APPUNTI DALLA FORESTA Shinrin Nōto Un Percorso Zen Per Spiriti Selvatici

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APPUNTI DALLA FORESTA Shinrin Nōto Un Percorso Zen Per Spiriti Selvatici Tiziano Fratus APPUNTI DALLA FORESTA Shinrin nōto Un percorso zen per spiriti selvatici I riti e la musica dei boschi sono senza tempo. Shihwu (1272-1352) o Casa di pietra La luna e il sole sono i miei sandali, sto viaggiando fra il cielo e la terra. Daitō Kokushi (1282-1337), monaco e mendicante Boscaioli e pescatori, loro sì che la sanno. Non hanno bisogno di scanni preziosi, di appositi palchi per fare lo zen. Sandali di paglia e bordone per girar l’universo, la pioggia per casa l’aria per cibo una vita intera. Ikkyū Sōjun (1394-1481), monaco vagante Non c’è Budda, non ci sono esseri viventi, non c’è passato, non c’è l’adesso. Se vuoi prenderlo, l’hai già preso: non è qualcosa che richieda del tempo. Non c’è nessuna pratica religiosa, nessuna illuminazione, niente da conquistare, niente da perdere […] Ciò che conta è questo momento presente. Linji (IX sec.), fondatore della scuola rinzai Studiare la via del Buddha è studiare se stessi. Studiare se stessi è dimenticare se stessi. Dimenticare se stessi vuol dire diventare parte del mondo. Diventare parte del mondo significa lasciar cadere corpo e mente di se stessi e corpo e mente degli altri. Eihei Dōgen (1200-1253), fondatore della scuola Sōtō È l’uomo il fiore che deve sbocciare dalle rovine di sé stesso e che attraverso la sua liberazione metterà rami e foglie e sarà uno col Tutto. Massimo Dai Do Strumia (1950-2010), maestro italiano Introduzione FELIX IN SILVIS Composta di terra e alberi e acqua, la natura non sa mentire. Ci dimostra la verità universale di mietere quel che si semina. Bopjong (1932-2010), monaco ed eremita nelle foreste coreane Che tu ci creda o meno, lo zazen purifica il mondo. Kōshō Uchiyama (1912-1998), monaco e origamista Il primo seme dell’ecologia brilla in noi, la trama della nostra identità percepisce costantemente il richiamo delle distanze, dell’ignoto quanto di tutto quel brulichio di esistenze che vive senza rispettare le nostre regole. Per questo torniamo così spesso in quei luoghi che ci siamo abituati ad indicare col termine generico di “natura”. Dentro di me, fin da bambino, c’è sempre stato un grande urlo che cercava di venir fuori. Un ruggito animoso che avrebbe potuto rovesciarmi completamente, come un guanto, come la pelle di un animale ferito e squarciato. Qualcosa però mi ha tenuto a bada, tranne qualche lampo di disordine che gli incontri con altre persone o le tensioni di certe situazioni hanno generato; c’era un filo che teneva cucito, uno spirito che mi ha accompagnato e suggerito che spalancarmi e divampare non avrebbe portato a nulla di concreto: non è questa la via, sentivo, non è affatto questa la via. L’ho capito quando ai piedi di enormi alberi e nel silenzio preistorico di certi accenni di foresta le parole si sono unite, i semi hanno iniziato a germinare al fondo di quella terra tutta emotiva e immaginifica che abita questo curioso “io” in divenire che mi porto appresso. La voce del segreto arboreo, il coro di un silenzio canoro, quel mistero ramoso custodito nei margini di un eremo boscoso… E così ho cercato l’“amicizia” delle foreste, la frequentazione delle montagne e delle riserve. Ho camminato, ho toccato, ho abbracciato, ho ascoltato e ho meditato. E di quell’urlo che per anni mi ha paralizzato, ho iniziato a non avere più timore, mi sono come ricordato di qualcosa che c’era stato: prima del tempo, prima del quando, prima ancora, come dicono i maestri zen, del volto che avrei avuto al concepimento dei miei genitori. All’urlo, mi sono accorto, non si è destinati. Ci sono giorni nei quali lo stagno appare placido e domato, i margini sicuri, il cielo è dove deve stare e la terra al suo posto; la superficie è uno specchio perfetto, mosso, semmai, sfiorato, soltanto dal tuo respiro profondo. E ci sono giorni invece nei quali sei una tempesta in azione, un vortice di dubbi, un bailamme di denti e unghie, di accuse e sensi d’inadeguatezza, archibugi, rivolte, lotte, ti rifugi in bocche di pietra e all’orizzonte non scorgi alcun segno di pace. E che cosa vorresti fare in questi frangenti? Magari svegliarti domattina e non sapere più nulla di quel che tu sei stato fino ad oggi, chi sei stato o non sei stato, che cosa tu hai fatto o che cosa non hai fatto. Perdere tutto e non avere più niente, non essere più… niente. Ti auguri quasi di poter finalmente vivere la vita come un cieco e come un sordo, di dismettere la tua umanità, e non sentire più nulla. Poi invece pensi che potresti transitare da una forma all’altra, farti forse liquido e passare da un contenitore all’altro, adeguarti, adattarti, assumere geometrie opportune; lasciale sfogare le tempeste e torna ad imparare, a circolare, a rinascere. Come scrive nei suoi appunti Jacques Brosse (1922-2008), celebre divulgatore della storia e dei simboli dei boschi (l’evergreen Mitologia degli alberi è suo), divenuto monaco zen nell’ultima parte della vita: «Alla fine del deserto, alla fine della notte, c’è un’allodola che canta». Chi sei dunque? Vivi? Pensi? Senti? Quanti, prima o poi, non si sono sentiti trascinare in questi pensieri, in questi stati d’animo, in questi stati desideranti delle cose? Così come una sequoia alta cento metri nei suoi mille e cinquecento anni di vita trionfale è nata da un progetto che chiamiamo seme e che era grande come una lenticchia, poco di più di una capocchia di spillo, un niente, o meglio, un quasi niente, noi, questi corpi che pensano, che attraversano il tempo, che resistono a tante amare delusioni e sanno sussultare, gioire, apprendere, evolvere, nascere e rinascere, siamo generati da una schiuma, da due cellule invisibili che s’incontrano. Non è di per sé una magia sublime? Cerchiamo le distanze cosmiche, immaginiamo altri mondi e nuovi futuri, alluniamo e ammartiamo, esploriamo le particelle di Dio alla ricerca del grande segreto, eppure la magia che ci lascia senza parola è qui dentro: siamo noi. le nostre mani che sfarfallano, le nostre menti che soppesano, i nostri desideri inesausti, le esistenze che tracciamo, le vite che ci “inventiamo”, con tutti i rischi del caso; c’è chi sbaglia molto e c’è chi sbaglia tantissimo, ma questo è quanto. Una parte decisiva della nostra maturazione si basa sulla gestione della memoria, una parte di noi che ci consente di definirci, di pensarci, di “afferrarci”, ma che sa anche indicarci la via da seguire. In una raccolta di saggi, Broken vessels (Vasi rotti), dello sfortunato scrittore americano Andre Dubus (1936-1999), ho trovato una bella frase da un romanzo di Susan Dodd: «La memoria, come l’amore, è un atto d’immaginazione, un abbandono e un possesso.» La memoria è sì un catalogo, un atlante, ma è anche una possibilità di fisicità quanto di negazione alla fisicità, possiamo decidere di coltivare la memoria e di dimenticarla, farne tesoro o vivere come se ricominciassimo daccapo, o quasi. Pensando proprio a questi caratteri e a queste potenzialità mi rendo conto che l’idea e l’esperienza d’intimità con la natura, per me, sono atti proprio d’immaginazione, sono esercizi di abbandono e talora di possesso. In queste parole, in queste coordinate linguistiche, è racchiuso il mio percorso: concetti quali Homo Radix – colui o colei che sondano il paesaggio in cerca di connessioni estetiche, culturali, emotive – e dendrosofia – tutto quel che unisce uomo e albero, e più in generale, uomo e natura – sono le stelle polari di un sentiero poetico, artistico e spirituale. L’ho chiamato in tanti modi, costellandolo di parole-chiave, di neologismi, considerazioni e abitudini, ma c’è un posto che ho spesso riconosciuto intorno a me: l’ho battezzato dapprima “tempio delle radici”, quindi l’ho ridimensionato ad “eremo delle radici”, o ne-an, come direbbero in Giappone. Non mi sono consegnato allo scrivere poesie, magari abbacinato dal desiderio pur comprensibile, d’issarmi nel catalogo dei poeti più grandi, i migliori, gli ultimi e definitivi; ho cercato di costruire la mia intera vita come una poesia, di fare del mio vivere quotidiano un atto poetico, ho cucito i margini di un piccolo mondo deposto fra la carta e la corteccia dove ascoltare le voci di madre natura, dove meditare, dove camminare nei boschi, dove rifocillare e scrivere. E dove praticare una via personale e silvatica, prevalentemente solitaria, nello zen, ovvero un bosco dove si nasce e rinasce, dove ci si perde e ci si riconquista, e dove i dubbi equiparano, quando non soverchiano, le certezze. In questi anni molti studiosi e autori hanno navigato i rapporti esistenti, potenziali o ipotetici che si delineano fra uomini e alberi, la più vasta biomassa del pianeta. Fra noi e loro esistono scambi di informazioni e materiali. Sappiamo quanto i boschi nutrano la nostra immaginazione, popolino la nostra suggestione e siano beni viventi essenziali per la nostra sopravvivenza. Poiché tutte le forme di esistenza comunicano con le altre specie, in alcuni casi intenzionalmente, in altri non intenzionalmente, il problema potrebbe essere capire perché gli alberi debbano eventualmente “interessarsi” a noi, che cosa a loro potrebbe risultare utile o piacevole, ammesso che questi siano termini adeguati a esprimere la maniera di conoscere e vivere degli alberi. Certo, da quel che gli studiosi prevedono, pare oramai probabile che le società del futuro possano adottare le strategie di comportamento dei nostri fratelli alberi, come scrive il forestale austriaco Erwin Thoma: «Il bosco è il prototipo del successo del principio della cooperazione a discapito della contraddizione.
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