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Medicinal Plant Research Volume 8 Number 25, 3 July, 2014 ISSN 2009-9723 Journal of Medicinal Plant Research Volume 8 Number 25, 3 July, 2014 ISSN 2009-9723 ABOUT JMPR The Journal of Medicinal Plant Research is published weekly (one volume per year) by Academic Journals. The Journal of Medicinal Plants Research (JMPR) is an open access journal that provides rapid publication (weekly) of articles in all areas of Medicinal Plants research, Ethnopharmacology, Fitoterapia, Phytomedicine etc. The Journal welcomes the submission of manuscripts that meet the general criteria of significance and scientific excellence. Papers will be published shortly after acceptance. All articles published in JMPR are peerreviewed. Electronic submission of manuscripts is strongly encouraged, provided that the text, tables, and figures are included in a single Microsoft Word file (preferably in Arial font). Submission of Manuscript Submit manuscripts as e-mail attachment to the Editorial Office at: [email protected]. A manuscript number will be mailed to the corresponding author shortly after submission. The Journal of Medicinal Plant Research will only accept manuscripts submitted as e-mail attachments. Please read the Instructions for Authors before submitting your manuscript. The manuscript files should be given the last name of the first author. Editors Prof. Akah Peter Achunike Prof. Parveen Bansal Editor-in-chief Department of Biochemistry Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and University of Nigeria, Nsukka Research Nigeria Chandigarh India. Associate Editors Dr. Ravichandran Veerasamy AIMST University Dr. Ugur Cakilcioglu Faculty of Pharmacy, AIMST University, Semeling - Elazıg Directorate of National Education 08100, Turkey. Kedah, Malaysia. Dr. Jianxin Chen Dr. Sayeed Ahmad Information Center, Herbal Medicine Laboratory, Department of Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry, Beijing, China Faculty of Pharmacy, Jamia Hamdard (Hamdard 100029, University), Hamdard Nagar, New Delhi, 110062, China. India. Dr. Hassan Sher Dr. Cheng Tan Department of Botany and Microbiology, Department of Dermatology, first Affiliated Hospital College of Science, of Nanjing Univeristy of King Saud University, Riyadh Traditional Chinese Medicine. Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. 155 Hanzhong Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China. 210029 Dr. Jin Tao Professor and Dong-Wu Scholar, Dr. Naseem Ahmad Department of Neurobiology, Young Scientist (DST, FAST TRACK Scheme) Medical College of Soochow University, Plant Biotechnology Laboratory 199 Ren-Ai Road, Dushu Lake Campus, Department of Botany Suzhou Industrial Park, Aligarh Muslim University Suzhou 215123, Aligarh- 202 002,(UP) P.R.China. India. Dr. Pongsak Rattanachaikunsopon Dr. Isiaka A. Ogunwande Department of Biological Science, Dept. Of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Lagos State University, Ojo, Lagos, Ubon Ratchathani University, Nigeria. Ubon Ratchathani 34190, Thailand. Editorial Board Prof Hatil Hashim EL-Kamali Dr. Arash Kheradmand Omdurman Islamic University, Botany Department, Lorestan University, Sudan. Iran. Prof. Dr. Muradiye Nacak Prof Dr Cemşit Karakurt Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Pediatrics and Pediatric Cardiology Gaziantep University, Inonu University Faculty of Medicine, Turkey. Turkey. Dr. Sadiq Azam Samuel Adelani Babarinde Department of Biotechnology, Department of Crop and Environmental Protection, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, Pakistan. Ogbomoso Nigeria. Kongyun Wu Department of Biology and Environment Engineering, Dr.Wafaa Ibrahim Rasheed Guiyang College, Professor of Medical Biochemistry National Research Center China. Cairo Egypt. Prof Swati Sen Mandi Division of plant Biology, Bose Institute India. Dr. Ujjwal Kumar De Indian Vetreinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly, UP-243122 Veterinary Medicine, India. Journal of Medicinal Plants Research Table of Contents: Volume 8 Number 25 3 July, 2014 ARTICLES Research Articles Ethnobotanical and taxonomic screening of genus Morus for wild edible fruits used by the inhabitants of Lesser Himalayas-Pakistan 889 Arshad Mehmood Abbasi*, Mir Ajab Khan, Mushtaq Ahmad, Mamoona Munir, Muhammad Zafar, Shazai Sultana, Zia-u-Rehman Mishwani and Zahid Ullah Hypoglycaemic effect of Lagerstroemia speciosa in type 2 diabetic rats 899 L. Samananda Singh, N. Shashikanta Singh and M. Anita Devi Genetic homogeneity of vegetatively propagated Clinacanthus nutans (Acanthaceae) 903 Siat Yee Fong, Terrence Piva, Sylvia Urban and Tien Huynh Vol. 8(25), pp. 889-898, 3 July, 2014 DOI: 10.5897/JMPR2010.733 Article Number: BA5C07546081 ISSN 1996-0875 Journal of Medicinal Plant Research Copyright © 2014 Author(s) retain the copyright of this article http://www.academicjournals.org/JMPR Full Length Research Paper Ethnobotanical and taxonomic screening of genus Morus for wild edible fruits used by the inhabitants of Lesser Himalayas-Pakistan Arshad Mehmood Abbasi*, Mir Ajab Khan, Mushtaq Ahmad, Mamoona Munir, Muhammad Zafar, Shazai Sultana, Zia-u-Rehman Mishwani and Zahid Ullah Department of Plant Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan. Received 20 October, 2010; Accepted 26 October, 2010 The present study was focused on ethnobotanical and taxonomic screening of four wild edible fruit species of family Moraceae including Morus alba L., Morus laevigata Wall., Morus nigra L. and Morus rubra L. used by the local inhabitants of Lesser Himalayas-Pakistan. Questionnaires based on semi- structured interviews and observations were used to collect data about ethnobotanical importance of these plants. Morphological, including organoleptographical characters of leaves, flowers, fruits and leaf epidermal anatomy were investigated. Leaf epidermal anatomy was carried out under light microscope. All four species showed variations in fruit size, shape, color, in leaf lamina and base shape, floral characters, leaf epidermis cells shape, size and type of stomata. Such taxonomic variations are significant in correct identification of plant species. Key words: Ethnobotancal, taxonomic screening, Morus, Lesser Himalayas. INTRODUCTION The Pakistani Himalaya is located south and east of the surrounding valleys, Azad Jammu and Kashmir and Indus River, which originates close to the holy mountain extreme South-east corner of the North West Frontier of Kailash in Western Tibet, marking the ranges true Province (Pakhtoonkhawa). The Lesser Himalaya is a western frontier. The Himalaya is a totally separate range prominent range 2,000 to 3,000 m high formed along the to the Karakoram which runs parallel to the north. The main boundary Thrust fault zone, with a steep southern Himalaya in Pakistan is green and fertile as compared to face and gentler northern slopes. These Himalayas lie the arid Karakoram and Hindukush. The Himalaya is north of the Sub-Himalayan Range and south of the spread across three Pakistan's provinces. The Northern Great Himalayas. In Pakistan these mountains lie just area encompasses the Nanga Parbat massif and her North of Rawalpindi district, covering the districts of *Corresponding author. E-mail: [email protected], [email protected]. Author(s) agree that this article remain permanently open access under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License 4.0 International License 890 J. Med. Plants Res. Batagram, Mansehra and Abbottabad as well as Pakistan light microscope (Model: DM 1000). Administered Kashmir. These mountains are also home to Pakistan's important hill stations like Murree, Ghora Gali and Nathia Gali. It snows here during a few months RESULTS of the year but there are no glaciers found in this region. The climate of the Lesser Himalayas ranges from tropical Morus alba L. at the base of the mountains to permanent ice and snow at the highest elevations. The amount of yearly rainfall Local name: Chitta toot; English name: White mulberry. increases from west to east along the front of the range. Distribution: Pakistan, Hazara, Swat, Kashmir and This diversity of climate, altitude, rainfall and soil Murree. World: Native to china, Asia, Japan, Malaya, conditions generates a variety of distinct plant and animal Burma, India, North Africa. Habitat: It grows communities (Anonymous, 2010). commonly on the clay soil. Flowering period: February to Traditional fruits represent inexpensive but high quality March. Fruiting period: May to June. Morphology: nutrition sources for the poor segment of the population, A monoecious, deciduous, 8 to 15 m or rarely up especially where malnutrition is widespread. Traditional to 20 m tall tree with a dense, compact leafy crown. fruits grow wild and are readily available as they do not Trunk is 1.5 to 2 m in circumference, with dark grey- require any formal cultivation. Wild edible plants (fruits brown, rough, vertically fissured bark, tender twigs airy to and vegetables) are necessary for the well being of the glabrescent. Leaves are green, sticky, herbaceous, 12.1 populations, not only as source of supplemental food, to 2.9 cm long and 12.5 to 1.6 cm wide, ovate, alternate, nutritionally balanced diets, medicine, fodder and fuel, but somewhat hairy, scabrous, insertion of leaf; ramal, also for developed methods of resource management, petiolate, lamina narrow to broad, shallowly cordate base, which may be fundamental to the conservation of some upper surface glabrous, midrib and veins pubescent, of the world’s important habitats (Chweya and margin; regularly serrate, Apex; obtuse, acute or shortly Eyzaguirre, 1999). acuminate,
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