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Risico's Van De Sierteeltketen Als Introductieroute

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Risico's Van De Sierteeltketen Als Introductieroute 2018 Risico’s van de sierteeltketen als introductieroute voor invasieve exoten B. Pieters, J.H.T. Hoppenreijs, R. Beringen, L.B. Sparrius, J.L.C.H. van Valkenburg, G. van der Velde & R.S.E.W. Leuven Risico’s van de sierteeltketen als introductieroute voor invasieve exoten B. Pieters1, J.H.T. Hoppenreijs1, R. Beringen2, L.B. Sparrius2, J.L.C.H. van Valkenburg3, G. van der Velde1 & R.S.E.W. Leuven1, 4 14 september 2018 1 Radboud Universiteit (Instituut voor Water en Wetland Research), 2 FLORON, 3 Nederlandse Voedsel- en Warenautoriteit en 4 Nederlands Expertise Centrum Exoten In opdracht van: Team Invasieve Exoten Bureau Risicobeoordeling & onderzoek Nederlandse Voedsel- en Warenautoriteit (NVWA) Ministerie van Landbouw, Natuur en Voedselkwaliteit Rapport Afdeling Dierecologie en Fysiologie 2018-3 Titel: Risico’s van de sierteeltketen als introductieroute voor invasieve exoten Auteurs: B. Pieters, J.H.T. Hoppenreijs, R. Beringen, L.B. Sparrius, J.L.C.H. van Valkenburg, G. van der Velde & R.S.E.W. Leuven Omslagfoto: Verkoop van (invasieve) waterplanten in een tuincentrum in 2013 (© Foto: A.H.M. Rutenfrans) Projectmanager: Prof. dr. R.S.E.W. Leuven, Instituut voor Water en Wetland Research, Afdeling Dierecologie en Fysiologie, Radboud Universiteit, Heyendaalseweg 135, 6525 AJ Nijmegen, e-mail: [email protected] Projectnummer: RU/FNWI/FEZ-VB 626424NVWA2018-1 Klant: Nederlandse Voedsel- en Warenautoriteit (NVWA), Team Invasieve Exoten, Bureau Risicobeoordeling & onderzoek, Postbus 43006, 3540 AA Utrecht Orders: Secretariaat van de afdeling Dierecologie en Fysiologie, Faculteit der Natuurwetenschappen en Informatica, Radboud Universiteit, Heyendaalseweg 135, 6525 AJ Nijmegen, e-mail: [email protected], tel. +31 24 36 52902, onder vermelding van Rapport Dierecologie en Fysiologie 2018-3 Trefwoorden: Biologische bestrijders, ecologische effecten, invasieve soorten, meelifters, pathways, planten, risicobeoordeling, risicomanagement, vectoren © 2018. Afdeling Dierecologie en Fysiologie, Instituut voor Water en Wetland Research, Radboud Universiteit, Heyendaalseweg 135, 6525 AJ Nijmegen Overname van informatie is toegestaan mits de bron duidelijk wordt vermeld en geen rechten van derden gelden. Inhoudsopgave Samenvatting .................................................................................................................................... 4 English summary .............................................................................................................................. 7 1. Introductie ..................................................................................................................................... 9 1.1 Achtergrond en probleemstelling .............................................................................................. 9 1.2 Doel- en vraagstelling ............................................................................................................. 10 1.3 Afbakening en samenhang van het onderzoek ...................................................................... 10 1.4 Samenhang van het onderzoek ............................................................................................. 11 2. Materialen en methoden ............................................................................................................. 13 2.1. Databronnen uitheemse soorten ........................................................................................... 13 2.1.1 Uitheemse plantensoorten .............................................................................................. 13 2.1.2 Onbedoelde import planten, dieren en overige organismen ........................................... 14 2.1.3 Gebruik van uitheemse biologische bestrijders .............................................................. 15 2.1.4 Soortbeschrijving en taxonomie ...................................................................................... 15 2.2 Pathways voor introductie in Nederland ................................................................................. 15 2.3 Aanvulling datasets met gegevens herkomst, verspreiding en risico’s ................................... 18 2.3.1 Herkomst ........................................................................................................................ 18 2.3.2 Jaar van eerste waarneming .......................................................................................... 18 2.3.3 Pathways voor verspreiding in Nederland ...................................................................... 19 2.3.4 Introductiedruk ................................................................................................................ 19 2.3.5 Verspreiding in Nederland .............................................................................................. 19 2.3.6 Vestigingsstatus .............................................................................................................. 20 2.3.7 Invasiviteit ....................................................................................................................... 20 2.3.8 Risico’s van uitheemse sierteeltsoorten .......................................................................... 21 2.3.8.1 Effecten op biodiversiteit ......................................................................................... 22 2.3.8.2 Effecten op het functioneren van ecosystemen ...................................................... 24 2.3.8.3 Effecten op ecosysteemdiensten ............................................................................ 25 2.3.8.4 Gevolgen voor volksgezondheid ............................................................................. 26 2.3.8.5 Effecten op veiligheid, infrastructuur en gebouwen ................................................. 26 2.4 Data-analyse .......................................................................................................................... 27 2.4.1 Trendanalyse sierteeltketen in Nederland ...................................................................... 27 2.4.2 Vergelijking effecten van invasieve exoten ..................................................................... 27 2.5 Statistische analyses .............................................................................................................. 28 3. Resultaten ................................................................................................................................... 29 3.1 Ontwikkelingen in de sierteeltsector ....................................................................................... 29 3.1.1 Omzet sector .................................................................................................................. 30 3.1.2 Marktaandeel .................................................................................................................. 30 1 3.1.3 Trends in plantenassortiment .......................................................................................... 31 3.1.4 Veranderingen in productie ............................................................................................. 32 3.1.5 Veranderingen in (inter)nationale handel ........................................................................ 32 3.1.6 Internethandel ................................................................................................................. 32 3.1.7 Introductie en verspreiding invasieve exoten .................................................................. 33 3.1.8 Ontwikkelingen biologische bestrijding met exoten ........................................................ 33 3.1.9 (Inter)nationale regelgeving en instrumenten ................................................................. 34 3.1.10 Maatschappelijk verantwoord ondernemen .................................................................. 35 3.2 Trends en risico’s van soorten ................................................................................................ 35 3.2.1 Pathways voor introductie in Nederland ......................................................................... 37 3.2.2 Herkomst ........................................................................................................................ 38 3.2.3 Eerste waarneming in het wild ........................................................................................ 39 3.2.4 Pathways voor verspreiding in Nederland ...................................................................... 40 3.2.5 Introductiedruk ................................................................................................................ 40 3.2.6 Verspreiding in Nederland .............................................................................................. 42 3.2.7 Vestigingsstatus .............................................................................................................. 43 3.2.8 Invasiviteit ....................................................................................................................... 44 3.2.9 Effecten op biodiversiteit ................................................................................................. 45 3.2.10 Effecten op functioneren van ecosystemen .................................................................. 46 3.2.11 Effecten op ecosysteemdiensten .................................................................................. 48 3.2.12 Gevolgen voor de volksgezondheid .............................................................................
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