DOCSLIB.ORG

Laser Beam Welding of Mixed Material Joints 38

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Laser Beam Welding of Mixed Material Joints 38 FRAUNHOFER INSTITUTE FOR MATERIAL AND BEAM TECHNOLOGY IWS DRESDEN ANNUAL REPORT 2010 www.iws.fraunhofer.de FRAUNHOFER INSTITUTE FOR MATERIAL AND BEAM TECHNOLOGY IWS ANNUAL REPORT 2010 Fraunhofer IWS Annual Report 2010 1 PREFACE Today’s technology is tomorrow’s bread – today’s science is tomorrow’s technology. Richard von Weizsäcker The economic crisis still shaped the beginning of 2010. A significant improvement of the eco- nomic climate during the second half of the year, however, led to record industrial revenues for the Fraunhofer IWS. A 10 % growth was achieved with about 8.5 million euros. The simul - taneously increased acquisition of publicly funded projects contributed to an extraordinarily successful 2010 business year. A production technology project addressing the fabrication of lithium ion batteries presents an outstanding example of IWS efforts, which are shared by several departments. Another interest- ing challenge being addressed in the field of energy production is a project to break up natural gas into hydrogen and carbon by using solar power. The country of Qatar and the State of Saxony are co-sponsoring this project. Her royal highness, Sheikha Mozah Bint Nasser Al Missned, personally signed the agreement during a visit in Germany. Since 2009, the Fraunhofer IWS has performed several larger projects in the field of energy research. One of the very successful efforts addresses energy efficiency improvements by reducing friction losses. In this project the IWS is partnering with the University of Technology (TU Dresden) under the coordination of BMW. The institute has clearly increased its engagement in energy relevant research; however 2010 also saw plenty of traditional IWS strengths in commercializing in-house developed technolo- gies. A successful industrial implementation always marks a highlight for the IWS as well as the Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft. This report will present some examples. In 2010 the IWS further strengthened its scientific collaboration with the TU Dresden and additional research institutions in Dresden such as the Leibniz and Helmholtz institutes. These efforts are coordinated within the DRESDEN-concept initiative. It appears that the economic crisis is resolving. Industry inquiries for R&D services are increasing and government project solicitations are on the rise as well. The Fraunhofer IWS is well posi- tioned. We expect a substantial growth for 2011 and are starting the year positively. Eckhard Beyer Fraunhofer IWS Annual Report 2010 3 CONTENTS NEWS FROM THE FRAUNHOFER IWS PREFACE 3 CONTENTS 4 HIGHLIGHTS OF 2010 6 NEWS FROM THE BOARD OF TRUSTEES 10 INSTITUTE PROFILE 12 CORE COMPETENCES 12 INSTITUTE IN NUMBERS 14 ORGANIZATION AND CONTACTS 16 NEWS FROM BUSINESS FIELDS ABLATION AND CUTTING 18 THE LASER AS A TOOL FOR CUTTING AND MICRO PROCESSING JOINING 34 NEW JOINING TECHNOLOGIES FOR METALLIC AND NON-METALLIC MATERIALS SURFACE TREATMENT 46 COMPREHENSIVE MATERIALS, PROCESS AND SYSTEM TECHNICAL APPROACH 4 Fraunhofer IWS Annual Report 2010 THERMAL COATING 58 SYMBIOSIS BETWEEN COATINGS TECHNOLOGY AND MATERIALS KNOW-HOW ATMOSPHERIC PRESSURE CVD COATING TECHNOLOGY 68 NEW TECHNOLOGIES IMPROVE FUNCTIONALITY OF SURFACES PVD VACUUM COATING TECHNOLOGY 82 NOVEL COATINGS SYSTEMS EXPAND APPLICATION SPECTRUM NETWORKS, NAMES, DATES PRICES AND HONOURS 2010 98 NETWORKS 100 THE FRAUNHOFER-GESELLSCHAFT 101 CONNECTION TO THE TU / DRESDEN-CONCEPT 102 DIZEEFF 104 DOC / PCW 106 CCL 108 NANO / LIFT 110 FRAUNHOFER GROUP ”LIGHT & SURFACES” 112 SPECIAL EVENTS 114 PUBLICATIONS 116 ADDRESS AND DIRECTIONS 121 Fraunhofer IWS Annual Report 2010 5 HIGHLIGHTS OF 2010 ENERGY RESEARCH AT THE FRAUNHOFER IWS RESEARCH COOPERATION WITH QATAR FOR SOLAR THERMAL HYDROGEN PRODUCTION Innovations in energy research are more important than ever to secure the future for the economy and society. The The first joint research project between the Fraunhofer- Fraunhofer IWS considers it a priority to work on the imple- Gesellschaft and the Qatar Science & Technology Park (QSTP) mentation of modern energy technologies. In 2010 the IWS began on September 30th 2010. The project’s objective is to acquired energy related research projects from industrial and develop a climate neutral process producing hydrogen and government funding sources worth 5 million euros. These carbon particles using solar energy. QSTP and Fraunhofer IWS projects aim at improving energy conversion, storage and effi- are jointly developing a novel solar reactor that applies con- ciency. In addition, the institute invested 1 million euros of centrated sunlight to break up methane into hydrogen and internal funds in basic energy research and technology devel- carbon particles. This process substantially contributes to opment. Two particularly important projects will be discussed reduce CO2 emissions. here. Another article describing the DRESDEN-concept initi- ated DIZEeff project follows on pages 104 / 105. PRODUCTION TECHNOLOGY DEMONSTRATION CENTER FOR LITHIUM ION BATTERY CELL FABRICATION – DELIZ The collaborative research project DeLIZ (project funding identifier 02P02640) was started in 2010. The collaboration includes researchers from Fraunhofer IWS, TU Dresden and TU Munich. The team researches the process chain of manu- facturing lithium ion battery cells. Novel solutions are sought to enable cost efficient high volume manufacturing, efficient quality control systems and innovative fabrication methods with the goal to rapidly transfer the technologies to produc- DRESDEN’S CONFERENCE “FUTURE ENERGY” tion. Research foci include the energy efficient coating of electrodes in roll-to-roll processes, the cost efficient manu- The conference “Future Energy” will be held in Dresden facturing, the automation of handling and cell fabrication, the from May 11th - 13th 2011. The Fraunhofer IWS and the TU setting of individual foils and the joining of foil packages with Dresden will jointly present research results which will include minimal contact resistance as well as the fabrication of stable those projects discussed above. Representatives from politics, Al-Cu contacts for the packaging of individual cells. All areas science and industry are invited and they will be presenting require the development of concepts, technologies and sys- their results, products and experiences in energy conversion, tems. First results are presented on pages 78 / 79. storage and efficient utilization. Additional information can be found at: http://www.zukunftenergie-dresden.de Fraunhofer IWS Annual Report 2010 7 HIGHLIGHTS OF 2010 2 THE FIFTH LASER-BASED CUTTING MACHINE FOR FLEXIBLE REPAIR OF JET ENGINE COMPONENTS BY LASER AIRBAGS WAS TRANSFERRED TO INDUSTRY POWDER BUILDUP WELDING USING IWS COMPONENTS Fraunhofer IWS engineers in collaboration with the company Together with the machine manufacturer Arnold, IWS engi- Held Systems Deutschland GmbH have developed a compact neers implemented a new automated precision laser buildup system for the flexible laser cutting of airbag material. In 2010 welding system for the repair of engine components (Fig. 2). another unit was transferred to an industrial customer for pro- The customer is MTU Aero Engines in Munich. The system duction duty. The company Autoliv Poland Restraint Systems is contains an optical geometry detection unit that determines the largest manufacturer for automotive safety components in the location and given surface conditions of the damaged the world. The advantage of the highly productive system is part. Based on the data, special software calculates the opti- the constant quality of the insert cut, which is cut out from an mal buildup welding strategy. Immediately after calculation up to 3 m wide material strip, and its higher throughput com- the buildup welding process is performed with an accuracy pared to the conventional multilayer cutting process. of a tenth of a millimeter using IWS COAXn series powder nozzles. An IWS developed process control system provides an HANDOVER OF A ROBOT BASED LASER SYSTEM FOR important contribution to quality control. The system has been HARDENING AND BUILDUP WELDING OF TOOLS used in high volume production since September of 2010. An application example is the repair of blade tips, which is per- In 2010 a robot based laser system to process cutting and formed at 30 % reduce processing time. forming tools was implemented at Audi AG in Ingolstadt (Fig. 1). The laser hardening and buildup welding system was SECOND SYSTEM IMPLEMENTED IN INDUSTRY FOR THE developed jointly with KUKA Roboter GmbH. The machine is LARGE AREA PRECISION COATING OF X-RAY OPTICAL especially adapted to build new, and repair existing, tools for COMPONENTS car body making. The Fraunhofer IWS delivered special system components for beam shaping, process control and powder The refraction and reflection of EUV or x-ray radiation requires feed as well as modules for the assembly of the robot hand. specially coated surfaces. IWS engineers worked very closely The engineers also determined process parameters for the dif- with Saxony’s Roth & Rau Micro-Systems GmbH to develop ferent applications and coordinated the startup of the process and implement an appropriate system design tailored to the control systems. special requirements of an industrial customer (Fig. 3). The system includes 6 coating sources, which makes it especially productive. Substrates of up to 680 mm can be handled. The system is used for the coating of EUV or x-ray optical compo- nents in analytical tools for medical application. A future use in lithographic systems
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Reconditioning of Aluminium Engines Reconditioning of Aluminium Engine Blocks Impressum
    Service Tips & Information Reconditioning of Aluminium Engines Reconditioning of Aluminium Engine Blocks Impressum MSI Motor Service International. Und was dahinter steckt. Die MSI Motor Service International GmbH ist die Vertriebsorganisation für die weltweiten Aftermarket-Aktivitäten der KOLBENSCHMIDT PIERBURG AG. Unter den Premium-Marken KOLBEN- SCHMIDT, PIERBURG und TRW liefern wir ein umfassendes, bedarfsgerech- tes Sortiment von Produkten im und am Motor. Den Werkstätten und Moto- reninstandsetzern stehen Motorkom- ponenten für über 2000 verschiedene Motoren zur Verfügung. Alle Produkte erfüllen den hohen Anspruch an Qualität, Wirtschaftlich- keit und Umweltschutz. Die KOLBENSCHMIDT PIERBURG AG als weltweit bedeutender Automobilzuliefe- rer entwickelt innovative Lösungen für Komponenten, Module und Systeme rund um den Motor für fast alle Hersteller. An 23 Fertigungsstandorten in Europa, Nord-und Südamerika sowie in China werden 11400 Mitarbeiter beschäftigt. Date 08.06 1. Edition Artikel-Nr. 50 003 804-02 ISBN 978-3-86522-197-1 Published by: © MSI Motor Service International GmbH Untere Neckarstraße 74172 Neckarsulm, Germany Editors: Alexander Schäfer Uwe Schilling Simon Schnaibel Technical Contributors: Reiner Holwein Johann Szopa Bernd Waldhauer Ullrich Zucker Dr. Eduard Köhler Willi Pröschle Graphical design: Uwe Schilling Simon Schnaibel Production: Margot Schneider Hela Werbung GmbH, Heilbronn Wir bedanken uns für die freundliche Unterstützung der KS Aluminium Technologie AG. This document must not be reprinted, duplicated or translated in full or in part without our prior written con- sent and without reference to the source of the material. All content including pictures and diagrams is subject to alteration. We accept no liability. 2 | Reconditioning of Aluminium Engine Blocks MSI Motor Service International Reconditioning of Aluminium Engine Blocks FOREWORD Aluminium engine blocks – the trend Since they were fi rst introduced, engines with aluminium engine blocks have continued to enjoy increasing popularity.
    [Show full text]
  • Alusil, Lokasil, Silitec, Diasil, Mercosil, ALBOND—These Sound
    Alusil, Lokasil, Silitec, DiASil, Mercosil, ALBOND—these sound like a foreign language, but they are all trade names or trademarks for what is generically known as hypereutectic aluminum, which is a new/old material for cylinder bore wear surfaces. Hypereutectic aluminum is both new and old. Its cousins, hypoeutectic and eutectic aluminum, have been used for pistons and connecting rods for a number of years. One of the earliest applications of hypereutectic aluminum was as the wear surface in an unlined cylinder in some Porsche engines in the 1960s. The 1971 Chevrolet Vega was the first true production automotive engine with a linerless hypereutectic aluminum cylinder bore as the wear surface. Despite the car’s reputation, the cylinder concept was ahead of its time. When properly finished, hypereutectic aluminum cylinder bores present a surface to the piston rings that is roughly equivalent to glass. The resulting engine has lower friction, excellent sealing, improved dimensional stability, improved heat dissipation, reduced weight, better recyclability, lower manufacturing cost and higher durability compared to the traditional aluminum block with cast iron cylinder liners. Aluminum Cylinder Evolution Since the first time gasoline burned and forced a piston down a cylinder, aluminum has been the metal of choice when light weight was the most critical requirement for an internal combustion engine. This is as true today as it was in 1902 when the Wright Brothers were unable to purchase a suitable commercial engine for their experimental airplane and instead built their own, casting the aluminum block. Automotive OEMs seized upon aluminum for the same reason and found manufacturing advantages, too, in that it is less costly to cast and easier to machine.
    [Show full text]
  • Metallurgical Abstracts (General and Non-Ferrous)
    METALLURGICAL ABSTRACTS (GENERAL AND NON-FERROUS) Volume 1 JUNE 1934 Part 6 I.—PROPERTIES OF METALS (Continued from pp. 225-230.) ♦Change in Properties of Deformed Polycrystalline [Aluminium] During Recovery [Erholung]. M. O. Kornfeld (Zhumal eksperimentalnoy i teoreti- cheskoy Fiziki (Journal of Experimental and Theoretical Physics), 1933, 3, (6), 563-566).—[In Russian.] Annealing of deformed polycrystalline aluminium in the region of “ pure recovery ” does not restore the original properties. The processes which take place during recovery lead to a highly stable con­ dition characterized by a yield-point higher than that of the original material due to the residual distortion of the lattice after recovery. Laue photo­ grams indicate that during recovery there is no noticeable shift in the boundaries between grains. It may therefore be concluded that any change in properties during recovery is determined mainly by processes taking place within the grain.—N. A. ♦On the Question of the Allotropic Transition of Bismuth at 75° C. Shin Tchi Aoyama and Gohei Monna (Sci. Rep. Tdhoku Imp. Univ., 1934, [i], 23, 52-61 [in English] ; and Kinzoku no Kenkyu, 1934, 11, 203-209 [in Japanese]). —Investigations by means of thermal analysis, thermal expansion, thermo- electromotive force, and oil dilatometry, indicate that the alleged allotropic transition of bismuth at 75° C. does not exist.—E. S. H. Preparation and Properties of Cadmium. Edmund T. Richards (Metall- borse, 1934, 24, 242-243).-—A review.—A. R. P. ♦The Electrolytic Valve Action of Columbium and Tantalum on A.C. Circuits. D. F. Calhane and A. J. Laliberte (Electrochem. Soc. Preprint, 1934, (April), 287-293).—Oscillograph records are given showing the film behaviour of tantalum and columbium in dilute sulphuric acid on a.c.
    [Show full text]
  • Research of Combined Rolling-Extrusion Process for Production of Long Deformed Semi-Finished Products from Aluminium Alloys of Various Alloying Systems
    RESEARCH OF COMBINED ROLLING-EXTRUSION PROCESS FOR PRODUCTION OF LONG DEFORMED SEMI-FINISHED PRODUCTS FROM ALUMINIUM ALLOYS OF VARIOUS ALLOYING SYSTEMS TABLE OF CONTENTS 1. CURRENT STATUS AND DEVELOPMENT TRENDS OF TECHNOLOGIES AND EQUIPMENT FOR COMBINED PROCESSING OF ALUMINIUM ALLOYS 1.1. METHODS AND TECHNOLOGIES FOR CONTINUOUS PROCESSING OF ALUMINIUM ALLOYS 1.2 ANALYSIS OF RESEARCH RESULTS FOR IDENTIFICATION OF DEFORMATION AND POWER PARAMETERS IN COMBINATION OF ROLLING AND EXTRUSION 1.3 SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR RESEARCH 1.4. CONCLUSIONS AND SETTING OF OBJECTIVES 2. SIMULATION AND ANALYTICAL STUDIES OF COMBINED ROLLING- EXTRUSION OF ALLUMINIUM ALLOYS 2.1. SIMULATION OF COMBINED ROLLING-EXTRUSION PROCESS 2.2. RESEARCH OF GEOMETRICAL SHAPE OF DEFORMATION ZONE AND FEASIBILITY OF ROLLING-EXTRUSION PROCESS 2.3. CHARACTERIZATION OF RHEOLOGICAL PROPERTIES OF EXPERIMENTAL ALUMINIUM ALLOYS 2.4. CALCULATION OF POWER PARAMETERS OF ROLLING-EXTRUSION 3. EXPERIMENTAL RESEARCH OF COMBINED ROLLING-EXTRUSION PROCESS 3.1 DESCRIPTION OF EQUIPMENT AND METHODS OF EXPERIMENTAL RESEARCH 3.2. RESULTS OF EXPERIMENTAL RESEARCH AND THEIR ANALYSIS 3.3. RESEARCH OF STRUCTURE AND PROPERTIES OF PRODUCTS MADE BY CRE (COMBINED ROLLING-EXTRUSION) METHOD OF EXPERIMENTAL ALLOYS 3.4. PRACTICAL APPLICATION OF RESEARCH RESULTS CONCLUSION REFERENCE LIST 2 INTRODUCTION High production volumes of long-length deformed semi-finished products of relatively small cross-section made of aluminum and its alloys (wire rods, bars and wire) have conditioned the creation of new technologies of combined processing with the use of continuous methods of casting and basic metal-forming operations which for production of the above-mentioned products are advisable to be applied as rolling and extrusion [1-4].
    [Show full text]
  • Engine Blocks
    Applications – Power train – Engine blocks Table of Contents 2 Engine blocks ......................................................................................................................... 2 2.1 Introduction ...................................................................................................................... 2 2.2 Requirements for aluminium engine blocks..................................................................... 4 2.3 Design features................................................................................................................ 6 2.3.1 Basic engine concept ................................................................................................ 6 2.3.2 Bolting concept.......................................................................................................... 8 2.3.3 Open and closed deck concepts ............................................................................... 9 2.4 Pre-cast features and add-on parts ................................................................................. 9 2.5 Cast-in inserts ................................................................................................................ 11 2.6 Criteria for alloy selection............................................................................................... 13 2.7 Alloys: Composition and heat treatment ........................................................................ 14 2.8 Applicable casting processes........................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Determining Features of Application of Functional
    Materials Science UDC 621.793:621.357.7 Проаналізовано підходи щодо застосуван- DOI: 10.15587/1729-4061.2019.171787 ня електрохімічних покривів в технологіях поверхневої обробки. Показано, що спрямова- не модифікування поверхні дозволяє розшири- DETERMINING FEATURES ти функціональні властивості оброблюваного матеріалу, зокрема підвищити показники міц- OF APPLICATION ності, зносостійкості, корозійної тривкості, каталітичної активності. OF FUNCTIONAL Запропоновано спосіб поверхневої обробки нелегованих сталей та чавунів шляхом фор- ELECTROCHEMICAL мування тонкоплівкових покривів тернарни- ми сплавами заліза та кобальту з молібденом COATINGS IN і вольфрамом. Показано, що введення туго- плавких металів до 37 ат. % в поверхневий шар призводить до зміни фазової структури TECHNOLOGIES OF покриття. Виявлено, що це забезпечує підви- щення зносостійкості на 40 %, мікротвердості SURFACE TREATMENT у 2,5–3,5 рази, а також зменшення коефіцієн- ту тертя в 3–4 рази порівняно з матеріалом A. Karakurkchi підкладки. Сформовані матеріали можуть PhD, Senior Researcher бути використані для зміцнення і захисту Department of General and Inorganic Chemistry* поверхонь в різних галузях промисловості. E-mail: [email protected] Для модифікування поверхні поршневих M. Sakhnenko силумінів запропоновано використовувати ме- Doctor of Technical Sciences, тод плазмово-електролітичного оксидуван- Professor, Head of Department ня із формуванням керамікоподібних покривів. Department of Physical Chemistry* Показано, що в гальваностатичному режимі M. Ved із лужних розчинів електролітів, що містять Doctor of Technical Sciences, Professor солі мангану та кобальту, можливо одержу- Department of General and Inorganic Chemistry* вати рівномірні щільні з високою адгезією до основного металу оксидні покриви, допова- I. Yermolenko ні каталітичними компонентами, вміст яких Doctor of Technical Sciences, Senior Researcher варіюється в межах 25–35 ат. %. Показано, що Research Laboratory* морфологія та фазова структура поверхневих S.
    [Show full text]
  • Reconditioning of Aluminium Engines Contents
    Reconditioning of Aluminium Engines Contents Page Chapter 1: General 3 1.1 Reasons for using aluminium cylinder blocks 3 1.2 Known brands of aluminium alloys for cylinder blocks 3 1.3 Vehicles/engines with aluminium cylinder blocks 3 1.4 Design details 3 1.5 Composite materials for cylinder liners. Aluminium/ cast iron 4 1.6 Use of Cr-coated piston rings 4 1.7 KS cylinder liners for Alusil engines 4 Chapter 2: Reconditioning an Alusil®cylinder block 5 2.1 Preparatory machining of the cylinder block 5 2.2 Installation of the Alusil 6 cylinder liner 2.2.1 Installation with dry ice 6 2.2.2 Installation with liquid nitrogen 6 2.2.3 Preheating of the cylinder block 6 2.2.4 Fitting the cylinder liner 7 2.3 Planing of the cylinder block 7 2.4 Prehoning, finish honing, polishing 8 2.5 Silicon lapping 8 2.6 Tables 9 Chapter 3: Reconditioning a Lokasil cylinder block based on the example of the Porsche Boxster engine 14 Chapter 4: Reconditioning the threads for the cylinder head bolts 16 Chapter 1: General 1.1 Reasons for using alumin- 1.3 Vehicles/engines with alu- 1.4 Design details ium engine blocks minium cylinder blocks Alusil: It has always been a challenge • Alusil base material is expensi- for engine designers to make, GALNIKAL / NIKASIL ve and difficult to machine due besides cylinder heads and pis- to the high silicon content tons, the entire cylinder block BMW • Boring the cylinder block is from aluminium without addition- 2.0 Litre 6 cylinders possible al cylinder liners or surface rein- 2.5 Litre 6 cylinders M52 • Oversized pistons are availa- forcements.
    [Show full text]
  • Employment Equity Act (55/1998): Public Register Notice 40996
    STAATSKOERANT, 21 JULIE 2017 No. 40996 111 Labour, Department of/ Arbeid, Departement van DEPARTMENT OF LABOUR NO. 715 21 JULY 2017 715 Employment Equity Act (55/1998): Public register notice 40996 REGISTER REGISTER NOTICE PUBLIC PUBLIC 1998) 1998) NO. NO. OF EMPLOYMENT EMPLOYMENT EQUITY ACT, ACT, 1998 (ACT 55 55 Schedule Schedule the the attached in in of of Oliphant, Oliphant, Minister Labour, Labour, publish Nelisiwe Nelisiwe Mildred Mildred 1, 1, Equity Equity Employment Employment of of of of Section the the 41 41 terms terms register register maintained in in hereto, hereto, the the that that submitted submitted have have of of of of designated employers 1998) 1998) (Act (Act Act, Act, 1998 55 55 No. No. Equity Equity Act, Act, of of Employment Employment Section Section the 21, 21, of of employment employment equity terms terms reports reports in in amended. amended. Act Act of of 1998 1998 55 55 No. No. as as OLIPHANT OLIPHANT MN MN MINISTER MINISTER LABOUR LABOUR OF OF o o 7 7,10/7 7,10/7 SASEREJISTRI SASEREJISTRI SOLUNTU ISAZISO ISAZISO (UMTHETHO (UMTHETHO YINOMBOLO KULUNGELELANISA KULUNGELELANISA INGQESHO, INGQESHO, 8) 8) ndipapasha ndipapasha uMphathiswa uMphathiswa wezabasebenzi, kule Iisiwe Iisiwe Oliphant, yeCandelo yeCandelo ngokwemiqathango ngokwemiqathango 41 41 apha apha irejista egcina shelwe shelwe oyiNombolo oyiNombolo ka-1998 ka-1998 (urnThetho yama- yama- ungelelanisa ungelelanisa iNgqesho, zokuLungelelanisa zokuLungelelanisa iingxelo iingxelo 'khundla 'khundla zabaqeshi abangenise abangenise wokuLungelelanisa wokuLungelelanisa yeCandelo yeCandelo IomThetho IomThetho 21, 21, emigaqo emigaqo tho tho oyiNombolo yama-55 ka-1998. ka-1998. ti r m z N CM Z =o 7) D * m N m M r/) m CO , o o V J `wZ Ó This gazette is also available free online at www.gpwonline.co.za 112 No.
    [Show full text]
  • Government Gazette Staatskoerant REPUBLIC of SOUTH AFRICA REPUBLIEK VAN SUID AFRIKA
    Government Gazette Staatskoerant REPUBLIC OF SOUTH AFRICA REPUBLIEK VAN SUID AFRIKA Regulation Gazette No. 10177 Regulasiekoerant March Vol. 633 29 2018 No. 41534 Maart PART 1 OF 6 ISSN 1682-5843 N.B. The Government Printing Works will 41534 not be held responsible for the quality of “Hard Copies” or “Electronic Files” submitted for publication purposes 9 771682 584003 AIDS HELPLINE: 0800-0123-22 Prevention is the cure STAATSKOERANT, 29 MAART 2018 No. 41534 65 List of designated employers who reported for the 01 September 2017 reporting cycle Description of terms: No: This represents sequential numbering of designated employers and bears no relation to an employer. (The list consists of 6069 large employers and 21094 small employers). Business name: This is the name of the designated employer who reported Status code: 0 means no query. EE Reference Number: This is the reference number of all employers who reported successfully. No Business Name Status Code EE Ref No: 1 0307 FILMS (PTY) LTD 0 821489 2 08600PLUMBER 0 817804 3 08XCONNECT COM 0 822716 4 1 UP DESIGN (PTY) LTD 0 813173 5 1 WAY 0 790271 6 1000 HILLS SPAR 0 786733 7 10X INVESTMENTS (PTY) LTD 0 817048 8 123 CONSULTING (PTY)LTD 0 823025 9 15 ON ORANGE HOTEL 0 813019 10 180 DEGREE DIGITAL PRINT CC 0 815011 11 180 DEGREES DONE TO PERFECTION 0 824828 12 1KZNTV 0 820196 13 1ST CONTACT MONEY 0 819272 14 1ST CONTACT SERVICES CC 0 141174 15 2 CANA SOLUTIONS PTY LTD 0 523173 16 2 RIVER BOERDERY 0 820222 17 2016223694 SOUTH AFRICA (PTY) LTD 0 824533 18 21ST CENTURY PAY SOLUTIONS COMPANY
    [Show full text]
  • A Study on Material Properties of Intermetallic Phases in a Multicomponent Hypereutectic Al-Si Alloy with the Use of Nanoindentation Testing
    materials Article A Study on Material Properties of Intermetallic Phases in a Multicomponent Hypereutectic Al-Si Alloy with the Use of Nanoindentation Testing Mirosław Tupaj 1,* , Antoni Władysław Orłowicz 2, Marek Mróz 2 , Andrzej Trytek 1 , Anna Janina Dolata 3,* and Andrzej Dziedzic 4 1 Faculty of Mechanics and Technology, Rzeszow University of Technology, ul. Kwiatkowskiego, 37-450 Stalowa Wola, Poland; [email protected] 2 Faculty of Mechanical Engineering and Aeronautics, Rzeszow University of Technology, al. Powsta´nców 8, 35-959 Rzeszów, Poland; [email protected] (A.W.O.); [email protected] (M.M.) 3 Faculty of Materials Engineering, Silesian University of Technology, ul. Krasi´nskiego 8, 40-019 Katowice, Poland 4 Institute of Physics, University of Rzeszow, Pigonia 1, 35-310 Rzeszow, Poland; [email protected] * Correspondence: [email protected] (M.T.); [email protected] (A.J.D.) Received: 15 November 2020; Accepted: 7 December 2020; Published: 9 December 2020 Abstract: The paper concerns modeling the microstructure of a hypereutectic aluminum-silicon alloy developed by the authors with the purpose of application for automobile cylinder liners showing high resistance to abrasive wear at least equal to that of cast-iron liners. With the use of the nanoindentation method, material properties of intermetallic phases and matrix in a hypereutectic Al-Si alloy containing Mn, Cu, Cr, Ni, V, Fe, and Mg as additives were examined. The scanning electron microscope equipped with an adapter for chemical composition microanalysis was used to determine the chemical composition of intermetallics and of the alloy matrix. Intermetallic phases, such as Al(Fe,Mn,M)Si, Al(Cr,V,M)Si, AlFeSi, AlFeNiM, AlCuNi, Al2Cu, and Mg2Si, including those supersaturated with various alloying elements (M), were identified based on results of X-ray diffraction (XRD) tests and microanalysis of chemical composition carried out with the use of X-ray energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS).
    [Show full text]
  • Understanding Bore Scoring in Al-Si Cylinder Systems
    UNDERSTANDING BORE SCORING IN AL-SI CYLINDER SYSTEMS Charles Navarro LN Engineering LLC Copyright ©2019 LN Engineering LLC. Abstract The basic requirements for a cylinder lining are as follows: wear resistance for the liner, rings, and pistons, as well as resistance to galling and minimal oil consumption. In the beginning, internal combustion engines favored heavy, dense, thermally stable cast iron engine blocks for their durability in meeting these criteria. Besides being heavier than a modern all-aluminum engine, those made from cast iron provide poor cooling, limited performance, and are nowhere near as efficient or powerful as today’s engines designed to meet tightening emissions and fuel economy requirements.1 As aluminum has four times the thermal conductivity of cast iron or steel, it’s the logical choice to overcome these thermal performance limitations.2 However, Al-Si cylinder systems require special surface preparation and piston coatings, not to mention specific lubrication needs. Balancing these requirements has always been a challenge for engineers, especially when cost is the driving motivator for OEMs when utilizing liner-less cylinder technologies. Innovations built upon an all-aluminum engine designed to maximize efficiency and reduce emissions, coupled with hybrid technologies, will extend the life of the internal combustion engine as we transition to an all-electric future. Keywords: Al-Si Alloys, Hypereutectic Aluminum Alloys, Internal Combustion Engine, Combustion Engine Cylinder Liners, MMC, Lokasil, Alusil, Bore Scoring, All-Aluminum Engine Block, Coatings, Piston, Piston Rings, Heat Transfer, Tribofilm, Boundary Lubrication, Wear Mechanisms, ZDDP, Friction Modifiers 1 Improving Heat Transfer and Reducing Mass In a Gasoline Piston Using Additive Manufacturing.
    [Show full text]
  • Nikasil® and Alusil a Primer on Some of the More Common Specialty Coatings and Cylinder Materials Found in Small Displacement Engines
    EP 10-2008 18-32 10/6/08 7:46 PM Page 18 FEATURE Nikasil® and Alusil A primer on some of the more common specialty coatings and cylinder materials found in small displacement engines BY JOHN GOODMAN This issue of Engine Professional is Background What Nikasil® and other similar dedicated to specialty engines and niche Any shop considering a cylinder repair coatings are not remains the center of marketing opportunities. Part of that that has been coated with Nikasil® confusion. Alusil’s like Lokasil®, market involves small displacement should be aware of a few material Mercasil® and other high silica substrates engines of all types and configurations. properties and some of the confusion are not coatings at all but rather Past experience with these small bore surrounding them. It will not be the aluminum metal alloys. These alloys have engines has demonstrated a need to purpose of this article to cover many also been referred to as hypereutectic understand materials and coating in a manufacturing details but developing aluminum due to the percent of silica particles contained in the alloy. It is a way quite different from the run-of-the- application and machining do’s and don’ts subtle distinction but Alusil alloys do not mill gasoline engine. Motorcycle, water will be fundamental. contain silica carbide like nickel plating sport, snow mobile, off-road, stationary Let’s begin by covering what Nikasil® does. Instead of silica carbide, Alusil power plant and other specialty engines is. Nikasil® or NiCom® (1967 Mahle employs glass-like silica particles similar offer a machine shop many high profit trademark) is electrodeposited oleophilic to sand.
    [Show full text]