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Compilation of City Reports on Homo- and Transphobia Research (Sabadell, Thessaloniki, Wroclaw, Charleroi, Girona and Nottingham)

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Compilation of City Reports on Homo- and Transphobia Research (Sabadell, Thessaloniki, Wroclaw, Charleroi, Girona and Nottingham) Compilation of city reports on homo- and transphobia research (Sabadell, Thessaloniki, Wroclaw, Charleroi, Girona and Nottingham) WS1. Transnational and comparative research on homo- and transphobia in small and medium cities December 2016 Compiled and edited by Olga Jubany, Joan Bestard and Jordi Mas Grau (Universitat de Barcelona) With the participation of the Divercity partners Under the coordination of the Universitat de Barcelona Co-funded by the Rights, Equality and Citizenship (REC) Programme of the European Union This publication has been produced with the financial support of the Rights, Equality and Citizenship (REC) Programme of the European Union. The contents of this publication are the sole responsibility of the authors and can in no way be taken to reflect the views of the European Commission CITY REPORTS: SABADELL Olga Jubany, University of Barcelona (Coordinator) Joan Bestard, University of Barcelona Jordi Mas, University of Barcelona December, 2016 Co-funded by the Rights, Equality and Citizenship Programme of the EU This Publication has been produced with the financial support of the Rights, Equality and Citizenship (REC) Programme of the European Union. The comments of this publication are the sole responsibility of the authors and can in no way be taken to reflect the views of the European Commission. 2 Table of contents Introduction ............................................................................................................................................. 4 1. The city ................................................................................................................................................ 5 1.1. Physical and human geography .................................................................................................... 5 1.2. Historical and economic context .................................................................................................. 5 1.3. The local government ................................................................................................................... 6 1.4. The civil society and the LGBT movement ................................................................................... 7 2. The fieldwork ....................................................................................................................................... 9 2.1. Approach to the object of the study ............................................................................................ 9 2.2. In-depth interviews ...................................................................................................................... 9 2.3. Focus groups ............................................................................................................................... 12 2.4. Participant observation .............................................................................................................. 13 2.5. Survey ......................................................................................................................................... 13 3. Combating hate crimes based on LGBTphobia: the role of policies, legal measures and claim/complaints’ mechanisms ............................................................................................................. 15 3.1. Local policies and the promotion of sexual and gender diversity .............................................. 15 3.2. Basic services: Education and Health ......................................................................................... 17 3.3. The formal complaints on LGBTphobia ...................................................................................... 20 4. Experiences in public spheres: representations, virtuality, physical spaces and hate speech .......... 22 4.1. Urban spaces .............................................................................................................................. 22 4.2. Media and virtual spaces ............................................................................................................ 24 5. Social interactions and internalised experiences of LGBTphobia ...................................................... 26 5.1. Personal experiences of LGBTphobia ......................................................................................... 26 5.2. Personal experiences of coming out .......................................................................................... 27 5.3. Social and associative life ........................................................................................................... 28 6. Inclusion, exclusion, and intersectionality ........................................................................................ 30 7. Conclusions/Best practices identified/ Recommendations .............................................................. 33 8. Bibliography ....................................................................................................................................... 38 9. Annexes ............................................................................................................................................. 40 ANNEX 1. Tables of interviews and focus groups .................................................................................. 41 ANNEX 2. Survey results ........................................................................................................................ 46 ANNEX 3. Maps ...................................................................................................................................... 55 3 Introduction This report presents the main findings of the ethnographical and statistical research carried out in Sabadell (Spain), by the University of Barcelona team, on multiple dimensions of LGBTphobia, as well as the existing legal, political and social measures to combat this social problem. This document complements the legal and the best practices reports previously elaborated for the action-research project “Divercity: Preventing and combating homo- and transphobia in small and medium cities across Europe” (co-funded by the Rights, Equality and Citizenship Programme of the European Union). In the first chapter of this report, all the physical and socio-economic features of the city will be presented. Secondly, we will discuss the main methodological issues and also the particularities of the fieldwork undertaken. Followed by research results which are presented according to the following guiding themes: Combating hate crimes based on LGBTphobia: the role of policies, legal measures and claim/complaints’ mechanisms; Experiences in public spheres: representations, virtuality, physical spaces and hate speech; Social interactions and internalised experiences of LGBTphobia; Inclusion, exclusion, and intersectionality. Finally, and apart from the conclusions, some recommendations are be made to suggest ways to improve the welfare of LGBT people at each level of government (local, regional, and national). The findings of each city report, as well the comparative report, will enable us to implement the planned activities for the second part of the Divercity project, such as the best practices guides for local governments and LGBT people, the ethical codes for local services and governments, the training seminars for law enforcement authorities, prosecutors and lawyers, and the awareness-raising campaign. 4 1. The city 1.1. Physical and human geography Sabadell belongs to the Autonomous Community of Catalonia, in the northeast of Spain, and is located 20 km from the capital, Barcelona. Both cities are very well connected by motorway and railway. Sabadell has a territory of 37.8 km² and is divided in seven districts; each district has two or three sectors, which are formed by one or more neighbourhoods (see Annex 3). Sabadell has 208.321 inhabitants (making it the fifth most populous city in Catalonia), with a population density of 5.500 inhabitants/km². Slightly more than half of the population are women (51.3%), almost a third (28.4%) are between 0-14 years of age, more than half of the population (56,6%) fall between 15-65 years, and the remainder (15%) fall within the elder (65 years or older) age gap (Ajuntament de Sabadell, 2016a). At the beginning of the 21st century, Sabadell experienced a very high increase of the immigration rate. Currently, 10.3% of Sabadell residents have a foreign nationality, whilst this rate hardly exceeded the 1% threshold in 20001. 37.4% of the foreigners are from the Americas, 32.3% from Africa, 19% from Europe, and 11.1% from Asia. The most represented countries of origin are Morocco, Bolivia, Romania, and China. There exists a noticeable difference in the distribution of immigrants living in the city centre (6.5%) compared to those living in the suburbs, with some neighbourhood populations exceeding 16% (e.g. Can Puiggener) (Ajuntament de Sabadell, 2016a). Sabadell has one of the largest Roma populations in Spain. In spite of the lack of official data, the Fundación Secretariado Gitano de Sabadell (one of the most important Spanish Roma associations) estimates that there are about 8.500 of Roma living in the city (4% of the population). And similar to distribution patterns of immigrants living in Sabadell, the great majority of the Roma people lives in suburban neighbourhoods such as Can Puiggener, Torre-romeu, Can Feu, Can Deu and Campoamor. According to the City Council, the main religion of the city is Catholicism. Due to
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