NOVATEUR PUBLICATIONS JournalNX- A Multidisciplinary Peer Reviewed Journal ISSN No: 2581 - 4230 VOLUME 6, ISSUE 12, Dec. -2020 WOMAN - SCIENTIST, HISTORIAN, ETHNOGRAPHER TUREEVA GULSARA ARISOVNA Karakalpak state university and associate professors Phone: +998913023830 [email protected]

ABDIROVA GULZADA SARSENBAEVNA Karakalpak state university and assistant Phone: +998994542428 [email protected] . ABSTRACT: Zhdanko was a member of the Khorezm The article is dedicated to the archaeological and ethnographic expedition woman historian, ethnographer T. Zhdanko, organized by the Institute of Ethnography in who devoted her life to the history and 1945-1959. Tatyana Aleksandrovna took an ethnography of the Karakalpaks. active participance in the excavation of KEYWORDS: Toponyms, ethnotoponyms, historical monuments in ancient Khorezm in the tribes, kypchaks, geneology, karakalpaks, archaeological teams of Toprak Kala, as well as ethnogenesis, ethnography. in the fortresses of Koikyrylgan Kala. Since the 1940s, the main focus of her research has been INTRODUCTION: the history and ethnography of the steppe During the years of independence, nomads of Central Asia, as well as the history of attitudes to the past, to our national history, semi-nomads, especially the Karakalpaks. Her spiritual values and traditions of our people candidate (1947) and doctoral (1964) have radically changed. Now the time has come dissertations and scientific works were devoted for a more in-depth objective approach to the to the history and ethnography of the study of past history, and in order to Karakalpak people. comprehend the current events, it is necessary to highlight the history of the study of MAIN PART: ethnotoponyms of the Karakalpaks. Thanks to T. Zhdanko's works are "Essays on the independence, much attention is paid to the historical ethnography of the Karakalpaks", issue of preserving place names and preserving "Karakalpaks of the Khorezm oasis", "On the it as a monument of culture, history, and of now developed lands of , used in course our attitude towards them is very antiquity," "Folk ornamental art of important here. Karakalpakia". Academician S. Kamalov wrote It is very important to study the history ©Æ ®©≥ ≠•≠Ø©≤≥ã òSince 1948 I was able to work of the origin of the terms in order to awaken in in the expedition led by T.A. Zhdanko. Since that young people a feeling of love for the land, love time, I can say that she is both my friend and my for their homeland, the place where they were teacher. She also became a mentor to a number born. of my scientist friends, for example, Zhdanko is a selfless person who made a U.Kh.,Shalekenov, Doctor of Historical Sciences significant contribution to the study of the from Alma-Ata., K.Sh. Shaniyazov from history of the Karakalpaks, wrote more than 80 Tashkent, Sh. Anaklycheva from Ashgabat, L.S. works at international scientific and practical Tolstova and H. Esbergenov. And also conferences. After a graduate school, T.A.

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NOVATEUR PUBLICATIONS JournalNX- A Multidisciplinary Peer Reviewed Journal ISSN No: 2581 - 4230 VOLUME 6, ISSUE 12, Dec. -2020 Bekmuratova from and A. Kachkunov at the relationship between the tribes of this from Kyrgyzstan and many Ø¥®•≤≥ó[2]. large tribe." [4] Yabi and Zhagaltai were Numerous ethnonyms of the Karakalpak considered as the most ancient tribes of the tribes indicate that certain terms (toponyms) tribe. According to the elders, the group were involved in the Karakalpak ethnogenesis ض ò¢¨°£´ +©∞£®°´≥ó ∑°s the first to separate of certain ethnic elements in some situations. from the , who, in turn, split into forms of The last stages of the Karakalpak ethnogenesis ò¥Ø°§ó ¥®°¥ ¨©∂•§ ©Æ +°∫°´®≥¥°Æä !££Ø≤§©Æß ¥Ø ¥®• are associated with the ethnic territory in the genealogy of the , a man named lower reaches of the . The issue of the Tolybai, the common ancestor of the Mayla latest stages of the ethnogenesis of the Balta Kipchak, the Jadik and Saltyr tribes, was Karakalpaks in recent years has not been the adopted son and disciple of Sangmurin discussed either in the field of history or in the Bayimbet, one of the three sons of Tolibai, the field of ethnography. In the Russian chronicles butcher, was nicknamed the Mayly Balta of the , the "black balls" were Kypchak. considered as the ancestors of the Karakalpaks, The Chinese clan of Karakalpaks had a which take place as a generally accepted motto, that is, the clique was "Toksoba". The opinion. scientist explains that the word "toxoba" comes Place names that now appear in the from the word "tok", which usually comes from context of ethnic terms make up a significant the word "soba" (mes), which is used to form part of the toponymy of Karakalpakstan. This kymyz (horse milk). Since the "richest" information indicates that the division of the Kipchaks were engaged in horse breeding, and Karakalpaks into tribes has been preserved the Chinese family was famous for its "elders", since ancient times. [3]. Most of the ethnotonyms of These ethnonyms are also found in the Karakalpakstan have similar terms with the family relationship. For example, the village of Karakalpak people. They are mainly distributed Saltyr (Chimbay, Kegeili), the village of in the northern regions of Karakalpakstan. Sanmuryn (Chimbay, Kegeili), the village of Below we will consider the example of the Tolys (Nukus district, in Khojeyli there is the Kipchak tribe, taking into account the fact that village of Khojan), the village of Shunak the scientist Zhdanko T.A. paid a special (Chimbay, Kegeili), the village of Yaby attention to toponyms created from the (Shymbay, Kegeili), the village of Baganaly Karakalpak tribes (Uryu). (Shymbay), Basar village (Khalgabad), Estek The Kipchaks, who belonged to one of the (Kegeili) village, Jagaltai (Chimbay) village, fourteen tribes of the Karakalpaks, were divided Sumbil village (Nukus district), Yrgakly village into two large sections, which were called "ata" (Nukus district), Ashamayly village (Chimbai, (translation from the Karakalpak "father" or Kegeyli) and Beibay district; The Baibishe tribe from the father's clan), into seven divisions also survived as part of the Karakalpak Muyten, (seven and six ata. Seven include: yaby, aryk , Kipchak and China; zhadik, baganaly, mayly balta, zhagaltai, saltyr This means that in toponymic and in six (alty) atatolys, basar, khanzhigaly, researches, along with history, ethnography, shunak, estek, tubai, sangmuryn and kangly. geography, language and other social sciences, In his memoirs, the scientist points out T.A. Zhdanko, who studied the history and that "the genealogy and legends of the Kipchaks, ethnology of Karakalpakstan, made a huge which we collected in 1945, allow to look deeper contribution to the development of the history 343 | P a g e

NOVATEUR PUBLICATIONS JournalNX- A Multidisciplinary Peer Reviewed Journal ISSN No: 2581 - 4230 VOLUME 6, ISSUE 12, Dec. -2020 of ethnotonyms and of course to the development of young people. She considered herself as a daughter of Karakalpaks.

REFRENCES: 1) Zhdanko T.A. Essays on the historical ethnography of the Karakalpaks. M, 1950; 2) Kamalov. S. About the life and scientific activity of Tatyana Aleksandrovna Zhdanko. Ethnic history and traditional culture of the peoples of Central Asia and . Nukus. 1989. Page13. 3) Zhdanko T.A. Karakalpaks. (a brief outline of history from ancient times to the present day) T., 1971 (co-authored with M.K. Nurmukhamedov and S. Kamalov). Page. 54 4) Zhdanko T.A. Karakalpak Khorezm oasis. Proceedings of the Khorezm Expedition. M., 1952 5) People of ethnography: To the centenary of T.A. Zhdanko. Interview with Academician A. Tishkov. 2009 Internet materials.

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