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Tesis: Tlalocan, Paraíso Del Agua. Documental Sobre

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Tesis: Tlalocan, Paraíso Del Agua. Documental Sobre UNIVERSIDAD NACIONAL AUTÓNOMA DE MEXICO POSGRADO EN ARTES Y DISEÑO TLALOCAN, PARAÍSO DEL AGUA. DOCUMENTAL SOBRE ABASTO DE AGUA Y DESAGÜE DE LA CIUDAD DE MÉXICO TESIS QUE PARA OPTAR POR EL GRADO DE: MAESTRO EN CINE DOCUMENTAL PRESENTA: ANDRÉS PULIDO ESTEVA DIRECTOR DE TESIS: DRA. LILIANA CORDERO MARINES (PAD) SINODALES: DR. DIEGO ZAVALA SCHERER (PAD) DRA. ILIANA DEL CARMEN ORTEGA VACA (PAD) DR. ANTONIO DEL RIVERO HERRERA (PAD) CINEASTA MARIA DEL CARMEN DE LARA RANGEL (PAD) Méxcio D.F. Enero, 2016 UNAM – Dirección General de Bibliotecas Tesis Digitales Restricciones de uso DERECHOS RESERVADOS © PROHIBIDA SU REPRODUCCIÓN TOTAL O PARCIAL Todo el material contenido en esta tesis esta protegido por la Ley Federal del Derecho de Autor (LFDA) de los Estados Unidos Mexicanos (México). El uso de imágenes, fragmentos de videos, y demás material que sea objeto de protección de los derechos de autor, será exclusivamente para fines educativos e informativos y deberá citar la fuente donde la obtuvo mencionando el autor o autores. Cualquier uso distinto como el lucro, reproducción, edición o modificación, será perseguido y sancionado por el respectivo titular de los Derechos de Autor. ÍNDICE Agradecimientos Introducción ··························································································· 4 ································································································· 6 El problema y las formas de ilustrarlo ··················································· 7 Los objetivos y la perspectiva ····························································· 12 Estructura y capítulos ········································································· 15 1. Imágenes acuáticas: el agua en el cine documental ················································································· 18 1.1. El agua: entre Narciso y Tláloc ····················································· 19 1.2. La observación del agua ································································ 22 1.3. La interacción con el agua ····························································· 28 1.4. Dos ríos ······················································································· 31 1.5. El agua como recurso ··································································· 39 1.6. El sonido y el agua ········································································ 41 1.7. El agua y el medio ambiente ························································· 49 1.8. El agua y la guerra ········································································ 55 1.9. La sustancia contemplada y los métodos de contemplación ························································· 58 2. Restos de lo ausente: Una revisión sobre el patrimonio natural y el agua en el cine documental mexicano ········································································· 61 2.1. Río Escondido ·············································································· 61 2 2.2. El control del agua ········································································ 63 2.3. Canal de la Viga ············································································ 66 2.4. Quien Resulte Responsable ··························································· 67 2.5. El agua del Mezquital y el Cutzamala ············································· 69 2.6. El agua contaminada ···································································· 73 2.7. Sembradores de agua ··································································· 75 2 2.8. H O MX ························································································ 77 2.9. Río Lerma y Caracol ····································································· 81 3. Construcción de obras y discursos: Noticieros cinematográficos y desagüe de la Ciudad de México ························································································ 88 3.1. Ola de intereses ············································································ 90 3.2. Nuevas leyes y nuevas obras ························································· 95 3.3. Del poniente al subterráneo ·························································· 99 3.4. Otros documentales ··································································· 104 3.5. Patrimonio cultural y reapropiación ··········································· 106 Conclusiones Referencias ····························································································· 115 ······························································································· 125 Bibliográficas ··················································································· 126 Filmográficas ··················································································· 130 Hemerográficas ················································································ 132 Electrónicas ····················································································· 133 3 AGRADECIMIENTOS La presente tesis, conformada por el texto y por el cortometraje documental que lo complementa, requirió de mucho esfuerzo por parte del autor y de las personas que conformaron el equipo de filmación. Pero también, fue necesario el apoyo de diversas personas e instituciones que mencionaré a continuación. En primer lugar, quiero agradecer a la Dra. Liliana Cordero Marines, quien constantemente me brindó su apoyo intelectual para la realización del trabajo, así como la confianza para desarrollarlo. Del mismo modo, la lectura y las sugerencias de la Dra. Iliana Ortega Vaca, de la cineasta María del Carmen de Lara Rangel, del Dr. Diego Zavala Scherer y del Dr. Antonio del Rivero Herrera, fueron fundamentales en la elaboración de este texto, mientras que las observaciones de los cineastas Carlos Mendoza Aupetit, de Mario Luna, y de todos los profesores de la maestría en cine documental, me permitieron completar este trabajo. Especialmente, quiero agradecer a las personas que me ayudaron en la realización del cortometraje “Tlalocan, paraíso del agua”, aportando su tiempo y su conocimiento de manera profesional y apasionada. Particularmente a Sheila Altamirano y a Olivia Portillo, quienes estuvieron presentes a lo largo de todo el rodaje. Pero también a Alejandro Ortíz, Carlos Arriaga, Oscar G. Hernández, Fermín Ramírez, Diego Carmona, Erick Tapia, Immanuel Miralda, Amaranta Díaz, Abdel Cuauhtli, Rebeca Durán, Rita Ponce de León, Pedro Westendarp, Luis Morales, Anuar Yahya, Paola Guillén, Ana Belén Ortíz, César Juárez y a muchos más que confiaron en mi proyecto y aportaron sus habilidades. 4 Debo agradecer también a todos mis compañeros de la maestría en cine documental, al personal administrativo, académico y técnico del Posgrado en Artes y Diseño, y del Centro Universitario de Estudios Cinematográficos, particularmente a Teresa Carvajal, a Tere Viñas, a Ciro Cabello, a Antonio Ruiz y Juan Mora. Fueron fundamentales las personas que me apoyaron en todo el proceso de investigación y búsqueda de archivos cinematográficos, y entre quienes quiero agradecer a la Dra. Christina Siebe, al Dr. Manuel Perló Cohen, a Juliana Bitancourt, a Manuel Márquez, Rocío González de Arce, Jesse Lerner, Sandra Rozenthal, Ezequiel Reyes, J.P. Sniadecki, Jeff Silva, Nahún Calleros, Lic. Jorge Vidaurreta Álvarez, Michael Ramos Araiza En cuanto a las instituciones, en primer lugar agradezco enormemente a la UNAM, no solo por brindarme el apoyo económico a través de la beca, sino por todos los recursos y facilidades de una institución tan noble. Particularmente, le agradezco a la Filmoteca, al CUEC, a la Academia de San Carlos, al Instituto de Biología, al Instituto de Ecología y al Instituto de Geología, todos ellos de la UNAM. Así mismo, a Fundación Televisa, a Cineteca Nacional, a Isla Urbana y Cinema Planeta. Finalmente, quiero agradecer a mi familia, por todo el apoyo intelectual, afectivo y económico que me brindaron en este proceso. A mi madre Lourdes Esteva. A mi padre Javier Pulido y a su pareja Sarah. A mi hermana Natalia y a mis hermanos Diego y Javier. A mis tías y tíos, primas y primos. A Nadia de la Uz y a todos mis amigos. Y por supuesto a Iliana Sánchez, quien me apoyó no sólo con su cariño, sino también con su trabajo en el rodaje y con sus ideas. 5 INTRODUCCIÓN Escribir una tesis de cine documental que acompañe a un producto audiovisual es una tarea que nos enfrenta con una primera dificultad: se trata de un texto que busca hacer una reflexión sobre las particularidades de este tipo cine, pero que a su vez, debe explorar y aproximarse a las características del tema que se aborda en la realización. En este caso, el problema del agua en la Ciudad de México, particularmente el del desagüe y el abasto. Por lo tanto, una de las preocupaciones que estuvo presente durante la elaboración de este texto fue la de mantener un equilibrio entre las reflexiones sobre el soporte cinematográfico, y la descripción de las características del problema que es retratado en el cortometraje documental que dirigí. Para ello, las preguntas que pretendo responder en esta tesis son: ¿Cómo se construye y para qué se ha utilizado el medio que yo uso, es decir, el cine documental? ¿Qué connotaciones tiene eso en el trabajo audiovisual que realicé? ¿Qué características de forma y estilo tienen los documentales que abordan el tema del agua a lo largo de la historia y de la evolución del cine? ¿Cuáles son las características
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