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SWR2 Musikpassagen SWR2 MANUSKRIPT ESSAYS FEATURES KOMMENTARE VORTRÄGE __________________________________________________________________________ SWR2 Musikpassagen Drei Akkorde und die Wahrheit Der ewig moderne Woody Guthrie Von Luigi Lauer Sendung: Sonntag, 8. April 2018, 23.03 Uhr Redaktion: Anette Sidhu-Ingenhoff Produktion: SWR 2018 __________________________________________________________________________ Bitte beachten Sie: Das Manuskript ist ausschließlich zum persönlichen, privaten Gebrauch bestimmt. Jede weitere Vervielfältigung und Verbreitung bedarf der ausdrücklichen Genehmigung des Urhebers bzw. des SWR. __________________________________________________________________________ Service: Die SWR2 Musikpassagen können Sie auch als Live-Stream hören im SWR2 Webradio unter www.swr2.de __________________________________________________________________________ Kennen Sie schon das Serviceangebot des Kulturradios SWR2? Mit der kostenlosen SWR2 Kulturkarte können Sie zu ermäßigten Eintrittspreisen Veranstaltungen des SWR2 und seiner vielen Kulturpartner im Sendegebiet besuchen. Mit dem Infoheft SWR2 Kulturservice sind Sie stets über SWR2 und die zahlreichen Veranstaltungen im SWR2-Kulturpartner-Netz informiert. Jetzt anmelden unter 07221/300 200 oder swr2.de (O-Ton Nora Guthrie 2004): „1990 ging ich ins Büro von Harold Leventhal, der all die Jahre Manager meines Vaters war, seit meiner Kindheit. Ich fand Kisten mit Briefen, handgeschriebenen Texten, Tagebüchern, Photographien und Zeichnungen, die dort gelagert waren. Als ich alles durchsah, fiel mir auf, dass viele dieser Dokumente alt wurden, und ich rief ganz blauäuigig jemanden an, der etwas von Konservierung verstand. Er sah sich die Sammlung an und gab mir eine Art psychologischen Weckruf, indem er sagte: „Nora, diese Papiere sind sehr bedeutsam für die amerikanische Kultur und die amerikanische Geschichte. Du solltest sie sehr Ernst nehmen und gut darauf achtgeben.“ Das war mein erstes Gespräch mit Jorge Arevalo, der unser Archivar wurde. So ganz nebenbei zeigte er mir, wie man solche Dokumente schützt, und dann reifte in mir die Idee, sie nicht nur zu konservieren, sondern auch der Öffentlichkeit zugänglich zu machen. Und das ist, was das Archiv heute leistet: Es ist ein Ort, an dem Menschen die Original-Dokumente anschauen können, darunter sehr viele, die nie veröffentlicht wurden, um sich ein weitgefasstes Bild über die Arbeit meines Vaters machen zu können.“ Eine Aussage, die man gut als Quizfrage hernehmen könnte: Wer ist der Vater, über dessen Nachlass eine gewisse Nora hier spricht? Leider müssten wohl selbst sehr viele Amerikaner bei dieser Frage passen. Nora heißt mit Nachnamen Guthrie, und jetzt ist es ganz leicht: Nora ist die Tochter von Woody Guthrie. Um ihn, den großen amerikanischen Folk-Musiker, dreht sich die heutige Sendung, und zu der begrüßt Sie ganz herzlich Luigi Lauer. --- CD Woody Guthrie, Hard Travelin´, Track 1, This land is your land, 2:46 --- This land is your land – das berühmteste Lied von Woody Guthrie und Amerikas Folk-Hymne schlechthin. Es war als Parodie auf „God Bless America“ gedacht, Guthrie hasste dieses Lied, wie er heute vermutlich „America first“ hassen würde, gäbe es auch dazu ein Lied. Guthrie, Jahrgang 1912, stammt aus dem Städtchen Okemah im Bundesstaat Oklahoma. Die Gegend gehörte zur Dust Bowl, der Staubschüssel. Man hatte riesige Flächen urbar gemacht, um Getreide anzupflanzen und dafür das Präriegras gerodet. Verheerende Staubstürme waren die Folge und machten halbe Bundesstaaten unbewohnbar. Das geschah ausgerechnet vor und während der Wirtschaftskrise in den 1930-er Jahren. Hunderttausende, Okies genannt wegen Oklahoma, gingen auf der Suche nach Arbeit auf Wanderschaft. Die Route 66 gelangte so zu ihrem ehemals traurigen Ruhm. Auch Woody Guthrie verließ Oklahoma, verdingte sich in allerlei Jobs und kam 1940 nach New York, wo er „This land is your land“ schrieb. Als junger Mensch, der aus gehobenen Verhältnissen stammte, hatte er früh das meist erbärmliche Leben der Arbeiter hautnah kennen gelernt und begann, seine Beobachtungen in Lieder zu fassen. Dust Bowl Ballads wurde sein erstes und erfolgreichstes Album, es erschien 1940. Guthrie sich in links-ökologischen Bewegungen und Gewerkschaften und schrieb zahlreiche Lieder, auch für die kommunistische Partei. In konservativen Kreisen kam das nicht gut an. (O-Ton Nora Guthrie 2004): „Mein Vater stand schon während des Krieges auf der schwarzen Liste wegen seines Engagements für die Gewerkschaften, die Friedensbewegung und für die kommunistische Partei. Er war zwar kein Mitglied, soweit wir wissen, lieferte ihnen 2 aber über längere Zeit ihren Soundtrack.“ McCarthy, ein Blender, Betrüger und Lügner, trieb nach dem Krieg die Verfolgung Linker auf die Spitze. China war gerade kommunistisch geworden, Russland hatte seine erste Atombombe gezündet. McCarthy, dem noch ein Thema fehlte, um als Senator wiedergewählt zu werden, setzte auf die rote Karte. „Left wing, chicken wing, it´s all the same to me“, hat Woody Guthrie dazu einmal gesagt, „Linker Flügel, Hähnchenflügel, für mich ist das Alles dasselbe.“ Die einfache und scheinbar unverfängliche Sprache verhinderte oft, dass die Lieder zensiert wurden. Aber nicht immer. Offensichtlich hatte man Angst vor der Kraft seiner Texte. (O-Ton Nora Guthrie): „Der Grund für die Wirkmacht der Lieder ist, dass sie ganz einfach wahr sind. Sie beruhen entweder auf tatsächlichen Ereignissen oder auf existentieller, spiritueller Wahrheit. Und alle sind in der letzten Zeit wieder aufgetaucht, als durch die Wahl Donald Trumps dunkle Wolken des Faschismus in Amerika aufzogen. Wir haben also diese Lieder, um gegenzuhalten. Überall im Land demonstrieren die Menschen für verschiedene Ziele, seien es die Gesundheitsvorsorge, die Bürgerrechte, die Gleichstellung der Afro-Amerikaner oder die Abschiebung von Mexikanern. Die Lieder meines Vaters sind wie ein Index von Liedern, die man jetzt singen sollte. Es beeindruckt und bewegt mich sehr, wenn ich heute Mexikaner, die abgeschoben werden sollen, das Lied „This Land is your Land, this Land is my Land“ singen höre. Oder wenn Frauen dieses Lied im Kongress singen für Gleichberechtigung und all solche Themen. Das ist ergreifend. Die Haltung, die man in diesen Liedern wiederfindet, ist nichts Geringeres als das Fundament der Demokratie. Und die Lieder werden recyclet und gesungen, lauter und von mehr Menschen als je zuvor. Gerade passiert Folgendes: Das Wiederaufleben der Energie dieser Lieder hat dazu geführt, dass Menschen, metaphorisch wie buchstäblich, ihre Stimme wiederentdeckt haben. Es ist hinreißend und macht mich stolz, dass mein Vater all diese Fragen behandelt hat und all diesen Gruppen den Soundtrack ihres Lebens gegeben hat. Dafür kämpfen wir jetzt in Amerika. Es sind Lieder einer wirklichen Demokratie.“ --- CD Woody Guthrie, Hard Travelin´, Track 2, Pastures of plenty, 2:25 --- Pastures of plenty, Weiden des Überflusses – auch dies eines der bekannteren Lieder Woody Guthries. Die Dust Bowl und die damit verbundene Migration in fruchtbare Gegenden werden erwähnt, in denen die Arbeiter das Rückgrat der Nation bilden und ein entsprechend würdevolles Dasein verdienen. Wer sich für tiefschürfende Informationen zu Woody Guthries Liedern und zu seinem Leben interessiert, dem sei das Woody Guthrie Centre in Tulsa, Oklahoma, empfohlen. Dessen Entstehung ist etwas konfus. Bereits 1972, fünf Jahre nach dem Tod Guthries, wurde die Woody Guthrie Foundation gegründet mit dem Ziel, Guthries Erbe zu bewahren. Nachdem Tochter Nora Guthrie, wie eingangs von ihr beschrieben, 1990 Materialien bei dem Musikmanager und Filmproduzenten Harold Leventhal entdeckt hatte, wurde der Grundstock für das eigentliche Archiv gelegt, das 1996 der Öffentlichkeit zugänglich gemacht wurde, in Mount Kisco, New York – bis heute Wohnort von Nora Guthrie. (O-Ton Nora Guthrie 2004): „Das Archiv beschränkt sich nicht darauf, Dokumente zu erhalten, und wir wollten 3 auch nicht zuviele Erläuterungen geben und Zeitbezüge herstellen. Woodys Gedanken gehören in die Zeit derjenigen, die sie anschauen, mit ihren aktuellen Fragestellungen. In diesem Sinne sind es die Archivbesucher, die definieren, was Sinn und Zweck des Archivs sind, je nachdem, was sie wissen wollen und wonach sie suchen. Ein Beispiel: Wenn Krieg herrscht, ist der Fokus auf Material gerichtet, das Gedanken zum Krieg beinhaltet. Dann kommen viele Menschen ins Archiv, denen Woodys Gedanken zu Krieg oder Faschismus oder Gewalt und so weiter wichtig sind und die entsprechend auswählen. Das Faszinierende an der Arbeit im Archiv ist nicht, was wir die Besucher lehren können, sondern, was diese in Woodys Worten finden. Und das lehren sie uns.“ Das spiegelt die Arbeit von Woody Guthrie wieder. Auch er war ganz nahe bei den „Folks“, er war selber Teil der Bewegungen und sammelte ein, was ihm bemerkenswert erschien. (O-Ton Nora Guthrie 2004): „Er sagte immer, die besten Ideen habe er von den Leuten auf der Straße. Der Unterschied sei nur, dass er sich die Zeit nahm, sie aufzuschreiben und dafür zu sorgen, dass sie sich reimten (lacht).“ Wie fortschrittlich Guthrie bereits in den 1930-er Jahren war, zeigt sich auch darin, dass er die Gleichstellung und Gleichbehandlung von Frauen selbstverständlich fand. Woody Guthrie, ein Feminist? (O-Ton Nora Guthrie): „Absolut! „She came along to me“, eines der Lieder, die Billy Bragg aufgenommen hat, wäre nicht möglich gewesen, wenn die Frauen nicht als Teil des Ganzen gesehen worden wären. Das ist nur ein Beispiel von Hunderten, aber es wurde zu einem Manifest
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