. Janssen H. J. Bestmann I. R. Leal P. S. Oliveira F. Kern W. A. Kiinig Communication in the migratory termite-hunting ant Pachycondyla (= Termitopone)marginata (Formicidae, Ponerinae) Accepted: 24 May 1995 Abstract The Neotropical species Pachycondyla mar- they also relocate their nest sites in irregular intervals 9inata conducts well-organized predatory raids on the (Wheeler 1936; H611dobler and Traniello 1980; Mill termite species Neocapritermes opacus and frequently 1982, 1984). emigrates to new nest sites. During both activities the The South American species Pachycondyla mar- ants employ chemical trail communication. The trail ,qinata (Roger) is widely distributed throughout Brazil pheromone orginates from the pygidial gland. Among (Kempf 1972). In the present study we report on a de- the substances identified in the pygidial gland secre- tailed behavioral analysis of its communication system tions, only citronellal was effective as a trail including the chemical identification of the major trail pheromone. Isopulegol elicited an increase in locomo- pheromone components employed during foraging and tory activity in the ants and may function as a synergist nest emigration. Our experimental study in the laborat- recruitment signal. The chemical signal is enhanced by ory is further complemented by field observations on a shaking display performed by the recruiting ant. the group-predatory and migratory habits of P. mar- 9inata. A detailed account on the ecology and field Key words Recruitment trails Pheromones biology of this species is provided by Leal and Oliveira Pygidial gland - Citronellal (unpubl.). Introduction Material and methods Several species in the ant subfamily Ponerinae are Two colonies of P.
    [Show full text]
  • Evolução Cariotípica Em Diferentes Grupos De Formicidae
    CLÉA DOS SANTOS FERREIRA MARIANO EVOLUÇÃO CARIOTÍPICA EM DIFERENTES GRUPOS DE FORMICIDAE Tese apresentada à Universidade Federal de Viçosa, como parte das exigências do Programa de Pós- Graduação em Entomologia, para obtenção do título de Doutor Scientiae. VIÇOSA MINAS GERAIS – BRASIL 2004 CLÉA DOS SANTOS FERREIRA MARIANO EVOLUÇÃO CARIOTÍPICA EM DIFERENTES GRUPOS DE FORMICIDAE Tese apresentada à Universidade Federal de Viçosa, como parte das exigências do Programa de Pós- Graduação em Entomologia, para obtenção do título de Doutor Scientiae. APROVADA: 17 de fevereiro de 2004. ________________________________ ________________________________ Dr. Jacques H. C. Delabie Prof. Lucio A. O. Campos (Conselheiro) (Conselheiro) ________________________________ ________________________________ Prof. Jorge Abdala Dergam dos Santos Prof. Marla Piumbini Rocha _______________________________ Profa Silvia das Graças Pompolo (Orientadora) "Há duas formas de viver a sua vida: Uma é acreditar que não existe milagre. A outra é acreditar que todas as coisas são um milagre" Albert Einstein Aos meus pais Roberto e Gislene, Às minhas irmãs Fátima, Rosilene e Patrícia, A Jacques Com todo amor, Dedico. ii AGRADECIMENTOS Ao CNPq, pela concessão da bolsa de estudos e apoio financeiro. À Universidade Federal de Viçosa, pela realização deste curso. À minha orientadora, Profa Dra Silvia das Graças Pompolo, pela confiança, amizade e apoio dados. A Jacques Delabie, por tudo o que representa no meu trabalho. Ao professor Lucio Campos, pela amizade, sugestões, e confiança. Aos membros da banca, professores Jorge Dergam e Marla Rocha. A D. Paula, pela gentileza e por seu respeito a todos os alunos do curso de Entomologia. Ao José Estevão, pelo auxílio no laboratório. Aos colegas do Laboratório de Citogenética: Marla, André, Cíntia, Anderson, Davy, Elaine e Hilton.
    [Show full text]
  • A Remarkable New Species of Leptogenys Roger, 1861 (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) from Vietnam Новый Необычный Вид L
    Евразиатский энтомол. журнал 15. Прил. 1: 50–54 © EUROASIAN ENTOMOLOGICAL JOURNAL, 2016 A remarkable new species of Leptogenys Roger, 1861 (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) from Vietnam Íîâûé íåîáû÷íûé âèä Leptogenys Roger, 1861 (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) èç Âüåòíàìà V.A. Zryanin Â.À. Çðÿíèí Lobachevsky State University of Nizhni Novgorod, Gagarin Ave. 23, build. 1, Nizhny Novgorod 603950 Russia. E-mail: [email protected]. Нижегородский государственный университет им. Н.И. Лобачевского, пр. Гагарина 23, корп. 1, Нижний Новгород 603950 Россия. Key words: Formicidae, Ponerinae, Leptogenys, new species, ergatoid queens, parallel evolution, Vietnam. Ключевые слова: Formicidae, Ponerinae, Leptogenys, новый вид, эргатоидные самки, параллельная эволю- ция, Вьетнам. Abstract. The new large ant species of the subfamily 2016]. This genus is one of the ten largest ant genera of Ponerinae, Leptogenys leleji sp.n., is described from the Bi the world, and can serve as a model when discussing Dup-Nui Ba Nature Reserve (Lam Dong Province, South- evolutionary success of the ponerine ants. Based on Central Vietnam) based on a single worker and two ergatoid molecular phylogenetic analysis, Schmidt [2013] showed queens. This species is well distinguished from the other that Leptogenys is a monophyletic taxon within the Vietnamese and Oriental congeners by general shape of the Odontomachus genus group. The diversification of this head, mandibles (the cranio-mandibular system) and espe- group occurred probably in Africa between 40 and 30 cially by petiole which posterior apex in profile drawn out Mya and had an explosive nature [Schmidt, 2013]. A into a blunt tooth. The ergatoid queen is very similar to the modern species richness of Leptogenys has arisen worker except for the following features: body larger, dorsal probably due to the prey specialization, in particular, for propodeal margin more convex, petiole broader in dorsal view and gaster more voluminous than in the worker.
    [Show full text]
  • LEPTOGENYS Academica
    BARRY BOLTON’S ANT CATALOGUE, 2020 LEPTOGENYS academica. Leptogenys academica López-Muñoz, et al. 2018: 560, fig. 1 (w.) BRAZIL (Paraná). Type-material: holotype worker, 5 paratype workers. Type-locality: holotype Brazil: Paraná, Curitiba, Mata Viva, Centro Politécnico-UFPR, 21.i.-18.iii.2009, pitfall (M. Mausselen); paratypes: 4 workers with same data, 1 worker with same data but15.x.-10.xii.2008. Type-depositories: DZUP (holotype); CASC, DZUP, ISNB, MZSP (paratypes). Distribution: Brazil. acutangula. Leptogenys (Lobopelta) acutangula Emery, 1914f: 398, pl. 13, fig. 2 (w.) NEW CALEDONIA. Type-material: syntype workers (number not stated). Type-localities: New Caledonia: Vallée de la Ngoi, 200 m. (F. Sarasin & J. Roux), and Yaté (F. Sarasin & J. Roux). Type-depository: MSNG. Status as species: Wheeler, W.M. 1935g: 14; Wilson, 1958a: 136; Taylor, 1987a: 35; Bolton, 1995b: 229. Senior synonym of brevinoda: Wilson, 1958a: 136; Taylor, 1987a: 35; Bolton, 1995b: 229. Distribution: New Caledonia. acutirostris. Leptogenys saussurei st. acutirostris Santschi, 1912b: 150 (w.) MADAGASCAR. Type-material: holotype worker. Type-locality: Madagascar: (no further data) (Le Moult). Type-depository: NHMB. Subspecies of saussurei: Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 1012. Status as species: Bolton, 1975a: 297; Bolton, 1995b: 229; Rakotonirina & Fisher, 2014: 116 (redescription). Distribution: Madagascar. adlerzi. Leptogenys (Lobopelta) conigera r. adlerzi Forel, 1900b: 65 (w.) AUSTRALIA (Queensland). Type-material: syntype workers (number not stated). Type-localities: Australia: Queensland, Townsville (Turner), and E Queensland, Charter Towers (Wiederkehr). Type-depositories: ANIC, MHNG. Subspecies of conigera: Emery, 1911d: 105; Taylor & Brown, 1985: 33; Taylor, 1987a: 34. Status as species: Taylor, 1988: 36; Bolton, 1995b: 229. Distribution: Australia. adpressa.
    [Show full text]
  • A Checklist of the Ants of China
    Zootaxa 3558: 1–77 (2012) ISSN 1175-5326 (print edition) www.mapress.com/zootaxa/ ZOOTAXA Copyright © 2012 · Magnolia Press Monograph ISSN 1175-5334 (online edition) urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:FD30AAEC-BCF7-4213-87E7-3D33B0084616 ZOOTAXA 3558 A checklist of the ants of China BENOIT GUÉNARD1,2 & ROBERT R. DUNN1 1Department of Biology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27607, USA. E-mail: [email protected] 2Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology, Okinawa, Japan Magnolia Press Auckland, New Zealand Accepted by J.T. Longino: 9 Oct. 2012; published: 21 Nov. 2012 Benoit Guénard & Robert R. Dunn A checklist of the ants of China (Zootaxa 3558) 77 pp.; 30 cm. 21 Nov 2012 ISBN 978-1-77557-054-7 (paperback) ISBN 978-1-77557-055-4 (Online edition) FIRST PUBLISHED IN 2012 BY Magnolia Press P.O. Box 41-383 Auckland 1346 New Zealand e-mail: [email protected] http://www.mapress.com/zootaxa/ © 2012 Magnolia Press All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored, transmitted or disseminated, in any form, or by any means, without prior written permission from the publisher, to whom all requests to reproduce copyright material should be directed in writing. This authorization does not extend to any other kind of copying, by any means, in any form, and for any purpose other than private research use. ISSN 1175-5326 (Print edition) ISSN 1175-5334 (Online edition) 2 · Zootaxa 3558 © 2012 Magnolia Press GUÉNARD & DUNN Table of contents Abstract . 3 Introduction . 3 Methods . 4 Misidentifications and erroneous records . 5 Results and discussion . 6 Species diversity within genera .
    [Show full text]