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Update Research Newsletter December 2014 Update Research Newsletter December 2014 Milestones What’s Inside? By Stephen Kanne, Executive Director • Milestones Every year, we learn more about autism who share their experiences by joining • Autism Research Summit and the many other neurodevelopmental one our research studies, we know more • IMFAR 2014 disorders we see in our patients. Each this year about measuring improvement in • Pupillary light reflex study study brings us a few steps closer to earlier autism symptoms, access to healthcare for diagnosis, more individualized treatments, children and youth, transition to adulthood, • AIM Phase 2: Treatment and, we hope, more fulfilled lives for our biological screenings for autism, and limiting • Benefits of pets patients and their families. aggression in social relationships, to name • “Mean girls” intervention Thanks to the hundreds of families just a few. We shared much of our research • Facial structure analysis with our peers this summer at the annual • Join a study International Meeting for Autism Research, where researchers from the around the world discuss the latest findings and improve the reading about what we learned this year collective understanding of the causes of and how we hope it can help you and your autism spectrum disorder and possibilities family. You’ll also find a current listing of for new treatments. studies planned for next year, where we Translating this new knowledge into hope to continue to partner with families to better care for our patients and their families create a better understanding of autism and is always our priority. I hope you’ll enjoy neurodevelopmental disorders. www.thompsoncenter.missouri.edu/research @mutcautism • facebook.com/thethompsoncenter Dr. David Beversdorf, left, of the Thompson Center, assembled 18 colleagues from the U.S. and Canada to discuss the future of interdisciplinary autism research during the Autism Research Summit, which featured a keynote presentation by Dr. David Amaral, right, of the University of California-David MIND Institute. Autism Summit Experts explore integrating research to develop new treatment options Where can we look for the next big leap how research institutions can use this “If children can be diagnosed very early in autism treatment? Integrating genetic integrative model to lead to new treatments on,” said Amaral, meaning by 12 months, information, environmental factors, biological for newly identified autism subtypes. “some children, by the time they’re 6, if data and ASD symptoms, researchers hope A public lecture during the Autism they’ve had intensive behavior therapy, to define subtypes of autism patients who Research Summit by Dr. David Amaral, actually lose the diagnosis.” share sets of overlapping characteristics in research director of the MIND Institute at these areas for the ultimate development of University of California-Davis, illustrated how individualized treatment approaches. MRIs can be analyzed for variations in brain Thompson Center Cognitive Neurologist structures as one classifying data point for Dr. David Beversdorf gathered experts from potential subtypes. He hopes biomarker data around the country in October to discuss can also lead to earlier diagnoses. IMFAR 2014 Fifteen Thompson Center faculty and graduate students across the country. In addition, Dr. Micah Mazurek present- presented collaborative research at the 13th annual Inter- ed a talk on her research on aggression as it relates to re- national Meeting for Autism Research (IMFAR) in May in stricted, repetitive and stereotyped behaviors in children Atlanta, Ga. With 1,800 attendees from more than 30 coun- with ASD. tries, IMFAR is the world’s premier showcase for current “We’re very proud of the level of participation among findings in autism research. our faculty and students,” said Thompson Center Director Attendees from the Thompson Center presented 13 post- Stephen Kanne. “IMFAR is a great arena in which to show- ers this year, reflecting research collaborations with 55 case our work.” other researchers across campus and in peer institutions For IMFAR 2015 information, visit www.autism-insar.org Page 1 Pet Project Study shows benefits of pets other than dogs Several studies over the past two years Children with pets, not just dogs but also acquired at a young age and over a longer have shown benefits of dog ownership to cats, rabbits, fish, rodents, birds and even period of time, possibly leading to a stronger children with autism. But, what about other farm animals or spiders, had stronger social attachment with the child. pets? MU School of Veterinary Medicine skills in the area of assertiveness. Carlisle Carlisle’s advice? The best pet for you will researcher Gretchen Carlisle looked at a hypothesizes that this holds true because be one that suits your family’s, and child’s, group of patients with autism spectrum the pets act as a social catalyst, allowing temperament, sensitivities and lifestyle. If disorders and discovered that, while dogs the children to have practice engaging with you’re considering a pet for your child, dogs do help these children with social skills, the others over a topic with which they are can be wonderful, but you have more than benefits are strongest when any kind of pet comfortable and enjoy sharing – their pet. just canines as an option that could benefit is in the home. The benefits were strongest when pets were your child’s social skills. Intervention helps “mean girl” behavior Mean girls aren’t just in the movies. Adolescent girls engage in consultation, showed a decrease in relationally aggressive relational aggression, a form of bullying, through nonphysical aggression behaviors among the participants. that includes gossip, rumors, exclusion and rejection of peers. But how “Good outcomes can happen when priorities are set by can parents and teachers help? schools and families to prevent and eliminate relational Three MU researchers, including the Thompson Center’s Connie aggression,” said Brooks, who co-authored the study with Dr. Brooks, developed a 10-week intervention to address these behaviors. Melissa Maras in MU’s Department of Educational, School and The GIRLSS (Growing Interpersonal Relationships through Learning and Counseling Psychology and lead author Joni Williams Splett, Systemic Support) program, which included weekly counseling sessions who was a doctoral student in the department at the time. with teens ages 12-15 as well as weekly caregiver training and phone Page 2 New light-reflex device is easier on kids’ eyes Gang Yao, professor of biological recently developed a new device which engineering, is the pupillary light reflex incorporates eye-tracking and motion- (PLR). sensing capabilities. By measuring how long it takes the pupils The new device can remotely locate the to constrict following a light flash the test pupil and test constriction from across the provides a measure of how fast nerve exam room where the child is sitting on the In the last few years, researchers have impulses travel in the brain. The PLR shows parent’s lap. been searching for biological tests that that for children with autism and other The remote PLR has the potential of could alert us to the diagnosis of autism neurodevelopmental disabilities, the time is expanding testing to toddlers and even at younger ages when therapy is most longer. Because young children and children infants who would be expected to benefit beneficial. One test studied by Thompson with autism have trouble sitting still for from early diagnosis and early intervention Center’s Judith Miles and her MU colleague the test, Dr. Yao and Randima Dinalankara therapies. FACIAL STRUCTURE ANALYSIS FINDS SUBGROUPS OF AUTISM Using a 3D camera to take pictures of the faces of 42 boys with autism, researchers Judith Miles and Nicole Takahashi from the Thompson Center and Ye Duan and Tayo Obafemi-Ajayi in MU’s College of Engineering measured differences in their facial structure, such as the distance between the eyes. Using robust clustering analyses, they found 12 distances which separated the boys into three distinctive subgroups. When the three groups were analyzed for autism symptoms, one group had symptoms of severe classical autism and early regression, one appeared milder, like Aspergers, and the third was more diverse overlapping with typically developing controls. The 3DMD camera makes a “map” that By identifying biological markers that predict ASD helps calculate even very small differenc- severity and regression the researchers hope to identify gene changes specific to each subgroup. When tied to es in distances between facial features genetic data, these biomarkers may help clinicians tailor that aren’t recognizable to the naked eye. specific treatments to subgroups of patients with similar symptoms. Page 3 WANT TO HELP? JOIN A STUDY! Autism Improvement Trauma study recruiting Transition to adulthood study Measure recruiting behavioral children in foster care focusing on healthcare issues intervention group Children ages 2-8 with an autism Has your foster child experienced Is your child transitioning to diagnosis and receiving at least 6 trauma? adulthood? You can help researchers hours of early intensive behavioral If so, and your child is not identify issues related to optimal intervention may be eligible to join currently in therapy, you are wanted management of healthcare during this study to help develop a tool for a research study. Wellness this time of transition. to track improvement in autism interventions and trauma-focused symptoms. therapy will be provided to children who have experienced traumatic events overseen by a licensed psychologist. To participate in a research study, please contact [email protected]. Page 4 Autism Impact Measure Second phase of study focuses on treatment outcomes After a successful pilot and first round of how the AIM is working for children with data collection to develop a questionnaire to autism spectrum disorder (ages 2 – 8) accurately measure improvement in autism who are receiving early intensive behavior symptoms, Dr. Micah Mazurek’s $3.8 million intervention. To join the AIM study or for NIH-funded study is moving into its second Mazurek hopes the measure will help year.
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