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VANDEL Consacré Aux Isopodes Terrestres FÉDÉRATION FRANÇAISE DES SOCIÉTÉS DE SCIENCES NATURELLES B.P. 392 – 75232 PARIS Cedex 05 Association régie par la loi du 1er juillet 1901, fondée en 1919, reconnue d’utilité publique en 1926 Membre fondateur de l’UICN – Union Mondiale pour la Nature La FÉDÉRATION FRANÇAISE DES SOCIÉTÉS DE SCIENCES NATURELLES a été fondée en 1919 et reconnue d'utilité publique par décret du 30 Juin 1926. Elle groupe des Associations qui ont pour but, entièrement ou partiellement, l'étude et la diffusion des Sciences de la Nature. La FÉDÉRATION a pour mission de faire progresser ces sciences, d'aider à la protection de la Nature, de développer et de coordonner des activités des Associations fédérées et de permettre l'expansion scientifique française dans le domaine des Sciences Naturelles. (Art .1 des statuts). La FÉDÉRATION édite la « Faune de France ». Depuis 1921, date de publication du premier titre, 91 volumes sont parus. Cette prestigieuse collection est constituée par des ouvrages de faunistique spécialisés destinés à identifier des vertébrés, invertébrés et protozoaires, traités par ordre ou par famille que l'on rencontre en France ou dans une aire géographique plus vaste (ex. Europe de l’ouest). Ces ouvrages s'adressent tout autant aux professionnels qu'aux amateurs. Ils ont l'ambition d'être des ouvrages de référence, rassemblant, notamment pour les plus récents, l'essentiel des informations scientifiques disponibles au jour de leur parution. L’édition de la Faune de France est donc l’œuvre d’une association à but non lucratif animée par une équipe entièrement bénévole. Les auteurs ne perçoivent aucun droits, ni rétributions. L’essentiel des ressources financières provient de la vente des ouvrages. N’hésitez pas à aider notre association, consultez notre site (www.faunedefrance.org), et soutenez nos publications en achetant les ouvrages! La FÉDÉRATION, à travers son comité Faune de France a décidé de mettre gracieusement, sur Internet, à la disposition de la communauté naturaliste l'intégralité du texte, du volume 64 d’Albert VANDEL consacré aux Isopodes terrestres. Édité en 1960, ce volume est actuellement épuisé et il ne sera pas réédité. Cet ouvrage est sous une licence Creative Commons pour vous permettre légalement de dupliquer, le diffuser et de modifier cette création….. Montpellier, le 09 novembre 2010 le Comité FAUNE DE FRANCE Creative Commons Paternité - Pas d'Utilisation Commerciale - Partage des Conditions Initiales à l'Identique 2.0 France Vous êtes libres : • de reproduire, distribuer et communiquer cette création au public • de modifier cette création Selon les conditions suivantes : Paternité. Vous devez citer le nom de l'auteur original. Pas d'Utilisation Commerciale. Vous n'avez pas le droit d'utiliser cette création à des fins commerciales. Partage des Conditions Initiales à l'Identique. Si vous modifiez, transformez ou adaptez cette création, vous n'avez le droit de distribuer la création qui en résulte que sous un contrat identique à celui-ci. • A chaque réutilisation ou distribution, vous devez faire apparaître clairement aux autres les conditions contractuelles de mise à disposition de cette création. • Chacune de ces conditions peut être levée si vous obtenez l'autorisation du titulaire des droits. Ce qui précède n'affecte en rien vos droits en tant qu'utilisateur (exceptions au droit d'auteur : copies réservées à l'usage privé du copiste, courtes citations, parodie...) Ceci est le Résumé Explicatif du Code Juridique (la version intégrale du contrat). Avertissement Découvrez comment diffuser votre création en utilisant ce contrat FÉDÉRATION FRANÇAISE DES SOCIÉTÉS DE SCIENCES NATURELLES OFFICE CENTRAL DE FAUNISTIQUE Directeur honoraire: P. de BEAUCHAMP Directeur: L. CHOPARD Ouvrage publié avec le concours du Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique. FAUNE DE FRANCE 64 ISOPODES TERRESTRES (PREMIÈRE PAnTlE) PAR Albert VAN DEL Membre de l'Institut, Professeur à la Faculté des Sciences, Toulouse. Avec 205 .......jgures PAR:IS ËDITIONS PAUL LECHEVALIER. 12. RUE DE TOURNON (VIe) 1960 PARTIE GÉNÉRALE INTRODUCTION Les Oniscoidea, appelés vulgairement Cloportes (1), constituent l'un des neuf sous-ordres de l'ordre des Isopodes. Du fait de leur vie terrestre, ils tiennent une place particulière parmi les Isopodes, et même au sein de la classe des Crustacés. Les zoologistes orientés vers l'étude des formes marines les ont négligés. Par contrp, les Oniscoïdes ont retenu l'attention des naturalistes qui se sentent attirés par la faune terrestre, et que leurs goùts rapprochent bien plus des entomologistes, des arachnologistes et des myriapodologistes que des océanographes. Des raisons d'ordre pratique bien plus que théorique ont conduit les zoologistes qui se sont adonnés à l'élude des Isopodes à accorder leurs préférences, soit aux formes aquatiques, soit aux espèces terrestres; bien rares sont ceux qui comme G. O. SARS, le Rev. T. R. R. STEllDlNG, K. H. BARNARD, Th. MONOD, ont porté une é~ale attention à tous les représentants de l'ordre. Ainsi, est née une discipline autonome, vouée aux sruls Oniscoïdes, cultivée par des zoologistes - les isopodologues - qui ont consacré à ce groupe, la plus grande part, d, parfois, la totalité de leur œuvre scientifique. Elle prend place dans cet immense domaine des sciences de la nature qui ont pris les Arthropodes terrestres pour objet de leurs études. En écrivant cet ouvrage, mon but n'était point seulement de dresser un catalogue des espèces françaises, accompagné de la mention de leurs caractères distinctifs, car rien alors ne distinguerait une « Faune )1 d'une quelconque publication philatélique ou numismatique. Il ne faut jamais perdre de vue que chaque espèce animale possède, tout comme un~ famille humaine, son individualité propre. Il est non seulement nécessaire d'en énumérer les caractères morphologiques, mais il convient encore d'établir sa parenté avec les formes voisines, retracer son histoire ct ses vicissitudes. 1. D'après A. DRACIIET (Dictionnaixo étymologique do la langue française. Paris, 1872, p. 139), le terme de Œoporte viendrait de • Œausporc D, altération des ùeux mots latins: clausus porcus. Le terme ùe • porc D sert souvent il. les désigner: porcellio, en latin j • kalou D, en patois dauphinois; • trec D (truie), en Anjou. Le terme d' • âne D leur est aussi fréquemment appliqué: ô~laxo" en grec; asellu8, en latin. Cf. aussi NOBLEYILLE, 1756, p. 549. 2 ISOPODES TERRESTRLS Il Y a des sédentaires qui n'ont jamais quitté leur pays d'orig'ine et d'au- tres qui ont accompli d'immenses migrations, actives ou passives, qui les ont porté loin de leur patrie. Il y a des relictes, ultimes témoins d'anciennes faunes aujourd'hui décimées. Il y a des prolifiques, et d'autres à multi- plication très limitée. Chaque espèce a ses mœurs, ses habitats particu- liers. Il y en a qui se montrent relativement indifférents aux conditions climatiques, et d'autres qui ont des exigences extrêmement strictes à ce point de vue. C'est seulement lorsque tous ces aspects auront été évoqués que l'image d'une espèce animale apparaîtra avec quelque fidélité. Du même coup, le livre s'animera; il cessera d'être un aride catalogue, pour devenir la vivante histoire d'un groupement animal. En rédigeant ce volume, j'ai eu la préoecupation de ne point réserv€r cet ouvrage 11l'usage des seuls spécialistes, mais de lui ouvrir une plus vaste audience. La précieuse collection des volumes de la {(Faune de France » est fréquemment consultée, non seulement dans un but de pure détermination, mais encore dans l'espoir d'obtenir des renseigne- ments sur la répartition, le mode de vie, les mœurs, les dates d'appariti()n et de reproduction des espèces françaises. Je me suis efforcé, dans la mesure où le permethmt nos connaissances actuelles, de satisfaire <"2S l~gitime:5 exigence:5. Les Isopodes terrestres, et tout spécialement ceux qui mènent une vie 't'ndogée ou cavernicole, constituent d'excellents indicateurs bio- géographiques. C'est la raison pour laquelle la répartition des espèces fran'Çaises a toujours été soigneusement pr~isée, et s()uvent illustrée par des cartes de répartition. n nous a semblé que cet aspect des études isopoù:ologiques était susceptible d'intéresser non seulement les zoolo- gistes, mais encore les biogéographes et les géologues. C'est afin de tenir c-ompte de ces multiples données que l'élude de chaque espèce française comporte huit paragraphes qui traitent des matières suivantes: 10 SYNONYMIE. 20 MORPHOLOGIE. - Bibliographie. - T.aille. - Colomtion. - Appareil oculaire. - Caractères tègumentaires. - Caractères somatiques. - L\ppendices. - Caractères sexuels. 30 AFFINITÉS. 40 REPRODUCTION. - Proportion sexuelle. - Époque de reproduction. - Nombre de portées annuelles. - Nombre d'œufs ou d'embryons renfermés dans le marsupium. - Cotylédons. 50 PARASITES. 60 ÉCOLOGIE. 7° RÉPARTITION GÉOGRAPHIQUE. - Répartition générale. - Hépa!'. tition en France (bibliographie, localités précises). 80 PALÉONTOLOGIE. INTRODUCTION J'ai appurtA une partieulièrl' al trntion /1 l'iwnol£raphiA 'IUB je me ~uis rlforcè lie rendre uUi"i abondantt~ l,t prpl'isB 'lue possible; car un Traité iSllpotiolol(ique, privé de figuf<ls, l'lImme l'dui de BUDDE?LmolD, est aujourd'hui proprement impensable. ~auf quelques très raFes excaptions, tOUtt'lDles fi~urt'I:l fôont originales ou Ur.él's des publiealionii da l'auteur. Lelrl figures ~HO, :H:l, ~~~, :ll}9, aiO, a~7, ;j~, a90' et 399 60nt dues au très beau talent de de"llinateur Ilf' M. GAILLARD. Le. ear~ ont été exé. ('utées par mes collaboratrices techniques, Mlle SALTET et Mlle ROUQUIER. Le présent ouvrage IlP fonde tout d'abord sur une bibliographie qui a ét.é rassemblée de fa\..~U1aushi c~Jlnplète et aussi wig-neuse que possible. L'uutl'ur S'Cllt a;;treint il tinalysrr l't>nscmble de la bibliographie isopo- dolog-ique, car des renseignements fort précieux relatifs il. des espèces françaises se sont parfois ['g-ari's dans des mémoires consacrés aux faunes tic l'.\frique tropicale ou de l'Extrème-Orient.
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