TCRP Synthesis 83 – Bus and Rail Transit Preferential Treatments in Mixed Traffic
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TRANSIT COOPERATIVE RESEARCH TCRP PROGRAM SYNTHESIS 83 Sponsored by Bus and Rail Transit the Federal Preferential Treatments in Transit Administration Mixed Traffic A Synthesis of Transit Practice TCRP OVERSIGHT AND PROJECT TRANSPORTATION RESEARCH BOARD 2010 EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE* SELECTION COMMITTEE* CHAIR OFFICERS ANN AUGUST Chair: Michael R. Morris, Director of Transportation, North Central Texas Council of Santee Wateree Regional Transportation Authority Governments, Arlington Vice Chair: Neil J. Pedersen, Administrator, Maryland State Highway Administration, Baltimore MEMBERS Executive Director: Robert E. Skinner, Jr., Transportation Research Board JOHN BARTOSIEWICZ McDonald Transit Associates MEMBERS MICHAEL BLAYLOCK Jacksonville Transportation Authority J. BARRY BARKER, Executive Director, Transit Authority of River City, Louisville, KY LINDA J. BOHLINGER ALLEN D. BIEHLER, Secretary, Pennsylvania DOT, Harrisburg HNTB Corp. LARRY L. BROWN, SR., Executive Director, Mississippi DOT, Jackson RAUL BRAVO DEBORAH H. BUTLER, Executive Vice President, Planning, and CIO, Norfolk Southern Raul V. Bravo & Associates Corporation, Norfolk, VA JOHNGREGORY B. CATOE, COOK JR. WILLIAM A.V. CLARK, Professor, Department of Geography, University of California, WashingtonVeolia Transportation Metropolitan Area Transit TERRYAuthority GARCIA CREWS Los Angeles GREGORYStarTran COOK EUGENE A. CONTI, JR., Secretary of Transportation, North Carolina DOT, Raleigh ANGELAVeolia Transportation IANNUZZIELLO NICHOLAS J. GARBER, Henry L. Kinnier Professor, Department of Civil Engineering, and TERRYENTRA ConsultantsGARCIA CREWS Director, Center for Transportation Studies, University of Virginia, Charlottesville JOHNStarTran INGLISH JEFFREY W. HAMIEL, Executive Director, Metropolitan Airports Commission, Minneapolis, MN KIMUtah R.Transit GREEN Authority PAULA J. HAMMOND, Secretary, Washington State DOT, Olympia SHERRYGFI GENFARE LITTLE EDWARD A. (NED) HELME, President, Center for Clean Air Policy, Washington, DC ANGELASpartan Solutions, IANNUZZIELLO LLC ADIB K. KANAFANI, Cahill Professor of Civil Engineering, University of California, Berkeley JONATHANENTRA Consultants H. MCDONALD JOHNHNTB INGLISHCorporation SUSAN MARTINOVICH, Director, Nevada DOT, Carson City GARYUtah Transit W. M AuthorityCNEIL DEBRA L. MILLER, Secretary, Kansas DOT, Topeka JEANNEGO Transit W. KRIEG SANDRA ROSENBLOOM, Professor of Planning, University of Arizona, Tucson MICHAELEastern Contra P. MELANIPHY Costa Transit Authority TRACY L. ROSSER, Vice President, Corporate Traffic, Wal-Mart Stores, Inc., Mandeville, LA JONATHANMotor Coach H.Industries MCDONALD STEVEN T. SCALZO, Chief Operating Officer, Marine Resources Group, Seattle, WA BRADFORDStantec Consulting MILLER HENRY G. (GERRY) SCHWARTZ, JR., Chairman (retired), Jacobs/Sverdrup Civil, Inc., GARYDes Moines W. M AreaCNEIL Regional Transit Authority St. Louis, MO FRANKGO Transit OTERO BEVERLY A. SCOTT, General Manager and Chief Executive Officer, Metropolitan Atlanta Rapid MICHAELPACO Technologies P. MELANIPHY Transit Authority, Atlanta, GA KEITHMotor Coach PARKER Industries FRANKVIA Metropolitan OTERO Transit DAVID SELTZER, Principal, Mercator Advisors LLC, Philadelphia, PA PETERPACO Technologies ROGOFF DANIEL SPERLING, Professor of Civil Engineering and Environmental Science and Policy; KEITHFTA PARKER Director, Institute of Transportation Studies; and Interim Director, Energy Efficiency Center, JEFFREYVIA Metropolitan ROSENBERG Transit University of California, Davis PETERAmalgamated ROGOFF Transit Union KIRK T. STEUDLE, Director, Michigan DOT, Lansing RICHARDFTA SARLES DOUGLAS W. STOTLAR, President and CEO, Con-Way, Inc., Ann Arbor, MI JEFFREYWashington ROSENBERG Metropolitan Area Transit Authority C. MICHAEL WALTON, Ernest H. Cockrell Centennial Chair in Engineering, University of MICHAELAmalgamated SCANLON Transit Union Texas, Austin RICHARDSan Mateo CountySARLES Transit District MARILYNNew Jersey TransitSHAZOR Corporation MICHAELSouthwest Ohio SCANLON Regional Transit Authority EX OFFICIO MEMBERS JAMESSan Mateo STEM County Transit District PETER H. APPEL, Administrator, Research and Innovative Technology Administration, U.S.DOT BEVERLYUnited Transportation SCOTT Union J. RANDOLPH BABBITT, Administrator, Federal Aviation Administration, U.S.DOT GARYMetropolitan THOMAS Atlanta Rapid Transit Authority JAMESDallas Area STEM Rapid Transit REBECCA M. BREWSTER, President and COO, American Transportation Research Institute, FRANKUnited Transportation TOBEY Union Smyrna, GA FRANKFirst Transit TOBEY GEORGE BUGLIARELLO, President Emeritus and University Professor, Polytechnic Institute MATTHEWFirst Transit O. TUCKER of New York University, Brooklyn; Foreign Secretary, National Academy of Engineering, MATTHEWNorth County O. Transit TUCKER District Washington, DC PAMNorth WARDCounty Transit District ANNE S. FERRO, Administrator, Federal Motor Carrier Safety Administration, U.S.DOT PAMOttumwa WARD Transit Authority LEROY GISHI, Chief, Division of Transportation, Bureau of Indian Affairs, U.S. Department of ALICEOttumwa WIGGINS-TOLBERT Transit Authority the Interior, Washington, DC ALICEParsons WIGGINS-TOLBERT Brinckerhoff President and CEO, Association of American Railroads, Washington, DC Parsons Brinckerhoff EDWARD R. HAMBERGER, EX OFFICIO MEMBERS JOHN C. HORSLEY, Executive Director, American Association of State Highway and WILLIAMEX OFFICIO MEMBERSW. MILLAR Transportation Officials, Washington, DC WILLIAMAPTA W. MILLAR DAVID T. MATSUDA, Deputy Administrator, Maritime Administration, U.S.DOT ROBERTAPTA E. SKINNER, JR. VICTOR M. MENDEZ, Administrator, Federal Highway Administration, U.S.DOT ROBERTTRB E. SKINNER, JR. WILLIAM W. MILLAR, President, American Public Transportation Association, Washington, DC JOHNTRB C. HORSLEY ROBERT J. PAPP (Adm., U.S. Coast Guard), Commandant, U.S. Coast Guard, U.S. Department of JOHNAASHTO C. HORSLEY VICTORAASHTO MENDEZ Homeland Security, Washington, DC VICTORFHWA MENDEZ CYNTHIA L. QUARTERMAN, Administrator, Pipeline and Hazardous Materials Safety FHWA Administration, U.S.DOT TDC EXECUTIVE DIRECTOR PETER M. ROGOFF, Administrator, Federal Transit Administration, U.S.DOT LOUISTDC EXECUTIVE SANDERS DIRECTOR DAVID L. STRICKLAND, Administrator, National Highway Traffic Safety Administration, LOUISAPTA SANDERS U.S.DOT APTA SECRETARY JOSEPH C. SZABO, Administrator, Federal Railroad Administration, U.S.DOT CHRISTOPHERSECRETARY W. JENKS POLLY TROTTENBERG, Assistant Secretary for Transportation Policy, U.S.DOT CHRISTOPHERTRB W. JENKS ROBERT L. VAN ANTWERP (Lt. Gen., U.S. Army), Chief of Engineers and Commanding TRB General, U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, Washington, DC *Membership as of June 2010. *Membership as of July 2010. TRANSIT COOPERATIVE RESEARCH PROGRAM TCRP SYNTHESIS 83 Bus and Rail Transit Preferential Treatments in Mixed Traffic A Synthesis of Transit Practice CONSULTANT ALAN R. DANAHER PB Americas, Inc.—Transit and Rail Systems Orlando, Florida SUBSCRIBER CATEGORIES Design • Operations and Traffic Management • Public Transportation Research Sponsored by the Federal Transit Administration in Cooperation with the Transit Development Corporation TRANSPORTATION RESEARCH BOARD WASHINGTON, D.C. 2010 www.TRB.org TRANSIT COOPERATIVE RESEARCH PROGRAM TCRP SYNTHESIS 83 The nation’s growth and the need to meet mobility, environ- Project J-7, Topic SA-22 mental, and energy objectives place demands on public transit ISSN 1073-4880 systems. Current systems, some of which are old and in need of ISBN 978-0-309-14302-8 upgrading, must expand service area, increase service frequency, Library of Congress Control Number 2009942374 and improve efficiency to serve these demands. Research is nec- © 2010 National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved. essary to solve operating problems, to adapt appropriate new technologies from other industries, and to introduce innovations into the transit industry. The Transit Cooperative Research Pro- COPYRIGHT INFORMATION gram (TCRP) serves as one of the principal means by which the transit industry can develop innovative near-term solutions to Authors herein are responsible for the authenticity of their materials and for meet demands placed on it. obtaining written permissions from publishers or persons who own the The need for TCRP was originally identified in TRB Special copyright to any previously published or copyrighted material used herein. Report 213—Research for Public Transit: New Directions, pub- Cooperative Research Programs (CRP) grants permission to reproduce material in this publication for classroom and not-for-profit purposes. lished in 1987 and based on a study sponsored by the Federal Permission is given with the understanding that none of the material will be Transit Administration (FTA). A report by the American Public used to imply TRB, AASHTO, FAA, FHWA, FMCSA, FTA, or Transit Transportation Association (APTA), Transportation 2000, also Development Corporation endorsement of a particular product, method, or recognized the need for local, problem-solving research. TCRP, practice. It is expected that those reproducing the material in this document modeled after the longstanding and successful National Coopera- for educational and not-for-profit uses will give appropriate acknowledgment tive Highway Research Program, undertakes research and other of the source of any reprinted or reproduced material. For other uses of the technical activities in response to the needs of transit service provid- material, request permission from CRP. ers. The scope of TCRP includes