TROPICS Vol. 10 (3): 313-324 Issued March 5,200I

Diversity of Indonesian : Perspectives from Populatlon Dynanics and Evolutionary Biology

Koji NaxanauRA and Haruo KararuRA (Editors)

PRTFACE

This volume of the TROPICS contains a collection of articles produced on our research in since 1990. It was carried out as a series of Indonesia-Japan joint projects by a team composed of many researchers and students from various universities and institutions from both countries. Indonesia has environmental conditions that are extremely diversified both physically and biologically. It has wide areas of tropical rainforest that harbor the world's richest and most diverse fauna and flora. Going eastwards from central Java to the Irsser Sunda Islands, howevor, the rainfall decreases and becomes distinctly seasonal, and vegetation changes correspondingly. Although air temperature is very constant in tropical environments, temporal fluctuation of rainfall is no more stable than that in temperate zones. In Indonesia, moreover, El Nif,o brings drier seasons and has occurred at an average interval of 4-5 years, but its periodicity and intensity have greatly changed from time to time (Inoue & Nakamura,1990;lnoue et al., L993 and literature cited). In recent decades, the impact of severe droughts associated with the 1982-1983 and I997-L998 El Niflos were extremely strong (Nakagavta et a1.,2000). Thus, Indonesia has drastically diverse environments in space and time, so that: (1) the results obtained in one location cannot be applied to others with different environmental conditions, nd (2) long-term ecological studies are required to cover whole episodes of environmental changes in order to understand their impact. Only such long{erm studies can detect the influence of rare disturbances on populations and the adaptive traits associated with them. The responses of insects to environmental change may be different in various taxa due to different adaptive traits. Our goal was to contribute to knowledge of the speciation, population dynamics and evolution of life history strategies of insects in Indonesia. Since 1990 we have carried out studies at sites witn distinctly different rainfall conditions and elevations, e.g. Padang has a typical tropical rainforest climate without a clear alternation of wet and dry seasons, while Purwodadi has a strong dry season of 6-7 rnonths. Sukarami is located at an elevation of 928 m, while Padang and Bogor, Purwodadi are at 5 m,260 m and 300 m, respectively. This volume consists of four parts: The first part deals with the fauna and biology of the phytophagous ladybird beetles Epilachna (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae: Epilachninae). These beetles include notorious pests of various solanaceous and cucurbitaceous crops, but their still remains insufficient and their speciation in the tropics is poorly understood. We recorded 26 from Sumatra and Java and provided notes for their food plants (Katakurcet al.), described and 3L4 K. NaTMURA & H. KATETUNR compared the oviposition patterns of some species (Nakano et al.), exanrned the diapause and heat tolerance of a pest species, E. vigintioctopunctata (Kahono et al.) and determined the survivorship and fertility schedules of a wild cucurbit-feeding species, E. pytho under laboratory conditions (Nakano er a/.). The second part deals with . They are most diversified in species number and social systems in the tropics, and play important roles in ecological communities in Indonesia as in other tropical areas. We recorded a total of 216 species, including two that are newly described, in the Bogor Botanic Garden using seven collection methods (ltoet al.). We further reported the specialized predation behavior of a myrmicine ant, Calyptotnyrtner sp. (Ito), the inter-nest relationship of a Mirmecina sp. (Tsuji et al.) and the ecology of two army ant species, Dorylus laevigatus and Pheidologeton affinis (Ohkawara). The third part deals with population dynamics of several herbivorous insects including three epilachnine species studied at four different localities for up to nine years (Nakamura et al.), abtg, Melanphaus faber (: ) (Nishida er a/.). and three Lymantria spp. (Lepidopera: Lymantriidae) attracted by the pheromone traps (Kamata e/ a/.). Temporal dynamics of the ground communities on Sumatran high land revealed by a pidall study (Sota ef a/.) is also included here. The fourth part covers three articles on diverse topics, dealing with the species composition of lepidopterous pests in Shorea nurseries (Sakai er a/.), tenitoriality of a fruit , elegans (Kimura & Hirai), and description of macrochelid mites associated with scarabaeid beetles (Takaku), respectively. One of the major purposes of our project has been to foster young staff and students of both Indonesia and Japan. We consider that this strategy has been successful as demonstrated by the following examples. Mr. S. Kahono and Ms. W A. Noerdjito who joined this project from Puslitbang Biologi, LIPI, received doctoral degrees, funded by a scholarship from the Ministry of Education, Science, Sports and Culture of Japan and from the Ronpaku program of the Japanese Society for the Promotion of Science, respectively. Mr. N. Hasan is now completing his doctoral thesis supported by the Ronpaku program. Dr. F. Ito, who was a post-doctoral student of Hokkaido University when he joined this project, was awarded the Kira Prize (an encouragement prize) in 2000 for his contribution extending knowledge of Indonesian ant biology.

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS We wish to express our sincere thanks to Dr. K. Ogino (Shiga Prefectural University), the president of the Japanese Society of Tropical Ecology, who sponsored our two workshops and authorized this special volume of the TROPICS, and Dr. M. Hotta (Kagoshima University), the Editor-in-Chief of the TROPICS, for kindly editing this volume. We would also like to sincerely thank the following people for their kind support of our project: Prof. Dr. S. Samadikun, Director of the Indonesian Institute of Sciences (LIPI); Ms. M.Atmowidjojo and Mr. S. Sudargo (former and present Heads, respectively, of the Bureau of Science and Technology Cooperation, LIPI); Ms. D. Soenarijadi and Ms. E. T. S. Marpaung (former and present Heads, respectively, of the Division of Inter-Institutional Cooperation, LIPI) and their staff members. We thank the following persons for their encouragement, for giving their staff an opportunity to join our project and for permission to use their facilities: Drs. S. Wirjoatmodjo and A. Budiman (former and present Directors, respectively, of Puslitbang Biologi, LIPI); Mr. M. Amir and Dr. S. N. Prijono (former and present Heads, respectively, of Balitbang Zoologi, Puslitbang Biologi, LIPI), Drs. Suhirman and D. Darnaedi (former and present Heads, respectively, of Indonesian Botanic Gardens, 315

LIPI) and Mr. Soejono (Head of Purwodadi Botanic Garden, LIPI), Drs. H. J. Kamil and M. Rahman (former and present Rectors, respectively, of Andalas University); Drs. Z. Zaini, R. E. Soenarjo, A. Taher and Z. lamid (former. and present Directors, respectively, of BPTP Sukarami); and Drs. A. N. Gintings and Sunaryo (former and present Directors, respectively, of Puslitbang Hutan dan Konservasi Alam). We are also grateful to: Dr. S. Riswan (Balitbang Botani, Puslitbang Biologi, UPI); Drs. S. Sastrodihardjo, I. Ahmad and A. D. Permana (Institut Teknologi Bandung); Drs. S. Sosromarsono, S. Manuwoto, B. Sryobroto and S. Tjitrosemito (Institut Pertanian Bogor) for their encouragement; Drs. S. Kawamura and R. Ohgushi (team leaders of the FBRT Project, JICA) and Dr. A. Bakar and Mr. A. Salsabila (Heads of SNSC of Andalas University) for their support of our study in Padrng; Messrs. S. Takahashi and H. Uehara (former and present team leaders, respectively, of the conservation Project, JICA); Messrs. T. Igarashi, H. Furukawa, T. Kato, K. Abe, N. Ishikawa, S. Nishimura and K. Mizuno (Jakarta Residence, Center for Southeast Asian Studies of Kyoto University); Dr. K. Matsumoto (Forestry and Forest Products Research Institute); Dr. A. Naito, Dr. H. Sawada and Mr. H. Kobayashi (JICA experts) and their families, and to Mr. Y. Musashino and Ms. J. Aziz for supporting our research in Indonesia. Finally, we wish to warmly acknowledge the late Drs. S. F' Sakagami and T. Inoue, whose continuous inspiration dated back to the preparatory phase ofthis project. This study was caried out with the permission of Lembaga Ilmu Pengetahuan Indonesia (LIPI), and was funded partly by Grants-in-Aid for International Scientific Research from the Ministry of Education, Science, Sports and Culture ofJapan to KN (Nos. 02041033,05041086,08041141), partly by a Ministry scholarship, partly by the Ronpaku (Dissertation Ph.D.) program of the Japanese Society for the Promotion of Science, and partly by the INpEX Foundation.

Koji NaxauuRA and Haruo KATAKURA

REFERENCES

Inoue, T. & Nakamura, K. 1990. Physical and biological background for studies in Sumatra..Iz: sakagami, s. F., ohgushi, R. & Roubik, D. w. (eds.), Nanral History of social wasps and Bees in Equatorial Swnatra, L-Il. Hokkaido University Press, Sapporo. ------Salmah, S. & Abbas, I., L993. Population dynamics of in unpredictably -& changing tropical envfuonments. J. Biosciences 18: 425-455. Nakagawa, M., Tanaka, K., Nakashizuka, T., Ohkubo, T., Kato, T., Maeda, T., Sato, K., Miguchi, H., Nagamasu, H., Ogino, K., Teo, S., Hamid, A. A. & ke, H. S., 2000. Impact of severe drought associated with the 1997-1998 El Niflo in a tropical forest in Sarawak. J. Trop. Ecol.16:355-367. 31,6

List of Publications t99r Ito, F. Preliminary report on queenless reproduction in a primitive ponerine ant Amblyopone sp' (reclinata group) in West Java, Indonesia. Psyche 98:.319-322' trEt4# tst4.1H6fl+T0)#Morphp. t znl-fs < H friEfr offi+F l:?L\T. ffi6fl+effi+*a#'18: 1- 3. [Nishida, T. On the analysis of reproductive success and natural selection measured in wild populations. Soc. Popul. Ecol. Newsletters 48: 1-3.]

1992 Kato, M., Salmah, S. & Nagamitsu, T. 1.992. Colony cycle and foragaing activity of a tropical- montane bumblebee, Bombus rufipes (, Apidae) in Southeast Asia. /n: Nakamura, K' & Katakura, H. (eds.), Evolutionary Biology and Population Dynamics of Herbivorous Lady Beetles in Indonesia, pp. 80-90. Mizoiri, S., Nakamura, K. & Ito, F. Ant effects on larvae of the phytophagous ladybird beetle Epilachna vigintiopunctata. ,Iz: Nakamura, K. & Katakura, K. (eds), Op. Cit., pp' 33-34. Nakamura, K., Kahono, S. & Astuti, D. L992. Seasonal fluctuation in population size and mortality of the phytophagous lady beetle, Epilachna sp. 3 (aff. emarginata) in Bogor, West Java. In: Nakamura, K. & Katakura, H. (eds.), Op. Cit.,pp.34-44. Nishida, T. A measure of sexual selection for interspecific comparisons of species with diversified mating systems and different mortality schedules. Res. Popul. Ecol.34:373-382. Noerdjito, W. A., Ito, F. & Nakamura, K., Effects of ants on larvae of the tortoise beetle Aspidomorpha sanctaecrucis (Chrysomelidae) on a shrubby morning glory. In: Nakamura, K. & Katakura, H. (eds.), Op. Cit.,pp.67-70.

1993 Inoue, T., Nakamura, K., Salmah, S. & Abbas, I. Population dynamics of animals in unpredictably- changrng tropical environments. J. Biosciences l8: 425-455. Ito, F. Observation of group recruitment to prey in a primitive ponerine ant Amblyopone sp' (reclinata group) (Hymenoptera: Formicidae)' Insectes Soc. 40: 163-167 ' --. Social organization in a primitive ponerine ant: queenless reproduction, dominance hierarchy and functional polygyny in Amblyopone sp. (reclinata group) (Hymenoptera: Formicidae: ). J. Nat. Hist. 27: 1315-1324. Functional monogyny and dominance hierarchy in the queenless ponerine ant Fachycondyla sp. in west Java, Indonesia (Hymenoptera: Formicidae: Ponerinae). Ethology 95:126-L40. Nakamura, K., Noerdjito, W A. & Aswari, P. Life table parameters of Indonesian tortoise beetles under laboratory conditions. 1z: Jolivet, P., Petitpiere, E. & Cox, M. L. (eds), Novel Aspects of the Biology of Chrysometidae,573-578. Kluwer Academic Publications, Dordrecht, The Netherlands. Nishida, T. The intensity of sexual selection for interspecific comparison: A reply to Kasuya. Res. Popul. Ecol. 35: 257 -259. +f{'A- **ffi13*ilt6E$,0)&ffiq.e'fE6f,+91ffi. #F 63:802-810. [Nakamura, K. Life historv List of publications 3t7

and population dynamics of insects in the tropics. Kngaku 63: 802-310.] M&EgtVrLMryraEAFhffi. iEFJ#E6f* 91tu/c6otrr*,11oB (RHffif tr), sz-ss. #E#H +t [Nakamura, K. Herbivores and self-defense of plants in the tropics. ln: Syulun Asahi Hyakka (fropical Rainforests II), no. 1L0, 52-55. Asahi Shinbunsha] 7v ts). Efll#EFfl fitWlcBot8r*,118€ (8fi8 .* HHrI), 294-295. #EffiHtt [Nakamura, K. Sumatra. In: Syukan Asahi Hyakka (Remote Islands and Tropical High Mountains), no. 118, 294-295. Asahi Shinbunsha.] Hft*fc*"'lj 6++rJaElt tfErH. Ht ZAg 22: l0-17. [Nakamura, K. Life history and interactions between animals and plants in tropical rainforests. Konlqo to Kogai 22: LO-I7.l

1994

Aoki, J', Takaku, G. & Ito, F. Aribatidae, a new myrmecophilous oribatid mite family from Java. Internat. J. Acarol. 20:3-L0. Hasyim, A', Hasan, N., Syafril, Herlion & Nakamura, K. Parasitoids of the banana sktpper Erionota thrax (L.) in Sumatera Barat, Indonesia, with notes on their life history, distribution and abundance. Tiopics 3: L3l-L42. Ito, F. & Ohkawara, K. Spermatheca size differentiation between queens and workers in primitive ants: relationship with reproductive structure of colonies. Naturwissenschaften 81: 138-140. & Takaku, G. Obligate myrmecophily in an oribatid mite: novel symbiont of ant nest in Oriental tropics. Naturwissenschaften 81: 180-182. Katakura, H., Nakano, S., Hosogai, T, & Kahono, S. Female intemal reproductive organs, modes of sperm hansfer, and phylogeny of Asian Epilachninae (Coleoptera, Coccinellidae).J. Nat Hist ?8:577-583. - , Saitoh, S., Nakamura, K. & Abbas, L Multivariate analysis of elytral spot patterns in the phytophagous ladybird Epilachna vigintioctopunctata (Coleoptera, Coccinellidae) in the Province of Sumatera Barat, Indonesia. Zool. Sci. 11.: 889-894. Nakamura, K., Noerdjito, W. A. & Hasyim, A. Regional difference and seasonality of rainfall in Java, with special reference to Bogor. Tropics 4:93-103. Nishida, T. Determinants of lifetime reproductive success of individual males and females of a gregarious coreid bug, Colpula lativentris (; Coreidae). In: Jarman P. J. & Rossiter, A. (eds),Animal Societies, L47-t62. Kyoto University Press, Kyoto. Spatio-temporal variation of natural and sexual selection in breeding populations of the coreid bug, colpula lativentris (Heteroptra: coreidae). Res. popul. EcoI.16:209-218. y=o+HfrtJ*46lB€ffi. {tffiXfd lJ F7 >7 U Lytt Tropical Ecology Letters 15: 14. [Ito, F. Symbiotic interactions between a myrmecophilous oribatid and a myrmicine ant Myrmecina sp. in Indonesia. Tropical Ecology Letters 15: 14.] frHffiffi *HEEaffi4).[V. Tropical Ecology Letters 15: ll. [Katakura, H. Speciation of tropical insects. Tropical Ecology Letters 15: 11.] 4:lt*.AffiW*.R. Tropical Ecology Letters 1r5.IO. [Kimura, T. Geographical variations ^ffiEAin insect life history. Tropical Ecology Letters 15: 10.] +tfH- 4 >Fl->vavy)7> l-.tffiO4ffiq&{8il{A#9rffi. 4Mf+F46: 81-88. [Nakamura, K. Life history and population dynamics of Indonesian phytophagous ladybird beetles. Seibutsu Kagaku 46: 81-88.1 318 ffiElG# H,ffi7 i7 A*H@ffi+,f l:&BT 6fi>rt LrA-ffiMelamphaus faber. Tropical Ecolog Letters 15 12-14. [Nishida, T. Melamphaus'. faber, a phrrocorid bug inhabiting in tropical rainforest in South-East Asia. Tropical Ecology LetterslS: 9-17.] EHH& *Hl.JittAEfr{ffi6$ay4)'=r7: to7fitjt4. Tropical Ecology Letters 15: ll-12. 11-12.] [Sota, T. Dynamics of tropical insects: its predictability. Tropical Ecology Letters 15: E+'ffi- RHTfI$E AHg,.lt+L4M32:514-516. [Tanaka,S' Dormancyintropicalinsects' Chemistry and Biology 32:514-5L6.1 H,0);ffi6eftfl8. Tropical Ecology Letters L5: 9-10. [Tanaka, S. Development and diapause oftropical insects. Tropical Ecology Letters 15: 9-10']

1995 Kimoto, S., Noerdjito, W. A. & Nakamura, K. Cassidinae of Java (Insecta: Coleoptera: Chrysomelida e). Tropics 5: 101-1 14. Matsumoto, K., Erniwati, Ubaidillah, R. & Nakamura, K. Head capsule width of larva and duration of developmental stages of the banana skipper, Erionota thrax (l-epidoptera: Hesperiidae) in Bogor, Indonesia. Tropics 4: 247 -252. Nakamura, K., Pudjiastuti, L. E. & Katakura, H. Survivorship and fertility schedules of three phytophagous ladybird beetle species (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) under laboratory conditions in Bogor, West Java. Tropics 4:223-231. Sianturi, E. M. T., Sota, T., Kato, M., Salmah, S. & Dahelmi Nest structure, colony composition and foraging activity of a tropical-montane bumblebee, Bombus senex (Hymenoptera: Apidae) in West Sumatra. Jpn J. Ent. 63:. 657 -667. {Fffi;t#C, 7 t) at&M+ffiU+WJ t alFflffi-. EG 49: 26-30. [Ito, F. Feeding habits of ants and interactions with other organisms' Iden 49:-26-30.] 7t)@xt:TU99)y=. lt+24w33 :793-795. [Ito, F. An oribatid mite in ant nests. Kagatu to Seibutsu 33 793-795.1

| | y U z"*4 a ltffi+3 > F 4 >7 EY lir F 7 >7 ) L7 ) / 7+Jy ) =Ax+.. FEEilffi ' - (t&t*l|7UOffiE\73-89. +n1+.. [Ito, F. Symbiotic interactions between a myrmecophilous oribatid mite Aribates javensis and a myrmicine ant Myrmecina sp. in Indonesia' /r: Higashi' S. (ed), The Ecotogy of Symbiosis vol. 3 (The Earth is Planet of Ants), 73-89. Heibonsya, Tokyo.l

r996 Ito, F. Colony characteristics of an Indonesian myrmicine ant Myrmecina sp. (Hymenoptera, Formicidae, ): polygynous reproduction by ergatoid queens. Ann. Entomol. Soc- Am. 89: 550-554. yusoff, N. R. & Idris, A. N. Colony composition and queen behavior in polygynous colonies of oriental ponerine antOdontomachus rixosus (Hymenoptera, Formicidae). Insectes Soc.43:77-86' Nakata, K. & Tsuji, K. The effect of colony size on the conflict over male-production between gamergate and dominant workers in the ponerinae ant Diacamma sp. Ecol. Ethol. Evol.8:147-L56. Tsuji, K., Nakata, K. & Heinze, J. Lifespan and reproduction in a queenless ant. Naturwissen- schaften 83 577-578. E 434-4s3' H trEI6# t.x A rffi lr*jrta E f Efr &{tEft' ffiE), Alfit&#hffi+offiffi ' ^w#-- List of publications 319

A[t++?Ffrffi+, H#15. [Nishida, T. Natural and sexual selection in heteropteran bugs. .In: E. Kuno (ed.), Recent Developtnent of Insect Population Ecology, 434-453. Kyoto University Press, Kyoto.l

t997 Aoki, J. & Ito, F. A new species of oribatid mite collected from ant nests in Oriental tropics. J. Acarol. Soc. Jpn.6: IO7-1I2. Hirai, Y. & Kimura, M. T. Incipient reproductive isolation between two morphs of Drosophila elegans (Diptera: ). Biol. J. Linn. Soc.61: 501-513. Ito, F. Colony composition and morphological caste differentiation between ergatoid queens and workers in the ponerine ant reptogenys in oriental tropics. Ethol. Ecol. EvoI.9:335-343. Nakano, S., Nakamura, K. & Abbas, I. Survivorship and fertility schedules of a Sumatran phytophagous lady beetle, Epilachna enneasticta (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) under laboratory conditions. lppl. Ent Zool. 32: 317 -323. Nishida, T., Pudjiastuti,L.E' Nakano, S., Kahono, S., Nakamura, K. & Katakura, H. The eggplant beetle on a leguminous weed: host race formation in progress ? Tropics 7: IL5-121. Sota, T., Salmah, S. & Kato, M. Proboscis length and flower utilization of bumblebees from Sumatra and Java. Jpn. J. Ent. 65; 265-277. {fffiX#d /\U7 UMd]'t+A. EELB# 32: 22-25. [Ito, F. Social organization of ponerine ants. Insects and Nature 32:. 22-25.1 EHIG* Hf . ,ttitsfi&,lEl46# : fl[tLtc4',lEt6#itfE]fiL/eu\ottrr itr\? 84ffi# 47: r75-r78. [Nishida, T. Population consequences of natural and sexual selection: Why an isolated and small- sized population has persisted for a long time? Jpn J. Ecol.47 L75-178j t fEtr', {n#A#E, tfFIF*4 4 > F +- >7 *3 XLlv V- >7 E a7 r,7 | ) R s ffiaffiMttgr& :r tr : = -f€FEICF€3-6ffffiF!#€. l#21: 4-7. [Tsuji, K., Ito, F. & Ohakawara, K. A preliminary report on colony composition and foraging behavior in three species of genus Pristmyrmex in Indonesia and Malaysia. Ants 2l: 4-7.1 M+ntEB,a+ >t*r, /a2-H4E$it6#+&ffi+d)Eg-. hM#F 49: rzr-r24. - [Tsuji, K. Plant-insect interaction: new perspective of ecology in Japan. Seibutsu Kagaku 49: L2L- t24.1

1998 Billen, J. , Ito, F., Maile, R. & Morgan, D. E. The mandibular gland, probably the source of the alarm substance inLeptanilla sp. (Hymenoptera, Formicidae). Naturwissenschaften 85: 596-597. Ito, F. Colony composition and specialized predation on millipede in the enigmatic ponerine genus Probolotnyrme* (Hymenoptera, Formicid ae). Insectes Soc. 45: 79-83. & Billen, J. Larval heamolymph feeding and trophic egg feeding: behavior of queen and workers in an amblyoponiniantPrionopelta kraepelini.Belg. J. Zool.l28:201-209. Kobayashi, N., Tamura, K., Aotsuka, T. & Katakura, H. Molecular phylogeny of twelve species of Asian Epilachninae. Zool. Sci. 15: 147-L51,. Nakata, K., Tsuji, K., Hoelldobler, B. & Taki, A. Sexual calling by workers using metatibial glands in the ant, Diacamma sp. from Japan. -I. Insect Behavior |"l: 869-877. 320

Sota, T., Mogi, M. & Kato, K. Local and regional-scale food web structure it Nepenthes alata pitchers. Biotropica 30:. 82-91. Takaku, G. Descriptions of immature stages and male of Macrocheles hallidayi Walter and Krantz, L986 (Acari: Macrochelida e). J. Acarol Soc. Jpn. 7: 29-38' Terayama, M., Ito, F. & Gobin, B. Three new species of the genus Acanthomyrmex Emety (Hymenoptera, Formicidae) from Indonesia, with notes on the reproductive castes and colony composition. Entomol. Sci. l: 257 -264. Tsuji, K., Peeters, P., & Hoelldobler, B. Experimental investigation of the mechanism of reproductive differentiation in the queenless ant Diacamma sp. from Japan. Ethology 104: 633' 643. Wenseleers, T., Ito, F., Borm, S. van, Huybrechts, R., Volckaert, F. & Billen, J. Widespread occurrence of the microorganism Wolbachia in ants. Proc. R Soc. Lond. B 265 : 1447-1452. +f{i6- R#EH,0)4l6el{8il{6fl+9jffi : 4 2F4i7a&ffi$frfrh\6. frrl-Fffitfld: z-z tz?- 39: 1-6. [Nakamura, K. Life history and population dynamics of tropical insects: long-term study in Indonesia. Monbusho Overseas Scientific Research Newsletters 39: 1-6.]

1999 Billen, J., Gobin, B. & Ito, F. Fine structure of the postpygidal gland in Aenictus wmy ants. Acta Zool. 80: 307-310. Denlinger D. L. & Tanaka, S. Diapause. .In: Knobil, E, & Neil, J. D. (eds), Encyclopedia of Reproduction, 863-872. Academic Press, New York. Hirai, Y., Sasaki, H. and Kimura, M. T. Copulation duration and its genetic control in Drosophila elegans. Zool. Sci.L6:. 2tl-2L4. Ito, F. Male behavior and regulation of worker mating in the ponerine ant Pachycond'yla (Bothroponera) sp. (Hymenoptera : Formicidae). J. Iwect Behav.12:193-198- Kahono, S, Nakamura, K. & Amir, M. Seasonal migration and colony behavior of the tropical honey bee Apis dorsata F. (Hymenoptera: Apidae)' Tieubia 3l 285-299. Kikuta, N. & Tsuji, K. Queen and worker policing in the monogynous and monandrouS ant, Diacamrna sp. Behav. Ecol. Sociobiol. 46: 180-189. Noerdjito, W. A. & Nakamura, K. Population dynamics of the two species of tortoise beetles, Aspidomorpha miliaris and A. sanctaecrucis (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae: Cassidinae) in East Java, Indonesia. 1.. Seasonal changes in population size and longevity of adult beetles. Tropics 8: 409-425. Pudjiastuti, L. E., Kahono, S. & Nakamura, K. Study on the spot patterns and the population dynamics of a herbivorous ladybird beetle Epilachna vigintioctopunctata (Fabricius) (Coccinellidae: Epilachninae) in the Bogor Botanic Garden. BuI. Kebun Raya Ind.9: 35-42. Schoeters E, Ito, F., Miyata, H. & Billen, J. Aberrant venom glands in Amblyoponini (Formicidae, Ponerinae): morphology, ultrastructure and histochemistry.Acta Zool.80:3-9' Shirai, Y. & Katakura, H. Host plants of the phytophagous ladybird beetle, Epilachna vigintioctopunctata (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae), in Southeast Asia and Japan' Appl. Entomol. ZooI- 34:75-83. Sultana, F., Kimura, M. T. & Toda, M. J. Anthophilic Drosophila of the elegans species-subgroup List of publications 321

from Indonesia, with description of a new species (Diptera: Drosophilidae). Entomot. Sci.2: l2l- 126. Tsuji, K., Egashira, K. & Hoelldobler, B. Regulation of worker reproduction by direct physical contact in the ant Diacemma sp. from Japan. Animal Behau. 58:337-343. ffi#E*.4>tst-t7Lffi*H-iH#O:rtu+artllftH.TropicalEcologyLetters35:24. [Arai, T. Larval development of crickets in Indonesia, subtropical and temperate areas. Tropical Ecology Letters 35:.24.1 Erniwati tryr'7i{{,$:f-rrEilll*ilJ6/Y-)-ttuatffiffiHg1ffi. Tropicat Ecology Letters 35: 21. [Erniwati Population dynamics of phytophagous ladybird beetles in Java. Tropical Ecologt Letters 35: 21.1 t) {Fffi;f(fre Hffi71707 a< 6L (1). fi:i'- )vffivJwo7 t). 4 >-b2t t) )a36:314-319. [rto, F Bionomics of ants in Southeast Asian Tropics (1). Ant fauna in the Bogor Botanic Garden, Indonesia. Insectariutn 36: 314-319.1 Kahono, S. 2*VI"t:U6A*t*i> l-, Arat4ffi##Jffi. Tiopical Ecology Letters 35 21. [Kahono, S. Population dynamics of phytophagous ladybird beetles in Java. Tropical Ecology Letters 35:21.1 hBfrEffi, + BIre, S. Kahono 4 > F 4 > r tax.ttJ av y, 7 > t-, a *tftl* & AHt+E{t . Tropicat Ecology Letters 34:3-7. [Katakura, H., Nakano, s. & Kahono, S. Diversity and host plant specificity of epilachnine ladybird beetles in Indonesia. Tropical Ecology Letters 34:3-7.l flH4 >F4>yafHA{S77 l-.tAr}.ift 6ft7 t) aGH.Tiopical Ecology Letters 3S:22. [Mizoiri, S. Effects of ants to the mortality of Indonesian phytophagous lady beetles. Tropical Ecology Letters 35: 22.f +tfi6- 4 >F4>yr,lJ3l't6fiHA{$Eg,o{H46#9rffi : *&r). Tiopical Ecology Letters 35 22. [Nakamura, K. Population dynamics of phytophagaous insects in Indonesia: an overview. Tropical Ecology Letters 35:22.1 *HffAgttgf+nagtf. E/tM'L'&#ff 49: 20L-215. [Nakamura, K. Dynamics of - animals and plants in unpredictably changing tropical environments. Jpn. J. Anim. Psychol. 49: 20r-2rs.) +gt E 4 >Fi>7tct rJ6?y)7>trffia&H{+4,8eiEffiFM E:urr. EE2E?*14:24- 27. [Nakano, S. Host plant specificity and closely related populations of epilachnine UayUirA beetles in Indonesia. Insects and Nature 34:24-27.I > ls?.771:*iIJ6&#+\7>I-,rA>a+lt*.t&'lM}fV, Tropical Ecotogy Letters 35: 20-21. [Nakano, S. Evolution of life history and food plant preference in Indonesian phytophagous ladybird beetles. Tropical Ecology Letters 35:20-2Ll EHI6# +fr All*Htrrn t fi t, L> afffif6#lc to& i ttHE& 5 L6.ht ? Tropical Ecology Letters 35:23' [Nishida, T. How predation affected a population of a tropical phnocorid bug? Tropical Ecology Letters 35l. 23.1 --, :r-)Vffi.rytWrc*..|JAfiHA,tt,lr7r.*Ay&ffiA{trFr/l tLt o>fifDlaffiffi. EELBf* 34 : 1'9-23. [Nishida, T. Curious interactions between phytophagous- and predacious pyrrhocorid bugs in Bogor Botanic Gardens, Indonesia. Insects and Nature 34 19-23.) ,tiFl*k+f 4 >FZ-r7Ic$If by><)\U7t) Pachucondyla (Ectomomyrmex) astuta o+l+f8 &y-i-ffilRlfl1-rfuI:-=vtT. Tropical Ecology Letters 35:23-24. [Ohkawara, K. Social 322

organization and dominant-subordinate interactions among workers of Pachucondyla ( Ectomomyrrnex ) astuta in Indonesia. Tropical Ecology Letters 35:. 23-24'l t fEf faldw-F*-q^a+taf1v,LfF'-.186|#4fF*+#56: L3-20. [Tbuji, K. Red queen bees - social insects and decease. Soc. Popul. Ecol. Newsletters 56: 13-20'] g|] tiffi Tuorrr:-*i&LNffrffi:r$#,>7\7\. E^hffi#*EE 49: L93-2O0. [Tsuji, K. & Liu, Z. Colony and kin recognition systems in ants. Jpn. J. Ecol. 49:. 193-2O0'l -,

2000 Billen, J., Ito, F., TSuji, K., Schorter, E., Malie, R. & Morgan, D. E. Structure of the Dufour gland in Pristomyrmex ants (Hymenoptera, Formicidae). Acta Zool. 8l: L59-166. ---, ---, & Bolton, B. (2000) Femoral and tibial glands in the ant genus Strumigenys (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). Belg. J. Zool. 130:111-115. Ito, F. & Ohkawara, K. (200X). Production and behavior of ergatoid queens in two species of the Indonesian ponerine genus (diminura group). (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) ..Ann. Entomol. Soc. Arn. (in press) Kobayashi, N,, Shirai, Y., Tsurusaki, N., Tamura, K., Aotsuka, T. & Katakura, H. TwO cryptic "species" of the phytophagous ladybird beetle Epilachna vigintioctopunctata detected by the analyses of mitochondrial DNA and karyotypes, and crossing experiments. Zool. Sci. 17: 1159- 1166. Liu,2., Yamane, So., Tsuji, K., & Zheng, Z. M. Nestmate recognition and kin recognition in ants.

Entomologia Sinica 7 : 7 l-96. Maile, R., Jungnickel, H., Morgan, E. D., Ito, F. & Billen, J. Secretion of the venom and Dufour glands in the ant Leptogenys diminuta (Hymenoptera; Formicidae). J' Chem. Ecol. 26: 2497- 2506. Shirai, Y. & Katakura, H. Adaptation to a new host plant, Centrosetna pubescens (Fabales: Irguminosae), by the phytophagous ladybird beetle, Epilachna vigintioctopunctata (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae), in tropical Asia. Popul. Ecol. 42: 129-134. Suzuki Y. & Thnaka, S. Environmental control of nymphal development and diapause in three subtropical populations of acricke! Mdicogrytfus corfirmarrus Walker (Orttroptera : Grynrdae). hnnol,ff 3: (in press)' {nffiltfnd F]ffi7 i7 a7 t) a < 6 t' Q). ) r + r-J /\ U 7 Uffi.aLffi. 4 >Z 2 t U t A 37 : 54-s9 - [Ito, F. Bionomics of ants in Southeast Asian Tropics (2). Biology of a ponerine ant.tribe Amblyoponini . Insectarium 37 : 54-59.1 *ffi7r7O7t)O<61, (3). /\7ul\u7uwabffi. 4 >Zr?t))a37:54-59. [Ito, - F. Bionomics of ants in Southeast Asian Tropics (3). Biology of a ponerine ant genus Leptogenys. Insectarium 37: 54-59 .] frffi,7r7a7 t)o< bl' Q). tJ F7'/7Uo+lc'fiil9+Jt y=. 4 >Z2t U )A 37: - 404-410. [Ito, F. Bionomics of ants in Southeast Asian Tropics (4) Biology of myrmecophilous orbatid mites in nest of Myrmecina ants' Insectarium 37: 404-4L0.1 t ffl#. tHgJD&t effiHta+L ofrEffiffi-7t)t *iWAFgEffLfi U>>r. EE54:72-76- afis. Iden 54:72'76.1 lTsuji, K. Policing - the mechanism regulating cooperative society rn t) +gt iE, +fflg-,H€16&E *ffiolv yt7>tsvf{a+ffi. 4 >-z2t )a37:208-212' [Nakano, S., Nakamura, K. & Katakura, H. Ecology of Asian phytophagous ladybird beetles' Insectarium List of publications 323

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2001 Ito, F. Specialized predation on arthropod eggs in a Myrmicine ant calyptomyr^", sp. (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) in the Oriental Tropics. Tropics l0: 405-407. , Yamane, Sk., Eguchi, K., Noerdjito, W. A., Kahono, S., Tsuji, K., Ohkawara, K., yamauchi, K., Nishida, T. & Nakamura, K Ant species diversity in the Bogor Botanic Garden, West Java, Indonesia, with description of two new species of genus Leptanilla (Hymenoptera, Formicidae). Tropics lO:379-4O4- Kahono, S., Tokunaga, M., Kimura, M. T., Nakamura, K. & Katakura, H. Diapause and tolerance to extreme temporatures in tropical, subtropical and temperate populations of the ladybird beetle Epilachna vigintioctopunctata. Tropics 10: 363-368. Kamata, N., Dahelmi, Erniwati, Nakamura, K. & Schaffer, P. W. Three tropical Lymantria spp. attracted by (+)-disparlure, the synthetic sex pheromone of the gypsy moth: moth abundance, seasonality, and trap lure effectiveness. Tropics L0 : 473-480. Katakura, H., Nakano, s., Kahono, S., Abbas, I. & Nakamura, K. Epilachnine ladybird beetles (Coleoptera, Coccinellidae) of Sumatra and Java. Tropics l0:325-352. Kimura, M. & Hirai, Y. Daily activity and teritoriality of. Drosophila elegans in Sukarami, West Sumatra, Indonesia. Tropics 10: 489-495. Nakamura, K., Kahono, S., Hasan, N., Abbas, Nakano, S., Koji, S., Hassyim, A,, Astuti, D. & Syafril, Long-term dynamics of phytophagous lady beetle populations under different climate conditions in Sumatra and Java, Indonesia. Tropics l0: 427 -448. Nakano, S., Katakura, H., Abbas, L, Kahono, S. & Nakamura, K. oviposition patterns of Asian phytophagous ladybird beetles (Coleoptera, Coccinellidae, Epilachninae). hopics lO 353-362. ------, Nakamura, K. & Abbas, I. Survivorship and fertility schedules of a non-pest phytophagous lady beetle, Epilachna pyrlzo (Coleoptera, Coccinellidae) under laboratory conditions. Tropics lO: 369-377. Nishida, T., Nakamura, K. & W. A. Noerdjito Population dynamics of an isolated population of the tropical pyrrhocorid bug, Melamphaus faber, feeding on seeds of Hydnocarprrs trees and the specialist predator, Raxa nishidai in Bogor, west Java, Indonesia. Tropics lo:449-46L. Ohkawara, K. Effects of two army ants species, Dorylus laevigatus and Pheidologeton ffinis, on seed survival and germination in bird-dispersed plant Dysorylum alliaceum. Tropics tO:421,-425. Sakai, c., Subiakto, A., Kahono, S., Kamata, N. & Nakamura, K. Lepidopterous insects found in the nursery ofthe four species ofthe genus Shorea in Bogor, Indonesia. Tropics 10:481-488. Sota, T., Nakano, S., Hasan, N., Hasyim, A., Syafril & Nakamura, K. Fluctuation in the abundance of terrestrial at an arabic field in West Sumatran highland. Tropics 1:O 463-472. Takaku, G. Macrochelid mites (Acari: Macrochelidae: Macrocheles, Holostaspella) associated with scarabaeid beetles in Sumatra, Indonesia. Tropics tO:497-507. Tsuji, K., Ohkawara, K. & Ito, F. Inter-nest relationship in the Indonesian ant, Myrmecina sp. A with some considerations for the evolution of unicoloniality in ants. Tropics lO: 4O9-420.