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The Oldest Parks in Turku

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The Oldest Parks in Turku Cathedral Park • Brahe Park • Porthan Park THE OLDEST PARKS IN TURKU 1 A section of a map drawn up by surveyor Johan Tillberg during 1808-1818. Image: National Archives. ©BLOM 2008 The City of Turku is founded. Turku Cathedral, which was constructed on the hill of Unikankare, is inaugurated. The bishopric is moved from Koroinen to Turku. The Dominican convent is established next to the city. The earliest reference to the headmaster of the The first garden of Finland, “hortus conclusus”, belonged to cathedral school of Turku is recorded. The primary The Hospital of St George, which cared for the St Olaf Dominican convent on the hill of Kaskenmäki. task of the cathedral school was to train priests. Novgorodians devastate Turku. leprous patients, is mentioned for the first time. The Hospital was located outside the city, on the west side of Aura River. 13th century The first years of the 14th century 1309 1318 1324 Early 14th century In 1355 the oldest guild of Turku, Guild of St Nicholas, is Latter half of the 14th century Rural settlement at the location The first literal reference to Turku as a city The mayor of Turku and the city council A city hall made of stone is constructed mentioned for the first time. The guild house was located The urban settlement expands on the eastern side where Turku would later be founded. is recorded. The oldest seal of the city dates are mentioned for the first time. at the end of the Great Market. in the Convent Quarter, south of the Great Market. of Aura River, expanding also to the west side of back to the same year. the river. 3 CONTENTS The winds of history caress the treescape .................................................... 7 Brahe Park, Porthan Park and Cathedral Park – The parks of the Nicholas Square .............................................. 8 A city covered by parks ................................ 12 The old city centre of Turku in the flux of time ......................................... 14 Renewal of the trees of the Old Great Market and the Cathedral Square .......................................... 16 Tree renewal planning map ........................ 20 Text: Mari Helin, Turku Municipal Green Area Corporation Kaarin Kurri, Cultural Services, Museum Centre of Turku Aki Pihlman, Cultural Services, Museum Centre of Turku Iina Paasikivi, Environmental and City Planning Department Aki Männistö, Turku Municipal Green Area Corporation Images: Front cover image: Vastavalo. Photoarchive of Turku, Museum Centre of Turku, Blom Finland, Dimmi, Environmental and City Planning Department, Municipal Green Area Corporation, Municipal Property Corporation Layout: Mainostoimisto Dimmi Place of publication: Turku Administration Printing Services, Turku 2011 Paper: Edixion, climate compensated paper. Minting begins in Turku during the rule of King Eric The convent of St Olaf burned down By the decision of Gustav Vasa, Sweden breaks A customs fence is built around the The first tree-lined allé, of Pomerania. Minting took place also during the along with a large portion of the city. from the Catholic Church. It was the beginning The Dominican convent is city. The fence is made of wood, and Linnankatu, is created. It is Per Brahe commands the remodelling rule of Gustav Vasa in the 1520s and from 1556- After the fire, the convent was recon- of the Reformation. Power and property of the destroyed during a city fire in its sections crossing over hills are the first of its kind in Finland. of the city plan. The large garden plots 1558. The mint was located in Turku Castle. structed with stone and bricks. Church was transferred to the crown. 1537, ending its operations. reinforced with stones. of Herrainkulma are created. Ca. 1410 1414 1429 15th century 1509 1520s 1530 1537 1556–1563 1620s 1634 1637 1640 Ca. 1650 Ca.1670 The first reference to a bridge crossing The urban settlement expands with the Danish war chief First references to court- Duke John has a garden Surveyor Olof Gangius is The Royal Academy of The botanical garden Aura River is recorded. The bridge was Mätäjärvi Quarter, when the western Otte Rud and his yards with fruit bearing with herbs and fruit trees in responsible for creating the oldest Turku is founded . of the Academy is located in front of the Great Market. end of the lake is being filled. troops pillage Turku. trees are recorded. Turku Castle. city map of Turku. founded. 4 5 THE WINDS OF HISTORY CARESS THE TREESCAPE Trees are an essential part of our cityscape. park trees have been removed, they have not and the Museum Centre. The historical and Trees and parks are very important to the city always been replaced or the new trees have been cultural historic values of the area were key dwellers. Turku’s long history is closely entwined planted in different spots, gradually altering themes for the work group. with its parks. Throughout history, discussion the overall appearance of the parks. Planting related to parks has often been emotionally individual trees in the shadow of larger trees Despite its extensive history, the area provides charged, which is all well and good. One of has meant that the selection of the habitat a public, everyday setting for the city dwellers. the challenges posed by parks is that they are has mostly been based on the optimisation of The Proclamation of Christmas Peace and the constantly living and evolving organisms that the light conditions. This development has recent Medieval Market events gather thousands cannot be turned into museums. On the other threatened the survival of the designs of the of visitors. The parks in the Old Great Market hand, this is part of their attraction. parks. Additionally, the number of wood- are classified as representative recreation areas, decaying fungi has increased significantly in which require daily care. The management and Historical parks have evolved from their the recent years due to the aging and poor renewal of these parks is based on maintaining original appearance overall condition of the trees. a high quality environment while maintaining the cultural historic and aesthetic values of the The most recognised and prestigious historical Renewal and replenishment plan to areas. The project had to also deal with the parks in the downtown area are located restore the glory of the parks inevitable process of renewing trees. Old trees between Turku Cathedral and the Old Great were not cut down inconsiderately. Overall, Market. The Brahe Park, Porthan Park and Something had to be done for our historical 20 trees were cut down while 69 new trees Cathedral Park were constructed around mid- parks. A work group was founded in 2006 to were planted. 1830s according to Per Johan Gylich’s designs. draw up a renewal and replenishment plan Each of the parks has gone through numerous for the trees for the purpose of protecting The parks of the Great Market are part of changes, the most significant of which were due the future of the parks. The plan was to not the Cultural Capital Park in 2011. The tree to the erection of the monuments for Porthan only renew the trees but to restore the cultural renewal strategy was among the application and Brahe. The historical stratification of the historic and architectural aspects of the parks. criteria for designating Turku as the European parks is evident. The work group consisted of experts from City of the Trees 2011. the Green Area Corporation, the Property The oldest plantations of the parks date back Corporation, the Environmental and City Each generation has its own specific landscape. to the 1830s. Through the years, whenever the Planning Department, the City Planning Office We believe we have done our share for protecting this landscape. On behalf of the work group, Mari Helin Chairwoman of the Work Group 2006 to 2011, Turku Municipal Green Area Corporation Lauri Laine Turku Municipal Property Corporation Anu Nuora Turku Municipal Green Area Corporation Aki Männistö Turku Municipal Green Area Corporation Timo Kajava Turku Municipal Green Area Corporation Ritva Nummiora Turku Environmental and City Planning Department Johanna Salmela Turku Environmental and City Planning Department Hillevi Ahlroth Turku Environmental and City Planning Department Iina Paasikivi Turku Environmental and City Planning Department The first common lilacs are Pehr Kalm is appointed Professor of Economics Christian Friedrich Kaarin Kurri Cultural Services, Museum Centre of Turku planted in pharmacist Professor Pehr Adrian Gadd’s The park promenade is Synneberg’s garden. of the Academy. garden is constructed on the Schröder is named the Aki Pihlman Cultural Services, Museum Centre of Turku City Architect of Turku. created at the Kupittaa hill of Kakolanmäki. spring pavilion. 1713–1721 1728 1734-36 1747 Ca. 1750 1752 1765 1757 1760s The Russians occupy Turku The City Hall designed by 1750s The Sipsalo estate The botanical garden is transferred during the Greater Wrath. Samuel Berner is built, Berner Rows of trees are planted along Iso Kirkkokatu, in Hirvensalo is next to Aura River (currently known the Great Market and Hämeenkatu. 6 is appointed City Architect of Turku. occupied by Kalm. as the Sibelius museum). 7 Nicholas Square in 1863. The western park had already been remodelled in Cathedral Park • Brahe Park • Porthan Park late 1840s, when a mineral water kiosk was constructed in the middle of Nicholas Square was divided into parks and paved pathways the park. Pinella is already in its current location. Its former location was according to City Architect P.J. Gylich’s designs in 1835. the central square, which became the location of Porthan’s statue in the The Parks of NICHOLAS SQUARE Image by TKA. following year. Image by TMK. The western park of Nicholas Square in 1854. The tent roof of the pavilion built in 1849 can be seen in the middle, and the portico built in 1836, serving as a fishing harbour for the market tra- de, can be seen in the foreground.
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