MAX Tunnel Study Provided a Preliminary Assessment of a MAX Tunnel to Help Decision-Makers Determine If a Full Study Should Be Initiated
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THE MAXTunnel Study Examining the feasibility of faster light rail OCTOBER 2019 2 CHALLENGES TODAY, MAX TRAINS ARE EVERY DAY, THOUSANDS RIDE TRIMET BUSES AND MAX INTO AND THROUGH PORTLAND’S CENTRAL CITY. 3X TO 4X People ride to work, to school, to the doctor, or FASTER OUTSIDE OF to meet with friends, family and colleagues. For DOWNTOWN THAN some, downtown Portland is the final destination; THROUGH IT others are passing through on their way to places like Hillsboro, Beaverton, and Gresham. The central city—the 14 neighborhoods closest BY THE YEAR 2040 THERE WILL BE: to downtown on the east and west sides of the MORE Willamette River—is the hub of our regional 400k PEOPLE transportation system and a significant employment center. The region has grown and the central city MORE JOBS can be a transportation bottleneck, impeding travel 260k into and through the city’s core. In downtown Portland, MAX trains share space with cars, bikes and pedestrians, and the congestion slows down WHICH WILL MAKE CONGESTION everyone. WORSE! DRAFT October 2019 3 DEMAND FOR TRIMET SERVICES WILL ONLY INCREASE WITH THE REGION’S GROWTH AND MAX EXPANSION COER 8% PUBLIC TRANSIT GROWTH: 190% CONNECTING EAST + WEST 65% 190% to 200% 95% increase in transit trips between Washington County and East 200% Multnomah County by the year 59% RE 2035, assuming the transit TO ET system provides fast and COT ORT reliable service 110% CC 30% to 35% TT COT increase in travel by any mode, including driving, between Growth in average weekday transit use by the year 2035 Washington County and East assumes service keeps pace with demand and MAX lines Multnomah County reach Vancouver and Tualatin. 65% to 95% Increase in transit trips between 42k downtown Portland and the east and west sides 100k 95k riders 58k 142k 4k riders CENTRAL CITY In 2035, over 80,000 people will take transit across the Willamette River—and over 200,000 into the central city on an average DRAFT October 2019 weekday. 4 Pinch Point DOWNTOWN As the population has grown, so has congestion, with different modes WE NEED TO MOVE of travel competing for limited space. The region continues to expand and mobility demands increase, and the constraints of the urban landscape challenge MORE the transit system. Downtown is also subject to frequent vehicle conflicts in the light rail right-of-way PEOPLE that interfere with rail operations and result in delays on MAX Blue and Red Lines. IN THE SAME AMOUNT OF SPACE A TRIP BETWEEN LLOYD CENTER AND GOOSE HOLLOW TODAY IS: 22 MINUTES 12 STOPS 3 MILES STEEL BRIDGE A B DRAFT October 2019 5 Pinch Point STEEL BRIDGE All of the region’s light rail lines cross the river at the same Downtown congestion and slowdowns at the Steel Bridge don’t place: the Steel Bridge. Built in 1912, the bridge slows down just impact the central city—they ripple throughout the entire travel and impacts on-time performance. While TriMet is making region. They impact people’s ability to get where they need to investments in the Steel Bridge to help in the short-term, in the go, and impact businesses’ ability to deliver goods and services. long-term a higher capacity solution is needed. This is particularly challenging for people who live farther out and travel into or across downtown Portland. TODAY, 40trains cross during the WORSENING busiest hour—one train systemwide every 90 seconds. on-time performance compared to today FURTHER IN 20 YEARS, we will need STRAINING THE STEEL BRIDGE OVERCROWDING 60 trains on fewer trains to keep up with projected population and employment growth. DRAFT October 2019 6 SOLUTION A MAX TUNNEL WOULD INCREASE REGIONAL MOBILITY AND CAPACITY BY IMPROVING TRANSIT TRAVEL TIMES AND SYSTEM RELIABILITY TO AND THROUGH THE CENTRAL CITY. The tunnel would improve 39% of regulated affordable MAX travel time between the housing in the region is within Lloyd District and Goose walking distance of MAX Blue Line Hollow by up to 1 minutes, stations. Shorter commute times providing quick access to mean people have access to more downtown Portland and to job opportunities and reducing key destinations across the dependence on cars lowers central city. household transportation costs. Faster transit attracts more riders. The tunnel would A tunnel would provide the increase MAX Red and Blue region another option for Line ridership by up to 2 crossing the river—generally by 205. tunnels have proven to be more resilient to earthquakes than The tunnel would improve bridges and surface systems. future MAX ontime performance to levels Increased MAX use reduces air better than today, even with pollution and greenhouse gas higher ridership, so people emissions, supporting progress can count on getting to toward the region’s climate jobs, school, or goals. appointments on time. DRAFT October 2019 REPRESENTATIVE Potential North/South Tunnel MAX TUNNEL PROECT ROSE QUARTER Portland Streetcar TC UNION STATION LLOYD CENTER DOWNTOWN SW 6th Ave GOOSE HOLLOW PORTLAND STATE The MAX tunnel would extend from the Lloyd Center area to Goose Hollow, though Potential the exact route is undetermined. North/South Tunnel The route and specific station locations would be studied through multiple public input phases. Generally, the tunnel would span the central city and align with local geography and existing light rail routes. 1 Length: About 3 /2 miles Cost Range: $3B to $4.5B* *Construction cost range is comparable to similar recent tunnel projects completed by Sound Transit and LA Metro, respectively. DRAFT October 2019 8 MAX TUNNEL BENEFITS Travel Time Savings Routing MAX through a tunnel under downtown Portland and the Willamette River would save people time and make MAX as fast as or faster than driving. This would lead to even greater benefits such as lower car 1 ownership costs, less traffic, less constrained parking downtown, and reduced greenhouse gas emissions. LLOYD CENTER GOOSE HOLLOW GRESHAM TC SUNSET TC TODAY 2035 PROJECTION TODAY 2035 PROJECTION (includes tunnel) (includes tunnel) 22 +/- 9 65 +/- 52 minutes minutes minutes minutes 20 30 45 65 minutes minutes minutes minutes 18 18 minutes minutes Transit travel time estimates based on midday schedules. Automobile travel time based on average travel times today, and a 50% time increase in the future due to congestion. DRAFT October 2019 9 Improved Reliability For the many people in the region who rely on public transit as their primary transportation, a light rail tunnel would sustain the MAX service they count on for access to school, jobs, recreation and other opportunities. Today, average 2 on-time performance is 87%, higher than just a year ago, but still below the over 90% we can expect with a tunnel. Train delays average 2 ½ minutes, with one in eight delays lasting between 5 and 8 minutes. Trying to accommodate increased ridership with today’s infrastructure on east-west MAX lines would substantially drop on-time performance in the future. Average delays would stretch to over 3 ½ minutes, with one in eight trains running more than 8 minutes late. TRYING TO ACCOMMODATE INCREASED PERFORMANCE 201 RIDERSHIP 88% WITH TODAY’S INFRASTRUCTURE WOULD RESULT IN 20 55% HALF 20 OF MAX TRAINS LATE TO THE STATION 94% DRAFT October 2019 St. Johns 10 Kenton Parkrose 20% faster (-13 min) Hillsboro Rockwood Sunset Transit SE 122nd Center PSU 33% faster (-14 min) Centennial Gresham faster Beaverton 22% Transit (-11 min) Center Beaverton Transit Center Aloha Lents Milwaukie Faster Travel Times for Marginalized CommunitiesTigard Change In Transit Trips With The Tunnel It’s critical for regional prosperity to connect communities of On an average weekday in the year 2035 3 color, English language learners, and low income households with job centers throughout the region. Rapid increases in housing costs over the last decade have affected the affordability 30-80 81-150 151-400 Over 400 more trips more trips more trips more trips of our region. Housing farther from downtown has remained more affordable, forcing many to endure longer commutes This area represents communities who have and assume higher travel costs if they drive. been historically marginalized and economically displaced in our region, many of whom are communities of color. Faster TualatinDRAFT October 2019 transit on the Blue Line corridor will better support these communities. St. Johns 11 Kenton Parkrose 20% faster (-13 min) Hillsboro Rockwood Sunset Transit SE 122nd Center PSU 33% faster (-14 min) Centennial Gresham 22% faster 39% Transit Beaverton (-11 min) Transit of regulated affordable housing units in Center Beaverton the region are within walking distance Center of MAX Blue Line stations—reducing dependence on cars and lowering transportation costs for families. Aloha Lents Milwaukie Tigard Change In Transit Trips With The Tunnel On an average weekday in the year 2035 30-80 81-150 151-400 Over 400 more trips more trips more trips more trips This area represents communities who have been historically marginalized and economically displaced in our region, many of whom are communities of color. Faster Tualatin DRAFT October 2019 transit on the Blue Line corridor will better support these communities. 12 Speed The MAX tunnel can save over 12 minutes for a trip through the central city. Even people going to downtown Portland, to places like PSU or Pioneer Square, would save 5 to 6 minutes, depending on where they’re coming 4 from. While the MAX tunnel stations have yet to be determined, access to downtown destinations will be further enhanced by surface travel options like bus, streetcar, bikeshare, and a great walking environment. PORTLAND INTERNATIONAL AIRPORT e BEAVERTON TC ORENCO STATION E 122ND AVE T 8-16% faster* 19% faster SUNSET TC T 20% faster T PSU 12% faster GRESHAM T 4% faster TC DOWNTOWN HILLSBORO TUNNEL TRAVEL TIME SAVINGS Routing MAX through a tunnel under the Willamette River and the Portland central city T would significantly increase the speed of light MILWAUKIE CLACKAMAS rail across the region.