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The Interpretation of to Einai Isa Theo in Phil 2:6: "Equality with God"?

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The Interpretation of to Einai Isa Theo in Phil 2:6: The Interpretation of to einai isa theo in Phil 2:6: "Equality with God"? Thèse Benjamin Karleen Doctorat en études anciennes Philosophiæ doctor (Ph. D.) Québec, Canada © Benjamin Karleen, 2021 RÉSUMÉ Phil 2.6-11 figure parmi les passages bibliques les plus étudiés. Les exégètes ne cessent pas d’examiner l’extrait du point de vue de son origine, sa structure, son arrière-plan conceptuel, sa doctrine christologique, et son vocabulaire. La majorité des traductions anglaises rendent la phrase grecque τὸ εἶναι ἴσα θεῷ dans Phil 2.6b « to be equal with God » ou « equality with God » comme commentaire sur la nature de la relation de Jésus Christ avec Dieu le Père. Toutefois, bon nombre de facteurs suggère que cette interprétation n’est pas conforme au sens du discours. La littérature secondaire avant les années 70 démontre une tendance de lire τὸ εἶναι ἴσα θεῷ comme commentaire sur les circonstances du Christ plutôt que sur son essence ontologique. Toutefois, dans la littérature plus récente, la phrase est moins traitée, et le sens présumé est souvent celui d’égalité d’essence plutôt que circonstance. Cette thèse se veut un nouveau regard sur le sens de τὸ εἶναι ἴσα θεῷ dans son contexte et vise à avancer l’étude scientifique par une approche interdisciplinaire. Pour bien entamer l’étude de Phil 2.6, nous considérons tout d’abord le grec néotestamentaire dans le contexte de la littérature grecque générale de l’époque. Ensuite vient un survol des questions d’arrière-plan majeures nécessaire pour une compréhension juste de l’Épître aux Philippiens. Le troisième chapitre introductif décrit l’état de la recherche et de la traduction de τὸ εἶναι ἴσα θεῷ dans Phil 2.6b. Ces chapitres introductifs sont suivis d’un examen de la manière avec laquelle les Pères grecs de l’Église emploient τὸ εἶναι ἴσα θεῷ jusqu’au cinquième siècle de notre ère. Ensuite le mot grec ἴσα est étudié du point de vue morphologique, syntaxique, et sémantique avec exemples tirés de la littérature grecque. Troisièmement, nous nous penchons sur un bon nombre d’exemples de la phrase comme expression courante dans la littérature grecque à partir d’Homère jusqu’à la période byzantine. En dernier, nous considérons la manière avec laquelle ces données peuvent influencer la lecture de Phil 2.6-11 dans le contexte de la lettre. Notre conclusion affirme en bonne partie ce que disait la littéraire secondaire concernant τὸ εἶναι ἴσα θεῷ avant les années 1970, tout en offrant une gamme de données patristiques et linguistiques beaucoup plus considérable qu’auparavant. ii ABSTRACT The interpretation of Phil 2:6-11 has occupied exegetes as much as any other passage in the New Testament. Scholars continue to study the passage’s origin, strophic structure, conceptual background, Christology, and vocabulary. The majority of modern translations render the Greek phrase τὸ εἶναι ἴσα θεῷ in Phil 2:6b as “to be equal with God” or more commonly “equality with God” as a comment on the nature of Jesus Christ’s relationship to God the Father. A number of factors, however, would suggest that this interpretation misses the meaning of the Greek phrase. The secondary literature from before the 1970s shows a more frequent tendency to read τὸ εἶναι ἴσα θεῷ as a comment on Christ’s circumstances rather than his ontological being. In the more recent literature, the phrase is treated less extensively, and the assumption is often for τὸ εἶναι ἴσα θεῷ as equality. This dissertation revisits the question of the meaning of τὸ εἶναι ἴσα θεῷ in its context and casts new light on the scholarly discussion. To set the stage for the study of Phil 2:6, we consider the nature of the Greek of the New Testament in relation to wider Greek literature. Then we survey the major background questions necessary to an accurate understanding of the letter to the Philippians in its context. Third, we survey the state of research and English translation of τὸ εἶναι ἴσα θεῷ in Phil 2:6b. These introductory chapters are followed first by an examination of the way that the Greek Fathers employed τὸ εἶναι ἴσα θεῷ during the second through fifth centuries. Second, the Greek word ἴσα is considered from morphological, syntactic, and semantic points of view with examples from the wider literature. Third, we examine an extenstive set of occurrences of ἴσα θεῷ/θεοῖς as a common collocation in Greek literature from Homer on down. Lastly, we apply the data of these areas to Phil 2:6-11 in the context of the letter. Our conclusions confirm much of what was offered in the older secondary literature, while presenting a wider range of patristic and linguistic data than had been previously brought to bear on the question of the meaning of τὸ εἶναι ἴσα θεῷ. iii THE INTERPRETATION OF τὸ εἶναι ἴσα θεῷ IN PHIL 2:6: “EQUALITY WITH GOD”? CONTENTS RÉSUMÉ ........................................................................................................................... ii ABSTRACT ...................................................................................................................... iii CONVENTIONS ............................................................................................................. viii FOREWORD .................................................................................................................... x INTRODUCTION ............................................................................................................. 1 Chapter 1: The Greek of the New Testament Authors and the Epistle to the Philippians .... 3 The Greek of the NT Authors ................................................................................. 3 1.1.1 Survey of History of the Greek Language to 529 AD .......................................... 3 1.1.2 Validity of Diachronic and Synchronic Characterizations .................................... 6 1.1.2.1 Diachronic Characterizations ...................................................................... 7 1.1.2.2 Synchronic Characterizations ................................................................... 11 1.1.2.2.1 Semitic Characterizations ..................................................................... 13 1.1.2.2.2 Superior Greek Characterizations .......................................................... 29 1.1.2.2.3 Homogenous “NT Greek” Characterizations .......................................... 29 The Greek of Philippians ..................................................................................... 31 1.2.1 The language of Philippians as reflecting to a considerable degree the language of its time 31 1.2.1.1 Phonology and Morphology ..................................................................... 31 1.2.1.2 Lexical Semantics ................................................................................... 32 1.2.1.3 Syntax .................................................................................................... 33 1.2.1.4 Genre ..................................................................................................... 36 1.2.1.5 Register .................................................................................................. 39 1.2.1.6 Rhetorical Notions .................................................................................. 42 1.2.2 The language of Philippians as unique in its time period in certain aspects .......... 44 1.2.2.1 Unique elements in lexical semantics ........................................................ 44 1.2.2.2 Unusual letter length ............................................................................... 44 1.2.2.3 Traits of the author .................................................................................. 45 1.2.3 Conclusion on the Greek of Philippians ........................................................... 48 Chapter 2: Introduction to the Epistle to the Philippians and the Carmen Christi ............ 49 2.1 Introduction ........................................................................................................ 49 2.2 Background Issues to the Epistle .......................................................................... 49 2.2.1 Author and Authenticity ................................................................................. 49 iv 2.2.2 Philippi ......................................................................................................... 50 2.2.3 Paul’s Contact with Philippi and the Philippian Church ..................................... 53 2.2.4 Date and Provenance ...................................................................................... 54 2.2.5 Occasion ....................................................................................................... 56 2.3 Textual Questions ............................................................................................... 60 2.3.1 Integrity of the Letter and Manuscript Tradition ................................................ 60 2.3.2 Letter Genre .................................................................................................. 61 2.3.3 Canon ........................................................................................................... 66 2.4 Content .............................................................................................................. 66 2.4.1 Summary ...................................................................................................... 66 2.4.2 Formal Outline .............................................................................................. 67 2.4.3 Outline
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