Flower, Vegetable & Herb Product Information Guide
Table of Contents
2013 Flower Listing 2 Vegetable & Herb Variety Herb Growerfacts 62 to 71 2013 Vegetable & Herb Culture Chart 43 Basil 62 listing 3 Vegetable Growerfacts Catnip ...... 62 Flower Variety 44 to 61 Chives ...... 63 Culture Chart 4 Artichoke 44 Cilantro 63 FLOWER Growerfacts 8 to 42 Arugula 44 Dill 64 Alyssum 8 Bean 45 Lavender 65 Angelonia (Summer Snap) 9 Broccoli 46 Oregano 65 Bacopa 10 Brussels Sprouts 46 Parsley 66 Begonia 1 1 Cabbage 47 Peppermint 67 Bidens ...... 14 Cauliflower ...... 47 Rosemary 67 Calibrachoa 15 Celery ...... 48 Sage 69 Carex 16 Collards 48 Spearmint 67 Coleus ...... 16 Cucumber 49 Stevia 68 Coreopsis 18 Eggplant 50 Summer Savory 69 Dianthus 19 Fennel ...... 50 Summer Thyme 70 Dichondra 20 Kohlrabi 5 1 Sweet Marjoram 70 Euphorbia 20 Lettuce & Greens 5 1 “TO GO” PLANTERS 72 Geranium 2 1 Melon 52 Gerbera 23 Mustard 53 Impatiens 24 Okra 53 Double Impatiens 24 Onion 54 New Guinea Impatiens 26 Pak Choi 54 Spreading Impatiens 25 Pea 55 Ipomoea (Sweet Potato Vine) 27 Pepper 55 Juncus 28 Pumpkin 56 Lantana 29 Spinach 57 Lobelia 30 Squash 57 African Marigold 30 Strawberry ...... 58 French Marigold 3 1 Swiss Chard 59 Osteospermum (Spring Daisy) 32 Bumper Crop™ Ornamental Pepper 33 Grafted Tomato 60 Petunia 34 Tomato 60 Trailing Petunia ...... 36 Watermelon 6 1 Rudbeckia 37 Salvia 37 Snapdragon 39 Spring Daisy (Osteospermum) 32 Summer Snap (Angelonia) 9 Sweet Potato Vine (Ipomoea) 27 Verbena 40 Vinca 4 1 Zinnia 42
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2013 Burpee Home Gardens® Flower Listing
ALYSSUM DIANTHUS IPOMOEA (SWEET POTATO VINE) SALVIA Clear Crystal® Purple Shades (S) Bouquet™ Purple (S) Blackie (V) Mystic Spires Blue (V) Clear Crystal White (S) Bouquet Rose Magic (S) Marguerite (V) Vista Purple (S) ANGELONIA (SUMMER SNAP) Floral Lace Cherry (S) JUNCUS Vista Red (S) Archangel™ Pink (V) Floral Lace Picotee (S) Blue Dart (S) SNAPDRAGON Archangel Purple (V) Floral Lace Violet (S) Twisted Dart (S) Snapshot™ Plumblossom (S) Archangel Raspberry (V) DICHONDRA LANTANA Snapshot Red (S) Archangel White (V) Silver Falls (S) Snapshot White (S) ® Lucky™ Pure Gold (V) Serena Purple (S) EUPHORBIA Lucky Red Flame (V) Snapshot Yellow (S) Serena White (S) Breathless® Blush (V) Lucky Sunrise Rose (V) VERBENA Serena Mix (S) ® Breathless White (V) Lobelia Aztec Blue Velvet (V) BACOPA GERANIUM NEW Hot Springs™ Dark Blue (V) Aztec Burgundy (V) Abunda™ Giant White (V) Fantasia® Cardinal Red (V) NEW Hot Springs Lavender Pink (V) Aztec Red Velvet (V) BEGONIA Fantasia Dark Red (V) NEW Hot Springs Sky Blue (V) Aztec White (V) Dragon Wing® Pink (S) Fantasia Purple Sizzle (V) NEW Hot Springs White (V) NEW Aztec Wink Burgundy (V) Dragon Wing Red (S) Fantasia Salmon (V) NEW Aztec Wink Violet (V) AFRICAN MARIGOLD Quartz XP Red With Eye (S) Gryphon (S) Fantasia Strawberry Sizzle (V) Taishan® Orange (S) NEW Sparks Will Fly (V) Fantasia Violet (V) Quartz XP White (S) Taishan Yellow (S) Quartz XP Merlot Mix (S) NEW Whopper Red Bronze Leaf (S) Fantasia White (V) Vanilla (S) NEW Whopper Rose Bronze Leaf (S) GERBERA VINCA NEW Whopper Red Green Leaf (S) FRENCH MARIGOLD Garden Apricot (S) Revolution™ Pastel Orange Durango® Bolero (S) NEW Whopper Rose Green Leaf (S) With Dark Center (S) Garden Dark Red (S) NEW Yang Red (S) Durango Orange (S) Garden Pink (S) Revolution Red With Dark Durango Yellow (S) NEW Yang White (S) Center (S) Garden Polka Dot (S) NEW Yin Red (S) Revolution Yellow With Dark OSTEOSPERMUM (SPRING DAISY) Garden White (S) NEW Yin Rose (S) Center (S) Voltage™ Yellow (V) ZINNIA NEW Yin White (S) IMPATIENS ORNAMENTAL PEPPER Bridesmaid (S) BIDENS Center Stage (V) Black Pearl (S) Champagne Toast (S) Sun Kiss (V) Enlighten Bright Red (S) Purple Flash (S) Double Zahara™ Cherry (S) Double Zahara Fire (S) CALIBRACHOA Enlighten Cranberry Burst (S) PETUNIA UpTown Orange Blossom (S) NEW Isabells Dark Purple (V) Enlighten Gypsy Rose (S) Black Velvet (V) UpTown Pink Champagne (S) Isabells Deep Blue (V) Enlighten Neon Punch (S) NEW Blue A Fuse (V) UpTown Sunstreak (S) Isabells Hot Pink (V) Enlighten Red Wash (S) Paparazzi™ Fashion Cherry (S) UpTown White Wall (S) NEW Isabells Hot Pink Star (V) Enlighten Rosy Starburst (S) Paparazzi Glamour Pink (S) White Wedding (S) Isabells Orange (V) Enlighten Sunset Beach (S) Paparazzi Glitz Yellow (S) Isabells Pink Vein (V) Enlighten Twilight Night (S) Paparazzi Midnight Blue (S) NEW Isabells Purple Star (V) Enlighten White Nights (S) Paparazzi Palladium Purple (S) PROGRAM DROPS FOR 2013 Isabells Red Improved (V) NEW Enlighten Flutter Paparazzi Rodeo Rose (S) BEGONIA Isabells Rose Star (V) Appleblossom (S) Paparazzi White Diamonds (S) Nightlife Red Isabells Terracotta (V) NEW Enlighten Flutter Bright Paparazzi Flash Cherry (S) Nightlife Rose Isabells Yellow (V) Purple (S) Paparazzi Flash Midnight (S) Nightlife White CAREX NEW Enlighten Flutter Orange Paparazzi Flash Plum (S) Amazon Mist (S) Flash (S) Paparazzi Flash Raspberry (S) Red Rooster (S) NEW Enlighten Flutter Red (S) Paparazzi Flash Red (S) NEW Enlighten Flutter Red Flash (S) Paparazzi Flash Violet (S) COLEUS Fanfare® Bright Coral (V) Paparazzi Flash White (S) NEW Chocolate Covered Cherry (S) Fanfare Fuchsia (V) Paparazzi Flash Yellow (S) Emotions Inspired (S) NEW Patchwork™ Cosmic Phantom (V) Emotions Passionate (S) Burgundy (V) Pinstripe (V) Emotions Sophisticated (S) NEW Patchwork Cosmic Orange (V) Pop Rocks Coral (S) Henna (V) Patchwork Lavender (V) Pop Rocks Lavender (S) NEW Honey Crisp (V) Patchwork Peach Prism (V) Pop Rocks White (S) Indian Summer (V) Patchwork Pink Shades (V) Pop Rocks Yellow (S) Redhead (V) Suncatcher™ Burgundy (V) Sultana (V) DOUBLE IMPATIENS Fiesta™ Apple Blossom (V) Suncatcher Midnight Blue (V) NEW Vino (V) Suncatcher Pink Lemonade (V) Wasabi (V) Fiesta Purple (V) Fiesta Salsa Red (V) Suncatcher Red (V) COREOPSIS Fiesta Sparkler Cherry (V) NEW Suncatcher Vintage Rose (V) Early Sunrise (S) Fiesta Sparker Hot Pink (V) Suncatcher Yellow (V) Fiesta White (V) RUDBECKIA NEW GUINEA IMPATIENS Tiger Eye (S) Celebrette Frost (V) Celebrette Grape Crush (V) Celebrette Orange Crush (V) Celebrette Red (V)
2 800 879-BALL ballseed.com (S) = seed (v) = vegetative
2013 Burpee Home Gardens® Vegetable & Herb Listing
NEW BUMPER CROP™ LETTUCE & Greens STRAWBERRY Greek Oregano GRAFTED TOMATOES Alfresco Mix (multi-species, NEW All Star (Bareroot) Oregano Big Rainbow multi-pellet) Berri Basket® White Italian Dark Single Parsley Black Krim Burpee Bibb Berries Galore® Pink, Rose Triple Curled Parsley Brandywine Pink Buttercrunch and White Peppermint City Garden Mix (multispecies, Brandywine Red SWISS CHARD Rosemary multi-pellet) Mortgage Lifter Bright Lights Sage San Marzano Global Gourmet Mix (multi-species, Spearmint multi-pellet) TOMATO – BEEFSTEAK Summer Savory Big Beef BOOST COLLECTION Gourmet Blend Sweet Leaf Stevia Heatwave Blend Brandy Boy Hybrid Sweet Marjoram CUCUMBER Supersteak Hybrid ‘Gold Standard’ Little Caesar Summer Thyme MELON TOMATO – SLICER PEPPER Better Boy ‘Sweet Heat’ Ambrosia Premium “To Go” Gardens Doral NEW Big Daddy SALAD MIX NEW Sugar Cube Big Pink PATIO-READY VEGGIE PLANTERS Healing Hands Twice As Nice Burpee’s Big Boy® CUCUMBER Bush Champion II Bush Champion TOMATO MUSTARD Bush Early Girl NEW ‘Patio Snacker’ ‘Cherry Punch’ Florida Broadleaf NEW Mighty Sweet Celebrity EGGPLANT ‘Power Pops’ OKRA Champion II Burpee Hybrid Clemson Spineless Delicious ‘Solar Power’ PEPPER NEW Tasti-Lee® ONION Early Girl Fourth Of July Baron Parade Bunching NEW Better Belle II Red Zeppelin Jet Star ARTICHOKE Lemon Boy BOOST ‘Sweet Heat’ Imperial Star White Sweet Spanish Flavorburst Hybrid Yellow Sweet Spanish Orange Wellington ARUGULA Phoenix Jalapeño Gigante Myway PAK CHOI Steak Sandwich Hybrid NEW BUMPER CROP Toy Choy BUSH BEAN SuperTasty Hybrid GRAFTED TOMATOES Blue Lake Bush PEA Sweet Seedless Hybrid Big Rainbow NEW Gold ’N Green Mix II RSVPea Tye Dye Black Krim PEPPER – SWEET BELL TOMATO – PASTE & Brandywine Pink POLE BEAN Brandywine Red Blue Lake Pole Baron SALADETTE NEW Better Belle II Big Mama Hybrid Mortgage Lifter BROCCOLI Big Bertha Fresh Salsa Hybrid San Marzano Packman Cajun Belle TOMATO NEW Raab Zamboni TOMATO – HEIRLOOM NEW ‘Cute Stuff Gold’ NEW Black Prince Bush Champion II BRUSSELS SPROUTS NEW ‘Cute Stuff Red’ NEW Brandywine Pink Bush Early Girl Franklin Great Stuff Hybrid NEW Brandywine Red Celebrity Royal Marvel Pinot Noir Cherokee Purple Fourth of July Fresh Salsa Hybrid CABBAGE PEPPER – SWEET Delicious Phoenix Big Flat Head Bananarama NEW Jubilee Tumbler Fast Vantage Big Daddy Hybrid MEW Mortgage Lifter Pacifica Costa Rican Sweet Hybrid NEW Old German COLORFUL MIXED SALAD BOWLS Flavorburst Hybrid Pineapple Alfresco Mix CAULIFLOWER NEW Rutgers BOOST Healing Hands Amazing PEPPER – HOT Yellow Pear City Garden Mix Cheddar NEW Big Guy Global Gourmet Mix Romanesco Veronica Burning Bush TOMATO – SMALL–FRUITED Gourmet Blend Snow Crown Hot Lemon NEW Black Cherry Hungarian Yellow Wax Black Pearl Hybrid Heatwave Blend CELERY Jalapeño Gigante Napa Grape Hybrid CREATIVE HERB COMBOS Tango Ristra Cayenne Hybrid Red Grape Tuscan Trio (Parsley, basil COLLARDS Tabasco Sungold and oregano) Georgia Zavory Sweet 100 Good Grillin’ (Parsley, CUCUMBER PUMPKIN Tomatoberry Garden rosemary and chives) Burpee Hybrid II Casper Tumbler Kitchen Favorites (Dill, Burpless No. 26 Harvest Moon WATERMELON parsley, oregano and basil) Bush Champion Howden Crimson Sweet Homemade Pickles Sugar Baby Jack-Be-Little Program Drops for 2013 NEW ‘Patio Snacker’ SPINACH HERBS Pickalot Hybrid BUSH BEAN Boxwood Basil Baby’s Leaf Hybrid Gold ‘N Green Mix EGGPLANT Bloomsdale Cardinal Basil Burpee Hybrid BROCCOLI SUMMER SQUASH Nufar Basil Pot Black Flash Hybrid Burpee Golden (Zucchini) Red Rubin Basil Purple Blaze Raab Burpee Hybrid (Zucchini) Siam Queen Basil White Star Hybrid Limelight (Zucchini) Sweet Dani Lemon Basil CUCUMBER FENNEL Lunar Sweet Italian Large Leaf Basil Sweet Burpless Hybrid Sweet Mammoth Basil Orion Pic-N-Pic Hybrid PEPPER NEW Smooth Pickin’ (Zucchini) Catnip KOHLRABI Garlic Chives Better Belle Quickstar WINTER SQUASH Onion Chives Big Early Burpee’s Bush Table Queen Santo Cilantro Sweet Spot X3R Burpee’s Butterbush Dill TOMATO Fernleaf Dill Bush Early Girl II Ellagance Ice, Purple and Old Time Tasty Sky Lavender
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® Burpee Home Gardens Flower Variety Culture Chart . Crop Seed Germination Rooting Hormone Cover/ Sow to Stick Cutting Growing On Temperature Total Crop Time Media Temperature * Before Sticking Light Transplant to Transplant (Night) for 4-in. (10-cm) 4-in. 6-in. Hanging Cutting Seed (Days) (Days) Pots (Weeks) 306 Pack (10-cm) Pot (15-cm) Pot Basket Flowers ALYSSUM Clear Crystal (S) 70-72°F (21-22°C) L 21-28 55-60°F (13-15°C) 8-10 X
AngeloniA (Summer Snap) Archangel (V) No 21-28 60-70°F (15-21°C) 8-12 X X
Serena (S) 72-76°F (22-24°C) L 35-42 64-66°F (18-19°C) 14-16 X X
Bacopa Abunda (V) No 21 56-61°F (13-16°C) 8-10 X X
Begonia Dragon Wing (S) 72-75°F (22-24°C) C. Lt. 49-56 60-65°F (15-18°C) 14-17 X X X
Gryphon (S) 72-78°F (22-25°C) L 56-63 62-67°F (17-19°C) 13-15 X
Sparks Will Fly (V) Optional 28-35 55-60°F (13-15°C) 5-7 X X X
Whopper (S) 72-75°F (22-24°C) C. Lt. 49-56 60-65°F (15-18°C) 14-17 X X
Yin/Yang (S) 75-78°F (24-25°C) L 49-56 60-65°F (15-18°C) 12-15 X X
Bidens Sun Kiss (V) No 28-49 53-61°F (12-16°C) 8-13 X
Calibrachoa Isabells (V) No 21-28 50-58°F (10-14°C) 9-13 X X X
Carex Amazon Mist (S) 64-72°F (18-22°C) C 42-49 58-62°F (14-17°C) 15-18 X X
Red Rooster (S) 64-72°F (18-22°C) C 42-49 58-62°F (14-17°C) 15-18 X X
Coleus Chocolate Covered 72-75°F (22-24°C) C 32-42 62-65°F (17-18°C) 9-11 X X Cherry (S) Emotions (S) 72-75°F (22-24°C) C 32-42 62-65°F (17-18°C) 9-11 X X
Henna (V) No 14-21 59-70°F (15-21°C) 9-10 X X
Honey Crisp (V) No 14-21 59-70°F (15-21°C) 9-10 X X
Indian Summer (V) No 14-21 59-70°F (15-21°C) 9-10 X X
Redhead (V) No 14-21 59-70°F (15-21°C) 9-10 X X
Sultana (V) No 14-21 59-70°F (15-21°C) 9-10 X X
Vino (V) No 14-21 59-70°F (15-21°C) 9-10 X X
Wasabi (V) No 14-21 59-70°F (15-21°C) 9-10 X X
Coreopsis Early Sunrise (S) 68-72°F (20-22°C) C. Lt. 35 55-60°F (13-15°C) 14-18 X X
Dianthus Bouquet (S) 64-68°F (18-20°C) C 28-35 50-60°F (10-15°C) 12-14 X X
Floral Lace (S) 64-68°F (18-20°C) C 28-35 50-60°F (10-15°C) 9-11 X
Dichondra Silver Falls (S) 72-76°F (22-24°C) C. Lt. 35 62-65°F (17-18°C) 12-13 X
Euphorbia Breathless (V) Yes 21-28 59-67°F (15-19°C) 8-11 X X
Geranium Fantasia (V) Optional 21-28 62-67°F (17-19°C) 11-13 X X X
Gerbera Revolution (S) 64-68°F (18-20°C) C. Lt. 42-49 62-66°F (17-19°C) 14-17 X X
Impatiens Center Stage (V) No 28 66-71°F (19-21°C) 10-12 X X
Enlighten (S) 72-76°F (22-24°C) L 28-35 62-65°F (17-18°C) 8-10 X X
Enlighten Flutter (S) 72-76°F (22-24°C) L 28-35 62-65°F (17-18°C) 8-10 X X
Fanfare (V) No 21 56-61°F (13-16°C) 9-12 X X
Patchwork (V) No 21 56-61°F (13-16°C) 9-12 X X X
Double Impatiens Fiesta (V) No 21 56-61°F (13-16°C) 9-12 X
New Guinea Impatiens Celebrette (V) No 21-28 59-64°F (15-18°C) 10-13 X
Ipomoea Blackie (V) No 21 59-64°F (15-18°C) 10-12 X X
Marguerite (V) No 21 59-64°F (15-18°C) 10-12 X X
Juncus Blue Dart (S) 71-76°F (21-24°C) L 42-49 59-64°F (15-18°C) 13-15 X
Twisted Dart (S) 71-76°F (21-24°C) L 42-49 59-64°F (15-18°C) 13-15 X
Lantana Lucky (V) Optional 24-28 62-67°F (17-19°C) 10-12 X
C: Cover C. Lt.: Cover lightly L: Light needed to germinate Optional: Cover optional * Root vegetative cuttings at 68 to 72°F (20 to 22°C) media temperature.
4 800 879-BALL ballseed.com (S) = seed (v) = vegetative
Note: This chart includes general culture guidelines. Please refer to the GrowerFacts on the following pages for detailed growing information. . Crop Seed Germination Rooting Hormone Cover/ Sow to Stick Cutting Growing On Temperature Total Crop Time Media Temperature * Before Sticking Light Transplant to Transplant (Night) for 4-in. (10-cm) 4-in. 6-in. Hanging Cutting Seed (Days) (Days) Pots (Weeks) 306 Pack (10-cm) Pot (15-cm) Pot Basket Flowers ALYSSUM Clear Crystal (S) 70-72°F (21-22°C) L 21-28 55-60°F (13-15°C) 8-10 X
AngeloniA (Summer Snap) Archangel (V) No 21-28 60-70°F (15-21°C) 8-12 X X
Serena (S) 72-76°F (22-24°C) L 35-42 64-66°F (18-19°C) 14-16 X X
Bacopa Abunda (V) No 21 56-61°F (13-16°C) 8-10 X X
Begonia Dragon Wing (S) 72-75°F (22-24°C) C. Lt. 49-56 60-65°F (15-18°C) 14-17 X X X
Gryphon (S) 72-78°F (22-25°C) L 56-63 62-67°F (17-19°C) 13-15 X
Sparks Will Fly (V) Optional 28-35 55-60°F (13-15°C) 5-7 X X X
Whopper (S) 72-75°F (22-24°C) C. Lt. 49-56 60-65°F (15-18°C) 14-17 X X
Yin/Yang (S) 75-78°F (24-25°C) L 49-56 60-65°F (15-18°C) 12-15 X X
Bidens Sun Kiss (V) No 28-49 53-61°F (12-16°C) 8-13 X
Calibrachoa Isabells (V) No 21-28 50-58°F (10-14°C) 9-13 X X X
Carex Amazon Mist (S) 64-72°F (18-22°C) C 42-49 58-62°F (14-17°C) 15-18 X X
Red Rooster (S) 64-72°F (18-22°C) C 42-49 58-62°F (14-17°C) 15-18 X X
Coleus Chocolate Covered 72-75°F (22-24°C) C 32-42 62-65°F (17-18°C) 9-11 X X Cherry (S) Emotions (S) 72-75°F (22-24°C) C 32-42 62-65°F (17-18°C) 9-11 X X
Henna (V) No 14-21 59-70°F (15-21°C) 9-10 X X
Honey Crisp (V) No 14-21 59-70°F (15-21°C) 9-10 X X
Indian Summer (V) No 14-21 59-70°F (15-21°C) 9-10 X X
Redhead (V) No 14-21 59-70°F (15-21°C) 9-10 X X
Sultana (V) No 14-21 59-70°F (15-21°C) 9-10 X X
Vino (V) No 14-21 59-70°F (15-21°C) 9-10 X X
Wasabi (V) No 14-21 59-70°F (15-21°C) 9-10 X X
Coreopsis Early Sunrise (S) 68-72°F (20-22°C) C. Lt. 35 55-60°F (13-15°C) 14-18 X X
Dianthus Bouquet (S) 64-68°F (18-20°C) C 28-35 50-60°F (10-15°C) 12-14 X X
Floral Lace (S) 64-68°F (18-20°C) C 28-35 50-60°F (10-15°C) 9-11 X
Dichondra Silver Falls (S) 72-76°F (22-24°C) C. Lt. 35 62-65°F (17-18°C) 12-13 X
Euphorbia Breathless (V) Yes 21-28 59-67°F (15-19°C) 8-11 X X
Geranium Fantasia (V) Optional 21-28 62-67°F (17-19°C) 11-13 X X X
Gerbera Revolution (S) 64-68°F (18-20°C) C. Lt. 42-49 62-66°F (17-19°C) 14-17 X X
Impatiens Center Stage (V) No 28 66-71°F (19-21°C) 10-12 X X
Enlighten (S) 72-76°F (22-24°C) L 28-35 62-65°F (17-18°C) 8-10 X X
Enlighten Flutter (S) 72-76°F (22-24°C) L 28-35 62-65°F (17-18°C) 8-10 X X
Fanfare (V) No 21 56-61°F (13-16°C) 9-12 X X
Patchwork (V) No 21 56-61°F (13-16°C) 9-12 X X X
Double Impatiens Fiesta (V) No 21 56-61°F (13-16°C) 9-12 X
New Guinea Impatiens Celebrette (V) No 21-28 59-64°F (15-18°C) 10-13 X
Ipomoea Blackie (V) No 21 59-64°F (15-18°C) 10-12 X X
Marguerite (V) No 21 59-64°F (15-18°C) 10-12 X X
Juncus Blue Dart (S) 71-76°F (21-24°C) L 42-49 59-64°F (15-18°C) 13-15 X
Twisted Dart (S) 71-76°F (21-24°C) L 42-49 59-64°F (15-18°C) 13-15 X
Lantana Lucky (V) Optional 24-28 62-67°F (17-19°C) 10-12 X
C: Cover C. Lt.: Cover lightly L: Light needed to germinate Optional: Cover optional * Root vegetative cuttings at 68 to 72°F (20 to 22°C) media temperature.
800 879-BALL ballseed.com 5
® Burpee Home Gardens Flower Variety Culture Chart . Crop Seed Germination Rooting Hormone Cover/ Sow to Stick Cutting Growing On Temperature Total Crop Time Media Temperature * Before Sticking Light Transplant to Transplant (Night) for 4-in. (10-cm) 4-in. 6-in. Hanging Cutting Seed (Days) (Days) Pots (Weeks) 306 Pack (10-cm) Pot (15-cm) Pot Basket Flowers Lobelia Hot Springs (V) Optional 24-28 56-64°F (13-18°C) 10-13 X X
African Marigold Taishan (S) 68-72°F (20-22°C) C 21 59-65°F (15-18°C) 7-10 X X
Vanilla (S) 68-72°F (20-22°C) C 21 59-65°F (15-18°C) 7-10 X X
French Marigold Durango (S) 70-72°F (21-22°C) C 21 60-62°F (15-17°C) 8-9 X X
Osteospermum Voltage Yellow (V) Yes 21-28 44-55°F (7-13°C) 11-15 X X
Ornamental Pepper Black Pearl (S) 72-76°F (22-24°C) C 35-49 65-70°F (18-21°C) 13-15 X
Purple Flash (S) 72-76°F (22-24°C) C 35-49 65-70°F (18-21°C) 13-15 X
Petunia Black Velvet (V) No 21-28 53-61°F(12-16°C) 8-11 X X
Blue A Fuse (V) No 21-28 53-61°F(12-16°C) 8-11 X X X
Paparazzi (S) 72-76°F (22-24°C) L 28-35 55-65°F (13-18°C) 11-13 X
Paparazzi Flash (S) 72-76°F (22-24°C) L 28-35 55-65°F (13-18°C) 11-13 X X
Phantom (V) No 21-28 53-61°F (12-16°C) 8-11 X X
Pinstripe (V) No 21-28 53-61°F (12-16°C) 8-11 X X
Pop Rocks (S) 72-76°F (22-24°C) L 28-35 57-65°F (14-18°C) 9-12 X X Suncatcher (V) No 21-28 53-61°F (12-16°C) 9-12 X X X
Rudbeckia Tiger Eye (S) 75-78°F (24-25°C) L 21-35 65-68°F (18-20°C) 11-15 X
Salvia Mystic Spires Blue (V) No 21-42 62-67°F (17-19°C) 7-10 X
Vista (S) 70-75°F (21-24°C) C 28-35 64-68°F (18-20°C) 8-10 X
Snapdragon Snapshot (S) 64-68°F (18-20°C) C. Lt. 35-42 45-55°F (7-13°C) 11-12 X
Verbena Aztec (V) No 21-28 62-64°F (17-18°C) 9-11 X X X
Quartz (S) 72-75°F (22-24°C) L 28 60°F (15°C) 10-12 X
Vinca Garden (S) 75-78°F (24-25°C) L 35 65-68°F (18-20°C) 9-10 X X X
Zinnia Bridesmaid (S) 68-73°F (20-23°C) C 21 59-64°F (15-18°C) 11-12 X X
Champagne Toast (S) 68-73°F (20-23°C) C 21 59-64°F (15-18°C) 11-12 X X
Double Zahara (S) 68-73°F (20-23°C) C 21 59-64°F (15-18°C) 11-12 X X
Uptown (S) 68-73°F (20-23°C) C 21 59-64°F (15-18°C) 11-12 X
White Wedding (S) 68-73°F (20-23°C) C 21 59-64°F (15-18°C) 11-12 X X
C: Cover C. Lt.: Cover lightly L: Light needed to germinate Optional: Cover optional * Root vegetative cuttings at 68 to 72°F (20 to 22°C) media temperature.
(S) = seed (v) = vegetative
6 800 879-BALL ballseed.com
Note: This chart includes general culture guidelines. Please refer to the GrowerFacts on the following pages for detailed growing information. . Crop Seed Germination Rooting Hormone Cover/ Sow to Stick Cutting Growing On Temperature Total Crop Time Media Temperature * Before Sticking Light Transplant to Transplant (Night) for 4-in. (10-cm) 4-in. 6-in. Hanging Cutting Seed (Days) (Days) Pots (Weeks) 306 Pack (10-cm) Pot (15-cm) Pot Basket Flowers Lobelia Hot Springs (V) Optional 24-28 56-64°F (13-18°C) 10-13 X X
African Marigold Taishan (S) 68-72°F (20-22°C) C 21 59-65°F (15-18°C) 7-10 X X
Vanilla (S) 68-72°F (20-22°C) C 21 59-65°F (15-18°C) 7-10 X X
French Marigold Durango (S) 70-72°F (21-22°C) C 21 60-62°F (15-17°C) 8-9 X X
Osteospermum Voltage Yellow (V) Yes 21-28 44-55°F (7-13°C) 11-15 X X
Ornamental Pepper Black Pearl (S) 72-76°F (22-24°C) C 35-49 65-70°F (18-21°C) 13-15 X
Purple Flash (S) 72-76°F (22-24°C) C 35-49 65-70°F (18-21°C) 13-15 X
Petunia Black Velvet (V) No 21-28 53-61°F(12-16°C) 8-11 X X
Blue A Fuse (V) No 21-28 53-61°F(12-16°C) 8-11 X X X
Paparazzi (S) 72-76°F (22-24°C) L 28-35 55-65°F (13-18°C) 11-13 X
Paparazzi Flash (S) 72-76°F (22-24°C) L 28-35 55-65°F (13-18°C) 11-13 X X
Phantom (V) No 21-28 53-61°F (12-16°C) 8-11 X X
Pinstripe (V) No 21-28 53-61°F (12-16°C) 8-11 X X
Pop Rocks (S) 72-76°F (22-24°C) L 28-35 57-65°F (14-18°C) 9-12 X X Suncatcher (V) No 21-28 53-61°F (12-16°C) 9-12 X X X
Rudbeckia Tiger Eye (S) 75-78°F (24-25°C) L 21-35 65-68°F (18-20°C) 11-15 X
Salvia Mystic Spires Blue (V) No 21-42 62-67°F (17-19°C) 7-10 X
Vista (S) 70-75°F (21-24°C) C 28-35 64-68°F (18-20°C) 8-10 X
Snapdragon Snapshot (S) 64-68°F (18-20°C) C. Lt. 35-42 45-55°F (7-13°C) 11-12 X
Verbena Aztec (V) No 21-28 62-64°F (17-18°C) 9-11 X X X
Quartz (S) 72-75°F (22-24°C) L 28 60°F (15°C) 10-12 X
Vinca Garden (S) 75-78°F (24-25°C) L 35 65-68°F (18-20°C) 9-10 X X X
Zinnia Bridesmaid (S) 68-73°F (20-23°C) C 21 59-64°F (15-18°C) 11-12 X X
Champagne Toast (S) 68-73°F (20-23°C) C 21 59-64°F (15-18°C) 11-12 X X
Double Zahara (S) 68-73°F (20-23°C) C 21 59-64°F (15-18°C) 11-12 X X
Uptown (S) 68-73°F (20-23°C) C 21 59-64°F (15-18°C) 11-12 X
White Wedding (S) 68-73°F (20-23°C) C 21 59-64°F (15-18°C) 11-12 X X
C: Cover C. Lt.: Cover lightly L: Light needed to germinate Optional: Cover optional * Root vegetative cuttings at 68 to 72°F (20 to 22°C) media temperature.
800 879-BALL ballseed.com 7 Flower GrowerFacts
Note: Growers should use the GROWING ON TO FINISH ALYSSUM (SEED) information presented here Container Size as a starting point. Crop times Lobularia maritime Grow in 306 pack. will vary depending on the Clear Crystal® climate, location, time of year, Media Approximate seed count: 70,875 to 87,885/oz. Use a well-drained, disease-free media and greenhouse environmental (2,500 to 3,100/g) with a pH of 5.8 to 6.2 and a medium conditions. Chemical and initial nutrient charge. PGR recommendations are PLUG PRODUCTION only guidelines. It is the Temperature Media • Night: 55 to 60°F (13 to 15°C) responsibility of the applicator Use a well-drained, disease-free media with • Day: 60 to 75°F (15 to 24°C) to read and follow all the a pH range of 5.5 to 6.0, and EC less than current label directions for the 0.75 mmhos/cm (2:1 extraction). Light specific chemical being used in • Keep light levels as high as possible while Sowing maintaining appropriate temperatures accordance with all regulations. • Sow multi-seed pellets or multiple sow during production. film-coated seed with 5 to 6 seeds per • Under garden/landscape conditions, cell for best performance. Clear Crystal requires full sun; however, • The multi-seed pellet form requires a partial shade may be beneficial for thick layer of vermiculite and sufficient retail shelf life. water to dissolve the pellet at sowing; this is especially true in low humidity Fertilizer environments. • Starting 1 week after transplant, apply fertilizer at rate 3 (175 to 225 ppm N/1.2 Plug Tray Size: to 1.5 mS/cm) using predominantly Can be best produced in 200, 288 or nitrate-form fertilizer with low similar cell-size plug trays. phosphorus. Stage 1 - Germination takes • If needed, alternate with a balanced approximately 3 to 4 days. ammonium and nitrate-form fertilizer to Germination temperature: 70 to 72°F (21 encourage growth and balance the media to 22°C) pH. Light: Light is beneficial during • Maintain the media EC at 1.50 to 2.00 germination. mS/cm and pH at 5.8 to 6.2. Relative humidity: Maintain 95 to 97% • Excessive fertilizer levels will result in relative humidity until cotyledons emerge. large, lush leaves and smaller flower Avoid excess humidity later in the plug count, whereas fertilizer stress will cause production, as this will create conditions very small leaves, hard plants and yellow favorable for disease incidence. lower leaves. Stage 2 Irrigation Temperature: 65 to 75°F (18 to 24°C) days; • Maintain optimal media moisture (not too 60 to 65°F (15 to 18°C) nights wet or too dry). Light: Can be up to 2,500 f.c. (26,900 Lux) • Avoid overhead irrigation. during Stages 2 and 3. • Irrigation should take place during times Media Moisture: Keep the media medium when foliage will dry quickly, to prevent (level 3) to medium wet (level 4). any disease incidence. Fertilizer: Apply fertilizer at rate 1 (less than 100 ppm N/less than 0.7 mS/cm EC) Plant Growth Regulators with a nitrate-form fertilizer with low PGRs are not required. If needed, growth phosphorous. can be controlled by adjusting the fertilization and day/night temperatures Stage 3 during the production. Temperature: 65 to 75°F (18 to 24°C) days; 55 to 60°F (13 to 15°C) nights Crop Scheduling Media Moisture: Keep the media medium Sow to transplant: Approximately 4 weeks wet (level 3) during Stages 3 and 4. Transplant to flower: 4 to 6 weeks Fertilizer: Increase the fertilizer rate to 2 seasonally (100 to 175 ppm N/0.7 to 1.2 mS/cm EC). Total crop time (sow to flower): 8 to 10 Maintain a media pH of 5.8 to 6.2 and EC at weeks seasonally 0.7 to 1.0 mS/cm (1:2 extraction). Common Problems Stage 4 Diseases: Downy mildew. Also, a Temperature: 60 to 70°F (15 to 21°C) days; preventative fungicide application for 55 to 60°F (13 to 15°C) nights damping-off during plug production is Light: Light levels can be up to 5,000 recommended. NOTE: Avoid using copper- f.c. (53,800 Lux) if temperatures can be based fungicides on Alyssum. maintained. Fertilizer: Same as Stage 3. Plant Growth Regulators PGRs are generally not required.
8 800 879-BALL ballseed.com Flower GrowerFacts
Temperature ANGELONIA (SEED) • Night: 65 to 67°F (18 to 19°C) ANGELONIA (Vegetative) Angelonia angustifolia • Day: 65 to 76°F (18 to 24°C) Angelonia angustifolia • Daily average temperatures below 65°F Serena® (18°C) will slow down the crop growth Archangel™ Approximate seed count (pelleted): 28,500 S./oz. rate dramatically. (1,000 S./g) PROPAGATION Light • Choose a well-drained medium with an Keep light as high as possible while EC of 0.75 to 0.80 mmhos and a pH of PLUG PRODUCTION maintaining recommended temperatures. 5.8 to 6.2. Media • Stick cuttings within 12 to 24 hours of Use a well-drained, disease-free, soilless Irrigation Avoid both excessive watering and drought. arrival. Cuttings can be stored overnight, medium with a pH of 5.5 to 6.0 and a if necessary, at 45 to 50°F (7 to 10°C). medium initial nutrient charge (EC 0.75 Fertilizer • Soil temperature should be maintained mmhos/cm with a 1:2 extraction). • Feed plants weekly at rate 3 (175 to 225 at 68 to 73°F (20 to 23°C) until roots are Sowing ppm) using predominantly nitrate-form visible. Plug tray size from 406 to 128. Do not fertilizer with low phosphorus and high • To encourage branching and reduce stem cover or bury the seed. potassium. stretch, Archangel Angelonia should • Maintain the media EC at 1.5 to 2.0 mS/ be propagated under as high a light as Stage 1 – Germination takes 4 to cm and pH at 5.8 to 6.2. possible while avoiding unnecessary 5 days. stress on the cuttings. Growth Regulators Soil temperature: 71 to 76°F (22 to 24°C) • Begin fertilization with 75 to 100 ppm N • A tank mix of B-Nine (daminozide) 2,500 Light: 10 f.c. (100 Lux) or higher. Light is when roots become visible. Increase to ppm mixed with Cycocel (chlormequat) required for germination. Seeds will not 150 to 200 ppm N as roots develop. Avoid 750 to 1,000 ppm is the most effective germinate in the dark. phosphorous and ammoniacal nitrogen growth regulator for Angelonia. Moisture: Keep soil moist but not saturated during the rooting process to reduce • Cycocel rates can be adjusted depending (level 4) during Stage 1 for optimal stretch and unwanted vegetative growth. on environmental conditions. germination. • As the rooted cuttings develop, high • Use lower rates under cooler and shorter Humidity: Maintain 95% relative humidity light, appropriate water stress and daylength conditions, and higher rates (RH) until radicle emergence. moderate air temperatures should under warmer and longer daylength eliminate the need for chemical plant Stage 2 conditions. growth regulators (PGRs) on Archangel Soil temperature: 68 to 73°F (20 to 23°C) • Growth regulators can be started 2 weeks Angelonia. Archangel Angelonia is Light: Up to 2,500 f.c. (26,900 Lux) after transplanting. Repeat as needed. Moisture: Start to slightly reduce soil responsive to a B-Nine and Cycocel tank moisture (level 4) to allow the roots to For growers in warmer climates: mix, should PGRs be needed. penetrate into the media. A Bonzi (paclobutrazol) drench at 5 to 10 • Pinching is not required but to improve Fertilizer: Apply fertilizer at rate 1 (less ppm (1.3 to 2.5 ml/l, 0.4% formulation) can branching and habit, plants can be than 100 ppm) from nitrate-form fertilizers be used 2 weeks after transplant instead of pinched 5 to 7 days before transplanting. with low phosphorous. the B-Nine/Cycocel tank mix. • Archangel Angelonia rooted cuttings should be ready for transplanting 24 Stage 3 Pinching to 28 days after sticking and should be Soil temperature: 65 to 70°F (18 to 21°C) Do not pinch the plants! Seed Angelonia transplanted as soon as possible. Rooted Light: Up to 2,500 f.c. (26,900 Lux) has excellent natural basal-branching. cuttings should not be held, as Archangel Moisture: Allow the media to further dry Pinching will only delay flowering and make Angelonia will be actively growing and until the surface becomes light brown the plant habit unattractive. plants will begin to crowd and stretch (level 2) before watering. Keep the very quickly. moisture level at wet-dry cycle (moisture Crop Scheduling level 4 to 2). Do not allow the seedlings to Sow to transplant (406 to 128-cell plug GROWING ON TO FINISH wilt as they do not recover very well. tray): 5 to 6 weeks Fertilizer: Increase fertilizer to rate 2 (100 Transplant from 406 to 288-tray to Scheduling to 175 ppm). saleable finished container: • Archangel Angelonia requires higher Growth Regulators: Growth regulators light levels. are generally not needed in plug stage. If Container Plants Weeks Total • In areas with low light levels in early necessary, B-Nine (daminozide) 5,000 ppm Size Per From Weeks Spring, Angelonia is best planted as a spray can be used. Pot Transplant mid to late-Spring and Summer crop. Stage 4 306 pack 1 8 to 9 13 to 15 • In areas with moderate to high Winter Soil temperature: 65 to 67°F (18 to 19°C) and early Spring light levels, Archangel 4 to 4.5-in. 1 9 to 10 13 to 15 Angelonia can be grown year-round. Light: Up to 5,000 f.c. (53,800 Lux) if (10 to optimal temperature can be maintained. 11-cm) Pot Media Moisture: Same as Stage 3. Use a light, well-drained soilless medium Fertilizer: Same as Stage 3. Note: When transplanted from a 128-tray, finish crop time for Serena can be reduced with a pH of 5.8 to 6.2. GROWING ON TO FINISH by 1 to 2 weeks. Temperature Common Problems • Night: 62 to 70°F (17 to 21°C) Media • Day: 74 to 85°F (23 to 29°C) Use a well-drained, disease-free, soilless Insects: No serious problems Diseases: No serious problems • Temperatures below those recommended medium with a pH of 5.4 to 6.2 and a will slow plant growth significantly and medium initial nutrient charge. cause the lower foliage to yellow.
800 879-BALL ballseed.com 9 Flower GrowerFacts
Archangel Angelonia continued • Likewise, a tank mix of A-Rest (6 to 12 ppm) and B-Nine (1,000 to 1,500 ppm) BACOPA (vegetative) Light applied 1 to 2 times can be used to Sutera cordata • Keep light levels as high as possible while control growth. maintaining recommended temperatures. • Cultural practices should be emphasized Abunda™ Giant White • The ideal range is 6,000 to 10,000 f.c. to avoid use of PGRs on Archangel (60,000 to 100,000 Lux) Angelonia compact varieties. PROPAGATION • Light levels below 5,000 f.c. (50,000 • In general, more frequent applications • Bacopa should be turgid when planted. Lux) will promote stem stretch and of any growth regulator at a lower This may require rehydration of cuttings reduce branching. concentration will produce the best results. prior to sticking. • Florel causes leaf tip burn when applied • Choose a well-drained medium with an Watering to Archangel Angelonia. EC of 0.75 to 0.80 mmhos and a pH of • Allow the media to dry moderately • These recommendations for plant 5.4 to 5.8. between waterings. growth regulators should be used only • Open shipping boxes immediately. • To avoid leaf tip burn, do not allow media as general guidelines. Growers must Stick cuttings within 12 hours of arrival. to dry completely or the plant to wilt trial all chemicals under their particular Cuttings can be stored overnight, if repeatedly. conditions. necessary, at 45 to 50°F (7 to 10°C). • Soil temperature should be maintained Fertilizer Common Problems at 68 to 73°F (20 to 23°C) until roots are • Use constant feed at 175 to 225 ppm with visible. a full complement of minor elements. Problems Causes • Once roots are visible, the media • Excessive phosphorous and ammoniacal Plant/ Wet media for an extended should be kept moderately wet and nitrogen will promote unwanted stem period of time (Pythium, never saturated. This will prevent iron vegetative growth. collapse Rhizoctonia, Botrytis) deficiency and the associated chlorotic • Both should be provided in very limited Excessive Low light conditions foliage which can develop. quantities. vegetative Over-fertilization under low • Begin fertilization with 75 to 100 ppm N • Controlled-release fertilizer can be used growth light conditions when roots become visible. Increase to to supplement a liquid feed program. 150 to 200 ppm N as roots develop. • Leach regularly to avoid the buildup of Overwatering under low light conditions • As the rooted cuttings develop, high light high soluble salt levels. and moderate air temperatures should Poor Low fertilization, especially Pinching branching nitrogen eliminate the need for chemical plant • A single pinch is recommended when growth regulators (PGRs). Low light conditions growing Archangel Angelonia in 4.5 to • Abunda Bacopa does not require 5-in. (11 to 13-cm) containers. Stretched Low light conditions pinching during propagation. However, • The first pinch should be 5 to 7 days plants Crowding before spacing to improve branching and habit, plants can be pinched 7 to 10 days before after transplanting. Late transplanting • Stems should be pinched to 4 or 5 nodes. transplanting. • Growers may choose to pinch plants in Excessive phosphorous • Bacopa rooted cuttings should be ready larger, 5 to 8-in. (13 to 20-cm) containers for transplanting 21 to 24 days after a second time to enhance branching and Crop Schedule & Uses sticking. the number of flower spikes. (Crop Schedule in Weeks) • When growing in larger containers, the GROWING ON TO FINISH second pinch should be applied 14 to 21 4 to 4.5-in. 6-in. (15-cm) Media days after the first. (10 to 11-cm) Pot Pot Use a well-drained, disease-free, soilless 3 PP* medium with a pH of 5.4 to 5.8. Controlling Growth 1 PP* • Height can be controlled, in part, by Temperature maintaining moderate fertility, allowing Unrooted 9 to 11 13 to 16 cuttings • Night: 56 to 61°F (13 to 16°C) the media to dry slightly between • Day: 65 to 76°F (18 to 24°C) waterings, providing maximum light and Rooted 5 to 8 10 to 12 • Cool night temperatures will create spacing plants in advance of crowding cuttings maximum branching, darkest foliage and stretch. color and the best possible habit. • Under conditions conducive to rapid *PP: Plants per pot vegetative growth, chemical plant growth Light regulators may be needed. • Keep light intensities at 4,000 to 8,000 • A Cycocel (700 to 1,000 ppm) and B-Nine f.c. (40,000 to 80,000 Lux). (1,500 to 2,000 ppm) tank mix applied 1 • Low light levels result in poor branching, to 2 times is effective. stem stretch and reduced flowering. • The first application should be 7 to 10 • Abunda Bacopa is daylength neutral and days after the first pinch. will flower year-round. Watering Abunda Bacopa is susceptible to root diseases if overwatered. Allow the media to dry slightly between watering, but wilt should be avoided.
10 800 879-BALL ballseed.com Flower GrowerFacts
Fertilizer Fertilizer • Use constant feed of 175 to 225 ppm with BEGONIA (seed) • Begin fertilization at 5 days out of the a full complement of minor elements. Begonia x hybrida germination chamber, or 10 days after Additional iron as needed. germination on the bench. • Controlled-release fertilizer can be used Dragon Wing® • Dragon Wing and Whopper plugs require to supplement a liquid feed program. more feed than other fibrous begonias. • Leach regularly to avoid the buildup of Whopper • Recommended application is 50 ppm N, high soluble salt levels. Approximate seed count (pelleted): 28,500 S./oz. 2 to 3 times per week. • Test soil regularly for high pH/iron (1,000 S./g) • In Week 3, increase feed to 150 to 200 deficiency. ppm N, 2 to 3 times per week. GERMINATION Pinching Plant Growth Regulators Germination takes 7 to 10 days. • Pinch plants 10 to 14 days after Growth regulators are not required to transplanting, as needed, to improve Plug Tray Size produce Dragon Wing and Whopper plugs. basal branching. Dragon Wing and Whopper plants are • A 4-in. (10-cm) crop can be produced with best produced in 200-cell or larger plug GROWING ON TO FINISH no pinch, if necessary. trays. This permits the plant enough Temperature growth at the plug stage so that the Controlling Growth • Night: 60 to 65°F (15 to 18°C) direction of the arching stem is clear for • Use high light and moderate • Day: 65 to 70°F (18 to 21°C) correct orientation at planting time. This temperatures to control growth. orientation can be seen in smaller plugs, Container Size • Abunda Bacopa will generally flower and but is less readily apparent. Dragon Wing and Whopper begonias be saleable well before any plant growth can be transplanted into a wide range of regulators are needed. Media container sizes. Follow these guidelines for • Bacopa is highly responsive to Florel Use a well-drained, disease-free sowing the number of plants per pot or basket: (300 to 500 ppm) when used to improve medium with a pH of 5.8 to 6.0 and branching and eliminate early flowering. electrical conductivity (EC) of 0.5 mmhos/ • These recommendations for plant Container Size Bench Plants Per cm. A very light covering of vermiculite Spacing Pot/Basket growth regulators should be used only may be needed when germinating pelleted as general guidelines. Growers must seed on the bench. 4 to 4.5-in Pot-tight 1 trial all chemicals under their particular (10 to 11-cm) Pot conditions. Moisture Keep media saturated through 6-in. 8 in. 2 to 3 (15-cm) Pot (20 cm) Common Problems germination. Insects: Aphids, thrips, whitefly, fungus gnats Temperature Transplanting Diseases: Botrytis, Rhizoctonia, Pythium 72 to 75°F (22 to 24°C). Keep temperature Due to directional stem arching, it is as constant as possible. very important to position Dragon Wing and Whopper plugs properly when Problems Causes Humidity placing more than 1 plug into baskets and Maintain relative humidity at approximately Plant Wet media for an extended containers for finishing. collapse period (Pythium) 95% or higher. Rhizoctonia due to planting Light too deep Light is beneficial but not required for Delayed Low light levels germination. flowering Excessive Florel application PLUG PRODUCTION Excessive High ammonia concentration vegetative in the soil Temperature growth Over-fertilization under low After radicle emergence, maintain a light conditions constant 70°F (21°C) soil temperature for Low light and overwatering; two weeks. In Week 3, the temperature can wet media be decreased to 65°F (18°C). Poor Low fertilization; lack of Moisture branching nitrogen • Slightly reduce media moisture levels after radicle emergence. Stretched Low light Plugs must be placed with the growing plants • Maintain uniform media moisture until shoot facing outward, toward the outside the true leaves appear; then allow media of the container (see drawing). This is Chlorosis Iron deficiency to dry out slightly between waterings. the side of the plant the flower is on. The High pH • Do not stress plugs until Stage 4. directional growth remains consistent as Nitrogen deficiency Light the plant matures, ensuring flowers on the • Light will help to ensure a higher-quality outside of the finish container. Crop Schedule & Uses seedling. Media (Crop Schedule in Weeks) • After radicle emergence, keep light levels Use a well-drained, disease-free, at 400 to 2,000 f.c. (4,000 to 20,000 soilless medium with a pH of 5.4 to 4-in. (10-cm) Pot Lux) for 2 weeks. 6.0 and electrical conductivity (EC) 1 PP* of 1.0 mmhos/cm. Unrooted cuttings 10 to 13 Rooted cuttings 5 to 7 *PP: Plants per pot
800 879-BALL ballseed.com 11 Flower GrowerFacts
Dragon Wing & Whopper Common Problems Fertilizer: Increase the fertilizer rate to 2 Begonia continued Dragon Wing and Whopper begonias are (100 to 175 ppm), 2 to 3 times per week. quite disease and pest-free. No major Alternate fertilizers from ammonia-form Light problems will occur if using good cultural to nitrate-form. Maintain a media pH of • Grow on in a high-light environment – and IPM practices. A wide range of 5.8 to 6.2 and EC at 0.7 to 1.0 mS/cm (1:2 3,000 to 7,000 f.c. (30,000 to 70,000 insecticides have been tested on Dragon extraction). Lux). Wing and Whopper plants with little or no Stage 4 • Daylength and light quality can have a phytotoxicity. Temperature: Can be decreased to 65 to dramatic effect on plant habit; daylength 67°F (18 to 19°C) can also affect flowering time. Light: Up to 5,000 f.c. (54,000 Lux) • Dragon Wing and Whopper begonias Media Moisture: Moisture level can will flower under natural daylength BEGONIA (seed) be reduced to medium dry (level 3). year-round, making them a good choice Begonia x hybrida Avoid excess humidity later in the plug for year-round production in warmer production, as this will create conditions climates. Gryphon favorable for disease incidence. • They flower 1 to 3 weeks faster under Fertilizer: Same as Stage 3. short days. Approximate seed count (multi-pelleted): 28,500 S./oz. (1000 S./g) • Short days (8 to 10 hours) cause plants to Growth Regulators grow nearly horizontal. Not needed. • Natural or HID long days give PLUG PRODUCTION intermediate, arching growth. GROWING ON TO FINISH • Long days provided by incandescent Media Media lighting cause more upright growth, Use a well-drained, disease-free, soilless Use a well-drained, disease-free, soilless which is beneficial for plant shipment medium with a pH of 5.8 to 6.2 and a medium with a pH of 5.4 to 6.0 and (tighter spacing on shelves with less medium initial nutrient charge (EC 0.5 electrical conductivity (EC) of breakage). mmhos/cm with a 1:2 extraction). 1.0 mmhos/cm. Watering Plug Tray Size Temperature • Produce Dragon Wing and Whopper • Sow 1 pelleted seed per cell in 288 or Night: 62 to 67°F (17 to 19°C) begonias on the drier side to help larger plug tray. Day: 65 to 75°F (18 to 24°C) prevent any fungal or water mold-type • Water thoroughly at sowing to completely dissolve the pellet. diseases. Light • Do not cover the pellet at sowing. • However, allowing plants to wilt even Light level from 3,000 to 7,000 f.c. slightly between waterings will delay Stage 1 – Germination takes (32,400 to 75,600 lux). flowering, reduce branch number and approximately 10 to 12 days. result in pale foliage. Germination temperature: 72 to 78°F (22 Photoperiod to 25°C). Prefers warmer temperature but Gryphon is a foliage plant, but plant could Fertilizer can also germinate well at 72°F (22°C). flower when grown under a daylength of 11 • A feed program of 200 ppm N once a Light: Light is required. hours or shorter. Under daylength longer week can begin as soon as the plugs have Media Moisture: Keep the media moisture than 11 hours, flowering will be significantly begun to root out. (level 5) during germination. Gryphon is delayed or plants will never flower. • Note: Severe fertility and/or water stress very sensitive to drying out during early will delay flowering 1 to 2 weeks. stages of germination. Irrigation Plant Growth Regulators Relative Humidity: Maintain 95 to Avoid both excessive watering and drought. • 4-in. (10-cm) pots: A spray of 3 ppm 97% relative humidity until cotyledons emerge. A saturated media and high Fertilizer (0.75ml/l) Bonzi can be applied weekly • Apply fertilizer at rate 3 (175 to 225 ppm) for 3 applications to keep plants compact. relative humidity is critical to germinate successfully. once a week as soon as the plugs have Start the first application 2 weeks after begin to root out. transplanting. Stage 2 • A balanced ammonium and nitrate-form • 6-in. (15-cm) pots: A spray of 5 ppm (1.25 Temperature: Optimum 71 to 76°F (21 to fertilizer may be applied as needed to ml/l) Bonzi 2 weeks after transplant has 24°C) encourage growth and balance the media been found to be effective in trials in Light: Up to 2,500 f.c. (26,900 Lux) pH. Elburn, IL. An additional 1 or 2 sprays Media Moisture: Keep the media very wet of 5 ppm (1.25 ml/l) Bonzi every other (level 5) to medium wet (level 4) during Growth Regulators week after the first application results stage 2. Keep soil moisture high and • Generally, PGRs are not needed. in earlier flowering, shorter internodes, maintain uniform media moisture. Do not • If necessary, a tank mix of B-Nine darker foliage and more uniform stress plugs. (daminozide) 2,500 ppm and Cycocel branches. Fertilizer: Begin fertilization at 5 days out (chlormequat) 300 ppm or B-Nine/Alar • Note: In-house trials are recommended of the germination chamber. Start with 50 alone (for cooler area) can be used at 2 to determine the best rates for to 75 ppm N from ammonia-form fertilizer, weeks after transplanting. your location. Always follow current 2 to 3 times per week increase slowly to • Avoid using Cycocel alone as it can cause manufacturer label instructions. 100 ppm. Maintain a media pH of 5.8 to 6.2. phytotoxicity. • Also use caution with Bonzi, Topflor, and Crop Scheduling Sumagic as they can stunt plants. Sow to transplant: 7 to 8 weeks Stage 3 Temperature: 68 to 73°F (20 to 22°C) Note: In-house trials are recommended to Transplant to finish: determine the best rates for your location. 4-in. (10-cm) pot with 1 plant per pot: Light: Up to 5,000 f.c. (54,000 Lux). Media Moisture: Keep media medium wet Always follow current manufacturer label 7 to 9 weeks instructions. 6-in. (15-cm) pots with 2 to 3 plants per to medium (level 4 to 3). Do not allow the pot: 7 to 9 weeks seedlings to wilt. Maintain uniform media Pinching moisture until the true leaves appear; then No pinching is required. allow media to dry out slightly between waterings. Do not stress plugs.
12 800 879-BALL ballseed.com Flower GrowerFacts
Crop Scheduling • Preventively drench after sticking to Controlling Growth Sow to transplant (288 cell plug tray): reduce Pythium risk. Preventive sprays • Maintain recommended temperatures 8 to 9 weeks combined with venting and proper water and light levels to avoid stretch. management help control Botrytis. • Excessive moisture in media will Container Plants Per Weeks Pests shouldn’t be a problem in a weed- encourage unwanted stretch. Size Pot From free rooting area. Excessive pesticide • Water management is an excellent tool Transplant use during rooting may result in slow, in producing high-quality Sparks Will Fly 6-in. (15-cm) 1 to 3 5 to 6 irregular rooting. begonias. Pot • Using PGRs during rooting will result in • Chemical plant growth regulators are a more compact cutting. Spray B-Nine generally not needed. Sparks Will Fly at 1,000 to 1,500 ppm or Cycocel at 250 begonia is responsive to B-Nine and Common Problems to 350 ppm before cuttings stretch. B-Nine/Cycocel tank mix for finished Gryphon begonias are quite disease and Depending on variety and time of year, production in smaller containers. Begin pest-free. No major problems will occur a second application may be necessary. applications 7 days after transplant. if using good cultural and IPM practices. Florel is not recommended. • These recommendations for plant A wide range of insecticides have been • Pinch liner at third node but before fifth growth regulators should be used only tested on Gryphon plants with little or no node develops. as general guidelines. Growers must phytotoxicity. • Extend daylength to at least 14 hours trial all chemicals under their particular using HID lights, if possible. conditions. GROWING ON TO FINISH Common Problems BEGONIA (vegetative) Insects: Whitefly, spider mites Media Begonia x hybrida • A pH of 5.8 to 6.2 is optimum. Problems Causes • Sparks Will Fly begonia prefers a well- Sparks Will Fly drained soil. Plant Stem canker (Botrytis) A Burpee Home Gardens® Exclusive. collapse Plants grown in saturated soil Temperature for extended period of time PROPAGATION Night: 55 to 60°F (13 to 16°C) (Pythium) • The day cuttings arrive, stick them in Day: 65 to 75°F (18 to 24°C) a disinfected propagation area. Crop can be finished cooler in final weeks Poor Low fertilization during early • Use a slightly moistened, well-drained, branching, stages of growth of production; maintain temps above 55°F thin plants aerated rooting media with a pH of 5.8 (13°C). Low light to 6.2 and EC of 1.0 to 1.5. Use paper or Production under short days other preformed pots. Light (less than 12 hours) • When sticking, avoid direct contact • Sparks Will Fly begonia should be grown between foliage and soil. Bottom heat under moderate light levels; 3,000 to Crop Schedule & Uses is recommended. Media temperature of 4,000 f.c. (30,000 to 40,000 Lux) is the (Crop Schedule in Weeks) 72°F (22°C) and air temperature of 68 to ideal range. • Plants may scorch under high light and 74°F (20 to 23°C) with 70 to 80 percent Container Size Rooted humidity will ensure quick and uniform high temperatures. Longer days promote cuttings rooting. flowering. • Temperatures can be lowered after • Schedule crops to finish under long days 4-in. (10-cm) Pot 5 to 7 cuttings are well-rooted, but never let (more than 13 hours). 1 PP* them fall below 58°F (14°C). • Crops produced under short days (less 6 to 8-in. 6 to 8 • Water cuttings slightly after sticking. Mist than 12 hours) will result in small plants (15 to 20-cm) Pots 1 to 3 days, avoiding saturating media. and poor flowering. Keep cuttings somewhat dry and let wilt 1 to 2 PP* Watering slightly between mists. Avoid run-off, 10 to 12-in. 8 to 11 • The media should be allowed to dry which will leach nutrients and may cause (25 to 30-cm) Pots between waterings. fungal problems. If possible, mist by hand • Water stress can be used for growth 2 to 3 PP* only and cover cuttings with cheesecloth. control, however, periods of sustained • Roots should be visible after 9 to 11 days. *PP: Plants per pot or basket wilting should be avoided. Total rooting time is 21 to 29 days. • Excess water will result in unwanted • Water in the morning; excess water stretch and disease. will leach nutrients and raise the pH, resulting in nutrition deficiencies. Fertilizer • Shade cuttings for the first week at • Use a constant liquid feed program of 1,500 to 2,000 f.c. (15,000 to 20,000 200 to 300 ppm. Lux), which reduces transpiration. Well- • Sparks Will Fly begonia will benefit from established cuttings can tolerate light more fertilizer early in production to levels of 2,500 to 3,500 f.c. (25,000 to build a strong plant. 35,000 Lux). • Regular leaching with clear water will • As cuttings root, fertilize at 150 to 200 help to reduce buildup of excess salts in ppm N using a well-balanced fertilizer, media. including minor elements. Fertilize in the morning to avoid high salt levels. Pinching • It is not recommended to pinch Sparks Will Fly begonias.
800 879-BALL ballseed.com 13 Flower GrowerFacts
GROWING ON TO FINISH BEGONIA (seed) BIDENS (vegetative) Container Size Begonia x hybrida 306 pack: 1 plant per cell Bidens ferulifolia Yang 4 to 4.5-in. (10 to 12-cm) pot: Sun Kiss 1 plant per pot Yin Media PROPAGATION Approximate seed count (pelleted): 28,550 S./oz. • Choose a well-drained medium with an (1,000 S./g) Use a well-drained, disease-free soilless medium with a medium initial nutrient EC of 0.75 to 0.80 mmhos and a pH of charge and a pH of 6.0 to 6.5. 5.8 to 6.2. GERMINATION • Stick cuttings within 12 to 24 hours of • Germination takes 7 to 10 days. Temperature arrival. Cuttings can be stored overnight, • Do not cover seed. Water thoroughly at • Night: 60 to 65°F (15 to 18°C) if necessary, at 45 to 50°F (7 to 10°C). sowing to completely dissolve the pellet. • Day: 65 to 70°F (18 to 21°C) • Soil temperature should be maintained at 68 to 73°F (20 to 23°C) until roots are • Recommended plug sizes are 512 to Light visible. 288-cell. Grow in a high light environment: 3,000 to • Once roots are visible, the media should be 7,000 f.c. (30,000 to 70,000 lux). High light Temperature kept moderately wet, but never saturated. levels will result in earlier flowering and 75 to 78°F (24 to 25°C). Keep temperature • Begin fertilization with 75 to 100 ppm N stronger stems. as constant as possible. when roots become visible. Increase to Humidity Irrigation 150 to 200 ppm N as roots develop. Maintain relative humidity at 95%. Allow the media to dry slightly, then water • As the rooted cuttings develop, high light liberally. Water early in the day to avoid and moderate air temperatures should Sowing leaf burn when temperatures are high. eliminate the need for chemical plant Do not cover seed. Germinating in a growth regulators (PGRs). chamber is recommended. Fertilization • Sun Kiss Bidens should be pinched during Fertilize every other irrigation with 15-0-15, propagation. To improve branching and Light alternating with 20-10-20 at 150 ppm N. habit, plants should be pinched 7 to 10 Light is beneficial, but not required. Maintain the medium EC around 1.0 mmos/ days before transplanting. cm (1:2 extraction). • Bidens rooted cuttings should be ready PLUG PRODUCTION Plant Growth Regulators for transplanting 21 to 24 days after Media Note: Yin and Yang are very responsive to sticking. Use a very well-drained, disease-free Bonzi and Sumagic. Avoid overspray from GROWING ON TO FINISH soilless medium with a medium pH of 5.8 neighboring plants. to 6.2 and an EC of about 0.5 mmhos/cm Media (1:2 extraction). Pinching Use a well-drained, disease-free, soilless No pinching is required. Temperature medium. Maintain a media pH of 5.8 to 6.2. • Maintain soil temperature at 70 to 75°F Crop Scheduling Temperature (21 to 24°C) after true leaves develop. Sow to transplant (512 or 288-cell plug • Night: 53 to 61°F (12 to 16°C) • Plugs can be held at 62 to 65°F (17 to tray): 7 to 8 weeks • Day: 59 to 76°F (15 to 24°C) 18°C) from maturity until transplant. Transplant to finish: 5 to 7 weeks • Excessively warm temperatures will Light Note: Space the plants when the foliage cause stretching. After germination, maintain light levels starts touching each other. • Recommended night temperatures will between 1,000 and 2,500 f.c. (10,000 to create maximum branching and the best 30,000 Lux). As seedlings mature, light Common Problems possible habit. Insects: Fungus gnats, shore flies levels can be increased up to 5,000 f.c. Light (54,000 Lux). Diseases: No major problems when using good cultural and IPM practices. • Keep light intensities at 5,000 to 9,000 Moisture f.c. (50,000 to 90,000 Lux). Yin and Yang are very sensitive to drying • Low light levels promote stem stretch. out during early stages of germination. • Reduce light intensity when Keep soil moisture high until the first true temperatures are high to prevent flower leaf develops, then reduce moisture levels. and leaf burning. Fertilizer Watering The high soluble salts in fertilizers tend • Sun Kiss Bidens is susceptible to Botrytis. to affect Nightlife; however, it will also Avoid high humidity and wet foliage. grow slowly if not fertilized. Frequent light • When plants are young, allow the media fertilization is best. Use 20-10-20 about to dry slightly between waterings. 50 ppm at Day 8 and at Day 11. Then use Fertilizer every other day until Stage 3. After true • Use constant feed with a balanced leaves emerge, alternate with 15-0-15 fertilizer at 175 to 225 ppm N with until transplant. Always rinse foliage after full complement of minor elements. feeding. Additional iron as needed. Plant Growth Regulators • Controlled-release fertilizer can be used None are required during the plug stage. to supplement a liquid feed program. Pinching • Pinch plants back 7 to 10 days after transplanting to improve basal branching. • For a larger basket or container, a second pinch can be applied, but will delay flowering by approximately 2 weeks.
14 800 879-BALL ballseed.com Flower GrowerFacts
• Plants will generally bloom 4 to 6 weeks • Flowering is best under long days of after a pinch. CALIBRACHOA Spring and Summer. Generally, flowering (vegetative) will begin in mid to late Spring and will Controlling Growth be heaviest in late May to September. • The best way to control the growth of Calibrachoa hybrid Crop times will be increased under short Bidens is to grow the crop cool, provide daylength. An Autumn crop is possible if bright light and apply moderate, regular the crop is started early enough to allow water stress to promote flowering and Isabells A Burpee Home Gardens® Exclusive. for flower initiation before days shorten reduce unwanted vegetative growth. significantly. • Sun Kiss Bidens is a naturally more PROPAGATION • For fastest flowering during short compact variety compared to other • Choose a well-drained medium with an daylength, maintain night temperatures Bidens. If needed, control growth using EC of 0.75 to 0.80 mmhos and a pH of at 59 to 61°F (15 to 16°C) and use lighting 1 or more applications of B-Nine (1,500 5.4 to 5.8. to provide a daylength greater than 12 to to 2,000 ppm) starting 2 weeks after • Open boxes upon arrival. Stick cuttings 13 hrs. Night-break lighting can be used. transplanting. within 12 to 24 hours of arrival. Cuttings • Use of PGRs can delay flowering 1 to 2 can be stored overnight, if necessary, at Watering weeks. 45 to 50°F (7 to 10°C). • Plants are susceptible to Botrytis. Avoid • Avoid spraying once flower buds appear. • Soil temperature should be maintained high humidity and wet foliage. • Varieties will respond differently to at 68 to 73°F (20 to 23°C) until roots are • Calibrachoa are susceptible to root growth regulators. visible. diseases if over-watered. Allow the media • In general, more frequent applications • Avoid over-application of mist in to dry slightly between watering, but of any growth regulator at a lower propagation. avoid any wilt. concentration will produce the best • Begin fertilization with 75 to 100 ppm N • Provide plants with adequate horizontal results. when roots become visible. Increase to air flow at all times. • These recommendations for plant 150 to 200 ppm N as roots develop. Fertilizer growth regulators should be used only • Once roots are visible, the media as general guidelines. Growers must • Calibrachoa require heavy fertilization. should be kept moderately wet and • Use constant feed with a balanced trial all chemicals under their particular never saturated. This will prevent iron conditions. fertilizer at 225 to 300 ppm N with a deficiency and the associated chlorotic full complement of minor elements. Common Problems foliage which can develop. Additional iron as needed. Insects: Aphids, thrips, leafminers, fungus • As the rooted cuttings develop, • Use clear water with every third watering gnats appropriate water stress and moderate if high soluble salt problems occur. Diseases: Botrytis, Rhizoctonia, Pythium air temperatures should eliminate the need for chemical plant growth Media pH Management • Plants must be monitored regularly for Problems Causes regulators (PGRs). • Isabells Calibrachoa can be pinched 18 early, visual signs of upward pH drift Plant Wet media for an extended to 24 days after sticking, when roots (interveinal yellowing on youngest collapse period (Pythium) are well-developed, to promote early leaves). Regular soil pH tests are an Planting too deeply branching and improve habit. excellent way to identify movements in (Rhizoctonia) • Isabells Calibrachoa rooted cuttings pH before they create visual symptoms, which can be difficult to correct. Delayed Late application of growth should be ready for transplanting 24 to flowering regulators 28 days after sticking. • Periodic application of acidic feed or drench applications of a chelated Excessive heat GROWING ON TO FINISH iron product can be used to maintain Excessive Higher than recommended air appropriate pH levels. vegetative temperatures Media • An effective method of lowering pH is • Use a well-drained, disease-free, soilless growth Over fertilization under low a soil drench of iron sulfate. The foliage light conditions medium with a pH of 5.4 to 5.8. must be rinsed immediately after • Maintain a media pH of 5.4 to 5.8 Low light levels and treatment since the iron sulfate solution overwatering; wet media throughout production. which can result in phytotoxicity to • The media should be routinely tested flowers and foliage. Poor Low fertilization; lack of every 14 days or when early signs of branching nitrogen elevated pH become visible. These early Pinching Stretched Low light levels signs can be the first indicators of the • Pinch plants back 7 to 14 days after need to lower the soil pH to avoid iron transplanting to improve basal branching. plants Excess water deficiency. Plants can be pinched as the crop Higher than recommended air matures to improve their habit, but temperatures Temperature flowering will be delayed approximately Chlorosis Iron deficiency • Night: 50 to 58°F (10 to 14°C) 2 to 3 weeks. • Day: 71 to 76°F (21 to 24°C) High pH • In trials, Florel has proven effective for • Higher than recommended temperatures increasing branching when applied 1 to Nitrogen deficiency will cause poor branching, unwanted 3 times at 250 to 500 ppm to a stress- stem stretch and reduced flowering. free, actively growing plant. Flowering Crop Schedule & Uses • Suggested night temperatures will will be delayed a minimum of 7 to 8 (Crop Schedule in Weeks) create maximum branching and the best weeks, depending on the concentration possible habit. used. Improved branching, darker green 4-in. (10-cm) Pot Light foliage and shorter internodes will be the 1 PP* • Keep light intensities at 5,000 to 8,000 benefits. Unrooted cuttings 7 to 10 f.c. (50,000 to 80,000 Lux). Controlling Growth • Low light levels cause stem stretch and • Use high light and cool temperatures to Rooted cuttings 4 to 6 poor flowering. control growth. *PP: Plants per pot • Isabells Calibrachoa respond well to DIF in production.
800 879-BALL ballseed.com 15 Flower GrowerFacts
Isabells Calibrachoa continued GROWING ON TO FINISH CAREX (seed) Container Size • If necessary, growers can use 1 or more 4 and 6-in. (10 and 15 cm.) pots applications of B-Nine (1,500 to 3,000 Amazon Mist Carex comans ppm) starting 2 weeks after transplant. Media Calibrachoa growth can also be Red Rooster Use a well-drained, disease-free, soilless controlled with 1 to 2 spray applications Carex buchananii medium with a pH of 5.8 to 6.2 and of A-Rest (20 to 50 ppm) or drench medium initial nutrient charge. applications of Bonzi (3 to 8 ppm). Approximate seed count: 3,685 S./oz. (130 S./g) Sumagic (20 to 30 ppm) can effectively Temperature control the growth of Calibrachoa when PLUG PRODUCTION • Night: 58 to 62°F (14 to 17°C) applied 1 to 2 times as a spray. • Day: 64 to 67°F (18 to 19°C) • Growers can also use a Bonzi drench (1 to Plug Tray Size • Maintain these temperatures until bud 8 ppm), applied when plants first reach Carex plugs are best produced in 305 initiation. to 288 plug trays. The average plug saleable size, to slow growth, maintain Irrigation production time is 6 to 8 weeks. a tight habit and allow normal flower Maintain even moisture. Avoid excessive development. Media wetness. • Plant growth regulators applied late in Use a well-drained, disease-free, soilless Fertilizer the crop cycle can delay flowering 1 to medium with a pH of 5.8 to 6.2 and a • After transplant, fertilize the crop with a 2 weeks. Application should be avoided medium initial nutrient charge (EC) of 0.50 balanced fertilizer supplying 150 to 200 once flower buds appear. to 0.75 mmhos/cm (1:2 extraction). • These recommendations for plant ppm N. growth regulators should be used only Sowing • Maintain the media EC at 1.0 to 1.5 as general guidelines. Growers must Lightly cover the seed with a light layer mmhos/cm and pH at 5.8 to 6.5. trial all chemicals under their particular of coarse grade vermiculite. This helps in Plant Growth Regulators conditions. keeping the seed moist during germination. Not necessary. Allow 7 to 10 days for germination. Common Problems Crop Scheduling Insects: Aphids, thrips, whitefly, leafminers Temperature Sow to transplant (288-cell plug): and fungus gnats Germination: 64 to 72°F (18 to 22°C) 5 to 8 weeks Diseases: Botrytis, Rhizoctonia, After germination: Plugs can be grown in Transplant to finish: Phytophthora, Pythium, Theilaviopsis the greenhouse at 68 to 70°F (20 to 21°C) 6-in. (15-cm.) pot: 7 to 9 weeks, 3 to days and 64 to 67°F (18 to 19°C) nights 4 plants per pot until transplant. Problems Causes 4-in. (10-cm.) pot: 7 to 9 weeks, 1 plant Light per pot Plant Wet media for an extended Stage 1: Light is not required for collapse period (Phytophthora, Rhizoctonia, Theilaviopsis) germination. After germination: 2,500 to 3,000 f.c. Delayed Daylength too short (25,000 to 30,000 Lux) COLEUS (seed) flowering Late application of growth Seedling maturity: Up to 5,000 f.c. regulators (50,000 Lux) Solenostemon scutellarioides Excessive High ammonia concentration Humidity Chocolate Covered Cherry vegetative in the soil Maintain 95 to 100% relative humidity growth Emotions Over-fertilization under low during germination. light conditions Approximate seed count: 27,500 S./oz. (970 S./g) Low light levels and over- Soil Moisture watering; wet media Keep soil moisture high at radicle PLUG PRODUCTION Excessive phosphorus emergence, then reduce moisture levels after cotyledon development. Do not allow Media Poor Low fertilization; lack of seedlings to wilt. Use a well-drained, disease-free, soilless branching nitrogen media with a pH of 5.5 to 5.8 and a Late/no pinch Fertilizer medium initial nutrient charge (EC 0.75 When cotyledons fully expand, start mS/cm). Stretched Low light levels fertilizing with 50 ppm N twice a week. plants As the true leaves develop, increase the Sowing Chlorosis Iron deficiency, high pH fertilizer rate to 100 ppm N. Maintain the Sow seed in 288 or larger plug trays. Cover lightly with vermiculite. Nitrogen deficiency plug media EC at 0.75 to 1.0 mmhos/cm and pH at 6.0 to 6.2. High salt levels in media Plant Growth Regulators Crop Schedule & Uses Not required. (Crop Schedule in Weeks)
4-in. (10-cm) 6-in. ( 15-cm) Pot Pot 1 PP* 1 to 3 PP* Unrooted 9 to 13 10 to 15 cuttings Rooted 6 to 9 7 to 11 cuttings *PP: Plants per pot
16 800 879-BALL ballseed.com Flower GrowerFacts
Stage 1 – Germination takes 4 to 5 days Growing On To Finish Soil temperature: 72 to 75°F (22 to 24°C) COLEUS (vegetative) Container Size Light: Light is not necessary. Solenostemon hybrid Moisture: Keep media evenly moist (level 306 pack: 1 plant per cell 4), but not saturated. 4 to 5-in. (10 to 13-cm) pots: 1 plant Henna Humidity: Maintain 95%+ relative humidity per pot (RH) until radicles emerge. 6-in. (15-cm) or gallon pots: 3 plants Honey Crisp per pot Indian Summer Note: Coleus is very sensitive to high salts – particularly high ammonium – during Media Redhead Use a well-drained, disease-free, soilless germination. Keep ammonium levels less Sultana than 10 ppm. media with a pH of 5.5 to 6.0 and a medium initial nutrient charge (EC 0.75 Vino Stage 2 mS/cm). Soil temperature: 72 to 75°F (21 to 24°C) Wasabi Light: Up to 2,500 f.c. (26,900 Lux) Temperature Moisture: Reduce soil moisture slightly • Night: 57 to 65°F (14 to 18°C) PROPAGATION (level 3 to 4) to allow the roots to • Day: 65 to 75°F (18 to 24°C) • Choose a well-drained medium with an penetrate into the media. EC of 0.75 to 0.80 mmhos and a pH of Light Fertilizer: Apply fertilizer at rate 1 (less 5.8 to 6.2. Provide shade if over 5,000 f.c. (53,800 than 100 ppm) from nitrate-form fertilizers • Open boxes immediately upon arrival. Lux). with low phosphorous. Alternate feed Stick cuttings within 12 to 24 hours of with clear water. Feed between 2 to 3 Irrigation arrival. Cuttings can be stored overnight, clear irrigations. Irrigate early in the day Avoid both excessive watering and drought. if necessary, at 45 to 50°F (7 to 10°C). so foliage is dry by nightfall to prevent • Soil temperature should be maintained diseases. Keep soil pH at 5.5 to 6.2 and EC Fertilizer at 68 to 73°F (20 to 23°C) until roots are less than 1.0 mS/cm. • Coleus are low to moderate feeders. visible. Excessive feed can lead to dull coloration • Avoid over-application of mist in Stage 3 and decreased vigor. propagation. Soil temperature: 68 to 70°F (20 to 21°C) • Apply fertilizer at rate 2 (100 to 175 ppm • Once roots are visible, the media should Light: Up to 2,500 f.c. (26,900 Lux) N) using predominately nitrate-form be kept moderately wet and never Moisture: Allow media to dry further until fertilizer with low phosphorus and high saturated. the surface becomes light brown (level 2) potassium. • Begin fertilization with 75 to 100 ppm N before watering but avoid excessive wilting • Maintain medium electrical conductivity when roots become visible. to promote root growth and control shoot around 1.0 mS/cm (using 1:2 extraction). • As the rooted cuttings develop, growth. Keep the moisture to wet-dry cycle appropriate moisture stress, high light (moisture level 4 to 2). Growth Regulators and moderate air temperatures will Fertilizer: Increase fertilizer to rate 2 (100 • Control plant growth first by reduce the need for chemical plant to 175 ppm N). Maintain soil pH at 5.5 to 5.8 environment, nutrition and irrigation growth regulators (PGRs). and EC less than 1.0 mS/cm (1:2 extraction). management, then with chemical plant • A B-Nine application at 1,500 to 2,500 growth regulators if needed. Growth Regulators: Generally not needed. ppm applied as a spray 10 to 12 days after • Minimize ammonium-form nitrogen sticking is effective in reducing stem If necessary, A-Rest, B-Nine and Bonzi fertilizer to avoid stem elongation. are effective on coleus. Always follow elongation. • Coleus are responsive to day/night DIF • Henna, Honey Crisp, Indian Summer, label recommendations. Use temperature and are shorter with a negative DIF. differential (DIF) whenever possible, Redhead, Sultana, Vino and Wasabi • B-Nine (daminozide) 2,500 to 5,000 Coleus do not require pinching during especially the first 2 hours after sunrise, to ppm can be applied at 2 to 3 weeks after control plant height. propagation. However, to improve transplanting. Repeat if necessary. branching and habit for 6-in. (15-cm), Stage 4 Pinching plants can be pinched 5 to 7 days before Soil temperature: 60 to 62°F (16 to 17°C) Not necessary. transplanting. Light: Up to 5,000 f.c. (53,800 Lux) if • Coleus rooted cuttings should be ready temperature can be controlled. Spacing for transplanting 21 to 24 days after Moisture: Same as Stage 3. Space plants when foliage is touching. sticking. Fertilizer: Same as Stage 3. Crop Scheduling GROWING ON TO FINISH Sow to transplant (288 cell plug): 5 to 6 weeks Media Transplant to finish: 6 to 8 weeks Use a well-drained, disease-free, soilless medium with a pH of 5.8 to 6.2. Common Problems Insects: Aphids, mealy bugs, whiteflies Temperature Diseases: Alternaria, Botrytis, Verticillium • Night: 59 to 70°F (15 to 21°C) Other: Excessive internode elongation • Day: 74 to 85°F (23 to 29°C) under low light • Cool night temperatures will extend crop time dramatically. Light • Keep light intensities at 4,000 to 10,000 f.c. (40,000 to 100,000 Lux). • Extremely low light levels result in poor branching, stem stretch and poor foliage color. Watering Allow the media to dry slightly between waterings but any wilt should be avoided.
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Vegetative Coleus continued GROWING ON TO FINISH COREOPSIS (seed) Fertilizer Container Size • Use constant feed with a balanced Coreopsis grandiflora 4 and 6-in. (10 and 15-cm) pots fertilizer at 175 to 225 ppm. • Leach regularly to avoid the buildup of Early Sunrise Media soluble salts. Approximate seed count: 10,700 S./oz. (375 S./g) Use a well-drained, disease-free, soilless medium with a pH of 5.8 to 6.2 and Pinching PLUG PRODUCTION medium initial nutrient charge. • Pinch plants 7 to 14 days after transplanting, as needed, to improve Plug Tray Size Temperature basal branching. Early Sunrise Coreopsis plugs are best • Night: 55 to 60°F (13 to 15°C) • A 4-in. (10-cm) crop can be produced with produced in 392-cell plug trays. The • Day: 60 to 70°F (15 to 21°C) no pinch. average plug production time is 5 weeks. • Maintain these temperatures until bud initiation. Controlling Growth Media • Use high light and recommended Use a well-drained, disease-free, soilless Light temperatures to control growth and medium with a pH of 5.8 to 6.2 and a Coreopsis flowers earlier under long days. produce the best possible habit. medium initial nutrient charge (EC) of 0.50 Provide night interruption lighting (10 p.m. • For large containers (1 gallon and larger), to 0.75 mmhos/cm (1:2 extraction). to 2 a.m.) when grown under short days. Coleus will generally not require any PGR Irrigation applications during production. Sowing Cover the seed with a light layer of coarse Maintain even moisture. Avoid excessive • For smaller pots (4 to 6 in./10 to 15 cm), wetness. PGRs are recommended. grade vermiculite. This helps in keeping • A high-volume Bonzi drench at 0.5 to 2.0 the seed moist during germination. Light is Fertilizer ppm applied when the crop is two-thirds required for germination. Allow 4 to 6 days • After transplant, fertilize the crop with a of finish size is effective in reducing stem for germination. balanced fertilizer supplying 150 to 200 elongation late in the production cycle. Temperature ppm N. • A Cycocel (1,000 to 1,500 ppm) and Germination: 68 to 72°F (20 to 22°C) • Maintain the media EC at 1.50 to 2.00 B-Nine (2,500 to 3,500 ppm) tank mix After germination: Plugs can be grown in mmhos/cm and pH at 5.8 to 6.5. applied 1 to 3 times, or Sumagic (5 to the greenhouse at 70 to 75°F (21 to 24°C) 10 ppm) applied as a spray, are both Plant Growth Regulators days and 60 to 65°F (15 to 18°C) nights • Growth regulators can be applied for effective. until transplant. • These recommendations for plant container production. growth regulators should be used only Light • Foliar sprays of B-Nine at 5,000 ppm as general guidelines. Growers must Stage 1: Light is required for germination. applied twice after transplant work well. trial all chemicals under their particular After germination: 2,500 to 3,000 f.c. First application can be done 2 weeks conditions. (25,000 to 30,000 Lux) after transplant followed by a second Seedling maturity: Up to 5,000 f.c. application 2 weeks later. Common Problems (50,000 Lux) Insects: Aphids, whitefly Crop Scheduling Diseases: Rhizoctonia, Pythium Humidity Sow to transplant (392-cell plug): Maintain 95 to 97% relative humidity 5 weeks during germination. Transplant to finish in a 4-in. (9-cm.) pot: Problems Causes 8 to 10 weeks Soil Moisture Transplant to finish in a 6-in. (15-cm.) pot: Plant Wet media for an extended Keep soil moisture high at radicle 9 to 10 weeks collapse period (Pythium) emergence, then reduce moisture levels Total crop time from sow to finished Excessive High ammonia concentration after cotyledon development. Do not allow container: 13 to 15 weeks vegetative in the soil seedlings to wilt. Common Problems growth Over-fertilization under low light conditions Fertilizer Insects: Whiteflies, thrips, and aphids When cotyledons fully expand, start Low light and overwatering fertilizing with 50 ppm N twice a week. Wet media As the true leaves develop, increase the Poor Low fertilization fertilizer rate to 100 ppm N. Maintain the plug media EC at 0.75 to 1.0 mmhos/cm and branching Lack of nitrogen pH at 5.8 to 6.2. Late pinch Plant Growth Regulators Stretched Low light Not required. plants Late transplanting Chlorosis Nitrogen deficiency Low night temperatures Crop Schedule & Uses (Crop Schedule in Weeks)
4-in. (10-cm) 6-in. ( 15-cm) Pot Pot 1 PP* 1 to 2 PP* Unrooted 8 to 10 9 to 11 cuttings Rooted 5 to 7 6 to 8 cuttings *PP: Plants per pot 18 800 879-BALL ballseed.com Flower GrowerFacts
Growth Regulators Humidity DIANTHUS (seed) Since Bouquet Dianthus are very Maintain 95 to 97% relative humidity Dianthus barbatus interspecific responsive to growth regulators, growers during germination until the cotyledons should experiment with concentrations emerge. Bouquet™ and application timing. For example, an Fertilization Approximate seed count: 8,575 S./oz. (300 S./g) application of Bonzi spray at 20 ppm can be applied 2 weeks after transplanting Beginning at Stage 3, fertilize 2 times per into a 4-in. (10-cm) or larger pot. For 6-in. week with 50 ppm N. Increase the nitrogen Plug Production (15-cm) pots, another application of Bonzi concentration to 100 ppm after 1 week, and continue this program until the plugs Plug Tray Size spray at 20 ppm may be required 2 weeks later. are finished. Maintain the EC at 0.5 to 0.75 Best produced in 406-cell or larger plug mmhos/cm and increase to 1.0 mmhos/cm trays. Crop Scheduling (sow to flower) at Stages 3 and 4. Maintain pH at 5.8 to 6.2 Sowing Late Spring/Summer: 12 to 13 weeks throughout. Use a well-drained, disease-free medium Late Summer/Winter: 14 to 18 weeks Growth Regulators with a pH of 5.8 to 6.2, as well as good Treat 3 week-old plugs with a foliar spray of Cultural Tip aeration and water-holding capacity. Bonzi at 6 ppm for toning. One application Use a powdery mildew preventative Cover seed with medium layer of coarse in the plug stage is sufficient. vermiculite at sowing. Seed takes about 3 program. to 4 days to germinate. Plug Production Time Allow 4 to 5 weeks in 406-cell plug trays. Temperature Germination: 64 to 68°F (18 to 20°C) GROWING ON TO FINISH Cotyledon emergence: 65 to 70°F (18 to DIANTHUS (seed) 21°C) days; 60°F (15°C) nights Dianthus chinensis X barbatus Container Size True leaf expansion: 60°F (15°C) days; 306 packs 55°F (13°C) nights Floral Lace Approximate seed count: 34,000 to 71,000 S./oz. Media Light (1,200 to 2,500 S./g) Use a well-drained, disease-free soilless Light is required for germination. medium with a medium initial nutrient charge and a pH of 5.8 to 6.5. Humidity GERMINATION Maintain 95 to 97% relative humidity until Light is required for germination. Use a Temperature cotyledons emerge. well-drained, disease-free medium with a • Night: 50 to 60°F (10 to 15°C) pH of 5.8 to 6.2, and EC about 0.75 mmhos/ • Day: 60 to 75°F (15 to 24°C) Fertilization cm. Cover the seed with a medium layer of Beginning at Stage 3, fertilize 2 times a Fertilization coarse grade vermiculite at sowing. It takes • After plants are established, apply a week with 50 ppm N. Increase the nitrogen about 3 to 4 days to germinate. concentration to 100 ppm after 1 week, calcium-based fertilizer or 15-5-15 at 150 and continue this program until the plugs PLUG PRODUCTION ppm, 1 to 2 times per week. are finished. Maintain the EC at 0.5 to 0.75 • Dianthus require adequate calcium in mmhos/cm, and increase to 1.0 mmhos/cm Plug Tray Size their fertilization program. at Stages 3 and 4. pH can be maintained at Best produced in 406-cell size plug trays. Growth Regulators 5.8 to 6.2 throughout. Sowing Foliar sprays of 20 ppm Bonzi can be GROWING ON TO FINISH Use a well-drained, disease-free medium applied 2 to 3 times to control height. The with a pH of 5.8 to 6.2, and EC about 0.75 frequency of application is determined Container Size mmhos/cm. Cover the seed with a medium by the rate of plant growth, time of the Suitable for production in 4-in. (10-cm) pots layer of coarse grade vermiculite at sowing. year and location. First application can be or in 6-in. (15-cm.) pots, 3 plugs per pot. It takes about 3 to 4 days to germinate. done 2 weeks after transplant, followed by subsequent applications at weekly Temperature Temperature intervals. • Night: 50 to 60°F (10 to 15 °C) Germination: 64 to 68°F (18 to 20°C) • Day: 60 to 72°F (15 to 22°C) Cotyledon emergence: 65 to 70°F (18 to Crop Scheduling (sow to flower) 21°C) days, 60°F (15°C) nights Fertilization • Late Spring/Early Summer: True leaf expansion: 60°F (15°C) days, After plants are established, apply a 9 to 10 weeks 55°F (13°C) nights calcium-based fertilizer or 15-5-15 at 100 • Late Summer/Winter: 12 to 13 weeks ppm, 1 to 2 times per week. Dianthus Light require adequate calcium in their Light is required for germination. fertilization program.
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GROWING ON TO FINISH DICHONDRA (seed) EUPHORBIA Media Dichondra argentea Use a well-drained, disease-free, soilless (vegetative) Silver Falls medium with a pH of 5.5 to 6.5 and a Euphorbia hypericifolia medium initial nutrient charge. Approximate seed count: 6,070 S./oz. (214 S./g) ® Temperature Breathless PLUG PRODUCTION • Night: 62 to 65°F (16 to 18°C) PROPAGATION • Day: 65 to 75°F (18 to 24°C) • Choose a well-drained medium with an Media Light EC of 0.75 to 0.80 mmhos and a pH of Use a well-drained, disease-free, soilless 5.8 to 6.2. medium with a pH of 5.5 to 6.3 and a Higher light levels result in foliage that is more silver in color and shorter internodes. • Stick cuttings immediately upon medium initial nutrient charge (EC 0.75 arrival. Euphorbia cuttings are prone to mmhos/cm with a 1:2 extraction). Irrigation breakdown if stored even an additional 12 Sowing Silver Falls Dichondra benefits from warm, hours. Cover the seed lightly with coarse dry growing conditions. Let crop dry out • Soil temperature should be maintained vermiculite. well in between irrigations. at 68 to 73ºF (20 to 23ºC) until roots are visible. Fertilizer Temperature • Begin fertilization with 75 to 100 ppm N Feed weekly with 200 ppm N in complete Germination: 72 to 76°F (22 to 24°C) when roots become visible. Increase to fertilizer. Cotyledon stage: 65 to 72°F (18 to 22°C) 150 to 200 ppm N as roots develop. True leaves: 65 to 70°F (18 to 21°C) Growth Regulators • Reduce mist as soon as possible. Once Hold plugs: 62 to 65°F (16 to 18°C) For pot production, a tank mix of 5,000 roots are visible, the media should be kept moist and never saturated. Excess Light ppm B-Nine and 1,000 ppm Cycocel one water in propagation will encourage Stage 1: Not required. week after transplant can be used to unwanted plant stretch and leaf loss. After germination: 1,000 to 2,500 f.c. increase branching, control stem length • Appropriate water management, air and (10,000 to 30,000 Lux). and prevent plants from becoming tangled. light levels should eliminate the need for Seedling maturity: Up to 5,000 f.c. This treatment also makes the foliage more chemical plant growth regulators (PGRs). (54,000 Lux) if temperature can be silver. • A pinch in propagation will help to controlled. Pinching encourage early branching. Pinch 1 week Humidity Pinching is not needed. before transplant. Maintain 95% relative humidity until Crop Scheduling • Breathless Euphorbia should be ready for cotyledons emerge. Sow to transplant (288-cell plug tray): transplant 3 to 4 weeks after sticking. 6 to 7 weeks Soil Moisture GROWING ON TO FINISH Keep soil moisture high until radicle Transplant to saleable 4-in. (10-cm) pot: emergence, then reduce moisture levels 7 to 8 weeks Media after the radicle penetrates the medium. A pH of 5.8 to 6.2 is optimum. Breathless Plug development is faster with drier plug Container Plants Per Weeks Euphorbia prefers a well-drained soil. culture. Do not allow the seedlings to wilt. Size Pot From Transplant Temperature • Night: 59 to 67º (15 to 19ºC) Fertilizer 4 to 4.5-in. 1 6 to 7 At radicle emergence, apply 50 to 75 ppm (10 to 11-cm) • Day: 65 to 76ºF (18 to 24ºC) N from 15-0-15. As cotyledons expand, Pot Light increase to 100 to 150 ppm N. If producing liners (72-tray), allow 7 to 8 Breathless Euphorbia should be grown Growth Regulators weeks from sow to transplant, and reduce under high light levels; 6,000 to 9,000 f.c. Spray B-Nine at 2,500 ppm 1 week before post-transplant crop time by 2 weeks. (60,000 to 90,000 Lux) is the ideal range. transplant to promote branches. Foliage colors will be more pronounced Common Problems under high light levels. Insects: No serious problems Diseases: No serious problems Watering The medium should be allowed to dry between waterings. However, periods of sustained wilting should be avoided. Excess water will result in unwanted stretch and leaf loss. Fertilizer • Breathless Euphorbia has a moderate feed requirement. Use a constant liquid feed program of 175 to 225 ppm. • Regular leaching with clear water will help to reduce buildup of excess salts in media.
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Pinching Transplanting • If no pinch was performed in GERANIUM • Plant geranium rooted cuttings so the propagation, Breathless Euphorbia (vegetative) soil slightly covers the propagation should be pinched at transplant to media. This will prevent the rooted encourage basal branching. Additional Pelargonium x hortorum cuttings from drying out unexpectedly in pinching is optional. the early stages of the crop. If this type ® • A 4-in. (10-cm) crop can be produced Fantasia of drying does occur, damage to the roots without a pinch in finish production of the young plant can be tremendous. provided it received a pinch in PROPAGATION • Fantasia geraniums are produced in high- propagation or at transplant. • Choose a well-drained medium with an light areas and initiate flowers quickly. • Plants in 10-in. (25-cm) or larger pots EC of 0.75 to 0.80 mmhos and a pH of For the best vegetative growth, remove may require a shearing to shape. 6.2 to 6.6. any flower buds when potting rooted • Stick cuttings within 12 to 24 hours of cuttings. Controlling Growth arrival. Cuttings can be stored overnight, • Water-in plants thoroughly with clear • Maintain recommended temperatures if necessary, at 45 to 50°F (7 to 10°C). water immediately after transplanting and light levels to avoid stretch. • A rooting hormone is generally not to ensure good contact between the soil • Excessive moisture in media will needed, assuming the environment and roots. The same day or next apply encourage unwanted stretch. Water in propagation is optimal. If the soil liquid feed. management is an excellent tool to temperature and/or mist coverage is not use to produce high-quality Breathless optimal, a rooting hormone may help Temperature Euphorbia. promote early, more uniform rooting. • Day and night temperatures of 71 to 76°F • Chemical plant growth regulators are • A protective fungicide application should (21 to 24°C) are ideal for the earliest generally not needed. be made within 12 hrs. of sticking to stages of plant development. As the crop • Use a B-Nine (spray) 2,500 ppm, Cycocel reduce the risk of Botrytis. matures, night temperatures should be (spray) 750 ppm tank mix 7 to 10 days • Soil temperature should be maintained maintained at 62 to 67°F (17 to 19°C) with after transplant. at 68 to 73°F (20 to 23°C) until roots are day temperatures of 65 to 76°F (18 to • Do not use Florel. visible. 24°C). • These recommendations for plant • Begin fertilization with 75 to 100 ppm N • Significantly lower night temperatures growth regulators should be used only when roots become visible. Increase to increase crop time. Higher night as general guidelines. Growers must 150 to 200 ppm N as roots develop. temperatures result in excessive stretch, trial all chemicals under their particular • As the rooted cuttings develop, high light, softness of the crop and chlorotic foliage. conditions. appropriate water stress and moderate • A negative DIF of 3 to 5°F (2 to 3°C) air temperatures should reduce the need can be used to control growth without Common Problems for chemical plant growth regulators significantly slowing the crop or reducing Insects: Whitefly, spider mites (PGRs). Due to their naturally controlled quality. habit, Fantasia Zonal Geraniums will Light Problems Causes usually not need any plant growth regulators. • Zonal geraniums require moderate light Plant Stem canker (Botrytis) • Pinching should not be necessary during levels and grow best at 3,500 to 6,000 f.c. (35,000 to 60,000 Lux). collapse Plants grown in saturated propagation. media for extended periods of • Fantasia Zonal Geranium rooted cuttings • Lower light intensities can cause stretch. time (Pythium) should be ready for transplanting 24 to • Do not put hanging baskets over Zonal 28 days after sticking. Geraniums, as this will reduce light levels Poor Low fertilization during early and increase the likelihood of a Botrytis branching stages of growth; low light and thin GROWING ON TO FINISH infection. plants Media Watering Yellowing Euphorbia can be cold • Use a light, well-drained, soilless medium • Keep the soil evenly moist during foliage sensitive if not acclimated with a pH of 6.2 to 6.6. production. and lower leaves may yellow • Test the medium regularly during • Water thoroughly, leaching regularly to especially when there is prevent salt buildup. excessive moisture at low production as Zonal Geraniums tend to temperatures. Yellowing will acidify the soil in which they are potted, • On cloudy, dark days, reduce watering to also occur when treated with resulting in a lower-than-optimum pH. help control Botrytis and stretch. Florel. Early symptoms include cupping of the Fertilizer Crop Schedule & Uses older leaves and a light brown, circular • Follow initial clear water application with (Crop Schedule in Weeks) leaf spot. Symptoms typically appear 225 ppm N of a balanced liquid feed later 7 to 10 weeks after transplanting. that day or the next morning. Corrective actions begin with stopping 4-in. (10-cm) 6-in. ( 15-cm) • Use a balanced liquid feed at a rate of Pot Pot the acidification of irrigation water and 225 to 300 ppm N on a constant feed switching to a nitrate-based fertilizer. basis. 1 PP* 2 to 3 PP* Flowable limestone or potassium • Maintain a pH range of 6.0 to 6.5. Unrooted 8 to 11 9 to 13 bicarbonate can be applied for a more • Check the soluble salts regularly to cuttings rapid correction. maintain an EC reading between 1.5 and Rooted 6 to 7 6 to 9 2.0 mmhos (SME). cuttings • Be sure to monitor soil salts and flush pots with clear water periodically to *PP: Plants per pot prevent the build-up of excessive salt levels.
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Fantasia Geranium continued • Control Botrytis with good air movement, adequate spacing and late Pinching & Disbudding afternoon venting of the greenhouse to • Pinching is not required for Fantasia reduce humidity. Regular applications geraniums. of a labeled fungicide are highly • For specimen plants in larger pots, a soft recommended. Under very humid/ pinch will encourage branching and more wet conditions, no fungicide alone flowers, but will delay finish at least 4 can prevent the spread of Botrytis. weeks. Air movement and venting of excess • Florel can be used on zonal geraniums moisture, combined with chemical to increase branching and remove flower controls, provide the best prevention. buds. Rates will vary with individual • Avoid geranium rust problems with growing conditions, but a range of 200 preventative applications of labeled to 350 ppm can be used as a guideline. fungicides. Florel should be applied as soon as • Avoid any applications of Medallion to new growth is seen after transplanting, prevent toxicity. but not within the final 8 weeks of shipping. Florel can be applied 1 to 3 Common Problems times, depending on local conditions and Insects: Aphids, thrips, whitefly, leafminers, container size, at 7 to 10-day intervals. fungus gnats, mites Controlling Growth • Under most conditions, plant growth Problems Causes regulators will not be needed for Fantasia Plant Botrytis, Pythium, Rhizoctonia varieties. collapse Saturated soil for extended • Fantasia varieties have medium vigor, periods of time (Pythium) requiring some growth regulators when growing in smaller containers. Excess Excessive ammonia in vegetative fertilizer Fantasia will fill out a 6-in. (15-cm) pot growth, with 1 cutting per pot and minimal PGR Over-fertilization under low few light conditions applications. flowers • If needed, Fantasia varieties can be Low light levels and treated with Cycocel (750 to 1,500 overwatering; wet media ppm) applied 1 to 2 times at 7 to 14-day Foliage Drying out between waterings intervals. A tank mix of B-Nine (2,000 to necrosis Low pH 2,500 ppm) and Cycocel (750 to 1,000 ppm) can also be used. High salts • These recommendations for plant Cupped Low pH growth regulators should be used only foliage as general guidelines. Growers must Poor Low fertilization in early trial all chemicals under their particular branching, stages of crop conditions. thin plants Low light levels Disease Control Crop Schedule & Uses • Geranium production areas should (Crop Schedule in Weeks) always be thoroughly sanitized prior to beginning your growing season and between crops. 4-in. (10-cm) 6-in. ( 15-cm) • Keep benches and floors free of plant Pot Pot debris, and avoid any unnecessary 1 PP* 1 to 2 PP* handling of plants. Unrooted 12 to 13 13 to 14 • Fantasia geraniums should be cuttings grown drier in the first few weeks to encourage root growth and prevent Callused 10 to 11 11 to 12 Pythium problems. After transplanting, cuttings for direct a preventative fungicide drench sticking for Pythium and Rhizoctonia is recommended. If you mix your own Rooted 8 to 9 9 to 10 growing media, pasteurization is required cuttings to eliminate potential soil-borne disease *PP: Plants per pot and pest problems.
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Stage 4 Fertilizer GERBERA (seed) Soil temperature: 68 to 70°F (21 to 21°C) • Gerbera requires relatively high Gerbera jamesonii Light: Up to 5,000 f.c. (53,800 Lux) if fertilization frequencies dependent on optimal temperature can be maintained. light and temperature; less feed for lower Revolution™ Moisture: Same as Stage 3. light/shorter days, more feed for higher Approximate seed count (film coated): 8,550 to Fertilizer: Same as Stage 3. light/longer days. Constant feed with 11,400 S./oz. (300 to 400 S./g) 17-5-17 150 to 200 ppm is a satisfactory Note: During plug production, fine drip general feed. In high light conditions or mist is best, using a water temperature 20-10-20 at 150 to 200 ppm also provides PLUG PRODUCTION similar to or around air temperature. adequate fertility. Irrigation with too cold water will cause • Maintain a 5.5 to 5.8 pH and an adequate Media foliage to cup up hard and brittle. Once this Use a well-drained, disease-free, soilless iron. happens, keep media dry for a few days • Use clear water 1 time each week or medium with a pH of 5.0 to 5.5 and a and water later with warmer water. medium initial nutrient charge (EC 0.4 to when necessary to maintain EC below 1.5 mmhos/cm. 0.8 mmhos/cm with a 1:2 extraction). GROWING ON TO FINISH • Avoid excessive ammonia nitrogen levels. Sowing Media This will cause excessive leaf growth, • Sow 1 seed per plug in a dibble. Use a well-drained, disease-free, soilless lower bud counts, and increase losses. • Plug tray size from 144 to 128. medium with a pH of 5.5 to 6.0 and a Growth Regulators • Make sure seed is lying on its side in a medium initial nutrient charge. dibble at sowing so radicle isn’t upside Generally, growth regulators are not down at emergence. Container size needed. To reduce stretching when • Cover the seeds lightly with vermiculite 4 to 6-in. (10 to 15-cm) pots growing pot tight, B-Nine (daminozide) (course to extra course) to prevent drying can be applied at 1,000 to 1,500ppm 2 to Potting out. 3 times with an interval of 5 to 7 days. Do • Uniformity at all levels in production will • Cover is important at sowing but too not apply when flower buds are the size greatly increase uniformity of overall much isn’t good either. Some of the top of a pea or bigger to prevent decrease of crop. of the plug tray should be visible after flower size. • Uniform soil level in pots; fill pots 100%! covering but the seed should be covered • Dibble in center of pot and set plant in Pinching completely. hole. None. • Use a preventive treatment against • Soil depth of transplanted plug in damping-off diseases after sowing. Spacing comparison to the soil level in the pot Space plants when the leaves of the plants should be slightly above to level. Plug Stage 1 – Germination takes 4 to 7 days. are touching each other, generally 5 to 6 will pull itself down to level but not bring Soil temperature: 64 to 68°F (18 to 20°C weeks after transplanting. Light: Light is optional. itself back up. Do not pot too deeply as Moisture: Keep soil saturated (level 5) this may result in crown rot. Crop Scheduling during Stage 1 for optimal germination. Sow to transplant (144 to 128-cell plug Temperature Humidity: Maintain 95% relative humidity tray): 6 to 7 weeks • Night: 62 to 66°F (17 to 19°C) until radicle emergence. Finishing the crop: 8 to 12 weeks • Day: 66 to 68°F (19 to 20°C) Stage 2 • In darker periods, day and night Note: Crop schedule is dependent on the Soil temperature: 68 to 70°F (20 to 21°C) temperatures can be reversed (negative sowing date, the available light and the Light: Up to 2,500 f.c. (26,900 Lux) DIF) to keep stem length somewhat required pot/plant ratio. Total crop time is Moisture: Start to slightly reduce soil shorter. approx. 14 to 15 weeks from sowing to 50% moisture (level 4) to allow the roots to flowering. 100% color will appear 10 to 14 Light penetrate into the media. days later. Gerbera likes to be grown under high light Fertilizer: Apply fertilizer at rate 1 (less conditions. During the darker periods of than 100 ppm) from nitrate-form fertilizers Common Problems the year, HID lighting can be applied. (17-5-17 , 14-0-14, 15-5-15). Insect: White flies, thrips Disease: Downy mildew, Crown rot, Irrigation Stage 3 Botrytis, Fusarium • Generally Gerbera likes a moderate Soil temperature: 68 to 70°F (20 to 21°C) to drier soil condition. Avoid extreme Light: Up to 2,500 f.c. (26,900 Lux) moisture swings in crop culture. Moisture: It is critical to allow the media Overwatering is a common practice that to dry until the surface become light can decrease end yield. brown (level 2) before watering. Keep the • Overhead watering is possible until the moisture level at wet-dry cycle (moisture flower buds appear, but watering directly level 4 to 2). into pot or growing with ebb/flow floors Fertilizer: Increase fertilizer to rate 2 (100 is preferred. Drip tube culture also works to 175 ppm) from nitrate-form fertilizers well. (17-5-17 , 14-0-14, 15-5-15). Growth Regulators: None
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Watering Common Problems IMPATIENS (vegetative) • Keep growing media moderately moist. Insects: Thrips, aphids, fungus gnats Impatiens walleriana If the media stays too wet, plants will Diseases: Botrytis (gray mold), Pythium, stretch and flowering will be reduced. Rhizoctonia Center Stage • As plants reach the desired size, mild The most important disease and insect A Burpee Home Gardens® Exclusive. water stress will promote flowering and reduce stretch. problem associated with Impatiens is Patchwork Impatiens Necrotic Spot Virus (INSV), Fiesta® (Double Impatiens) Fertilizer which is transmitted by thrips. Control of • Maintain constant fertilization at 175 to thrips is necessary to avoid INSV. PROPAGATION 225 ppm N. • Choose a well-drained medium with an • Excessive phosphorous and ammoniacal Problems Causes EC of 0.75 to 0.80 mmhos and a pH of nitrogen will promote unwanted vegetative growth. Both should be Plant Stem canker (Botrytis) 5.8 to 6.2. collapse • Stick cuttings within 12 to 24 hours of provided in very limited quantities. Plants grown in saturated soil for extended period arrival. Cuttings can be stored overnight, • Leach pots periodically with clear water if necessary, at 45 to 50°F (7 to 10°C). to avoid build-up of salts. of time (Pythium) • Controlled-release fertilizer can be used • Soil temperature should be maintained Excessive Excessive nitrogen in fertilizer to supplement a liquid feed program. at 68 to 73°F (20 to 23°C) until roots are vegetative Excessive phosphorous growth, visible. Pinching • As soon as is practical, mist should be lack of Over-fertilization under low Do not require pinching because they are flowers light conditions reduced. This will help decrease stretch naturally branching. of the rooted cutting. Low light and overwatering; wet media • Begin fertilization with 75 to 100 ppm N Controlling Growth when roots become visible. Increase to • Grow plants with adequate light and Excess or late Florel 150 ppm N as roots develop. space. application • Center Stage, Patchwork and Fiesta • Avoid high ammonium and phosphorus Foliage Drying out between waterings Impatiens will not require pinching during fertilizers and do not overwater. necrosis, Excess minor nutrient levels propagation. • Plant growth regulators are not needed leaf spot in media • As the rooted cuttings develop, high light, for Center Stage due to the naturally appropriate water stress and moderate compact habit. Poor Low fertilization in early branching, stages of crop air temperatures should reduce the need • If necessary, a Bonzi (3 to 10 ppm) thin plants for chemical plant growth regulators spray or a 1 ppm drench is effective (PGRs). for controlling growth of Center Stage • Under low light and warm environmental Impatiens. Center Stage Impatiens Crop Schedule conditions, cuttings will stretch while in • Patchwork and Fiesta may require PGRs. & Uses propagation. Growers may need to apply • Bonzi (3 to 15 ppm) applied as a spray 1 to (Crop Schedule in Weeks) PGRs during propagation to control 2 times can be used to control growth of growth. An application of Bonzi (2 to Patchwork and Fiesta Impatiens. Mature 4-in. (10-cm) 6-in. ( 15-cm) 5 ppm spray) applied at Day 4 to 6 in plants which are approaching saleable Pot Pot propagation will decrease stem stretch. size can be drenched with Bonzi (0.25 to 1 PP* • Rooted cuttings should be ready for 3 ppm) to significantly slow vegetative 1 to 2 PP* transplanting 21 to 28 days after sticking. growth while allowing flowering to Unrooted 10 to 12 12 to 14 continue. cuttings GROWING ON TO FINISH • A Florel (100 to 300) spray can be used to improve branching but is typically not Rooted 7 to 10 9 to 12 Media cuttings needed. Do not use within 8 weeks of • Use a porous, well-drained, soilless sale since Florel stops flowering. medium. *PP: Plants per pot • These recommendations for plant • A pH of 5.8 to 6.2 is optimum. growth regulators should be used only Patchwork and Fiesta Impatiens Crop Temperature – Patchwork, Fiesta as general guidelines. Growers must Schedule & Uses • Night: 56 to 61°F (13 to 16°C) trial all chemicals under their particular (Crop Schedule in Weeks) • Day: 68 to 76°F (20 to 24°C) conditions. Temperature – Center Stage 4-in. (10-cm) 6-in. ( 15-cm) • Night: 66 to 71°F (19 to 22°C) Pot Pot • Day: 71 to 76°F (22 to 24°C) 1 PP* 1 to 2 PP* Light Unrooted 9 to 12 10 to 12 • Impatiens are daylength-neutral and will cuttings flower year-round. Rooted 6 to 9 7 to 9 • Plants grow best under moderate light cuttings intensity; 4,000 to 6,000 f.c. (40,000 to 60,000 Lux) is optimum. *PP: Plants per pot • Plants will stretch at light intensities below 3,000 f.c. (30,000 Lux). • Reduce light intensity when temperatures are high to prevent flower and leaf burning as well as bud drop.
24 800 879-BALL ballseed.com Flower GrowerFacts
• Maintain soil pH 6.0 to 6.2 and EC less IMPATIENS (seed) than 1.0 mmhos/cm. SPREADING Impatiens walleriana • Increase feed to 100 to 150 ppm N from 20-10-20 alternating with 14-0-14 or other IMPATIENS (vegetative) Enlighten calcium/potassium nitrate fertilizer. Impatiens hybrida ® • Fertilize every 2 to 3 irrigations. A Burpee Home Gardens Exclusive. ® • Use DIF (temperature differential) Fanfare Enlighten Flutter whenever possible to control plant A Burpee Home Gardens® Exclusive. height – especially the first 2 hours after PROPAGATION • Choose a well-drained medium with an GERMINATION sunrise. A-Rest, B-Nine, Bonzi or Sumagic can also be used. EC of 0.75 to 0.80 mmhos and a pH of • Time of radicle emergence (3 to 5 days) 5.8 to 6.2. • Keep media very moist and near Stage 4 – Plants ready for transplanting • Stick cuttings within 12 to 24 hours of saturation. or shipping (7 days) arrival. Cuttings can be stored overnight, • Do not cover or bury the seed. • Soil should still be allowed to dry if necessary, at 45 to 50°F (7 to 10°C). • Germination temperature: 72 to 76°F (22 thoroughly. • Soil temperature should be maintained to 24°C). • Temperature should be maintained at 62 at 68 to 73°F (20 to 23°C) until roots are • Light levels at 100 to 400 f.c. (1,000 to to 65°F (17 to 18°C). visible. 4,000 Lux) will enhance germination. • Keep soil pH at 6.0 to 6.2 and an EC less • As soon as is practical, mist should be • Keep soil pH at 6.0 to 6.2 and soluble than 0.75 mmhos/cm. reduced and then removed from Fanfare salts (EC) less than 0.75 mmhos/cm (2:1 • Fertilize with 14-0-14 or calcium/ Spreading Impatiens. This will help extraction). Keep ammonium levels less potassium nitrate feed at 100 to 150 ppm decrease stretch of the rooted cutting. than 10 ppm. N as needed. • Begin fertilization with 75 to 100 ppm N • Impatiens are sensitive to high salts • Note: Impatiens require low to moderate when roots become visible. Increase to during germination. feed levels. Excessive amounts will result 150 ppm N as roots develop. in lush, vegetative stretched plugs. • Fanfare Spreading Impatiens will not PLUG PRODUCTION require pinching during propagation. Stage 1 – Time of radicle emergence (3 to GROWING ON TO FINISH • As the rooted cuttings develop, high light, 5 days) Temperature appropriate water stress and moderate • Keep media very moist and near • Night: 62 to 65°F (17 to 18°C) air temperatures should reduce the need saturation. • Day: 65 to 75°F (18 to 24°C) for chemical plant growth regulators • Do not cover or bury the seed. (PGRs). • Germination temperature: 72 to 76°F (22 Light • Under low light and warm temperature to 24°C). Maintain light levels as high as possible conditions, cuttings of Fanfare • Light levels at 100 to 400 f.c. (1,000 to while maintaining moderate temperatures. Spreading Impatiens will stretch while 4,000 Lux) will enhance germination. in propagation. Growers may need to Media • Keep soil pH at 6.0 to 6.2 and soluble apply PGRs during propagation to further Use a well-drained, disease-free soil less salts (EC) less than 0.75 mmhos/cm (2:1 control growth. Bonzi applied as a 2 to medium with a medium initial nutrient extraction). Keep ammonium levels less 5 ppm heavy spray 4 to 6 days after charge and a pH of 6.2 to 6.8. than 10 ppm. sticking will decrease stem stretch. • Impatiens are sensitive to high salts Fertilization • Fanfare Spreading Impatiens during germination. • Fertilize every other irrigation with rooted cuttings should be ready for 15-0-15, alternating with 20- 10-20 at transplanting 21 to 24 days after sticking. Stage 2 – Stem and cotyledon 150 ppm nitrogen. emergence (10 days) • Maintain medium electrical conductivity GROWING ON TO FINISH • Reduce moisture levels once radicle around 1.0 mmhos/cm (using 1:2 emergence occurs. Allow the soil to dry Media extraction). out slightly before watering for best Use a soilless medium with good aeration, drainage and water-holding capacity, and a germination and rooting. Controlling Height pH of 5.8 to 6.2. • Soil temperature should be 72 to 75°F • Once plants are rooted to the sides of (22 to 24°C). the containers, they can be allowed Temperature • Light at 450 to 700 f.c. (4,500 to 7,000 to wilt prior to irrigation to provide • Night: 59 to 64°F (15 to 18°C) Lux) using supplemental HID lights for some height control. Height can also • Day: 68 to 79°F (20 to 26°C) 2 weeks after cotyledons have expanded be controlled by withholding fertilizer, • Night temperatures above 70°F (21°C) (12 to 18 hours/day) decreases plug crop especially phosphorus and ammonium- will delay flowering dramatically and time. form nitrogen. reduce plant quality. • Maintain ammonium levels at less than 10 • Impatiens are responsive to day/night DIF ppm and soil pH at 6.0 to 6.2 with an EC and shorter with a negative DIF. Light of less than 1.0 mmhos/cm. • B-Nine, Bonzi and Sumagic are effective • Fanfare Spreading Impatiens are • Begin fertilizing with 50 to 75 ppm N for height control. Always follow label daylength-neutral and will flower year- from 14-0-14 or a calcium/potassium instructions. B-Nine and Bonzi can delay round. nitrate feed once cotyledons are fully flowering. • Plants grow best under moderate light expanded. intensity. The ideal range would be 4,000 • Alternate feed with 2 to 3 clear water Common Problems to 9,000 f.c. (40,000 to 90,000 Lux). irrigations. Insects: Aphids, thrips • Plants will stretch at light intensities Diseases: Pythium, Rhizoctonia, Botrytis, below 3,000 f.c. (30,000 Lux). Stage 3 – Growth and development of TSWV/INSV (Impatiens Necrotic Spot Virus) • Reduce light intensity when true leaves (14 to 21 days) Other: Boron deficiency, high media pH temperatures are high to prevent flower • Allow the soil to dry out thoroughly The most important disease and insect and leaf burning. between irrigations, but avoid severe problem associated with impatiens is • HID lighting can be used to reduce crop wilting to promote root growth and Impatiens Necrotic Spot Virus (INSV), time in areas with naturally low light control shoot growth. which is transmitted by thrips. Control of levels. • Soil temperature should be between 68 thrips is necessary to avoid INSV. to 72°F (20 to 22°C).
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Fanfare Spreading Impatiens Common Problems continued Insects: Thrips, spider mites, aphids NEW GUINEA Diseases: Impatiens Necrotic Spot Virus (vegetative) Watering (INSV), Botrytis (gray mold) IMPATIENS • Allow plants to dry slightly between Impatiens hawkerii waterings in the first half of the crop cycle. Do not allow the plants to wilt Problems Causes Celebrette during this period, as finished quality will Plant Stem canker (Botrytis) be reduced. PROPAGATION collapse Plants grown in saturated soil • As the crop matures and begins to bud • Choose a well-drained medium with an for extended period of time EC of 0.75 to 0.80 mmhos and a pH of up and flower, avoid water stress entirely (Pythium) and remember that the crop will need 5.8 to 6.2. more frequent irrigation. Excessive Excessive nitrogen in fertilizer • Stick cuttings within 12 to 24 hours of vegetative • Excessive water stress will cause leaf Excessive phosphorous arrival. Cuttings can be stored overnight, growth, if necessary, at 45 to 50°F (7 to 10°C). edge damage as well as bud and flower lack of Over-fertilization under low drop. flowers light conditions • Soil temperature should be maintained at 68 to 73°F (20 to 23°C) until roots are Low light and overwatering; Fertilizer wet media visible. • Maintain constant fertilization between • As soon as is practical, mist should 175 to 225 ppm N. Excess or late Florel application be reduced and then removed from • Excessive phosphorous and ammoniacal Celebrette New Guinea Impatiens. nitrogen will promote unwanted Foliage Drying out between waterings • As rooted cuttings are removed from vegetative growth. Both should be necrosis, Excess minor nutrient levels mist, a broad spectrum, foliar fungicide provided in very limited quantities. leaf spot in media spray should be applied. • Leach pots periodically with clear water • Begin fertilization with 75 to 100 ppm N Poor Low fertilization in early to avoid build-up of salts. branching, stages of crop when roots become visible. Increase to • Controlled-release fertilizer can be used thin plants 150 ppm N as roots develop. to supplement a liquid feed program. • Celebrette New Guinea Impatiens will not Crop Schedule & Uses require pinching during propagation. Pinching (Crop Schedule in Weeks) • As the rooted cuttings develop, high light, • Fanfare Spreading Impatiens are appropriate water stress and moderate naturally self-branching and do not 4-in. (10-cm) 6-in. ( 15-cm) air temperatures should reduce the need require pinching. Pot Pot for chemical plant growth regulators • Pinching will delay flowering 1 PP* 1 to 2 PP* (PGRs). approximately 10 to 14 days. • Celebrette New Guinea Impatiens Unrooted 9 to 11 11 to 13 rooted cuttings should be ready for Controlling Growth cuttings • Grow plants with adequate light and transplanting 21 to 24 days after sticking. space. Rooted 6 to 8 8 to 10 • Avoid high ammonium and phosphorus cuttings GROWING ON TO FINISH fertilizers, and do not overwater. *PP: Plants per pot Media • Fanfare Spreading Impatiens will • Use media with good aeration and generally flower and be saleable well drainage, balanced against sufficient before any plant growth regulators are water-holding capacity. needed. • Maintain pH of 5.8 to 6.2. • Bonzi (5 to 15 ppm) applied as a spray 1 to 2 times can be used to control growth of Temperature Fanfare Spreading Impatiens. • Night: 59 to 64°F (15 to 18°C) • Mature plants which are approaching • Day: 68 to 76°F (20 to 24°C) shipping can be drenched with Bonzi • Higher average daily temperatures will (0.25 to 0.50 ppm) to significantly result in shorter flowering time. slow vegetative growth while allowing • An average daily temperature of 68ºF flowering to continue. (20ºC) has demonstrated optimal bloom • These recommendations for plant time and bloom size for New Guinea growth regulators should be used only Impatiens. Lower temperatures will as general guidelines. Growers must increase crop time. trial all chemicals under their particular Light conditions. • Plants should be grown with the highest light levels possible, while still maintaining temperatures within the acceptable ranges. Light levels of 4,000 to 7,000 f.c. (40,000 to 70,000 Lux) are appropriate. • Flowering in New Guinea impatiens is daylength neutral.
26 800 879-BALL ballseed.com Flower GrowerFacts
Watering Common Problems • Maintain alkalinity below 140 ppm and EC Insects: Thrips, spider mites, aphids, IPOMOEA (vegetative) between 1.0 to 1.2 mmhos. fungus gnats Ipomoea batatas • Allow the media to dry moderately Diseases: Impatiens Necrotic Spot Virus between watering in the first half of the (INSV), Botrytis (gray mold), stem canker, Blackie crop cycle, but do not allow the plants to Pythium, Rhizoctonia wilt during this period as the quality of Marguerite the final crop will be reduced. PROPAGATION • As the crop matures and begins to bud Problems Causes • Choose a well-drained medium with an and flower, irrigate more frequently and Plant Stem canker (Botrytis) EC of 0.75 to 0.80 mmhos and a pH of avoid water stress entirely. collapse Plants grown in saturated soil 5.8 to 6.2. • Excessive water stress at any stage will for extended period of time • Stick cuttings within 12 to 24 hours of cause leaf edge damage, as well as bud (Pythium) arrival. Cuttings can be stored overnight, and flower drop. Excessive Excessive nitrogen if necessary, at 45 to 50°F (7 to 10°C). • Soil temperature should be maintained Humidity vegetative Over-fertilization under low Maintain 40 to 60% relative humidity with growth, light conditions at 68 to 72°F (20 to 22°C) until roots are good air movement. lack of visible. flowers Excess or late Florel application • Should be propagated under moderately Pinching high light as possible while avoiding Celebrette New Guinea Impatiens are Low light levels and over- watering; wet media unnecessary stress on the cuttings. naturally well-branched and do not require • Begin fertilization with 75 to 100 ppm N pinching. Foliage Drying out between waterings when roots become visible. Increase to necrosis Fertilizer Excess minor nutrient levels in 150 to 200 ppm N as roots develop. Avoid • Celebrette New Guinea Impatiens have a media phosphorous and ammoniacal nitrogen moderate fertilizer requirement. Feeding Botrytis during the rooting process to reduce with 175 to 225 ppm N at every watering, stretch and unwanted vegetative growth. Poor Low fertilization in early • As the rooted cuttings develop, high light, starting 7 to 10 days after transplanting, branching, stages of crop is ideal. Use a balanced fertilizer with no thin plants appropriate water stress and moderate additional micronutrients. air temperatures should eliminate • To encourage early flowering, fertilization Crop Schedule & Uses the need for chemical plant growth should be stopped during the final one- (Crop Schedule in Weeks) regulators (PGRs) If necessary use B-Nine third of the crop. Using fresh water only at 2,500 ppm . will promote early flowering. 4-in. (10-cm) 6-in. ( 15-cm) • Pinching is not required but to improve • New Guinea Impatiens are very sensitive Pot Pot branching and habit, plants can be pinched 5 to 7 days before transplanting. to high salts. Leach with clear water 1 PP* 1 to 2 PP* every third watering. • Ipomoea rooted cuttings should be ready • Excessive ammonia application will cause Unrooted 9 to 11 10 to 12 for transplanting 24 to 28 days after cuttings large leaves and poor flowering. sticking and should be transplanted as Rooted 6 to 8 7 to 9 soon as possible. Controlling Growth cuttings • Celebrette New Guinea impatiens will GROWING ON TO FINISH generally flower and be saleable well *PP: Plants per pot Temperature before any plant growth regulators are • Night: 65 to 68°F (18 to 20°C) needed. • Day: 68 to 75°F (20 to 24°C) • If a plant growth regulator is needed, • Temperatures above 68°F (20°C) apply Bonzi (2 to 10 ppm) as a foliar spray promote the most rapid growth. after the plants have rooted to the side • Avoid temperatures below 50°F (10°C) as of the pot. Generally, 1 to 3 applications plants may show signs of chilling. will be sufficient. • Mature plants which are approaching Light shipping size can be drenched with • Keep light intensities above 3,000 to Bonzi (0.25 to 1.0 ppm) to significantly 5,000 f.c. while maintaining moderate slow vegetative growth while allowing temperatures. flowering to continue. • Ipomoea are grown for their foliage, and • Late sprays of Bonzi may delay flowering. the flowers are small and inconspicuous. • These recommendations for plant Therefore photoperiod is irrelevant, but growth regulators should be used only flowering occurs earlier under short day as general guidelines. Growers must conditions. trial all chemicals under their particular • Low light levels promote stem stretch at conditions. intensities below 1,500 f.c. • Foliage color is reduced as intensity decreases. Media • Use a well-drained, disease-free soil- less medium with a high initial nutrient charge and a pH 5.8 to 6.4 Water • Keep soil moist, but avoid wet foliage to prevent Botrytis problems. • High relative humidity will promote leaf expansion.
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Blackie & Marguerite Ipomoea GROWING ON TO FINISH continued JUNCUS (seed) Media Use a well-drained, disease-free soiless Fertilization Blue Dart Juncus tenuis media with a pH of 5.5 to 6.2 and an EC of • Ipomoea has a moderate fertilizer 0.75 mmhos/cm requirement. Approximate seed count (multi-seed pellet): 19,901 • Apply 15-0-15 alternating with 20-10-20 S./oz. (702 S./g) Temperature 2 times per week. • Night: 59 to 64°F (15 to 18°C) • As the plants mature the rate can be Twisted Dart • Day: 62 to 73°F (17 to 23°C) increased to 200 to 300 ppm. Juncus tenuis – Juncus effusus spiralis • Plants can be grown under temperatures • Excessive application of ammonia will Approximate seed count (multi-pelleted): 11,300 to as low as 50°F (10°C) but the crop time promote large leaves. 14,000 S./oz. (400 to 500 S./g) will increase significantly. • Water with clear water every third watering if high soluble salts problems Light occur. PLUG PRODUCTION As high as possible while maintaining moderate temperature. • Maintain medium electrical conductivity Media around 1.0 mmhos/cm (using 1:2 Use a well-drained, disease-free soiless Irrigation extraction). media with a pH of 5.8-6.2 and an EC of Keep media moisture. Avoid growing dry as Pinching 0.75 mmhos/cm (2:1 extraction). this will cause yellowing on the tip of shoot. Can be grown under saturated conditions. • Once liners are established, pinch plants. Plug Tray Size • Pinch plants above the fifth to sixth leaves, Can be produced in a 288, 128, 72 liner or a Fertilizer about 1 to 1.5 inches above the soil. similar size plug tray. Do not cover pellets. Starting a week after transplant, apply Controlling Height fertilizer at rate 3 (175 to 225ppm N/1.2 Stage 1 – Germination takes to 1.5 mS/cm) once a week from nitrate- • Height can be controlled by withholding approximately 7 to 8 days fertilizer, especially phosphorous and form fertilizer with low phosphorus. Avoid Germination temperature: 71 to 76°F using excessive ammonia nitrogen-form ammonium-form nitrogen. (21 to 24°C) • Ipomoea also responds well to the use of fertilizers and overfeeding, as these will Light: Light is optional. result in les upright plants. Maintain the B-Nine (2,500 ppm). Media Moisture: Keep the media medium • Apply growth regulators once plants media EC at 1.50 to 2.00 mS/cm and pH at wet (level 4) during germination. 5.5 to 6.2. reach side of container. Relative Humidity: Maintain 95 to 97% Common Problems relative humidity until cotyledons emerge. Growth Regulators Not needed. Diseases: Botrytis, Rhizoctonia, Pythium Stage 2 Insects: Aphids, Mealy bugs, Whitefly Temperature: 68 to 70°F (20 to 21°C). Pinching Light: Can be up to 2,500 f.c. (26,900 Lux) Pinching is not needed. during Stages. Problems Causes Container Size Media Moisture: Reduce soil moisture 4-in. (10-cm) pot: 1 plug per pot Plant Stem canker (Botrytis) slightly (level 3) to allow the roots to 6-in. (15-cm) pot: 1 to 3 plugs per pot collapse Plants grown in saturated soil penetrate into the media. for extended period of time Fertilizer: Apply fertilizer at rate 1 (less Crop Scheduling (Pythium) than 100 ppm) with a nitrate-form fertilizer Sow to transplant (288/264-cell plug Excessive Excessive nitrogen with low phosphorous. Maintain a media tray): pH of 5.8 to 6.2 and EC at 0.5 to 0.7 mS/cm vegetative Over-fertilization under low Blue Dart: 6 to 7 weeks growth, light conditions (1:2 extraction). Twisted Dart: 7 to 8 weeks lack of Add one more week when using 128 or flowers Excess or late Florel Stage 3 72-cell plug tray, but reduce post-transplant application Temperature: 68 to 70°F (20 to 21°C). crop times by 1 week for Blue Dart. Low light levels and over- Light: Can be up to 2,500 f.c. (26,900 Lux) watering; wet media Media Moisture: Moisture level can be Foliage Drying out between waterings reduced to medium to medium dry (level 3 necrosis to 2). Do not allow the seedlings to wilt. Excess minor nutrient levels in Fertilizer: Increase the fertilizer rate to 2 media (100 to 175 ppm). Maintain a media pH of Botrytis 5.8 to 6.2 and EC at 0.7 to 1.0 mS/cm (1:2 Poor Low fertilization in early extraction). branching, stages of crop thin plants Stage 4 Temperature: 65 to 67°F (18 to 19°C). Poor Low fertilization in early Light: Can be up to 5,000 f.c. (54,000 Lux) branching, stages of crop thin plants Media Moisture: Maintain wet/dry cycle. Do not allow the seedlings to wilt. Crop Schedule & Uses Fertilizer: Keep the fertilizer rate to 2 (Crop Schedule in Weeks) (100 to 175 ppm). Maintain a media pH of 5.8 to 6.2 and EC at 0.7 to 1.0 mS/cm (1:2 4-in. (10-cm) 6-in. ( 15-cm) extraction). Pot Pot Growth Regulators 1 PP* 1 to 2 PP* Not needed. Unrooted 10 to 12 11 to 13 cuttings Rooted 7 to 9 8 to 10 cuttings *PP: Plants per pot
28 800 879-BALL ballseed.com Flower GrowerFacts
Transplant to saleable size (from 288 cell): GROWING ON TO FINISH Controlling Growth • Lucky Lantana is generally more Media Container Plants Weeks Total compact and will require less PGRs than Size Per From Weeks Use a well-drained, disease-free, soilless other lantanas. Pot/ Transplant medium with a pH of 5.8 to 6.2. • Appropriate pinching, depending on pot Basket Temperature size, combined with good crop culture • Night: 62 to 67°F (17 to 19°C) and environment should minimize PGR 4-in. 1 7 to 8 13 to 15 applications. If needed, a tank mix of (10-cm) • Day: 74 to 85°F (23 to 29°C) Pot, Blue Cycocel (750 to 1,000 ppm) and B-Nine Dart Light (2,000 to 3,000 ppm) applied 7 to 10 • Keep light intensities above 5,000 f.c. days after pinching will encourage 4-in. 1 7 to 8 14 to (50,000 Lux). the naturally mounded habit of Lucky (10-cm) 16 • Low light levels promote stem stretch Pot, Lantana. Twisted and poor flowering. • Lucky Lantana is also very responsive to Bonzi (10 to 40 ppm) or Sumagic (5 to 20 Dart Water ppm) applied as a spray. • During the first 10 to 14 days, water 6-in. 3 7 to 8 13 to 15 • These recommendations for plant (15-cm) media sparingly and never saturate. growth regulators should be used only Pot, Blue Allow media to dry somewhat between as general guidelines. Growers must Dart waterings. trial all chemicals under their particular • Avoid extended periods where the media 6-in. 3 7 to 8 14 to conditions. (15-cm) 16 is saturated, as this will cause root Pot, system problems. Common Problems Twisted Insects: Aphids, thrips, whitefly, spider Dart Fertilizer mites, leafminer • Lucky Lantana has moderate to heavy NOTE: Add 2 more weeks to the crop time Diseases: Botrytis, Rhizoctonia, Pythium, fertilizer requirements to keep the plants when planting 1 plug per 6-in. (15-cm) powdery mildew growing vigorously. Reducing the feed Common Problems causes the plant to become woody with Insects: No serious problems. reduced flowering. Problems Causes Diseases: No serious problems. • Use a balanced fertilizer at 225 to 300 ppm every watering to ensure maximum Plant Wet media for an extended growth and flowering. collapse period (Pythium, Botrytis) • Excessive phosphorous and ammoniacal Excess High ammonia concentration nitrogen will promote unwanted vegetative in the soil (vegetative) LANTANA vegetative growth. Both should be growth Over-fertilization under low Lantana camara provided in very limited quantities. light conditions • Controlled-release fertilizer can be used Low light and overwatering; Lucky™ to supplement a liquid feed program. wet media • Flush pots periodically with clear water PROPAGATION to avoid build-up of salts. Poor Low fertilization during early • Choose a well-drained medium with an branching stages EC of 0.75 to 0.80 mmhos and a pH of Pinching Foliage Drying out the plant between 5.8 to 6.2. • Lucky Lantana should be pinched 7 to 10 necrosis irrigations • Stick cuttings immediately upon arrival. days after transplanting. When pinched, High soluble salts in the soil Lantana cuttings are prone to breakdown plants should be actively growing if stored even an additional 12 hours. with roots at or near the edge of the Powdery mildew • Soil temperature should be maintained pot. Depending on pot size and local Foliage Low temperatures at 68 to 73°F (20 to 23°C) until roots are conditions, Lucky Lantana should be chlorosis visible. pinched 1 to 3 times. • A protective fungicide application should • Florel promotes branching and improves Crop Schedule & Uses be made immediately after sticking. the habit of Lantana. No Florel should be (Crop Schedule in Weeks) • Once roots are visible, the media applied within 8 weeks of sale. A range should be kept moderately wet and of 300 to 400 ppm, applied 1 to 3 times 4-in. (10-cm) Pot never saturated. This will prevent iron should be used as a guideline. Florel must 1 to 2 PP* deficiency and the associated chlorotic be applied to plants that are under no Unrooted cuttings 9 to 10 foliage which can develop. stress (water, temperature, etc.). • Begin fertilization with 75 to 100 ppm N Rooted cuttings 6 to 7 when roots become visible. Increase to 150 to 200 ppm N as roots develop. *PP: Plants per pot • As rooted cuttings develop, high light and moderate air temperatures should eliminate the need for chemical plant growth regulators (PGRs). • Lucky Lantana does not require pinching during propagation. However, to improve branching and habit, plants can be pinched 7 to 10 days before transplanting. • Lucky Lantana rooted cuttings should be ready for transplanting 24 to 28 days after sticking.
800 879-BALL ballseed.com 29 Flower GrowerFacts
Fertilizer LOBELIA (vegetative) • Hot Springs Lobelia has a moderate AFRICAN Lobelia hybrida fertilizer requirement. • Maintain constant fertilization at 175 to MARIGOLD (seed) Hot Springs™ 250 ppm N. Tagetes erecta • Excessive phosphorous and ammoniacal ® PROPAGATION nitrogen will promote unwanted Taishan • Choose a well-drained medium with an vegetative growth. Both should be Vanilla EC of 0.75 to 0.80 mmhos and a pH of provided in very limited quantities. Approximate seed count: 9,200 to 10,600 S./oz. 5.8 to 6.2. • If new growth is chlorotic, add chelated (325 to 375 S./g) • Stick cuttings within 12 to 24 hours of iron to the feed. arrival. Cuttings can be stored overnight, • Slow-release fertilizer can be if necessary, at 45 to 50°F (7 to 10°C). incorporated at a moderate rate to PLUG PRODUCTION • A rooting hormone can be applied to supplement a liquid program. Media promote early, uniform rooting. Pinching Use a well-drained, disease-free soilless • Soil temperature should be maintained medium with a pH of 5.5 to 6.2, and a at 68 to 73°F (20 to 23°C) until roots are Pinch plants 10 to 14 days after transplanting, as needed, to improve basal medium initial nutrient charge (EC less visible. than 0.75 mmhos/cm with a 2:1 extraction). • To encourage branching and reduce branching. A 4-in. (10-cm) crop can be stem stretch, Hot Springs Lobelia should produced with no pinch if necessary. Plug Tray Size be propagated under as high a light as Controlling Growth Can be produced in 200, 288 or similar possible while avoiding unnecessary Hot Springs Lobelia does not require cell-size plug trays. stress on the cuttings. growth regulators. • Begin fertilization with 75 to 100 ppm N Sowing when roots become visible. Increase to Common Problems Cover the seed with a medium layer of 150 to 200 ppm N as roots develop. Avoid Insects: Spider mites, thrips. vermiculite at sowing. phosphorous and ammoniacal nitrogen Diseases: Botrytis, Pythium Stage 1 – Germination takes during the rooting process to reduce approximately 2 to 3 days. stretch and unwanted vegetative growth. Problems Causes Germination temperature: 68 to 72°F (20 • As the rooted cuttings develop, high light, Plant Stem canker (Botrytis) to 22°C) appropriate water stress and moderate Light: Light is not required for germination. collapse Plants grown in saturated soil air temperatures should eliminate Moisture: Keep soil wet (level 4) during the need for chemical plant growth for extended period of time (Pythium) Stage 1. regulators (PGRs). Humidity: Maintain 95 to 97% relative • Hot Springs Lobelia can be pinched 18 Excess Excessive nitrogen balance in humidity (RH) until radicle emergence. to 24 days after sticking, when roots vegetative fertilizer are well developed, to promote early growth, Over-fertilization under low Stage 2 lack of light conditions branching and improve habit. flowers Temperature: 70 to 75°F (21 to 24°C) days; • Hot Springs Lobelia rooted cuttings 60 to 65°F (15 to 18°C) nights should be ready for transplanting 24 Foliage Low light and overwatering; Light: Can be up to 2,500 f.c. (26,900 Lux) to 28 days after sticking and should be necrosis, wet media during Stage 2. leaf spot transplanted as soon as possible. Rooted Drying out between waterings Moisture: Keep the media medium (level 3) cuttings should not be held, as Hot High soluble salts level to medium wet (level 4). Springs Lobelia will be actively growing Fertilizer: Apply fertilizer at rate 1 (less and plants will begin to stretch very Poor Low fertilization in early than 100 ppm) with a nitrate-form fertilizer branching, stages of crop quickly. with low phosphorous. thin plants Inadequate pinching or GROWING ON TO FINISH shearing Stage 3 Temperature: 70 to 75°F (21 to 24°C) days; Media Crop Schedule & Uses 60 to 65°F (15 to 18°C) nights • Use a media with good aeration, drainage (Crop Schedule in Weeks) Light: Up to 2,500 f.c. (26,900 Lux) and water-holding capacity. Moisture: Keep the media medium wet • A pH of 5.6 to 6.2 with a moderate Unrooted Rooted (level 3) during Stage 3. starter charge is optimal. cuttings cuttings Fertilizer: Increase the fertilizer rate to level 2 (100 to 175 ppm). Maintain a media Temperature 4-in. (10-cm) Pot 10 to 13 7 to 9 1 PP* pH of 5.8 to 6.2 and EC at 0.7 to 1.0 mS/cm • Nights: 56 to 64°F (13 to 18°C) (1:2 extraction). • Days: 71 to 79°F (21 to 26°C) 6-in. (15-cm) Pot 12 to 14 9 to 11 Stage 4 2 PP* Light Temperature: 65 to 70°F (18 to 21°C) days; • Plants grow best at 5,000 to 8,000 f.c. 10 to 12-in. (25 13 to 15 10 to 12 60 to 65°F (15 to 18°C) nights (50,000 to 80,000 Lux). to 30-cm) Pot Light: Light levels can be up to 5,000 • Flowering of Hot Springs Lobelia is 4 to 5 PP* f.c. (53,800 Lux) if temperatures can be almost independent of daylength. This maintained. variety will flower well early Spring *PP: Plants per pot or basket Moisture: Same as Stage 3. through Fall. Fertilizer: Same as Stage 3. Water Growth Regulators: Generally not required • Keep media moderately moist. during plug production. Do not hold the • Avoid water stress, as it will cause leaf plugs too long – transplant them on time. edge burn.
30 800 879-BALL ballseed.com Flower GrowerFacts GROWING ON TO FINISH FRENCH MARIGOLD GROWING ON TO FINISH Container Size Container Size 306 packs: 1 plant per cell (seed) Durango Marigolds are well-suited to 306 4-in. (10-cm) pots: 1 plant per pot Tagetes patula packs and 4-in. (10-cm) pots. Media ® Media Use a well-drained, disease-free media Durango Use a well-drained, disease-free, soilless Approximate de-tailed seed count: 9,500 to 10,500 with a pH of 5.8 to 6.5 and a medium initial medium with a pH of 6.2 to 6.5 and a S./oz. (335 to 370 S./g) nutrient charge. medium initial nutrient charge.
Temperature PLUG PRODUCTION Temperature • Night: 59 to 65°F (15 to 18°C) • Night: 60 to 62°F (15 to 17°C) • Day: 63 to 70°F (17 to 21°C) Plug Tray Size • Day: 65 to 68°F (18 to 20°C) • Can be grown at moderate temperatures, Durango marigold plugs can be produced minimum temperature 54°F (12°C). in 200 to 288-cell plug trays. Light Keep light levels from moderate to high. Light Media Keep light levels as high as possible while Use a well-drained, disease-free, soilless Irrigation maintaining appropriate temperatures. medium with a pH of 6.2 to 6.5 and a Maintain even moisture. Do not allow medium initial nutrient charge (EC) of 0.75 plants to wilt. Irrigation mmhos/cm (1:2 extraction). Maintain optimal media moisture (not too Fertilizer wet or not too dry). Sowing Feed plants weekly with 150 to 200 ppm N Cover the seed with coarse vermiculite. in a complete fertilizer. Maintain the media Fertilizer Allow 3 to 4 days for germination. EC at 1.5 to 2.0 mmhos/cm and pH at 6.2 • Starting 1 week after transplant, apply to 6.8. fertilizer at rate 3 (175 to 225 ppm mS/ Temperature cm) using predominantly nitrate-form Germination: 70 to 72°F (21 to 22°C) Growth Regulators fertilizer with low phosphorus. Cotyledon stage: 65 to 72°F (18 to 22°C) To tone the plants for best appearance, we • Maintain the media EC at 1.50 to 2.00 True leaves: 65 to 70°F (18 to 21°C) recommend applying B-Nine at 2,500 ppm, mS/cm and pH at 6.2 to 6.5. Hold plugs: 65 to 68°F (18 to 20°C) 1 week after transplant for cell packs or • For constant fertilizer program, can apply 2 weeks after transplant for 6-in. (15-cm) fertilizer at rate 2 (100 to 175 ppm) while Light pots. Stage 1: Light is not required for maintaining the above recommended EC Crop Scheduling and pH ranges. germination After germination: 1,000 to 2,500 f.c. Sow to transplant: 3 weeks Plant Growth Regulators (10,000 to 25,000 Lux) Transplant to finished 306 pack: 3 to • PGRs are not required when grown Seedling maturity: Up to 3,000 f.c. 4 weeks under short days, since plants will finish (30,000 Lux) Transplant to saleable 4-in. ( 10-cm) pot: naturally shorter. Taishan can be treated 5 to 6 weeks with 3 plants per pot Humidity with PGRs when grown under long days. Common Problems • B-Nine (daminozide) at 5,000 ppm Maintain 95% relative humidity (RH) until cotyledons emerge. Diseases: Damping off in the seedling applied twice as a foliar spray can control stage the plant growth. Soil Moisture Insects: Aphids, mites, whitefly Photoperiod Keep soil moisture high until radicle African Marigolds are facultative short-day emergence, then reduce moisture levels plants and the critical daylength is about after the radicle penetrates the medium. 12 hours, i.e. they will flower quicker when Do not allow seedlings to wilt. the daylength is 12 hours or shorter. When Fertilizer grown at daylength longer than 12 hours, Stage 2 and 3: Apply 50 to 75 ppm N, they will take an additional 10 to 14 days to maintaining an EC of 1.0. flower. Stage 4: Apply 100 to 150 ppm N, Crop Scheduling maintaining an EC of 1.0 to 1.5. Sow to transplant: Approximately Growth Regulators 3 weeks Not required. Transplant to flower: 4 to 6 weeks in Spring, 6 to 7 weeks in Summer Total crop time (sow to flower): 7 to 9 weeks in Spring, 9 to 10 weeks in Summer Common Problems Insects: Monitor for Aphids early in production, and for Thrips and Mites during flowering.
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Transplanting Common Problems OSTEOSPERMUM Rooted cuttings should be transplanted at Insects: Thrips, whitefly, aphids, fungus (vegetative) or slightly above the soil line of the final gnats container. This will greatly reduce problems Diseases: Botrytis (gray mold), Osteospermum hybrid with various root and stem rots. In some Thielaviopsis, Pythium, Rhizoctonia, situations a preventative fungicidal soil powdery mildew ™ Voltage Yellow drench may be appropriate. Problems Causes PROPAGATION Light • Choose a well-drained medium with an Voltage Yellow Osteospermum will perform Plant Plants grown in saturated EC of 0.75 to 0.80 mmhos and a pH of best under moderate to high light levels collapse media for extended periods of 5.8 to 6.2. of 5,000 to 9,000 f.c. (50,000 to 90,000 time (Pythium, Thielaviopsis) • Stick cuttings within 12 to 24 hours of Lux). Stem canker (Botrytis) arrival. Cuttings can be stored overnight, Rooted cuttings transplanted if necessary, at 45 to 50°F (7 to 10°C). Watering too deeply • Soil temperature should be maintained at • The media should be allowed to dry regularly between waterings and never Excessive Excessive ammonium-based 68 to 73°F (20 to 23°C) for up to 14 days. vegetative fertilizer • Once roots begin to form, reduce saturated. However, plants should not be allowed to wilt at anytime. growth Over-fertilization under low temperature to 64 to 68°F (18 to 20°C) and lack light conditions to avoid unnecessary stretch. • Leach regularly to avoid the buildup of of flowers high soluble salt levels. Low light and overwatering, • A rooting hormone can be applied to saturated media promote early, uniform rooting. Fertilizer • Mist may need to be applied for up to 24 Use a balanced fertilizer at a rate of 225 Yellowing Saturated media hours per day for 3 to 5 days, depending of young to 300 ppm N. When grown excessively foliage on local conditions. Frequency and run hungry, plants will become woody and will time should be reduced during the dark not branch properly. Foliage High soluble salts in media period, but unrooted cuttings must not necrosis Excessive water stress be allowed to wilt. Pinching • Begin fertilization with 75 to 100 ppm N A pinch is optional; however, disbudding Poor Low fertilization during early when roots become visible. Increase to may be necessary for better branching. branching stages of growth 150 ppm N as roots develop. and thin Low light conditions Controlling Growth plants • Once roots are visible, the media should • High light intensity and cool be kept moderately wet but never temperatures are needed for optimal Crop Schedule & Uses saturated. This will help prevent iron habit. (Crop Schedule in Weeks) deficiency and the associated chlorotic • Voltage Yellow Osteospermum are foliage which can develop. responsive to Cycocel and Bonzi. Apply 4-in. (10-cm) 6-in. ( 15-cm) • Voltage Yellow Osteospermum should Cycocel as a spray (750 to 1,000 ppm). Pot Pot not be pinched but flower buds can be Drench applications of Cycocel (1,000 1 PP* 1 to 2 PP* removed if needed. to 1,500 ppm) have also demonstrated • Voltage Yellow Osteospermum control. Bonzi (15 to 30 ppm) applied Unrooted 11 to 15 11 to 15 rooted cuttings should be ready for cuttings as a spray is also effective in reducing transplanting 28 to 32 days after sticking. elongation. Begin PGR applications as Rooted 8 to 11 8 to 11 cuttings GROWING ON TO FINISH new growth develops after pinching. More frequent applications will be *PP: Plants per pot Media required for smaller container sizes or if • Use media with good aeration, drainage grown under warm conditions. Voltage and water-holding capacity. Yellow is also responsive to B-Nine • Like most Osteospermum, Voltage Yellow (2,500 to 4,000 ppm) alone as a spray or prefers a medium that will dry regularly tank mix with Cycocel. Apply B-Nine early between waterings. in the crop cycle before buds are visible • A pH of 5.8 to 6.2 is optimum. to avoid bloom delay or a reduction in bloom size. Temperature • These recommendations for plant • After transplanting, allow plants to growth regulators should be used only become established for 7 to 14 days, as general guidelines. Growers must depending on pot size, at a night trial all chemicals under their particular temperature of 59 to 64°F (15 to conditions. 18°C). Once plants are well-established and rooted in, begin growing at recommended cool temperature. • Night: 44 to 55°F (7 to 13°C). • Day: 59 to 75°F (15 to 24°C); avoid temperatures above 80°F (26°C).
32 800 879-BALL ballseed.com Flower GrowerFacts ORNAMENTAL GROWING ON TO FINISH Media PEPPER (seed) Use a well-drained, disease-free, soilless Capsicum annuum medium with a medium initial nutrient charge and a pH of 5.5 to 6.3. Black Pearl Temperature Purple Flash • Night: 65 to 70°F (18 to 21°C) Approximate seed count: 6,850 S./oz. (240 S./g) • Day: 68 to 80°F (20 to 26°C) • Peppers will be damaged by temperatures below 45°F (7°C). Prefer PLUG PRODUCTION temperatures as warm as possible. Plug Tray Size Light Ornamental peppers are well-suited to Provide light levels as high as possible. 288-cell or larger plugs. Peppers prefer high light with warm temperatures. Foliage colors will be more Stage 1 - Radicle emergence/5 to 7 days intense under higher light levels and high • Maintain soil temperature at 72 to 76°F temperatures. (22 to 24°C). • Keep medium evenly moist but not Fertilization saturated (level 4). • Fertilize at every other irrigation with • Cover the seed lightly with coarse 20-10-20 at rate 3 (175 to 225 ppm). vermiculite. • Maintain medium electrical conductivity • Light is not necessary for germination around 1.0 mmhos/cm (using 1:2 until radicle emergence. extraction). • Maintain soil pH at 5.5 to 5.8 and soluble salts (EC) at less than 0.5 mmhos/cm Controlling Height (using 2:1 extraction). • High light levels and spacing will keep • Keep ammonium levels less than 10 ppm. plants from stretching. • Sumagic can be used on peppers. Stage 2 - Stem and cotyledon emergence/7 to 10 days Container Size • Maintain soil temperature at 70 to 75°F 4-in. (10-cm) pot: 1 plug per pot (21 to 24°C). 6-in (15-cm) pot: 1 to 3 plugs per pot • Allow the medium to dry out slightly (level 3) before watering for best Crop Schedule (Spring Production) germination and rooting. Plug stage: 4 to 5 weeks • Provide light levels of up to 2,500 f.c. Transplant to foliage only, no fruit: (26,900 Lux) for the remainder of plug 9 to 10 weeks production. Transplant to mature fruit: 16 to 20 weeks • Begin fertilizing at rate 1 (less than Note: Crop time for mature fruit will be 100 ppm) from 14-0-14 or a calcium/ 4 to 5 weeks shorter during Summer potassium nitrate feed once cotyledons production. are fully expanded. • Alternate feed with clear water. Stage 3 - Growth and development of true leaves/10 to 14 days • Maintain soil temperature at 70 to 75°F (21 to 24°C). • Avoid wilt. • Increase feed to rate 2 (100 to 175 ppm) from 14-0-14 or other calcium /potassium nitrate fertilizer. Fertilize every 2 to 3 irrigations. Stage 4 - Plants ready for transplanting or shipping/7 days • Maintain soil temperature at 68 to 70°F (20 to 21°C). • Provide medium soil moisture and avoid wilt. • Maintain soil pH at 5.5 to 5.8 and soluble salts (EC) at less than 0.75 mmhos/cm. • Continue to fertilize with 100 to 175 ppm N from 14-0-14 or calcium/potassium nitrate feed as needed.
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Stage 4 Crop Scheduling PETUNIA (seed) Soil temperature: 60 to 65°F (16 to 18°C) Sow to transplant (400 to 288-cell plug): Petunia x hybrida Light: Up to 5,000 f.c. (53,800 Lux) if 4 to 6 weeks temperature can be controlled. Transplant to flower: 5 to 7 weeks Paparazzi™ (grandiflora) Moisture: Same as Stage 3. Total Crop Time: A Burpee Home Gardens® Exclusive. Fertilizer: Same as Stage 3. ™ Paparazzi Flash (multiflora) GROWING ON TO FINISH Container Number Spring Summer A Burpee Home Gardens® Exclusive. Size of Pop Rocks (spreading) Container Size Plants A Burpee Home Gardens® Exclusive. 306 packs: 1 plant per pot Paparazzi Flash 4 & 6-in. 1 7 to 8 13 to 15 Approximate seed count (pelleted): 33,000 S./oz. 4-in. (10-cm) pots: 1 plant per pot Paparazzi Flash, Paparazzi and Pop Rocks (10 & (1,200 S./g) 15-cm) 6-in. (15-cm) pots: 1 to 3 plants per pot Pot Paparazzi and Pop Rocks PLUG PRODUCTION Common Problems Media No major problems will occur if good Media Use a well-drained, disease-free, soilless cultural and IPM practices are used. Use a well-drained, disease-free seedling medium with a pH of 5.5 to 6.2 and a medium with a pH of 5.5 to 6.0 and EC medium initial nutrient charge. about 0.75 mS/cm (1:2 extraction). Temperature Sowing • Night: 57 to 65°F (14 to 18°C) Covering seed is not recommended. Water • Day: 61 to 75°F (16 to 24°C) adequately after sowing to completely • Petunias can tolerate temperatures dissolve the pellet. as low as 35°F (2°C); however, keep in Stage 1 – Germination takes mind that crop timing (time to flower) approximately 4 days. is related to daily average temperature Soil temperature: 72 to 76°F (22 to 24°C) when grown under proper daylength. Light: Lighting is optional for all varieties. Plants will take longer to flower when Moisture: Keep soil very wet (level 5) grown in cooler conditions. during Stage 1 for optimal germination. Light Humidity: Maintain 100% relative humidity Keep light levels as high as possible while (RH) until radicles emerge. maintaining moderate temperatures. Stage 2 Fertilizer Soil temperature: 68 to 75°F (20 to 24°C) • Apply nitrate-form with low phosphorus Light: Up to 2,500 f.c. (26,900 Lux) fertilizer at rate 3 (175 to 225 ppm) Moisture: Start to slightly reduce soil every other irrigation. Apply a balanced moisture (level 4) to allow roots to ammonium and nitrate-form fertilizer penetrate into the media. with low phosphorus as needed to Fertilizer: Apply fertilizer at rate 1 (less encourage growth and balance medium than 100 ppm N/less than 0.7 mS/cm pH. Maintain medium pH 5.8 to 6.2. EC) from nitrate-form fertilizers with low • For a constant fertilizer program, apply phosphorous. fertilizer at rate 3 (175 to 225 ppm) while Stage 3 maintaining the above recommended EC Soil temperature: 65 to 70°F (18 to 21°C) and pH ranges. Light: Up to 2,500 f.c. (26,900 Lux) Moisture: Allow media to further dry until Growth Regulators the surface becomes light brown (level 2) • Use B-Nine (daminozide) at 5,000 ppm before watering. Keep the moisture to wet- for weekly application starting at 7 days dry cycle (moisture level 4 to 2). after transplant, or just use the same Fertilizer: Increase fertilizer to rate 2 PGR as that for other petunias. (100 to 175 ppm). If growth is slow, apply • To determine the best rate for your a balanced ammonium and nitrate-form conditions, we recommend that you run fertilizer with every other fertilization. an in-house trial. Maintain medium pH 5.8 to 6.2 and EC Photoperiod between 1.0 and 1.5 mS/cm (1:2 extraction). Petunias can flower successfully at 10-hour Growth Regulators: Control plug growth daylengths. Crop time is 3 to 6 days faster first by environment, nutrition and under longer day conditions. irrigation management, then with chemical plant growth regulators if needed. Minimize ammonium-form nitrogen fertilizer to avoid seedling elongation. Temperature differential (DIF) can also be used to minimize height. Test all chemical plant regulators first. Apply B-Nine (daminozide) 1 to 2 applications at 5,000 ppm as a spray. The first application should be made when plugs have 2 to 3 true leaves. A second application can be made 7 days later. This treatment can improve basal branching of mature plants.
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Fertilizer Common Problems PETUNIA (vegetative) • Black Velvet, Blue A Fuse, Phantom and Black Velvet will develop a few flowers with Petunia x hybrida Pinstripe Petunias have a high feed coloring similar to Phantom. This generally requirement. occurs in low light, low fertility situtations. Black Velvet • Use constant feed with a balanced As growing conditions improve, this is Blue A Fuse fertilizer at 225 to 300 ppm N with a minimized. ® full complement of minor elements. Insects: Aphids, thrips, whitefly, leafminers, A Burpee Home Gardens Exclusive. Additional iron as needed. fungus gnats. Phantom • Regular leaching with clear water will Diseases: Botrytis, Rhizoctonia, Pythium. Pinstripe help to reduce buildup of excess salts in media. Because Petunias are susceptible to several viruses, it is vital to begin with PROPAGATION Media pH Management cuttings supplied from clean stock. • Choose a well-drained medium with an • Plants must be monitored regularly for EC of 0.75 to 0.80 mmhos and a pH of early, visual signs of upward pH drift 5.4 to 5.8. (interveinal yellowing on youngest Problems Causes • Stick cuttings within 12 to 24 hours of leaves). Regular soil pH tests are an arrival. Cuttings can be stored overnight, Plant Wet media for an extended excellent way to identify movements in if necessary, at 45 to 50ºF (7 to 10ºC). collapse period (Pythium) pH before they create visual symptoms, • Soil temperature should be maintained Rhizoctonia due to planting which can be difficult to correct. at 68 to 73ºF (20 to 23ºC) until roots are too deep • Periodic application of acidic feed visible. or drench applications of a chelated Delayed Daylength too short • Begin fertilization with 75 to 100 ppm N iron product can be used to maintain flowering Late application of growth when roots become visible. Increase to appropriate pH levels. regulators 150 to 200 ppm N as roots develop. • An effective method of lowering pH is • Once roots are visible, the media should Excessive High ammonia concentration a soil drench of iron sulfate. The foliage be kept moderately wet and never vegetative in the soil must be rinsed immediately after growth saturated. This is critical to prevent iron Over-fertilization under low treatment since the iron sulfate solution deficiency and the associated chlorotic light conditions which can result in phytotoxicity to foliage which can develop. Low light levels and over- flowers and foliage. • Appropriate water management, air and watering; wet media light levels should eliminate the need for Pinching Poor Low fertilization; lack of chemical plant growth regulators (PGRs). Black Velvet, Blue A Fuse, Phantom and branching nitrogen • Avoid stretch by moving crop to cooler Pinstripe Petunias are free-branching and air temperature during the last weeks of Stretched Low light levels do not require pinching. Pinching will delay plants propagation. flowering approximately 2 weeks. • A pinch in propagation is not necessary. Chlorosis Iron deficiency Controlling Growth • Black Velvet, Blue A Fuse, Phantom and High pH Pinstripe Petunias should be ready for • Use high light levels and cool Nitrogen deficiency transplant 3 weeks after sticking. temperatures to control growth. • To control early growth and improve Crop Schedule & Uses GROWING ON TO FINISH flowering and habit, growers can use 1 (Crop Schedule in Weeks) or more applications of B-Nine (1,500 to Media 2,500 ppm) starting 7 to 14 days after • A pH of 5.4 to 5.8 is optimum. 4-in. (10-cm) 6-in. ( 15-cm) transplant. B-Nine applications late in the Pot Pot • Black Velvet, Blue A Fuse, Phantom and crop can cause instability in flower color. 1 PP* Pinstripe Petunias prefer a well-drained • Mature plants which are approaching 2 to 3 PP* soil. shipping size can be drenched with Unrooted 8 to 10 9 to 11 Temperature Bonzi (0.25 to 1.0 ppm) to significantly cuttings • Night: 53 to 61ºF (12 to 16ºC) slow vegetative growth while allowing flowering to continue. Rooted 5 to 7 6 to 8 • Day: 59 to 76ºF (15 to 24ºC) cuttings • Use of PGRs can delay flowering 1 to 2 Light weeks. Avoid spraying once flower buds *PP: Plants per pot • Black Velvet, Blue A Fuse, Phantom and appear. Pinstripe Petunias should be grown • In general, more frequent applications under moderate light levels; 5,000 to of any growth regulator at a lower 8,000 f.c. (50,000 to 80,000 Lux) is the concentration will produce the best ideal range. results. • Low light levels promote stem stretch • These recommendations for plant and reduced plant quality. growth regulators should be used only • For fastest flowering during short as general guidelines. Growers must daylength, maintain night temperatures trial all chemicals under their particular at 59 to 61°F (15 to 16°C) and use lighting conditions. to provide a daylength of 10 hrs. Watering The medium should be allowed to dry between waterings. However, periods of sustained wilting should be avoided. Petunias are susceptible to Botrytis and root diseases – avoid high humidity, constantly saturated media and wet foliage.
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Watering Common Problems TRAILING PETUNIA • Plants are susceptible to Botrytis – avoid Insects: Aphids, thrips, whitefly, leafminers, (vegetative) high humidity, constantly saturated fungus gnats media and wet foliage. Diseases: Botrytis, Rhizoctonia, Pythium Petunia x hybrida • Vegetative petunias are susceptible to root diseases if overwatered. Allow the Because Petunias are susceptible to Suncatcher™ media to dry slightly between waterings, several viruses, it is vital to begin with but avoid any wilt. cuttings supplied from clean stock. Always PROPAGATION start with clean flats and pots and apply • Choose a well-drained medium with an Fertilizer a broad spectrum preventative fungicide EC of 0.75 to 0.80 mmhos and a pH of • Vegetative petunias require heavy, drench following transplant. 5.4 to 5.8. constant fertilization. • Use constant feed with a balanced • Stick cuttings within 12 to 24 hours of Problems Causes arrival. Cuttings can be stored overnight, fertilizer at 225 to 300 ppm N with if necessary, at 45 to 50°F (7 to 10°C). additional iron as needed. Plant Wet media for an extended • Soil temperature should be maintained • A full complement of minor elements collapse period (Pythium) at 68 to 73°F (20 to 23°C) until roots are should be provided to the plant. Rhizoctonia due to planting visible. • Apply clear water to prevent problems too deep with soluble salt buildup. • Begin fertilization with 75 to 100 ppm N Delayed Daylength too short when roots become visible. Increase to Media pH Management flowering Late application of growth 150 to 200 ppm N as roots develop. • Plants must be monitored regularly for regulators • Once roots are visible, the media early, visual signs of upward pH drift should be kept moderately wet and (interveinal yellowing on youngest Excessive High ammonia concentration never saturated. This will prevent iron vegetative in the soil leaves). Regular soil pH tests are an growth deficiency and the associated chlorotic excellent way to identify movements in Over-fertilization under low foliage which can develop. pH before they create visual symptoms, light conditions • As the rooted cuttings develop, which can be difficult to correct. Low light levels and over- appropriate water stress and moderate • Periodic application of acidic feed watering; wet media air temperatures should eliminate or drench applications of a chelated Poor Low fertilization; lack of the need for chemical plant growth iron product can be used to maintain branching nitrogen regulators (PGRs). appropriate pH levels. • Suncatcher Trailing Petunias can be Stretched Low light levels • An effective method of lowering pH is plants pinched 18 to 24 days after sticking, a soil drench of iron sulfate. The foliage when roots are well developed, to must be rinsed immediately after Chlorosis Iron deficiency promote early branching and improve treatment since the iron sulfate solution High pH habit. which can result in phytotoxicity to Nitrogen deficiency • Suncatcher Trailing Petunia rooted flowers and foliage. cuttings should be ready for Crop Schedule & Uses transplanting 21 to 28 days after sticking. Pinching (Crop Schedule in Weeks) • Pinch plants 10 to 14 days after transplanting to improve basal branching. GROWING ON TO FINISH 4-in. (10-cm) 6-in. ( 15-cm) • For a larger basket or container, a second Pot Pot Media pinch can be applied, but will delay 1 PP* Use a well-drained, disease-free, soilless flowering approximately 2 weeks. 1 to 2 PP* medium with a pH of 5.4 to 5.8. Controlling Growth Unrooted 9 to 11 10 to 12 cuttings Temperature • Use high light levels and cool • Night: 53 to 61°F (12 to 16°C) temperatures to control growth. Rooted 6 to 8 7 to 9 • Day: 59 to 76°F (15 to 24°C) • To control growth and improve flowering cuttings • Higher than recommended temperatures and habit, growers can use 1 or more *PP: Plants per pot will cause stretch, weak stems and applications of B-Nine (1,500 to 2,500 reduced flower size. ppm) starting 7 to 14 days after • Recommended night temperatures will transplant. create maximum branching and the best • Mature plants which are approaching possible habit. shipping size can be drenched with Light Bonzi (0.25 to 1.0 ppm) to significantly • Keep light intensities at 5,000 to 8,000 slow vegetative growth while allowing f.c. (50,000 to 80,000 Lux). flowering to continue. • Low light levels promote stem stretch • Use of PGRs can delay flowering 1 to 2 and reduced plant quality. weeks. Avoid spraying once flower buds • For Suncatcher Trailing Petunias, appear. flowering is best under long days of • In general, more frequent applications Spring and Summer. Generally, flowering of any growth regulator at a lower will be heaviest in April to September. concentration will produce the best Crop times will be significantly results. lengthened under short daylengths. • These recommendations for plant • For fastest flowering during short growth regulators should be used only daylength, maintain night temperatures as general guidelines. Growers must at 59 to 61°F (15 to 16°C) and use lighting trial all chemicals under their particular to provide a daylength of 12 to 13 hours. conditions.
36 800 879-BALL ballseed.com Flower GrowerFacts
GROWING ON TO FINISH RUDBECKIA (seed) SALVIA (vegetative) Container Size Rudbeckia hirta 6-in. (15-cm.) pots Salvia farinacea x longispicata Tiger Eye Media Mystic Spires Blue Approximate seed count: 63,190 S./oz. (2,229 S./g) Use a well-drained, disease-free, soilless medium with a pH of 5.8 to 6.2 and PROPAGATION medium initial nutrient charge. • Choose a well-drained medium with an PLUG PRODUCTION EC of 0.75 to 0.80 mmhos and a pH of Plug Tray Size Temperature 5.8 to 6.2. Rudbeckia Tiger Eye plugs are best • Night: 55 to 60°F (13 to 15°C) • Stick cuttings within 12 to 24 hours of produced in 288 plug trays. The average • Day: 64 to 67°F (18 to 19°C) arrival. Cuttings can be stored overnight, plug production time is 5 to 8 weeks. • Maintain these temperatures until bud if necessary, at 45 to 50°F (7 to 10°C). initiation. • Soil temperature should be maintained Media at 68 to 73°F (20 to 23°C) until roots are Light Use a well-drained, disease-free, soilless visible. Rudbeckia flowers earlier under long days. medium with a pH of 5.8 to 6.2 and a • Begin fertilization with 75 to 100 ppm N medium initial nutrient charge (EC) of 0.50 Irrigation when roots become visible. Increase to to 0.75 mmhos/cm (1:2 extraction). Maintain even moisture. Avoid excessive 150 to 200 ppm N as roots develop. • Once roots are visible, the media Sowing wetness. should be kept moderately wet and Lightly cover the seed with a light layer Fertilizer never saturated. This will prevent iron of coarse grade vermiculite. This helps in • After transplant, fertilize the crop with a deficiency and the associated chlorotic keeping the seed moist during germination. balanced fertilizer supplying 150 to 200 foliage which can develop. Light is required for germination. Allow 10 ppm N. • As the rooted cuttings develop, to 14 days for germination. • Maintain the media EC at 1.50 to 2.00 appropriate water stress and moderate Temperature mmhos/cm and pH at 5.8 to 6.5. air temperatures should eliminate Germination: 75 to 78°F (24 to 25°C) Plant Growth Regulators the need for chemical plant growth After germination: Plugs can be grown in • Growth regulators can be applied for regulators (PGRs). the greenhouse at 70 to 75°F (21 to 24°C) container production. • A B-Nine spray (2,500 to 3,000 ppm) days and 64 to 67°F (18 to 19°C) nights • Foliar sprays of B-Nine at 2,500 to 5,000 once roots have developed is effective in until transplant. ppm applied twice after transplant work controlling stretch and encouraging good well. First application can be done 2 branching. Light • A Bonzi drench (0.5 to 3 ppm) 10 to 12 Stage 1: Light is required for germination weeks after transplant, followed by a second application 2 weeks later. days after sticking is also effective in After germination: 2,500 to 3,000 f.c. controlling stretch. (25,000 to 30,000 Lux) Crop Scheduling • Mystic Spires Blue Salvia should be Seedling maturity: Up to 5,000 f.c. Sow to transplant (288-cell plug): pinched 18 to 24 days after sticking, (50,000 Lux) 5 to 8 weeks when roots are well developed, to Humidity Transplant to finish in a 6-in. (15-cm.) pot: promote early branching and improve Maintain 95 to 100% relative humidity 7 to 9 weeks, 1 to 3 plants per pot habit. during germination. • Mystic Spires Blue Salvia rooted cuttings Common Problems should be ready for transplanting 21 to 24 Soil Moisture Insects: Whiteflies, thrips and aphids days after sticking. Keep soil moisture high at radicle emergence, then reduce moisture levels GROWING ON TO FINISH after cotyledon development. Do not allow Media seedlings to wilt. • A pH of 5.8 to 6.2 is optimum. Fertilizer • Mystic Spires Blue Salvia prefers a well- When cotyledons fully expand, start drained soil. fertilizing with 50 ppm N twice a week. Temperature As the true leaves develop, increase the • Night: 62 to 67°F (17 to 19°C) fertilizer rate to 100 ppm N. Maintain the • Day: 71 to 79°F (21 to 26°C) plug media EC at 1.0 to 1.5 mmhos/cm and pH at 6.0 to 6.2. Light • Mystic Spires Blue Salvia should be Plant Growth Regulators grown in high light; 6,000 to 10,000 f.c. Not required. (60,000 to 100,000 Lux) is the ideal range. • Plants will stretch badly at light intensities below 4,000 f.c. (40,000 Lux); branching will be reduced, as will flowering, and the overall quality of Mystic Spires Blue Salvia will be reduced significantly. • Mystic Spires Blue Salvia will bloom quicker under short days. Watering The medium must be allowed to dry between waterings. However, periods of sustained wilting should be avoided.
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Mystic Spires Blue Salvia Common Problems continued Insects: Thrips, aphids, whitefly, fungus SALVIA (seed) gnats Salvia splendens Fertilizer Diseases: Botrytis, Pythium, Rhizoctonia • Mystic Spires Blue Salvia has a moderate Vista fertilizer requirement. Approximate seed count 7,500 S./oz. (256 S./g) • Maintain constant fertilization at 150 to Problems Causes 225 ppm N. Plant Stem canker (Botrytis) PLUG PRODUCTION • Excessive phosphorous and ammoniacal collapse Plants grown in saturated nitrogen will promote unwanted media for extended periods of Media vegetative growth. Both should be time (Pythium) Use a well-drained, disease-free seedling provided in very limited quantities. Excessive Excessive ammonia nitrogen medium with a pH of 5.8 to 6.2 and EC • If new growth is chlorotic, add chelated vegetative in fertilizer about 0.5 mS/cm (1:2 extraction). iron to the feed. growth Low light and over-watering; • Slow-release fertilizer can be and lack saturated media Sowing incorporated at a moderate rate to of flowers Covering seed with a thin layer of supplement a liquid program. Poor Low fertilization during early vermiculite is recommended. Pinching branching stages of growth; low light Stage 1 – Germination takes and thin approximately 4 to 5 days. • Mystic Spires Blue Salvia should be plants pinched 7 to 10 days after transplanting. Soil temperature: 75 to 78°F (24 to 25°C) • Depending on the pot size, light Light: Lighting is not necessary. levels and other cultural factors, 1 to Crop Schedule & Uses Moisture: Keep soil wet (level 4) during 2 additional pinches will be required. (Crop Schedule in Weeks) Stage 1 for optimal germination. Each pinch should be performed when Humidity: Maintain 100% relative humidity 4 mature leaves can be left on the stem 6-in. (15-cm) Pot (RH) until radicles emerge. after the terminal is removed to ensure 1 to 2 PP* Stage 2 adequate breaks after the pinch. Plants Soil temperature: 72 to 75°F (24 to 25°C) should bloom 4 to 6 weeks after a pinch. Unrooted cuttings 10 to 14 Light: Up to 2,500 f.c. (26,900 Lux) Controlling Growth Rooted cuttings 6 to 10 Moisture: Start to slightly reduce soil • Maintain recommended temperatures moisture (level 3) to allow roots to *PP: Plants per pot and light levels to avoid stretch. penetrate into the media. • Wet media will cause stretching and Fertilizer: Apply fertilizer at rate 1 (less produce weak growth. than 50 to 75 ppm) from nitrate-form • Do not allow the plants to become fertilizers with low phosphorous. crowded on the bench. Stage 3 • Mystic Spires Blue Salvia is responsive Soil temperature: 65 to 70°F (18 to 21°C) to Bonzi (0.5 to 1.5 ppm drench), B-Nine Light: Up to 2,500 f.c. (26,900 Lux) (2,500 to 3,000 ppm) and Cycocel (1,000 Moisture: Allow media to further dry until to 1,500 ppm) tank mix (spray) applied the surface becomes light brown (level 2) 1 to 3 times and is effective for toning. before watering. Keep the moisture to wet- Applications should be made 10 to 14 dry cycle (moisture level 4 to 2). days apart as needed. Fertilizer: Increase fertilizer to rate 2 • When producing under long days (greater (100 to 175 ppm). If growth is slow, apply than 14-hr. days) B-Nine at 2,500 to a balanced ammonium and nitrate-form 5,000 ppm is useful for controlling fertilizer with every other fertilization. height. Flowering time is increased under Maintain medium pH 5.8 to 6.2 and EC long days. between 0.75 to 1.0 and 1.5 mS/cm (1:2 • These recommendations for plant extraction). growth regulators should be used only Growth Regulators: Control plug growth as general guidelines. Growers must first by environment, nutrition and trial all chemicals under their particular irrigation management, then with chemical conditions. plant growth regulators if needed. Minimize ammonium-form nitrogen fertilizer to avoid seedling elongation. Temperature differential (DIF) can also be used to minimize height. B-Nine at 2,500 to 5,000 to tone plugs. Test all chemical plant regulators first. Stage 4 Soil temperature: 60 to 65°F (15 to 18°C) Light: Up to 5,000 f.c. (53,800 Lux) if temperature can be controlled. Moisture: Same as Stage 3. Fertilizer: Same as Stage 3.
38 800 879-BALL ballseed.com Flower GrowerFacts
GROWING ON TO FINISH GROWING ON TO FINISH SNAPDRAGON (seed) Use a well-drained disease-free soilless Container Size Antirrhinum majus medium with a medium initial nutrient 306 tray: 1 plant per cell charge and a pH of 5.5 to 6.2. ™ Media Snapshot Temperature Approximate seed count: 180,000 S./oz. (6,350 S./g) Use a well-drained, disease-free, soilless • Night: 45 to 55°F (10 to 13°C) medium with a pH of 5.8 to 6.2 and a • Day: 55 to 70°F (13 to 21°C) medium initial nutrient charge. GERMINATION AND PLUG • Avoid night temperatures above 55°F PRODUCTION (13°C) as this will reduce stem strength. Temperature • The best time to grow Snapdragons is • Night: 55 to 60°F (13 to 15°C) Stage 1 - Time of radical emergence. Autumn through early Spring, when • Day: 70 to 75°F (21 to 24°C) Use a well-drained, disease-free seedling cooler growing conditions can be medium with a pH of 5.5 to 5.8 and EC less maintained. Light than 0.75 mmhos/cm (2:1 extraction). Keep light levels as high as possible while Germination: 64 to 68°F (18 to 20°C) Moisture maintaining moderate temperatures. Timing: 4 to 8 days Allow soil to dry slightly between waterings, but avoid wilting. Fertilizer Soil temperature: 64 to 68°F (18 to 20°C) • Apply nitrate-form with low phosphorus Moisture: Medium Light fertilizer at rate 3 (175 to 225 ppm) Light: Not required Keep light levels as high as possible while every other irrigation. Apply a balanced Cover: Lightly with vermiculite maintaining recommended temperature. ammonium and nitrate-form fertilizer Stage 2 - Stem and cotyledons emerge. Fertilizer with low phosphorus as needed to Timing: 7 to 14 days Every other irrigation, apply 150 ppm N encourage growth and balance medium Soil temperature: 65 to 70°F (18 to 21°C) from 15-0-15, 15-5-15 alternating with pH. Maintain medium pH 5.8 to 6.2. Moisture: Reduce moisture levels once 20-10-20. Alternate feed with clear water. • For a constant fertilizer program, apply radicle emergence occurs. Allow the soil fertilizer at rate 2 (100 to 175 ppm) while to dry out slightly before watering. Irrigate Soil pH maintaining the above recommended EC early in the day so that foliage is dry by 5.5 to 6.2 and pH ranges. nightfall. Soil EC Growth Regulators Light: 450 to 1,500 f.c. (5,000 to 16,000 Lux) 1.0 mmhos/cm (using 1:2 extraction). • Use B-Nine (daminozide) at 2,500 to Provide good airflow at the plant level. 5,000 ppm 2 to 3 times starting at Fertilizer: 50 to 75 ppm N from 14-0-14 or 7 days after transplant. Bonzi, Sumagic, calcium/potassium nitrate feed once per Controlling Height and B-Nine/Cycocel tank mix are also week when cotyledons are fully expanded. • Once plants are rooted to the sides of effective. Alternate feed with clear water. Maintain the containers they can be allowed to dry • To determine the best rate for your water alkalinity at 60-100 ppm and slightly prior to irrigation. conditions, we recommend that you run ammonium levels at less than 10 ppm. • Withhold fertilizer, especially an in-house trials. Soil pH: 5.5 to 5.8 phosphorous and ammonium-form N. Soil EC: Less than 0.75 mmhos/cm • Snapdragons are responsive to day/night Crop Scheduling Stage 3 - Growth and development of temperature differential (DIF) and are Sow to transplant (400 to 288-cell plug): true leaves. shorter with a negative DIF. 4 to 6 weeks Timing: 14 days • When grown as recommended under Transplant to flower: 5 to 7 weeks Soil temperature: 62 to 65°F (17 to 18°C) cool temperatures and high light, no Total crop time: 306 pack, 4 to 5 weeks Moisture: To promote root growth and growth regulators should be needed. Common Problems control shoot growth, allow the soil to dry B-Nine, Bonzi and Sumagic are effective Insects: Thrip, Aphids, Whitefly between irrigations, but avoid wilting. in controlling height in snapdragons, but Diseases: Alternaria Leaf Spot, Powdery Light: 1,000 to 2,500 f.c. (11,000 to 27,000 may delay flowering and will lead to less Mildew, Rust Lux) uniform flowering time. Fertilizer: 100 to 150 ppm of 20-10-20 alternating with 15-5-15 or other cal-mag Crop Scheduling formulations, every 2 or 3 irrigations. Sow to transplant (400-cell plug tray): Soil pH: 5.5 to 5.8 5 to 6 weeks Soil EC: Less than 1.0 mmhos/cm Transplant to saleable 306 packs: Plant growth regulators: Use DIF 4 to 6 weeks whenever possible. A-Rest sprayed 3 and 4 Common Problems weeks after sowing at 10 ppm is effective in Insects: Thrips, aphids controlling height. Diseases: Downy mildew, Botrytis, powdery Stage 4 - Plants are ready for transplant mildew or shipping. Timing: 7 days Soil temperature: 60 to 62°F (16 to 19°C) Moisture: Allow soil to dry thoroughly between irrigations, but avoid wilting. Light: 1,000 to 2,500 f.c. (11,000 to 27,000 Lux) Fertilizer: 100 to 150 ppm N from 15-5-15 or other cal-mag formulation as needed. Avoid ammonium fertilizers in Stage 4. Soil pH: 5.5 to 5.8 Soil EC: Less than 0.75 mmhos/cm
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Water Common Problems VERBENA (vegetative) • During the first 10 to 14 days, water Insects: Aphids, thrips, whitefly, spider Verbena x hybrid sparingly and never saturate the media. mites, leafminer. Allow the media to dry somewhat Diseases: Botrytis, Rhizoctonia, Pythium, Aztec® between waterings. powdery mildew. • Avoid extended periods where the media PROPAGATION is saturated, as this will cause root Problems Causes • Choose a well-drained medium with an system problems. • Avoid wet foliage in areas where powdery Plant Wet media for an extended EC of 0.75 to 0.80 mmhos and a pH of collapse period (Pythium, Botrytis) 5.8 to 6.2. mildew can be a problem. • Stick cuttings within 12 to 24 hours of Excess High ammonia concentration Fertilizer vegetative in the soil arrival. Cuttings can be stored overnight, • Aztec Verbena have moderate to heavy growth if necessary, at 45 to 50°F (7 to 10°C). Over-fertilization under low fertilizer requirements to keep the plants light conditions • Soil temperature should be maintained growing vigorously. Reducing the feed at 68 to 73°F (20 to 23°C) until roots are Low light and over-watering; causes the plant to become woody and wet media visible. foliage quality to decline. • Once roots are visible, the media • Use a balanced fertilizer at 225 to 300 Poor Low fertilization during early should be kept moderately wet and ppm every watering to ensure maximum branching stages never saturated. This will prevent iron growth and flowering. Foliage Drying out the plant between deficiency and the associated chlorotic • Excessive phosphorous and ammoniacal necrosis irrigations foliage which can develop. nitrogen will promote unwanted High soluble salts in the soil • As rooted cuttings are removed from vegetative growth. Both should be Powdery mildew mist, apply a broad spectrum foliar provided in very limited quantities. fungicide. • Controlled-release fertilizer can be used Foliage Low temperatures • Begin fertilization with 75 to 100 ppm N to supplement a liquid feed program. chlorosis Powdery mildew when roots become visible. Increase to • Leach pots periodically with clear water 150 to 200 ppm N as roots develop. to avoid build-up of salts. • As the rooted cuttings develop, high light Crop Schedule & Uses and moderate air temperatures should Pinching (Crop Schedule in Weeks) eliminate the need for chemical plant • Aztec Verbena should be pinched 7 to 14 days after transplanting. When pinched, growth regulators (PGRs). 4-in. (10-cm) 6-in. ( 15-cm) • To improve branching and habit, plants plants should be actively growing with Pot Pot can be pinched 7 to 10 days before roots at or near the edge of the pot. 1 PP* transplanting. • Plants can be sheared 1 to 2 times as 2 PP* • Aztec Verbena rooted cuttings should needed if the crop must be held. Unrooted 8 to 10 10 to 11 be ready for transplanting 24 to 28 days • Florel promotes branching and improves cuttings after sticking. the habit of Verbena. Any application of Florel should be avoided within 8 weeks Rooted 5 to 7 7 to 8 cuttings GROWING ON TO FINISH of sale. A range of 300 to 400 ppm, applied 1 to 2 times should be used as a *PP: Plants per pot Media guideline. Use a well-drained, disease-free, soilless medium with a pH of 5.8 to 6.2. Controlling Growth • A tank mix of Cycocel (750 to 1,500 ppm) Temperature and B-Nine (2,500 to 3,500 ppm) applied • Night: 62 to 64°F (17 to 18°C) 7 to 10 days after pinching will encourage • Day: 71 to 79°F (21 to 26°C) the naturally mounded habit of Aztec Light Verbena. • Keep light intensities above 5,000 • Similar results occur with a B-Nine f.c. (50,000 Lux) while maintaining spray (3,000 to 4,000 ppm). Multiple moderate temperatures. applications can be made as needed. • Low light levels promote stem stretch • These recommendations for plant and poor flowering. growth regulators should be used only • Aztec Verbena flower year-round, as general guidelines. Growers must although shortest crop times will occur trial all chemicals under their particular under Spring and Summer conditions. conditions.
40 800 879-BALL ballseed.com Flower GrowerFacts
Growth Regulators VERBENA (seed) If plant growth regulator treatments are VINCA (seed) Verbena x hybrid necessary for holding/toning the plugs, Catharanthus roseus apply A-Rest (ancymidol) at 10 ppm as a foliar spray. Garden Quartz XP ® Approximate seed count: 11,900 S./oz. (420 S./g) A Burpee Home Gardens Exclusive. GROWING ON TO FINISH Approximate seed count: 14,875 S./oz. (525 S./g)
PLUG PRODUCTION Container Size 306-cell packs. PLUG PRODUCTION Plug Tray Size 392-cell or similar size. Media Media Use a well-drained, disease-free soilless Use a well-drained, disease-free, soilless Sowing medium with a pH of 5.5 to 6.2 and a medium with a pH of 5.8 to 6.0 and a • Cover with a medium covering of coarse- medium initial nutrient charge. medium initial nutrient charge (EC 0.75 grade vermiculite. mmhos/cm). • Moisture management is the key to Temperature successful verbena germination. Maintain day temperatures at 65 to 70°F Sowing • Verbena germinates best under medium- (18 to 21°C) and night temperatures at Can be produced in 392, 288, or similar dry (level 2) to medium (level 3) plug about 60°F (15°C) until finish. Verbena can cell size plug trays. Cover the seed media moisture levels; medium-wet (level be grown as low as 55°F (13°C), but the with vermiculite. Allow 3 to 5 days for 4), and wet (level 5) conditions will tend crop time will be longer. germination. to decrease germination performance. Light Stage 1 – Germination takes 3 to 5 days. • Moisture levels in the plug media at Keep light levels as high as possible while Soil Temperature: 75 to 78°F (24 to 25°C) sowing can be controlled by adjusting maintaining appropriate temperatures. Light: Not required the water pressure, number of misting Moisture: Keep soil wet (level 4) during nozzles and the speed of the misting Humidity Stage 1. tunnel in the sowing line. Avoid high humidity in the growing Humidity: Maintain 95% relative humidity environment as this can induce powdery (RH) until the cotyledons emerge. Stage 1 - Sow to radicle emergence; 4 to mildew. 6 days Stage 2 Germination temperature: 72 to 75°F Fertilizer Soil temperature: 70 to 72°F (21 to 22°C) (22 to 24°C) Starting 1 week after transplant, apply Light: Up to 2,500 f.c. (26,900 Lux) Light: Not required for germination. fertilizer at rate 3 (175 to 225 ppm) using Moisture: Reduce soil moisture slightly Relative humidity: 95 to 97%. predominantly nitrate-form fertilizer with (level 3 to 4) to allow the roots to Stage 2 - Radicle emergence to low phosphorus. If needed, a balanced penetrate into the media. cotyledon expansion; 10 to 14 days ammonium and nitrate-form fertilizer may Fertilizer: Apply fertilizer at rate 1 (less Temperature: The day air temperatures be used as needed to encourage growth than 100 ppm) from nitrate-form fertilizers can be set at 70 to 72°F (21 to 22°C) and and balance the media pH. with low phosphorous. the night temperature at approximately Growth Regulators Stage 3 60°F (15°C). Use 2 applications of A-Rest (ancymidol) at Soil temperature: 70 to 72°F (21 to 22°C) Light: Up to 2,500 f.c. (26,900 Lux) during 20 ppm as a foliar spray. One application Light: Up to 2,500 f.c. (26,900 Lux) Stages 2 and 3. can be done 1 week after transplant, and Moisture: Allow media to dry further until Moisture: Once the plug trays come out the second application can be done 10 to 14 the surface becomes light brown (level 2) of the germination chamber, grow them days later. before watering. Keep the moisture to wet- under medium-wet (level 4) moisture dry cycle (moisture level 4 to 2). conditions. Avoid wet (level 5) moisture B-Nine (daminozide) at 3,500 ppm applied Fertilizer: Increase fertilizer to rate 2 (100 conditions until the seedlings establish. as a foliar spray also works well. Use the to 175 ppm) Maintain medium pH of 5.8 to Fertilizer: Apply fertilizer at rate 1 (less same spray schedule as recommended for 6.0 and EC between 1.0 and 1.5 mS/cm (1:2 than 100 ppm) with a nitrate-form fertilizer A-Rest. extraction). with low phosphorous. Maintain a media Crop Scheduling Stage 4 pH of 5.8 to 6.2 and EC at 0.5 to 0.7 mS/cm Sow to transplant (392-cell plug): Soil temperature: 70 to 72°F (21 to 22°C) (1:2 extraction). Approximately 4 weeks Light: Up to 5,000 f.c. (53,800 Lux) if Stage 3 - Cotyledon expansion to growth Transplant to flower in 306-cell packs: temperature can be controlled. of all set of true leaves; 10 to 14 days 6 to 8 weeks Moisture: Same as Stage 3. Temperature: The day air temperatures Fertilizer: Same as Stage 3. can be set at 68 to 70°F (20 to 21°C) and Total Crop Time: the night temperature at approximately Growth regulators: Not needed. 60°F (15°C). Container Number of Spring Fertilizer: Increase the fertilizer rate to 2 Size Plants (100 to 175 ppm). Maintain a media pH of 5.8 to 6.2 and EC at 0.7 to 1.0 mS/cm (1:2 306 pack 1 per cell 10 to 12 weeks extraction). Stage 4 - Development of all true leaves Common Problems to shipping/transplant; 7 days Insects: Mites, thrips Maintain the recommended growing Diseases: Powdery mildew temperatures and fertilizer regime as in Stage 3. Light levels can be up to 5,000 f.c. (53,800 Lux) if temperatures can be maintained. Check for powdery mildew from this stage onwards.
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Garden Vinca continued GROWING ON TO FINISH ZINNIA (seed) Container Size GROWING ON TO FINISH Zinnia spp. Double Zahara: 306 pack or 4-in. (10-cm) Media Bridesmaid pots. Use a well-drained, disease-free, soilless A Burpee Home Gardens® Exclusive. Bridesmaid, Champagne Toast, Uptown, media with a pH of 5.5 to 6.0 and a White Wedding: 4 or 6-in. (10 or medium initial nutrient charge (EC 0.75 Champagne Toast 15-cm.) pots. A Burpee Home Gardens® Exclusive. mmhos/cm). Media Double Zahara™ Temperature Use a well-drained, disease-free media • Night: 65 to 68°F (18 to 20°C) UpTown with a pH of 5.8 to 6.2 and a medium initial • Day: 75°F (24°C) or above A Burpee Home Gardens® Exclusive. nutrient charge. Light White Wedding Temperature ® As high as possible while maintaining A Burpee Home Gardens Exclusive. • Night: 59 to 64°F (15 to 18°C) optimal production temperatures. Approximate seed count: 10,000 to 17,000 S./oz. • Day: 65 to 70°F (18 to 21°C) (350 to 600 S./g) Irrigation Light Maintain even moisture. Avoid excessive Keep light levels as high as possible while PLUG PRODUCTION media and foliage wetness as these maintaining appropriate temperatures. conditions are favorable for disease Media Flowers will be more double with intense incidence. Use a well-drained, disease-free media with color under high light levels. a pH range of 5.8 to 6.2, and EC less than Fertilizer Fertilizer 0.75mmhos/cm (2:1 extraction). • Starting 1 week after transplant, apply • Starting 1 week after transplant, apply fertilizer at rate 4 (225 to 300 ppm) once Sowing fertilizer at rate 3 (175 to 225 ppm) using a week using predominately a nitrate- Plug Tray Size: Can be produced in predominantly nitrate-form fertilizer with form fertilizer with low phosphorus and 288, 200 or similar cell size plug trays. low phosphorus. high potassium. Cover the seed with a medium layer of • If needed, alternate with a balanced • Maintain the media EC at 1.5 to 2.0 mS/ vermiculite at sowing. ammonium and nitrate-form fertilizer to cm and pH at 5.5 to 6.0. encourage growth and balance the media • For constant fertilizer program, fertilizer Stage 1 – Germination takes pH. can be applied at rate 3 (175 to 225 approximately 2 to 3 days • Maintain the media EC at 1.50 to 2.00 ppm) while maintaining the above Germination temperature: 68 to 73°F (20 mS/cm and pH at 5.8 to 6.2. recommended EC and pH ranges. to 22°C) • Avoid fertilizer/nutritional stress during Light: Light is not required for germination. production as this can cause the flowers Growth Regulators Moisture: Keep the soil wet (level 4) during to be less double. Not required. Stage 1 Relative humidity: Maintain 95 to 97% Irrigation Crop Scheduling relative humidity (RH) until cotyledons Maintain optimal media moisture (not too Sow to transplant (392, 288, or similar emerge. wet or too dry). Avoid overhead irrigation. cell plug size): 5 weeks Irrigation should take place during times Transplant to finish in 306-packs: Stage 2 when foliage will dry quickly, to prevent 3 to 5 weeks Temperature: 68 to 76°F (20 to 24°C) any disease incidence. 4-in. (10-cm) pot: 3 to 5 weeks. 1 plants per days; 59 to 64°F (15 to 18°C) nights pot Light: Can be up to 2,500 f.c. (26,900 Lux) Plant Growth Regulators 6-in (15-cm) pot: 3 to 5 weeks. 1 to 3 plants during Stages 2 and 3. B-Nine (daminozide) at 3,500 to 5,000 per pot Media Moisture: Keep the media medium ppm applied twice as a foliar spray will Total crop time from sow to finish: 8 to (level 3) to medium wet (level 4). help in controlling the plant growth. 10 weeks. The timing is dependent on Fertilizer: Apply fertilizer at rate 1 (less First application can be done one week temperature and light levels. than 100 ppm) with a nitrate-form fertilizer after transplant, followed by a second with low phosphorous. application 7 to 10 days later. Common Problems Stage 3 Diseases: Incorporate a preventative Crop Scheduling Temperature: 68 to 76°F (20 to 24°C) fungicide program for Rhizoctonia, Botrytis Sow to transplant: Approximately 3 weeks days; 59 to 64°F (15 to 18°C) nights. and Phytophthora. Transplant to flower: 8 to 9 weeks in Media Moisture: Keep the media medium Spring, 5 to 6 weeks in Summer wet (level 3) during Stages 3 and 4. Total crop time (sow to flower): 11 to 12 Fertilizer: Increase the fertilizer rate to 2 weeks in Spring, 8 to 9 weeks in Summer (100 to 175 ppm). Maintain a media pH of 5.8 to 6.2 and EC at 0.7 to 1.0 mS/cm (1:2 Common Problems extraction). Insects: Monitor for Aphids early in production, and Thrips during flowering. Stage 4 Disease: Avoid high humidity and Temperature: 65 to 70°F (18 to 21°C) days; condensation in the greenhouse, as these 59 to 64°F (15 to 18°C) nights conditions are favorable for Botrytis and Light: Light levels can be up to 5,000 f.c. Powdery Mildew incidence. (53,800 Lux) if optimal temperatures can be maintained. Fertilizer: Same as Stage 3. Plant Growth Regulators PGRs are generally not required during plug production. If needed, plants can be treated once during the plug stage at about 10 to 14 days after sowing with a foliar spray of B-Nine (daminozide) at 1,250 to 2,500 ppm.
42 800 879-BALL ballseed.com
Burpee Home Gardens® Vegetable & Herb Variety Culture Chart Note: This chart includes general culture guidelines. Please refer to the GrowerFacts on the following pages for detailed growing information. See the inside back cover for Burpee Home Gardens “To Go” Culture Charts. Total Crop Time Germination Cover/ Growing On for 4-in. (10-cm) Crop Temperature Light Sow to Transplant (days)1 Temperature Pots (Weeks)5 Vegetables Artichoke 70-75°F (21-24°C) C. Lt. 35-45 55-58°F (13-14°C) 10-12 Arugula 65-70°F (18-21°C) C 10-15 50-60°F (10-15°C) 7-8 Bean (Pole/Bush) 72-75°F (22-24°C) C Direct sow into container2 60-65°F (15-18°C) 3-5 Broccoli 70°F (21°C) C 10-21 50-60°F (10-15°C) 8-9 Brussels Sprouts 70°F (21°C) C 10-14 50-60°F (10-15°C) 8-9 Cabbage 70°F (21°C) C 10-15 50-60°F (10-15°C) 8-9 Cauliflower 70°F (21°C) C 10-16 50-60°F (10-15°C) 8-9 Celery 70-72°F (21-22°C) C 30-35 58-60°F (14-15°C) 8-10 Collards 70°F (21°C) C 10-14 50-60°F (10-15°C) 8-9 Cucumber 72°F (22°C) C Direct sow into container2 60-65°F (15-18°C) 3-5 Eggplant 70-75°F (21-24°C) C 12-18 60-65°F (15-18°C) 8-9 Fennel 70-72°F (21-22°C) C 30-35 55-60°F (13-15°C) 9-11 Kohlrabi 65-70°F (18-21°C) C 28-30 50-60°F (10-15°C) 8-9 Lettuce & Greens 65-70°F (18-21°C) C/L Direct sow into container2 55-60°F (13-15°C) 6-9 Melon 75-78°F (24-25°C) C Direct sow into container2 65-70°F (18-21°C) 4-5 Mustard 70°F (21°C) C 10-14 50-60°F (10-15°C) 8-9 Okra 70°F (21°C) C. Lt. 14-18 60-65°F (15-18°C) 9-11 Onion 70°F (21°C) C. Lt. Direct sow into container2 55-60°F (13-15°C) 12-15 Pak Choi 65-70°F (18-21°C) C 28-32 50-60°F (10-15°C) 7-8 Pea 50-60°F (10-15°C) C Direct sow into container2 45-55°F (7-13°C) 4-5 Pepper 75-78°F (24-25°C) C/L 21-26 62-65°F (17-18°C) 9-11 Pumpkin 72°F (22°C) C Direct sow into container2 62-65°F (17-18°C) 4-6 Spinach 65-70°F (18-21°C) C/L Direct sow into container2 55-60°F (13-15°C) 6-9 Squash (Summer & Winter) 72°F (22°C) C Direct sow into container2 60-65°F (15-18°C) 4-6 Strawberry 65-70°F (18-21°C) C. Lt. 28-38 60-62°F (15-17°C) 9-10
All-Star Strawberry (bareroot) See page 58. Swiss Chard 68-72°F (20-22°C) C 30-35 55-58°F (13-14°C) 10-12 Tomato 70-75°F (21-24°C) C 12-18 62-65°F (17-18°C) 8-10
Bumper Crop™ Grafted Tomato See page 60. Watermelon 75-80°F (24-26°C) C Direct sow into container2 65-70°F (18-21°C) 6-7 Herbs Basil 70°F (21°C) C 15-184 60-65°F (15-18°C) 8-10 Catnip 70-75°F (21-24°C) C. Lt. 25-29 55-60°F (13-15°C) 12-13 Chives 70°F (21°C) C. Lt. Direct sow into container3 55-60°F (13-15°C) 15-17 Cilantro 68-70°F (20-21°C) C/L 14-184 55-60°F (13-15°C) 10-11 Dill 65-70°F (18-21°C) L 10-154 55-60°F (13-15°C) 9-11 Lavender 65-75°F (18-24°C) L 20-32 60-65°F (15-18°C) 18-20 Oregano 70°F (21°C) C 21-28 50-55°F (10-13°C) 12-13 Parsley 70°F (21°C) C 21-284 60-65°F (15-18°C) 10-11 Peppermint & Spearmint 70-75°F (21-24°C) C. Lt. 25-29 55-60°F (13-15°C) 12-13 Rosemary 70°F (21°C) L 21-28 55-60°F (13-15°C) 16-18 Sage 70°F (21°C) C 20-27 55-60°F (13-15°C) 12-14 Stevia 70°F (21°C) C. Lt. 10-14 60-65°F (15-18°C) 7-10 Summer Savory 70-72°F (21-22°C) L 28-30 60-62°F (16-17°C) 7-8 Summer Thyme 70°F (21°C) C 12-18 55-60°F (13-15°C) 13-15 Sweet Marjoram 70°F (21°C) C. Lt. 10-14 55-60°F (13-15°C) 11-12 C: Cover C. Lt.: Cover lightly L: Light needed to germinate C/L: Cover optional 1 Based on 512-plug (except when direct sown) 2 2 to 3 seeds per container 3 Broadcast seed 4 Can broadcast seed into final container to cut cost and growing time 5 Weeks from sow to saleable size: For packs, reduce the crop time 1 to 2 weeks. For containers larger than 4-in. (10-cm) size, increase the crop time 1 to 2 weeks.
800 879-BALL ballseed.com 43 Vegetable GrowerFacts
Note: Growers should use the GROWING ON TO FINISH information presented here ARTICHOKE Temperature as a starting point. Crop times Cynara scolymus • Night: 55 to 58°F (13 to 14°C) • Day: 55 to 62°F (13 to 17°C) will vary depending on the Imperial Star climate, location, time of year Light and greenhouse environmental PLUG PRODUCTION Maintain light levels as high as possible while maintaining moderate temperatures. conditions. Chemical and Stage 1 – Time of radicle emergence PGR recommendations are (4 to 8 days) Media only guidelines. It is the • Soil temperature 70 to 75°F (21 to 24°C). Use a well-drained, disease-free soilless responsibility of the applicator • Soil pH 5.5 to 5.8 and soluble salts (EC) medium with a medium initial nutrient to read and follow all the less than 0.75 mmhos/cm (2:1 extraction). charge and a pH of 5.5 to 6.2. current label directions for the • Artichoke is very sensitive to high salts, particularly high ammonium, during Fertilization specific chemical being used in germination. • Fertilize every other irrigation with accordance with all regulations. • Keep ammonium levels to less than 15-0-15 or 15-5-15 alternating with 10 ppm. 20-10-20 at 150 to 200 ppm nitrogen. • Cover the seed lightly with coarse • Maintain medium electrical vermiculite. conductivity around 1.0 mmhos/cm (using 1:2 extraction). Stage 2 – Stem and cotyledon emergence (7 to 10 days) Controlling Height • Soil temperature 62 to 65°F (17 to 18°C). • Once plants are rooted to the sides of • Reduce moisture levels once radicle the containers, they can be allowed to emergence occurs. Allow the soil to dry wilt prior to irrigation to provide some out slightly before watering for best height control. germination and rooting. • Height can also be controlled by • Keep soil pH to 5.5 to 5.8 and EC less withholding fertilizer, especially than 0.75 mmhos/cm. phosphorous and ammonium-form • Keep ammonium levels to less than nitrogen. 10 ppm. • Artichoke is responsive to day/night • Begin fertilizing with 50 to 75 ppm temperature differential (DIF), and is N from 14-0-14, 15-5-15 or a calcium/ shorter with a negative DIF. potassium nitrate feed once cotyledons • Chemical PGRs can not be used on are fully expanded. most vegetables and herbs. • Alternate feed with clear water. • Irrigate early in the day so foliage is dry POST-PRODUCTION CARE by nightfall to prevent diseases. Optimum Temperature Stage 3 – Growth and development of • Night: 55 to 65°F (13 to 18°C) true leaves (14 to 18 days) • Day: 65 to 70°F (18 to 21°C) • Soil temperature 62 to 65°F (17 to 18°C). • Artichoke prefers cool temperatures; • Allow the soil to dry thoroughly between below 70°F (21°C) is recommended irrigations but avoid permanent wilting during retail display. to promote root growth and control • Optimum conditions may be difficult shoot growth. to maintain, especially if plants are • Maintain soil pH at 5.5 to 5.8 and EC displayed outside. less than 1.0 mmhos/cm. Light • Increase feed to 100 to 150 ppm N Artichoke grows best in full sun; however from 20-10-20 alternating with 14-0-14, partial shading may be beneficial during 15-5-15 or other calcium/potassium retail display. nitrate fertilizer. • Fertilize every 2 to 3 irrigations. Common Problems • Supplement with magnesium 1 to 2 times Insects: Aphids, Whitefly, Fungus gnats during this stage, using magnesium Diseases: Pythium, Rhizoctonia, sulfate or magnesium nitrate. Do not mix Powdery Mildew magnesium sulfate with calcium nitrate as precipitate will form. • Use DIF whenever possible, especially the first 2 hours after sunrise, to control Arugula plant height. Eruca sativa Stage 4 – Plugs ready for transplanting or shipping (7 days) Myway • Soil temperature 55 to 60°F (13 to 15°C). Plug Production • Allow soil to dry thoroughly between irrigations. Stage 1 – Time of radicle emergence • Maintain soil pH at 5.5 to 5.8 and EC less (3 to 5 days) than 0.75 mmhos/cm. • Soil temperature 65 to 70°F (18 to 21°C). • Fertilize with 14-0-14, 15-5-15 or • Soil pH 5.5 to 5.8 and soluble salts (EC) calcium/potassium nitrate feed at less than 0.75 mmhos/cm (2:1 extraction). 100 to 150 ppm N as needed. • Arugula is very sensitive to high salts, particularly high ammonium, during germination.
44 800 879-BALL ballseed.com Vegetable GrowerFacts
• Keep ammonium levels to less than Controlling Height Growing On to Finish 10 ppm. • Once plants are rooted to the sides of Growth and development after the • Cover the seed with coarse vermiculite. the containers, they can be allowed to development of true leaves (3 to 5 weeks) wilt prior to irrigation to provide some Stage 2 – Stem and cotyledon Temperature emergence (4 to 7 days) height control. • Height can also be controlled by • Night: 60 to 65°F (15 to 18°C) • Soil temperature 62 to 65°F (17 to 18°C). • Day: 65 to 70°F (18 to 21°C) • Reduce moisture levels once radicle withholding fertilizer, especially emergence occurs. Allow the soil to dry phosphorous and ammonium-form Light out slightly before watering for best nitrogen. Maintain light levels as high as possible germination and rooting. • Arugula is responsive to day/night while maintaining moderate temperatures. • Keep soil pH to 5.5 to 5.8 and EC to temperature differential (DIF), and is Media less than 0.75 mmhos/cm. shorter with a negative DIF. Use a well-drained, disease-free soilless • Keep ammonium levels to less than • Chemical PGRs can not be used • medium with a medium initial nutrient 10 ppm. on most vegetables and herbs. charge and a pH of 5.8 to 6.2. • Begin fertilizing with 50 to 75 ppm Post-Production Care Allow the soil to dry thoroughly between N from 14‑0‑14, 15-5-15 or a • irrigations but avoid permanent wilting calcium/potassium nitrate feed once Optimum Temperature to promote root growth and control cotyledons are fully expanded. • Night: 62 to 65°F (17 to 18°C) shoot growth. • Alternate feed with clear water. • Day: 65 to 70°F (18 to 21°C) • Irrigate early in the day so foliage is dry • Arugula prefers cool temperatures; Fertilization by nightfall to prevent diseases. temperatures below 70°F (21°C) are • Increase feed to 100 to 150 ppm N from recommended during retail display. 20‑10‑20, alternating with 14‑0‑14, Stage 3 – Growth and development of • Optimum conditions may be difficult true leaves (10 to 14 days) 15-5-15 or other calcium/potassium to maintain, especially if plants are nitrate fertilizer. • Soil temperature 62 to 65°F (17 to 18°C). displayed outside. • Allow the soil to dry thoroughly between • Fertilize every 2 to 3 irrigations. irrigations but avoid permanent wilting Light • If using 15-0-15, supplement with to promote root growth and control Arugula grows best in full sun; however magnesium 1 to 2 times during this shoot growth. partial shading may be beneficial during stage, using magnesium sulfate • Maintain soil pH at 5.5 to 5.8 and retail display. (16 oz./100 gal.) or magnesium nitrate. EC less than 1.0 mmhos/cm. Do not mix magnesium sulfate with • Increase feed to 100 to 150 ppm N from Common Problems calcium nitrate as precipitate will form. 20‑10‑20 alternating with 14‑0‑14, Insects: Aphids, Arugula looper, Whitefly, • Maintain soil pH at 5.8 to 6.2. 15-5-15 or other calcium/potassium Stem borer, Fungus gnats Diseases: Pythium, Rhizoctonia Controlling Height nitrate fertilizer. • Use DIF whenever possible, especially • Fertilize every 2 to 3 irrigations. the first 2 hours after sunrise, to control • Supplement with magnesium 1 to 2 times plant height. during this stage, using magnesium • Height can also be controlled sulfate or magnesium nitrate. Do not mix Bean by withholding fertilizer, magnesium sulfate with calcium nitrate Phaseolus vulgaris especially phosphorous and as precipitate will form. ammonium-form nitrogen. • Use DIF whenever possible, for the Blue Lake Bush • Chemical PGRs can not be used on first 2 hours after sunrise, to control most vegetables and herbs. plant height. Blue Lake Pole Stage 4 – Plugs ready for transplanting Green ‘N Gold Mix II Post-Production Care or shipping (7 days) Direct Sow Optimum Temperature • Soil temperature 60 to 62°F (15 to 17°C). Night: 62 to 65°F (17 to 18°C) Sow seed directly into finish container. • • Allow soil to dry thoroughly • Day: 65 to 70°F (18 to 21°C) between irrigations. • Optimum conditions may be difficult Time of radicle emergence (2 to 4 days) • Maintain soil pH at 5.5 to 5.8 and to maintain, especially if plants are Soil temperature 72 to 75°F (22 to 24°C). EC less than 0.75 mmhos/cm. • displayed outside. • Fertilize with 14‑0‑14, 15-5-15 or • Keep media very moist, near saturation. calcium/potassium nitrate feed at • Seed are to be covered. Light 100 to 150 ppm N as needed. • Soil pH 5.8 to 6.2 and soluble salts (EC) Beans grow best in full sun; however to less than 0.75 mmhos/cm partial shading may be beneficial during Growing On to Finish (2:1 extraction). retail display. • Avoid high salts and particularly high Temperature ammonium during germination. Common Problems • Night: 50 to 60°F (10 to 15°C) • Keep ammonium levels less than 10 ppm. Insects: Whitefly, Spider mites • Day: 55 to 60°F (13 to 15°C) Diseases: Fungal diseases After stem and cotyledon emergence Light (7 days) Maintain light levels as high as possible • Soil temperature 65 to 70°F (18 to 21°C). while maintaining moderate temperatures. • Reduce moisture levels. Allow the soil Media to dry out slightly before watering for Use a well-drained, disease-free soilless best rooting. medium with a medium initial nutrient • Keep soil pH to 5.8 to 6.2 and EC to charge and a pH of 5.5 to 6.2. less than 0.75 mmhos/cm. • Begin fertilizing with 50 to 75 ppm Fertilization N from 14‑0‑14, 15-5-15 or a calcium/ • Fertilize every other irrigation with potassium nitrate feed once cotyledons 15-0-15 or 15-5-15 alternating with are fully expanded. 20-10-20 at 150 to 200 ppm nitrogen. • Alternate feed with clear water. • Maintain medium electrical • Irrigate early in the day so foliage is conductivity around 1.0 mmhos/cm dry by nightfall to prevent diseases. (using 1:2 extraction).
800 879-BALL ballseed.com 45 Vegetable GrowerFacts
Growing On to Finish • Brussels Sprouts are very sensitive to Broccoli Temperature high salts, particularly high ammonium, Brassica oleracea Botrytis group • Night: 50 to 60°F (10 to 15°C) during germination. • Day: 55 to 60°F (13 to 15°C) • Keep ammonium levels to less than Packman 10 ppm. Raab Zamboni Light • Cover the seed with coarse vermiculite. Maintain light levels as high as possible Stage 2 – Stem and cotyledon while maintaining moderate temperatures. Plug Production emergence (4 to 7 days) Soil temperature 62 to 65°F (17 to 18°C). Stage 1 – Time of radicle emergence Media • Reduce moisture levels once radicle (3 to 5 days) Use a well-drained, disease-free soilless • emergence occurs. Allow the soil to dry • Soil temperature 65 to 70°F (18 to 21°C). medium with a medium initial nutrient out slightly before watering for best • Soil pH 5.5 to 5.8 and soluble salts (EC) charge and a pH of 5.5 to 6.2. germination and rooting. less than 0.75 mmhos/cm (2:1 extraction). Fertilization • Keep soil pH to 5.5 to 5.8 and EC to less • Broccoli is very sensitive to high salts, • Fertilize every other irrigation with than 0.75 mmhos/cm. particularly high ammonium, during 15-0-15 or 15-5-15 alternating with Keep ammonium levels to less than germination. • 20-10-20 at 150 to 200 ppm nitrogen. 10 ppm. • Keep ammonium levels to less than • Maintain medium electrical Begin fertilizing with 50 to 75 ppm N 10 ppm. • conductivity around 1.0 mmhos/cm from 14‑0‑14, 15-5-15 or a calcium/ • Cover the seed with coarse vermiculite. (using 1:2 extraction). potassium nitrate feed once cotyledons Stage 2 – Stem and cotyledon are fully expanded. Controlling Height emergence (4 to 7 days) • Alternate feed with clear water. • Once plants are rooted to the sides of • Soil temperature 62 to 65°F (17 to 18°C). Irrigate early in the day so foliage is dry the containers, they can be allowed to • • Reduce moisture levels once radicle by nightfall to prevent diseases. wilt prior to irrigation to provide some emergence occurs. Allow the soil to dry height control. Stage 3 – Growth and development of out slightly before watering for best Height can also be controlled by true leaves (10 to 14 days) germination and rooting. • withholding fertilizer, especially • Soil temperature 62 to 65°F (17 to 18°C). • Keep soil pH to 5.5 to 5.8 and EC less phosphorous and ammonium-form Allow the soil to dry thoroughly between than 0.75 mmhos/cm. • nitrogen. irrigations but avoid permanent wilting • Keep ammonium levels to less than Broccoli is responsive to day/night to promote root growth and control 10 ppm. • temperature differential (DIF), and is shoot growth. • Begin fertilizing with 50 to 75 ppm shorter with a negative DIF. Maintain soil pH at 5.5 to 5.8 and EC N from 14‑0‑14, 15-5-15 or a • Chemical PGRs can not be used on less than 1.0 mmhos/cm. calcium/potassium nitrate feed once • most vegetables and herbs. Increase feed to 100 to 150 ppm N cotyledons are fully expanded. • from 20‑10‑20 alternating with 14‑0‑14, • Alternate feed with clear water. Post-Production Care 15-5-15 or other calcium/potassium • Irrigate early in the day so foliage is dry nitrate fertilizer. by nightfall to prevent diseases. Optimum Temperature • Night: 62 to 65°F (17 to 18°C) • Fertilize every 2 to 3 irrigations. Stage 3 – Growth and development of • Day: 65 to 70°F (18 to 21°C) • Supplement with magnesium 1 to 2 times true leaves (10 to 14 days) • Broccoli prefers cool temperatures; during this stage, using magnesium • Soil temperature 62 to 65°F (17 to 18°C). below 70°F (21°C) is recommended sulfate or magnesium nitrate. Do not mix • Allow the soil to dry thoroughly between during retail display. magnesium sulfate with calcium nitrate irrigations but avoid permanent wilting • Optimum conditions may be difficult as precipitate will form. to promote root growth and control to maintain, especially if plants are • Use DIF whenever possible, for the shoot growth. displayed outside. first 2 hours after sunrise, to control • Maintain soil pH at 5.5 to 5.8 and EC less plant height. than 1.0 mmhos/cm. Light Stage 4 – Plugs ready for transplanting • Increase feed to 100 to 150 ppm N from Broccoli grows best in full sun; however or shipping (7 days) 20‑10‑20 alternating with 14‑0‑14, partial shading may be beneficial during Soil temperature 60 to 62°F (16 to 17°C). 15-5-15 or other calcium/potassium retail display. • Allow soil to dry thoroughly between nitrate fertilizer. • Common Problems irrigations. • Fertilize every 2 to 3 irrigations. Insects: Aphids, Cabbage looper, Whitefly, • Maintain soil pH at 5.5 to 5.8 and EC to • Supplement with magnesium 1 to 2 times less than 0.75 mmhos/cm. during this stage, using magnesium Stem borer, Fungus gnats Fertilize with 14‑0‑14, 15-5-15 or calcium/ sulfate or magnesium nitrate. Do not mix Diseases: Pythium, Rhizoctonia • potassium nitrate feed at 100 to 150 ppm magnesium sulfate with calcium nitrate N as needed. as precipitate will form. • Use DIF whenever possible, for the Growing On to Finish first 2 hours after sunrise, to control plant height. Brussels Temperature • Night: 50 to 60°F (10 to 15°C) Stage 4 – Plugs ready for transplanting Sprouts • Day: 55 to 60°F (13 to 15°C) or shipping (7 days) Brassica oleracea Gemmifera group • Soil temperature 60 to 62°F (15 to 17°C). Light • Allow soil to dry thoroughly between Franklin Maintain light levels as high as possible irrigations. Royal Marvel while maintaining moderate temperatures. • Maintain soil pH at 5.5 to 5.8 and EC less Media than 0.75 mmhos/cm. Plug Production Use a well-drained, disease-free soilless • Fertilize with 14‑0‑14, 15-5-15 or calcium/ medium with a medium initial nutrient potassium nitrate feed at 100 to 150 ppm Stage 1 – Time of radicle emergence charge and a pH of 5.5 to 6.2. N as needed. (3 to 5 days) • Soil temperature 65 to 70°F (18 to 21°C). Fertilization • Soil pH 5.5 to 5.8 and soluble salts (EC) • Fertilize every other irrigation with less than 0.75 mmhos/cm (2:1 extraction). 15-0-15 or 15-5-15 alternating with 20-10-20 at 150 to 200 ppm nitrogen. 46 800 879-BALL ballseed.com Vegetable GrowerFacts
• Maintain medium electrical • Begin fertilizing with 50 to 75 ppm N Post-Production Care conductivity around 1.0 mmhos/cm from 14‑0‑14, 15-5-15 or a calcium/ Optimum Temperature (using 1:2 extraction). potassium nitrate feed once cotyledons • Night: 62 to 65°F (17 to 18°C) are fully expanded. • Day: 65 to 70°F (18 to 21°C) Controlling Height • Alternate feed with clear water. • Once plants are rooted to the sides of • Cabbage prefers cool temperatures; • Irrigate early in the day so foliage is dry temperatures below 70°F (21°C) are the containers, they can be allowed to by nightfall to prevent diseases. wilt prior to irrigation to provide some recommended during retail display. height control. Stage 3 – Growth and development of • Optimum conditions may be difficult • Height can also be controlled by true leaves (10 to 14 days) to maintain, especially if plants are withholding fertilizer, especially • Soil temperature 62 to 65°F (17 to 18°C). displayed outside. phosphorous and ammonium-form • Allow the soil to dry thoroughly between irrigations but avoid permanent wilting Light nitrogen. Cabbage grows best in full sun; however • Brussels Sprouts are responsive to to promote root growth and control shoot growth. partial shading may be beneficial during day/night temperature differential (DIF), retail display. and are shorter with a negative DIF. • Maintain soil pH at 5.5 to 5.8 and EC less • Chemical PGRs can not be used on than 1.0 mmhos/cm. Common Problems most vegetables and herbs. • Increase feed to 100 to 150 ppm N from Insects: Aphids, Cabbage looper, Whitefly, 20‑10‑20 alternating with 14‑0‑14, Stem borer, Fungus gnats Post-Production Care 15-5-15 or other calcium/potassium Diseases: Pythium, Rhizoctonia Optimum Temperature nitrate fertilizer. • Night: 62 to 65°F (17 to 18°C) • Fertilize every 2 to 3 irrigations. • Day: 65 to 70°F (18 to 21°C) • Supplement with magnesium 1 to 2 times • Brussels Sprouts prefer cool during this stage, using magnesium Cauliflower temperatures; temperatures below sulfate or magnesium nitrate. Do not mix 70°F (21°C) are recommended during magnesium sulfate with calcium nitrate Brassica oleracea Botrytis group retail display. as precipitate will form. Use DIF whenever possible, for the Amazing • Optimum conditions may be difficult • to maintain, especially if plants are first 2 hours after sunrise, to control Cheddar plant height. displayed outside. Romanesco Veronica Stage 4 – Plugs ready for transplanting Light or shipping (7 days) Snow Crown Brussels Sprouts grow best in full sun; • Soil temperature 60 to 62°F (16 to 17°C). Plug Production however partial shading may be beneficial • Allow soil to dry thoroughly between during retail display. irrigations. Stage 1 – Time of radicle emergence (3 to 5 days) Common Problems • Maintain soil pH at 5.5 to 5.8 and EC less Soil temperature 65 to 70°F (18 to 21°C). Insects: Aphids, Cabbage looper, Whitefly, than 0.75 mmhos/cm. • Soil pH 5.5 to 5.8 and soluble salts (EC) Stem borer, Fungus gnats • Fertilize with 14‑0‑14, 15-5-15 or calcium/ • less than 0.75 mmhos/cm (2:1 extraction). Diseases: Pythium, Rhizoctonia potassium nitrate feed at 100 to 150 ppm N as needed. • Cauliflower is very sensitive to high salts, particularly high ammonium, Growing On to Finish during germination. Temperature • Keep ammonium levels to less than Cabbage • Night: 50 to 60°F (10 to 15°C) 10 ppm. Brassica oleracea Capitata group • Day: 55 to 60°F (13 to 15°C) • Cover the seed with coarse vermiculite. Stage 2 – Stem and cotyledon Big Flat Head Light emergence (4 to 7 days) Fast Vantage Maintain light levels as high as possible • Soil temperature 62 to 65°F (17 to 18°C). while maintaining moderate temperatures. Pacifica • Reduce moisture levels once radicle Media emergence occurs. Allow the soil to dry Plug Production Use a well-drained, disease-free soilless out slightly before watering for best medium with a medium initial nutrient germination and rooting. Stage 1 – Time of radicle emergence charge and a pH of 5.5 to 6.2. • Keep soil pH to 5.5 to 5.8 and EC to less (3 to 5 days) than 0.75 mmhos/cm. • Soil temperature 65 to 70°F (18 to 21°C). Fertilization • Keep ammonium levels to less than • Soil pH 5.5 to 5.8 and soluble salts (EC) • Fertilize every other irrigation with 10 ppm. less than 0.75 mmhos/cm (2:1 extraction). 15-0-15 or 15-5-15 alternating with • Begin fertilizing with 50 to 75 ppm N • Cabbage is very sensitive to high salts, 20-10-20 at 150 to 200 ppm nitrogen. from 14‑0‑14, 15-5-15 or a calcium/ particularly high ammonium, during • Maintain medium electrical potassium nitrate feed once cotyledons germination. conductivity around 1.0 mmhos/cm are fully expanded. • Keep ammonium levels to less than (using 1:2 extraction). • Alternate feed with clear water. 10 ppm. • Irrigate early in the day so foliage is dry Controlling Height • Cover the seed with coarse vermiculite. by nightfall to prevent diseases. • Once plants are rooted to the sides of Stage 2 – Stem and cotyledon the containers, they can be allowed to Stage 3 – Growth and development of emergence (4 to 7 days) wilt prior to irrigation to provide some true leaves (10 to 14 days) • Soil temperature 62 to 65°F (17 to 18°C). height control. • Soil temperature 62 to 65°F (17 to 18°C). • Reduce moisture levels once radicle • Height can also be controlled by • Allow the soil to dry thoroughly between emergence occurs. Allow the soil to dry withholding fertilizer, especially irrigations but avoid permanent wilting out slightly before watering for best phosphorous and ammonium-form to promote root growth and control germination and rooting. nitrogen. shoot growth. • Keep soil pH to 5.5 to 5.8 and EC to • Cabbage is responsive to day/night • Maintain soil pH at 5.5 to 5.8 and EC less less than 0.75 mmhos/cm. temperature differential (DIF), and is than 1.0 mmhos/cm. • Keep ammonium levels to less than shorter with a negative DIF. 10 ppm. • Chemical PGRs can not be used on most vegetables and herbs. 800 879-BALL ballseed.com 47 Vegetable GrowerFacts
CAULIFLOWER continued Light • Fertilize with 14-0-14, 15-5-15 or calcium/ Cauliflower grows best in full sun; however potassium nitrate feed at 100 to 150 ppm • Increase feed to 100 to 150 ppm N from partial shading may be beneficial during N as needed. 20‑10‑20 alternating with 14‑0‑14, retail display. GROWING ON TO FINISH 15-5-15 or other calcium/potassium Common Problems nitrate fertilizer. Insects: Aphids, Cauliflower looper, Temperature • Fertilize every 2 to 3 irrigations. Whitefly, Stem borer, Fungus gnats • Night: 58 to 60°F (14 to 15°C) • Supplement with magnesium 1 to 2 times Diseases: Pythium, Rhizoctonia • Day: 60 to 65°F (15 to 18°C) during this stage, using magnesium sulfate or magnesium nitrate. Do not mix Light magnesium sulfate with calcium nitrate Maintain light levels as high as possible as precipitate will form. while maintaining moderate temperatures. • Use DIF whenever possible, for the CELERY Media first 2 hours after sunrise, to control Apium graveolens var. dulce Use a well-drained, disease-free soilless plant height. medium with a medium initial nutrient Stage 4 – Plugs ready for transplanting Tango charge and a pH of 5.5 to 6.2. or shipping (7 days) PLUG PRODUCTION Fertilization • Soil temperature 60 to 62°F (16 to 17°C). Stage 1 – Time of radicle emergence • Fertilize every other irrigation with • Allow soil to dry thoroughly between 15-0-15 or 15-5-15 alternating with irrigations. (8 to 10 days) • Soil temperature 70 to 72°F (21 to 22°C). 20-10-20 at 150 to 200 ppm nitrogen. • Maintain soil pH at 5.5 to 5.8 and EC less • Maintain medium electrical than 0.75 mmhos/cm. • Soil pH 5.5 to 5.8 and soluble salts (EC) less than 0.75 mmhos/cm (2:1 extraction). conductivity around 1.0 mmhos/cm • Fertilize with 14‑0‑14, 15-5-15 or calcium/ (using 1:2 extraction). potassium nitrate feed at 100 to 150 ppm • Celery is very sensitive to high salts, N as needed. particularly high ammonium, during Controlling Height germination. • Once plants are rooted to the sides of Growing On to Finish • Keep ammonium levels to less than the containers, they can be allowed to Temperature 10 ppm. wilt prior to irrigation to provide some • Night: 50 to 60°F (10 to 15°C) • Cover the seed with coarse vermiculite. height control. • Day: 55 to 60°F (13 to 15°C) Stage 2 – Stem and cotyledon • Height can also be controlled by emergence (7 to 10 days) withholding fertilizer, especially Light • Soil temperature 62 to 65°F (17 to 18°C). phosphorous and ammonium-form Maintain light levels as high as possible • Reduce moisture levels once radicle nitrogen. while maintaining moderate temperatures. emergence occurs. Allow the soil to dry • Chemical PGRs can not be used on Media out slightly before watering for best most vegetables and herbs. Use a well-drained, disease-free soilless germination and rooting. POST-PRODUCTION CARE medium with a medium initial nutrient • Keep soil pH to 5.5 to 5.8 and EC less charge and a pH of 5.5 to 6.2. than 0.75 mmhos/cm. Optimum Temperature • Keep ammonium levels to less than • Night: 62 to 65°F (17 to 18°C) Fertilization 10 ppm. • Day: 65 to 70°F (18 to 21°C) • Fertilize every other irrigation with • Begin fertilizing with 50 to 75 ppm • Celery prefers cool temperatures; 15-0-15 or 15-5-15 alternating with N from 14-0-14, 15-5-15 or a calcium/ temperatures below 70°F (21°C) are 20-10-20 at 150 to 200 ppm nitrogen. potassium nitrate feed once cotyledons recommended during retail display. • Maintain medium electrical are fully expanded. • Optimum conditions may be difficult conductivity around 1.0 mmhos/cm • Alternate feed with clear water. to maintain, especially if plants are (using 1:2 extraction). • Irrigate early in the day so foliage is dry displayed outside. by nightfall to prevent diseases. Controlling Height Light • Once plants are rooted to the sides of Stage 3 – Growth and development of Celery grows best in full sun; however the containers, they can be allowed to true leaves (10 to 14 days) partial shading may be beneficial during wilt prior to irrigation to provide some • Soil temperature 62 to 65°F (17 to 18°C). retail display. height control. • Allow the soil to dry thoroughly between • Height can also be controlled by irrigations but avoid permanent wilting Common Problems withholding fertilizer, especially to promote root growth and control Insects: Aphids, Whitefly, Fungus gnats phosphorous and ammonium-form shoot growth. Diseases: Pythium, Rhizoctonia nitrogen. • Maintain soil pH at 5.5 to 5.8 and EC less • Cauliflower is responsive to day/night than 1.0 mmhos/cm. temperature differential (DIF), and is • Increase feed to 100 to 150 ppm N shorter with a negative DIF. from 20 10 20 alternating with 14 0 14, Collards • Chemical PGRs can not be used on 15-5-15 or other calcium/potassium most vegetables and herbs. nitrate fertilizer. Brassica oleracea Acephala group • Fertilize every 2 to 3 irrigations. Georgia Post-Production Care • Supplement with magnesium 1 to 2 times Optimum Temperature during this stage, using magnesium Plug Production Night: 62 to 65°F (17 to 18°C) sulfate or magnesium nitrate. Do not mix • Stage 1 – Time of radicle emergence Day: 65 to 70°F (18 to 21°C) magnesium sulfate with calcium nitrate • (3 to 5 days) Cauliflower prefers cool temperatures; as precipitate will form. • Soil temperature 65 to 70°F (18 to 21°C). temperatures below 70°F (21°C) are • Stage 4 – Plugs ready for transplanting Soil pH 5.5 to 5.8 and soluble salts (EC) recommended during retail display. • or shipping (7 days) less than 0.75 mmhos/cm (2:1 extraction). Optimum conditions may be difficult • • Soil temperature 60 to 62°F (16 to 17°C). Collards are very sensitive to high salts, to maintain, especially if plants are • • Allow soil to dry thoroughly between particularly high ammonium, during displayed outside. irrigations. germination. • Maintain soil pH at 5.5 to 5.8 and EC less than 0.75 mmhos/cm.
48 800 879-BALL ballseed.com Vegetable GrowerFacts
• Keep ammonium levels to less than Controlling Height • Keep soil pH to 5.8 to 6.2 and EC to less 10 ppm. • Once plants are rooted to the sides of than 0.75 mmhos/cm. • Cover the seed with coarse vermiculite. the containers, they can be allowed to • Begin fertilizing with 50 to 75 ppm N Stage 2 – Stem and cotyledon wilt prior to irrigation to provide some from 14‑0‑14 or 15-5-15 or a calcium/ emergence (4 to 7 days) height control. potassium nitrate feed once cotyledons Height can also be controlled by are fully expanded. • Soil temperature 62 to 65°F (17 to 18°C). • withholding fertilizer, especially Alternate feed with clear water. • Reduce moisture levels once radicle • emergence occurs. Allow the soil to dry phosphorous and ammonium-form • Irrigate early in the day so foliage is dry out slightly before watering for best nitrogen. by nightfall to prevent diseases. • Collards are responsive to day/night germination and rooting. Growing On to Finish Keep soil pH to 5.5 to 5.8 and EC to less temperature differential (DIF), and are • Growth and development after the than 0.75 mmhos/cm. shorter with a negative DIF. Chemical PGRs can not be used on development of true leaves (3 to 5 weeks) • Keep ammonium levels to less than • most vegetables and herbs. 10 ppm. Temperature • Begin fertilizing with 50 to 75 ppm N Post-Production Care • Night: 60 to 65°F (16 to 18°C) from 14‑0‑14, 15-5-15 or a calcium/ • Day: 65 to 70°F (18 to 21°C) potassium nitrate feed once cotyledons Optimum Temperature • Allow the soil to dry thoroughly between are fully expanded. • Night: 62 to 65°F (17 to 18°C) irrigations but avoid permanent wilting • Alternate feed with clear water. • Day: 65 to 70°F (18 to 21°C) to promote root growth and control • Irrigate early in the day so foliage is dry • Collards prefer cool temperatures; shoot growth. by nightfall to prevent diseases. temperatures below 70°F (21°C) are recommended during retail display. Light Stage 3 – Growth and development of • Optimum conditions may be difficult Maintain light levels as high as possible true leaves (10 to 14 days) to maintain, especially if plants are while maintaining moderate temperatures. • Soil temperature 62 to 65°F (17 to 18°C). displayed outside. • Allow the soil to dry thoroughly between Media irrigations but avoid permanent wilting Light Use a well-drained, disease-free soilless to promote root growth and control Collards grow best in full sun; however medium with a medium initial nutrient shoot growth. partial shading may be beneficial during charge and a pH of 5.8 to 6.2. • Maintain soil pH at 5.5 to 5.8 and EC less retail display. than 1.0 mmhos/cm. Fertilization Increase feed to 100 to 150 ppm N from • Increase feed to 100 to 150 ppm N from Common Problems • 20‑10‑20 alternating with 14‑0‑14, Insects: Aphids, Cabbage looper, Whitefly, 20‑10‑20 alternating with 14‑0‑14 or 15-5-15 or other calcium/potassium Stem borer, Fungus gnats 15-5-15 or other calcium/potassium nitrate fertilizer. Diseases: Pythium, Rhizoctonia nitrate fertilizer. Fertilize every 2 to 3 irrigations. • Fertilize every 2 to 3 irrigations. • If using 15-0-15, supplement with • Supplement with magnesium 1 to 2 times • during this stage, using magnesium magnesium 1 to 2 times during this stage, sulfate or magnesium nitrate. Do not mix using magnesium sulfate (16 oz./100 Cucumber gal.) or magnesium nitrate. Do not mix magnesium sulfate with calcium nitrate Cucumis sativus as precipitate will form. magnesium sulfate with calcium nitrate as precipitate will form. • Use DIF whenever possible, for the BOOST ‘Gold Standard’ • Maintain soil pH at 5.8 to 6.2. first 2 hours after sunrise, to control A Burpee Home Gardens® Exclusive. plant height. Burpee Hybrid II Controlling Height Stage 4 – Plugs ready for transplanting • Use DIF whenever possible, especially or shipping (7 days) Burpless No. 26 the first 2 hours after sunrise, to control • Soil temperature 60 to 62°F (16 to 17°C). Bush Champion plant height. • Allow soil to dry thoroughly between A Burpee Home Gardens® Exclusive. • Height can also be controlled by irrigations. withholding fertilizer, especially • Maintain soil pH at 5.5 to 5.8 and EC less Homemade Pickles phosphorous and ammonium-form than 0.75 mmhos/cm. ‘Patio Snacker’ nitrogen. • Fertilize with 14‑0‑14, 15-5-15 or • Chemical PGRs can not be used on calcium/potassium nitrate feed at Pickalot Hybrid most vegetables and herbs. A Burpee Home Gardens® Exclusive. 100 to 150 ppm N as needed. Direct Sow Post-Production Care Growing On to Finish Sow seed directly into finish container. Optimum Temperature Temperature • Night: 62 to 65°F (17 to 18°C) • Night: 50 to 60°F (10 to 15°C) Time of radicle emergence (2 to 4 days) • Day: 65 to 70°F (18 to 21°C) • Day: 55 to 60°F (13 to 15°C) • Soil temperature 70 to 75°F (21 to 24°C). • Optimum conditions may be difficult to maintain, especially if plants are Light • Keep media very moist, near saturation. displayed outside. Maintain light levels as high as possible • Seed are to be covered. • Soil pH 5.8 to 6.2 and soluble salts while maintaining moderate temperatures. Light (EC) to less than 0.75 mmhos/cm Cucumbers grow best in full sun; Media (2:1 extraction). however partial shading may be Use a well-drained, disease-free soilless • Avoid high salts and particularly high beneficial during retail display. medium with a medium initial nutrient ammonium during germination. charge and a pH of 5.5 to 6.2. • Keep ammonium levels to less than Common Problems 10 ppm. Insects: Whitefly, Spider mites Fertilization Diseases: Fungal diseases • Fertilize every other irrigation with After stem and cotyledon emergence 15-0-15 or 15-5-15 alternating with (7 days) 20-10-20 at 150 to 200 ppm nitrogen. • Soil temperature 65 to 70°F (18 to 21°C). • Maintain medium electrical • Reduce moisture levels. Allow the soil conductivity around 1.0 mmhos/cm to dry out slightly before watering for (using 1:2 extraction). best rooting.
800 879-BALL ballseed.com 49 Vegetable GrowerFacts
Stage 4 – Plugs ready for transplanting Eggplant or shipping (7 days) FENNEL Solanum melongena • Soil temperature 60 to 62°F (16 to 17°C). Foeniculum vulgare • Allow soil to dry thoroughly between Burpee Hybrid irrigations. Orion A Burpee Home Gardens® Exclusive. • Maintain soil pH at 5.5 to 5.8 and EC less Pot Black than 0.75 mmhos/cm. PLUG PRODUCTION • Fertilize with 14‑0‑14 or 15-5-15 or Stage 1 – Time of radicle emergence Purple Blaze calcium/potassium nitrate feed at ® (5 to 7 days) A Burpee Home Gardens Exclusive. 100 to 150 ppm N as needed. • Soil temperature 70 to 72°F (21 to 22°C). White Star Hybrid Growing On to Finish • Soil pH 5.5 to 5.8 and soluble salts (EC) A Burpee Home Gardens® Exclusive. less than 0.75 mmhos/cm (2:1 extraction). Temperature • Fennel is very sensitive to high salts, Plug Production • Night: 55 to 65°F (13 to 18°C) particularly high ammonium, during Stage 1 – Time of radicle emergence • Day: 60 to 70 °F (15 to 21°C) germination. (3 to 6 days) Light • Keep ammonium levels to less than Soil temperature 70 to 75°F (21 to 24°C). • Maintain light levels as high as possible 10 ppm. Keep media evenly moist but not • while maintaining moderate temperatures. • Cover the seed with coarse vermiculite. saturated. Stage 2 – Stem and cotyledon Cover the seed lightly with coarse • Media emergence (7 to 10 days) vermiculite. Use a well-drained, disease-free soilless • Soil temperature 62 to 65°F (17 to 18°C). Soil pH 5.5 to 5.8 and soluble salts (EC) • medium with a medium initial nutrient • Reduce moisture levels once radicle less than 0.5 mmhos/cm (2:1 extraction). charge and a pH of 5.5 to 6.2. emergence occurs. Allow the soil to dry Eggplant is very sensitive to high salts, • out slightly before watering for best particularly high ammonium, during Fertilization germination and rooting. germination. • Fertilize every other irrigation with • Keep soil pH to 5.5 to 5.8 and EC to less Keep ammonium levels to less than 15-0-15 or 15-5-15 alternating with • than 0.75 mmhos/cm. 10 ppm. 20-10-20 at 150 to 200 ppm nitrogen. • Maintain medium electrical • Keep ammonium levels to less than Stage 2 – Stem and cotyledon conductivity around 1.0 mmhos/cm 10 ppm. emergence (7 to 10 days) (using 1:2 extraction). • Begin fertilizing with 50 to 75 ppm • Soil temperature 70 to 75°F (21 to 24°C). N from 14-0-14, 15-5-15 or a calcium/ • Reduce moisture levels once radicle Controlling Height potassium nitrate feed once cotyledons emergence occurs. Allow the soil to dry • Once plants are rooted to the sides of are fully expanded. out slightly before watering for best the containers, they can be allowed to • Alternate feed with clear water. germination and rooting. wilt prior to irrigation to provide some • Irrigate early in the day so foliage is dry • Keep soil pH to 5.5 to 5.8 and EC to less height control. by nightfall to prevent diseases. than 0.5 mmhos/cm. • Height can also be controlled by Stage 3 – Growth and development of Keep ammonium levels to less than withholding fertilizer, especially • true leaves (10 to 14 days) 10 ppm. phosphorous and ammonium-form • Soil temperature 62 to 65°F (17 to 18°C). Begin fertilizing with 50 to 75 ppm N nitrogen. • • Allow the soil to dry thoroughly between from 14‑0‑14 or 15-5-15 or a calcium/ • Eggplant is responsive to day/night irrigations but avoid permanent wilting potassium nitrate feed once cotyledons temperature differential (DIF), and is to promote root growth and control are fully expanded. shorter with a negative DIF. shoot growth. Alternate feed with clear water. • Although Sumagic is labeled for use on • • Maintain soil at pH 5.5 to 5.8 and EC less Irrigate early in the day so foliage is dry Eggplant, we do not recommend its use • than 1.0 mmhos/cm. by nightfall to prevent diseases. until the grower has at least trialed it on • Increase feed to 100 to 150 ppm N from a limited basis. Application rates, timing Stage 3 – Growth and development of 20-10-20 alternating with 14-0-14, and variety response may affect growth true leaves (10 to 14 days) 15-5-15 or other calcium/potassium for the home gardener. • Soil temperature 65 to 70°F (18 to 21°C). nitrate fertilizer. • Allow the soil to dry thoroughly between Post-Production Care • Fertilize every 2 to 3 irrigations. irrigations but avoid permanent wilting • Supplement with magnesium 1 to 2 times to promote root growth and control Optimum Temperature during this stage, using magnesium shoot growth. • Night: 55 to 65°F (13 to 18°C) sulfate or magnesium nitrate. Do not mix • Maintain soil pH at 5.5 to 5.8 and EC less • Day: 60 to 70°F (15 to 21°C) magnesium sulfate with calcium nitrate than 0.75 mmhos/cm. • Optimum conditions may be difficult as precipitate will form. • Increase feed to 100 to 150 ppm N from to maintain, especially if plants are • Use DIF whenever possible, especially 20-10‑20 alternating with 14‑0‑14, displayed outside. the first 2 hours after sunrise, to control 15-5-15 or other calcium/potassium Light plant height. nitrate fertilizer. Eggplant prefers full sun; however Stage 4 – Plugs ready for transplanting Fertilize every 2 to 3 irrigations. • partial shading may be beneficial during or shipping (7 days) If using 15-0-15, supplement with • retail display. • Soil temperature 55 to 60°F (13 to 15°C). magnesium 1 to 2 times during this • Allow soil to dry thoroughly between stage, using magnesium sulfate Common Problems irrigations. (16 oz./100 gal.) or magnesium nitrate. Insects: Aphids, Thrips, Whitefly • Maintain soil pH at 5.5 to 5.8 and EC less Do not mix magnesium sulfate with Diseases: Botrytis, Pythium than 0.75 mmhos/cm. calcium nitrate as precipitate will form. • Fertilize with 14-0-14, 15-5-15 or calcium/ Use DIF whenever possible, for the • potassium nitrate feed at 100 to 150 ppm first 2 hours after sunrise, to control N as needed. plant height.
50 800 879-BALL ballseed.com Vegetable GrowerFacts
GROWING ON TO FINISH Stage 2 – Stem and cotyledon Controlling Height Temperature emergence (4 to 7 days) • Once plants are rooted to the sides of • Night: 55 to 60°F (13 to 15°C) • Soil temperature 62 to 65°F (17 to 18°C). the containers, they can be allowed to • Day: 55 to 65°F (13 to 18°C) • Reduce moisture levels once radicle wilt prior to irrigation to provide some emergence occurs. Allow the soil to dry height control. Light out slightly before watering for best • Height can also be controlled by Maintain light levels as high as possible germination and rooting. withholding fertilizer, especially while maintaining moderate temperatures. • Keep soil pH to 5.5 to 5.8 and EC to less phosphorous and ammonium-form than 0.75 mmhos/cm. nitrogen. Media • Keep ammonium levels to less than • Kohlrabi is responsive to day/night Use a well-drained, disease-free soilless 10 ppm. temperature differential (DIF), and is medium with a medium initial nutrient • Begin fertilizing with 50 to 75 ppm shorter with a negative DIF. charge and a pH of 5.5 to 6.2. N from 14-0-14, 15-5-15 or a calcium/ • Chemical PGRs can not be used on Fertilization potassium nitrate feed once cotyledons most vegetables and herbs. • Fertilize every other irrigation with are fully expanded. 15-0-15 or 15-5-15 alternating with • Alternate feed with clear water. POST-PRODUCTION CARE 20-10-20 at 150 to 200 ppm nitrogen. • Irrigate early in the day so foliage is dry Optimum Temperature • Maintain medium electrical by nightfall to prevent diseases. • Night: 62 to 65°F (17 to 18°C) conductivity around 1.0 mmhos/cm Stage 3 – Growth and development of • Day: 65 to 70°F (18 to 21°C) (using 1:2 extraction). true leaves (10 to 14 days) • Kohlrabi prefers cool temperatures; • Soil temperature 62 to 65°F (17 to 18°C). temperatures below 70°F (21°C) are Controlling Height • Allow the soil to dry thoroughly between recommended during retail display. • Once plants are rooted to the sides of irrigations but avoid permanent wilting • Optimum conditions may be difficult the containers, they can be allowed to to promote root growth and control to maintain, especially if plants are wilt prior to irrigation to provide some shoot growth. displayed outside. height control. • Maintain soil pH at 5.5 to 5.8 and EC • Height can also be controlled by Light less than 1.0 mmhos/cm. withholding fertilizer, especially Kohlrabi grows best in full sun; however • Increase feed to 100 to 150 ppm N phosphorous and ammonium-form partial shading may be beneficial during from 20-10-20 alternating with 14-0-14, nitrogen. retail display. 15-5-15 or other calcium/potassium • Fennel is responsive to day/night nitrate fertilizer. temperature differential (DIF), and is Common Problems • Fertilize every 2 to 3 irrigations. shorter with a negative DIF. Insects: Aphids, Cabbage looper, Whitefly, • Supplement with magnesium 1 to 2 times • Chemical PGRs can not be used on Stem borer, Fungus gnats during this stage, using magnesium most vegetables and herbs. Diseases: Pythium, Rhizoctonia, Fusarium sulfate or magnesium nitrate. Do not mix POST-PRODUCTION CARE magnesium sulfate with calcium nitrate as precipitate will form. Optimum Temperature • Use DIF whenever possible, especially • Night: 62 to 65°F (17 to 18°C) the first 2 hours after sunrise, to control Lettuce & Greens • Day: 65 to 70°F (18 to 21°C) plant height. Lactuca sativa • Fennel prefers cool temperatures; temperatures below 70°F (21°C) are Stage 4 – Plugs ready for transplanting Burpee Bibb recommended during retail display. or shipping (7 days) A Burpee Home Gardens® Exclusive. • Optimum conditions may be difficult • Soil temperature 60 to 62°F (15 to 17°C). Buttercrunch to maintain, especially if plants are • Allow soil to dry thoroughly between displayed outside. irrigations. Little Caesar • Maintain soil pH at 5.5 to 5.8 and EC less A Burpee Home Gardens® Exclusive. Light than 0.75 mmhos/cm. Fennel grows best in full sun; however • Fertilize with 14-0-14, 15-5-15 or calcium/ Lettuce Blends partial shading may be beneficial during potassium nitrate feed at 100 to 150 ppm Gourmet Blend retail display. N as needed. A Burpee Home Gardens® Exclusive. Common Problems GROWING ON TO FINISH Heatwave Blend Insects: Aphids, Whitefly, Fungus gnats A Burpee Home Gardens® Exclusive. Diseases: Pythium, Rhizoctonia Temperature • Night: 50 to 60°F (10 to 15°C) Multi-species, Multi-Pellet Mixes • Day: 55 to 60°F (13 to 15°C) Alfresco Mix Light City Garden Mix KOHLRABI Maintain light levels as high as possible Global Gourmet Mix while maintaining moderate temperatures. Brassica oleracea Gongylodes group Media Salad Mix Quickstar Use a well-drained, disease-free soilless BOOST Healing Hands medium with a medium initial nutrient A Burpee Home Gardens® Exclusive. PLUG PRODUCTION charge and a pH of 5.5 to 6.2. Plug Production Stage 1 – Time of radicle emergence Fertilization Note: Direct sowing seed into the finish (3 to 5 days) container is an alternative. • Soil temperature 65 to 70°F (18 to 21°C). • Fertilize every other irrigation with 15-0-15 or 15-5-15 alternating with • Soil pH 5.5 to 5.8 and soluble salts (EC) Stage 1 – Time of radicle emergence less than 0.75 mmhos/cm (2:1 extraction). 20-10-20 at 150 to 200 ppm nitrogen. • Maintain medium electrical (3 to 5 days) • Kohlrabi is very sensitive to high salts, • Soil temperature 65 to 70°F (18 to 21°C). particularly high ammonium, during conductivity around 1.0 mmhos/cm (using 1:2 extraction). • Keep media very moist, near saturation. germination. • Cover the seed very lightly with • Keep ammonium levels to less than vermiculite or no covering. 10 ppm. • Light at 100 to 400 foot-candles may be • Cover the seed with coarse vermiculite. beneficial for germination. 800 879-BALL ballseed.com 51 Vegetable GrowerFacts
LETTUCE & Greens continued Media After stem and cotyledon emergence Use a well-drained, disease-free soilless (7 days) • Soil pH 5.5 to 5.8 and soluble salts medium with a medium initial nutrient • Soil temperature 65 to 70°F (18 to 21°C). (EC) less than 0.50 mmhos/cm charge and a pH of 5.5 to 6.2. • Reduce moisture levels. Allow the soil to dry out slightly before watering for (2:1 extraction). Fertilization Lettuce is very sensitive to high salts, best rooting. • • Fertilize every other irrigation with particularly high ammonium, during • Keep soil pH to 5.8 to 6.2 and EC to less 15-0-15 or 15-5-15 alternating with than 0.75 mmhos/cm. germination. 20-10-20 at 150 to 200 ppm nitrogen. Keep ammonium levels to less than • Begin fertilizing with 50 to 75 ppm • • Maintain medium electrical 10 ppm. N from 14‑0‑14, 15-5-15 or a calcium/ conductivity around 1.0 memos/cm potassium nitrate feed once cotyledons Stage 2 – Stem and cotyledon (using 1:2 extraction). are fully expanded. emergence (5 to 7 days) Controlling Height • Alternate feed with clear water. • Soil temperature 65 to 70°F (18 to 21°C). • Once plants are rooted to the sides of • Irrigate early in the day so foliage is dry • Reduce moisture levels once radicle by nightfall to prevent diseases. emergence occurs. Allow the soil to dry the containers, they can be allowed to wilt prior to irrigation to provide some out slightly before watering for best Growing On to Finish germination and rooting. height control. • Height can also be controlled by Growth and development after the • Keep soil pH to 5.5 to 5.8 and EC to less development of true leaves (4 to 5 weeks) than 0.50 mmhos/cm. withholding fertilizer, especially phosphorous and ammonium-form • Keep ammonium levels to less than Temperature 10 ppm. nitrogen. • Night: 65 to 70°F (18 to 21°C) Lettuce is responsive to day/night • Begin fertilizing with 50 to 75 ppm N • • Day: 68 to 75°F (20 to 24°C) from 14‑0‑14 or 15-5-15 or a calcium/ temperature differential (DIF), and is • Allow the soil to dry thoroughly between potassium nitrate feed once cotyledons shorter with a negative DIF. irrigations but avoid permanent wilting are fully expanded. • Chemical PGRs can not be used on to promote root growth and control most vegetables and herbs. • Alternate feed with clear water. shoot growth. Irrigate early in the day so foliage is dry • Post-Production Care Light by nightfall to prevent diseases. Optimum Temperature Maintain light levels as high as possible Stage 3 – Growth and development • Night: 50 to 55°F (10 to 13°C) while maintaining moderate temperatures. of true leaves (7 days) • Day: 55 to 58°F (13 to 14°C) Soil temperature 62 to 65°F (17 to 18°C). Media • • Optimum conditions may be difficult • Allow the soil to dry thoroughly between Use a well-drained, disease-free soilless to maintain, especially if plants are medium with a medium initial nutrient irrigations but avoid permanent wilting displayed outside. to promote root growth and control charge and a pH of 5.8 to 6.2. shoot growth. Light Fertilization • Maintain soil pH at 5.5 to 5.8 and EC less Lettuce prefers full sun; however partial • Increase feed to 100 to 150 ppm N from than 0.75 mmhos/cm. shading may be beneficial during retail 20‑10‑20 alternating with 14‑0‑14 or • Increase feed to 100 to 150 ppm N from display. 15-5-15 or other calcium/potassium 20‑10‑20 alternating with 14‑0‑14, Common Problems nitrate fertilizer. 15-5-15 or other calcium/potassium • Fertilize every 2 to 3 irrigations. nitrate fertilizer. Insects: Aphids Diseases: Botrytis, Pythium, Rhizoctonia • If using 15-0-15, supplement with • Fertilize every 2 to 3 irrigations. magnesium 1 to 2 times during this • If using 15-0-15, supplement with stage, using magnesium sulfate magnesium 1 to 2 times during this (16 oz./100 gal.) or magnesium nitrate. stage, using magnesium sulfate Do not mix magnesium sulfate with (16 oz./100 gal.) or magnesium nitrate. Melon calcium nitrate as precipitate will form. Do not mix magnesium sulfate with Cucumis melo • Maintain soil pH at 5.8 to 6.2. calcium nitrate as precipitate will form. • Use DIF whenever possible, for the Ambrosia Controlling Height first 2 hours after sunrise, to control • Use DIF whenever possible, especially plant height. Doral the first 2 hours after sunrise, to control • Growth regulators cannot be used Sugar Cube plant height. on lettuce. A Burpee Home Gardens® Exclusive. • Height can also be controlled by withholding fertilizer, especially Stage 4 – Plugs ready for transplanting Twice As Nice phosphorous and ammonium-form or shipping (5 to 7 days) ® A Burpee Home Gardens Exclusive. nitrogen. • Soil temperature 60 to 62°F (15 to 17°C). • Chemical PGRs can not be used on • Allow soil to dry thoroughly between Direct Sow most vegetables and herbs. irrigations. Sow seed directly into finish container. • Maintain soil pH at 5.5 to 5.8 and EC less Post-Production Care than 0.75 mmhos/cm. Time of radicle emergence (2 to 4 days) • Fertilize with 14‑0‑14, 15-5-15 or calcium/ • Soil temperature 70 to 75°F (21 to 24°C). Optimum Temperature potassium nitrate feed at 100 to 150 ppm • Keep media very moist, near saturation. • Night: 65 to 70°F (18 to 21°C) N as needed. • Seed are to be covered. • Day: 65 to 75°F (18 to 24°C) • Soil pH 5.8 to 6.2 and soluble salts (EC) • Optimum conditions may be difficult Growing On to Finish less than 0.75 mmhos/cm (2:1 extraction). to maintain, especially if plants are Temperature • Avoid high salts and particularly high displayed outside. • Night: 55 to 60°F (13 to 15°C) ammonium during germination. Light • Day: 55 to 65°F (13 to 18°C) • Keep ammonium levels to less than Melon prefers full sun, however partial 10 ppm. Light shade may be beneficial in retail areas. Maintain light levels as high as possible Common Problems while maintaining moderate temperatures. Insects: Whitefly, Spider mites Diseases: Fungal diseases
52 800 879-BALL ballseed.com Vegetable GrowerFacts
Light Stage 2 – Stem and cotyledon Mustard Maintain light levels as high as possible emergence (7 to 14 days) Brassica juncea while maintaining moderate temperatures. • Soil temperature 62 to 65°F (17 to 18°C). • Reduce moisture levels once radicle Florida Broadleaf Media emergence occurs. Allow the soil to dry Use a well-drained, disease-free soilless out slightly before watering for best Plug Production medium with a medium initial nutrient germination and rooting. charge and a pH of 5.5 to 6.2. Stage 1 – Time of radicle emergence • Keep soil pH to 5.5 to 5.8 and EC to less (3 to 5 days) Fertilization than 0.75 mmhos/cm. Keep ammonium levels to less than • Soil temperature 65 to 70°F (18 to 21°C). • Fertilize every other irrigation with • 10 ppm. • Soil pH 5.5 to 5.8 and soluble salts (EC) 15-0-15 or 15-5-15 alternating with less than 0.75 mmhos/cm (2:1 extraction). 20-10-20 at 150 to 200 ppm nitrogen. • Begin fertilizing with 50 to 75 ppm N from 14-0-14, 15-5-15 or a calcium/ • Mustard is very sensitive to high salts, • Maintain medium electrical particularly high ammonium, conductivity around 1.0 mmhos/cm potassium nitrate feed once cotyledons during germination. (using 1:2 extraction). are fully expanded. Keep ammonium levels to less than • Alternate feed with clear water. • Controlling Height 10 ppm. • Irrigate early in the day so foliage is dry • Once plants are rooted to the sides of Cover the seed with coarse vermiculite. by nightfall to prevent diseases. • the containers, they can be allowed to Stage 3 – Growth and development of Stage 2 – Stem and cotyledon wilt prior to irrigation to provide some true leaves (10 to 14 days) emergence (4 to 7 days) height control. • Soil temperature 62 to 65°F (17 to 18°C). • Soil temperature 62 to 65°F (17 to 18°C). • Height can also be controlled by Allow the soil to dry thoroughly between • Reduce moisture levels once radicle withholding fertilizer, especially • irrigations but avoid permanent wilting emergence occurs. Allow the soil to dry phosphorous and ammonium-form to promote root growth and control out slightly before watering for best nitrogen. shoot growth. germination and rooting. • Mustard is responsive to day/night Maintain soil pH at 5.5 to 5.8 and EC less • Keep soil pH to 5.5 to 5.8 and EC to less temperature differential (DIF), and is • than 1.0 mmhos/cm. than 0.75 mmhos/cm. shorter with a negative DIF. • Increase feed to 100 to 150 ppm N from • Keep ammonium levels to less than • Chemical PGRs can not be used on 20‑10‑20 alternating with 14-0-14, 10 ppm. most vegetables and herbs. 15-5-15 or other calcium/potassium • Begin fertilizing with 50 to 75 ppm N from 14‑0‑14, 15-5-15 or a calcium/ Post-Production Care nitrate fertilizer. • Fertilize every 2 to 3 irrigations. potassium nitrate feed once cotyledons Optimum Temperature are fully expanded. • Supplement with magnesium 1 to 2 times • Night: 62 to 65°F (17 to 18°C) during this stage, using magnesium • Alternate feed with clear water. • Day: 65 to 70°F (18 to 21°C) sulfate or magnesium nitrate. Do not mix • Irrigate early in the day so foliage is dry • Mustard prefers cool temperatures; by nightfall to prevent diseases. magnesium sulfate with calcium nitrate temperatures below 70°F (21°C) are as precipitate will form. Stage 3 – Growth and development of recommended during retail display. • Use DIF whenever possible, for the true leaves (10 to 14 days) • Optimum conditions may be difficult first 2 hours after sunrise, to control • Soil temperature 62 to 65°F (17 to 18°C). to maintain, especially if plants are plant height. • Allow the soil to dry thoroughly between displayed outside. irrigations but avoid permanent wilting Stage 4 – Plugs ready for transplanting Light or shipping (7 days) to promote root growth and control Mustard grows best in full sun; however shoot growth. • Soil temperature 60 to 62°F (15 to 17°C). partial shading may be beneficial during • Allow soil to dry thoroughly between • Maintain soil pH at 5.5 to 5.8 and EC less retail display. than 1.0 mmhos/cm. irrigations. • Maintain soil pH at 5.5 to 5.8 and EC less • Increase feed to 100 to 150 ppm N from Common Problems than 0.75 mmhos/cm. 20‑10‑20 alternating with 14‑0‑14, Insects: Aphids, Cabbage looper, Whitefly, • Fertilize with 14-0-14, 15-5-15 or calcium/ 15-5-15 or other calcium/potassium Stem borer, Fungus gnats potassium nitrate feed at 100 to 150 ppm nitrate fertilizer. Diseases: Pythium, Rhizoctonia N as needed. • Fertilize every 2 to 3 irrigations. • Supplement with magnesium 1 to 2 times Growing On to Finish during this stage, using magnesium sulfate or magnesium nitrate. Do not mix Temperature magnesium sulfate with calcium nitrate Okra • Night: 60 to 65°F (15 to 18°C) as precipitate will form. Abelmoschus esculentus • Day: 65 to 75°F (18 to 24°C) Use DIF whenever possible, for the • Clemson Spineless Light first 2 hours after sunrise, to control Maintain light levels as high as possible plant height. Plug Production while maintaining moderate temperatures. Stage 4 – Plugs ready for transplanting Stage 1 – Time of radicle emergence or shipping (7 days) Media (5 to 7 days) Use a well-drained, disease-free soilless • Soil temperature 60 to 62°F (15 to 17°C). • Soil temperature 68 to 70°F (20 to 21°C). medium with a medium initial nutrient • Allow soil to dry thoroughly between Soil pH 5.5 to 5.8 and soluble salts (EC) irrigations. • charge and a pH of 5.5 to 6.2. less than 0.75 mmhos/cm (2:1 extraction). • Maintain soil pH at 5.5 to 5.8 and EC less Okra is very sensitive to high salts, Fertilization than 0.75 mmhos/cm. • particularly high ammonium, during • Fertilize every other irrigation with • Fertilize with 14‑0‑14, 15-5-15 or calcium/ germination. 15-0-15 or 15-5-15 alternating with potassium nitrate feed at 100 to 150 ppm Keep ammonium levels to less than 20-10-20 at 150 to 200 ppm nitrogen. N as needed. • 10 ppm. • Maintain medium electrical conductivity around 1.0 mmhos/cm Growing On to Finish • Cover the seed lightly with coarse vermiculite. (using 1:2 extraction). Temperature • Night: 50 to 60°F (10 to 15°C) • Day: 55 to 60°F (13 to 15°C)
800 879-BALL ballseed.com 53 Vegetable GrowerFacts
OKRA continued Growing On to Finish • Pak Choi is very sensitive to high salts, Growth and development after the particularly high ammonium, during Controlling Height development of true leaves (12 to 15 weeks) germination. • Keep ammonium levels to less than • Once plants are rooted to the sides of Temperature the containers, they can be allowed to 10 ppm. • Night: 55 to 60°F (13 to 15°C) wilt prior to irrigation to provide some • Cover the seed with coarse vermiculite. • Day: 65 to 70°F (18 to 21°C) height control. • Allow the soil to dry thoroughly between Stage 2 – Stem and cotyledon • Height can also be controlled by irrigations but avoid permanent wilting emergence (4 to 7 days) withholding fertilizer, especially to promote root growth and control • Soil temperature 62 to 65°F (17 to 18°C). phosphorous and ammonium-form shoot growth. • Reduce moisture levels once radicle nitrogen. emergence occurs. Allow the soil to dry • Okra is responsive to day/night Light out slightly before watering for best temperature differential (DIF), and is Maintain light levels as high as possible germination and rooting. shorter with a negative DIF. while maintaining moderate temperatures. • Keep soil pH to 5.5 to 5.8 and EC to less • Chemical PGRs can not be used on than 0.75 mmhos/cm. Media most vegetables and herbs. • Keep ammonium levels to less than Use a well-drained, disease-free soilless 10 ppm. medium with a medium initial nutrient Post-Production Care • Begin fertilizing with 50 to 75 ppm charge and a pH of 5.8 to 6.2. Optimum Temperature N from 14-0-14, 15-5-15 or a calcium/ • Okra prefers temperatures of 68°F Fertilization potassium nitrate feed once cotyledons (20°C) during retail display. • Increase feed to 100 to 150 ppm N from are fully expanded. • Optimum conditions may be difficult 20‑10‑20 alternating with 14‑0‑14, • Alternate feed with clear water. to maintain, especially if plants are 15-5-15 or other calcium/potassium • Irrigate early in the day so foliage is dry displayed outside. nitrate fertilizer. by nightfall to prevent diseases. Fertilize every 2 to 3 irrigations. Light • Stage 3 – Growth and development of If using 15-0-15, supplement with Okra grows best in full sun; however • true leaves (4 to 7 days) magnesium 1 to 2 times during this stage, partial shading may be beneficial during • Soil temperature 62 to 65°F (17 to 18°C). using magnesium sulfate (16 oz./100 retail display. • Allow the soil to dry thoroughly between gal.) or magnesium nitrate. Do not mix irrigations but avoid permanent wilting Common Problems magnesium sulfate with calcium nitrate to promote root growth and control Insects: Aphids, Whitefly as precipitate will form. shoot growth. Diseases: Pythium, Rhizoctonia • Maintain soil pH at 5.8 to 6.2. • Maintain soil pH at 5.5 to 5.8 and EC less Controlling Height than 1.0 mmhos/cm. • Use DIF whenever possible, especially • Increase feed to 100 to 150 ppm N the first 2 hours after sunrise, to control from 20-10-20 alternating with 14-0-14, Onion plant height. 15-5-15 or other calcium/potassium nitrate fertilizer. Allium cepa • Height can also be controlled by withholding fertilizer, especially • Fertilize every 2 to 3 irrigations. Parade Bunching phosphorous and ammonium-form • Supplement with magnesium 1 to 2 times nitrogen. during this stage, using magnesium Red Zeppelin • Chemical PGRs can not be used on sulfate or magnesium nitrate. Do not mix White Sweet Spanish most vegetables and herbs. magnesium sulfate with calcium nitrate as precipitate will form. Yellow Sweet Spanish Post-Production Care Stage 4 – Plugs ready for transplanting Direct Sow Optimum Temperature or shipping (7 days) Sow seed directly into finish container. • Night: 62 to 65°F (17 to 18°C) • Soil temperature 55 to 60°F (13 to 15°C). • Day: 65 to 70°F (18 to 21°C) • Allow soil to dry thoroughly between Time of radicle emergence (2 to 4 days) • Optimum conditions may be difficult irrigations. • Soil temperature 70 to 75°F (21 to 24°C). to maintain, especially if plants are • Maintain soil pH at 5.5 to 5.8 and EC less • Keep media very moist, near saturation. displayed outside. than 0.75 mmhos/cm. • Fertilize with 14-0-14, 15-5-15 or calcium/ • Seed are to be covered. Light • Soil pH 5.8 to 6.2 and soluble salts potassium nitrate feed at 100 to 150 ppm Onions grow best in full sun; however N as needed. (EC) to less than 0.75 mmhos/cm partial shading may be beneficial during (2:1 extraction). retail display. GROWING ON TO FINISH • Avoid high salts and particularly high ammonium during germination. Common Problems Temperature • Keep ammonium levels to less than Diseases: Fungal diseases • Night: 50 to 60°F (10 to 15°C) 10 ppm. • Day: 55 to 60°F (18 to 15°C) After stem and cotyledon emergence Light (7 days) Maintain light levels as high as possible • Soil temperature 65 to 70°F (18 to 21°C). PAK CHOI while maintaining moderate temperatures. • Reduce moisture levels. Allow the soil Brassica rapa Chinensis group to dry out slightly before watering for Media best rooting. Toy Choy Use a well-drained, disease-free soilless • Keep soil pH to 5.8 to 6.2 and EC to less medium with a medium initial nutrient than 0.75 mmhos/cm. PLUG PRODUCTION charge and a pH of 5.5 to 6.2. Begin fertilizing with 50 to 75 ppm N • Stage 1 – Time of radicle emergence Fertilization from 14‑0‑14, 15-5-15 or a calcium/ (3 to 5 days) • Fertilize every other irrigation with potassium nitrate feed once cotyledons • Soil temperature 65 to 70°F (18 to 21°C). 15-0-15 or 15-5-15 alternating with are fully expanded. • Soil pH 5.5 to 5.8 and soluble salts (EC) 20-10-20 at 150 to 200 ppm nitrogen. Alternate feed with clear water. • less than 0.75 mmhos/cm (2:1 extraction). • Maintain medium electrical • Irrigate early in the day so foliage is dry conductivity around 1.0 mmhos/cm by nightfall to prevent diseases. (using 1:2 extraction). 54 800 879-BALL ballseed.com Vegetable GrowerFacts
Controlling Height • Irrigate early in the day so foliage is dry • Once plants are rooted to the sides of by nightfall to prevent diseases. Pepper the containers, they can be allowed to Capsicum annuum wilt prior to irrigation to provide some GROWING ON TO FINISH height control. Growth and development after the Bananarama • Height can also be controlled by development of true leaves (2 to 3 weeks) A Burpee Home Gardens® Exclusive. withholding fertilizer, especially Temperature phosphorous and ammonium-form Baron • Night: 45 to 55°F (7 to 13°C)C) nitrogen. • Day: 55 to 60°F (13 to 15°C) Better Belle II • Pak Choi is responsive to day/night • Allow the soil to dry thoroughly between temperature differential (DIF), and is Big Bertha irrigations but avoid permanent wilting shorter with a negative DIF. Big Daddy Hybrid to promote root growth and control • Chemical PGRs can not be used on A Burpee Home Gardens® Exclusive. shoot growth. most vegetables and herbs. Big Guy Light A Burpee Home Gardens® Exclusive. POST-PRODUCTION CARE Maintain light levels as high as possible Optimum Temperature while maintaining moderate temperatures. BOOST ‘Sweet Heat’ • Night: 55 to 60°F (13 to 15°C) Burning Bush • Day: 60 to 65°F (15 to 18°C) Media • Pak Choi prefers cool temperatures; Use a well-drained, disease-free soilless Cajun Belle temperatures below 70°F (21°C) are medium with a medium initial nutrient Costa Rican Sweet Hybrid charge and a pH of 5.8 to 6.2. recommended during retail display. A Burpee Home Gardens® Exclusive. • Optimum conditions may be difficult Fertilization ‘Cute Stuff Gold’ to maintain, especially if plants are • Increase feed to 100 ppm N from displayed outside. 20-10-20 alternating with 14-0-14 or ‘Cute Stuff Red’ Light 15-5-15 or other calcium/potassium Flavorburst Hybrid Pak Choi grows best in full sun; however nitrate fertilizer. • Fertilize every 2 to 3 irrigations. Great Stuff Hybrid partial shading may be beneficial during A Burpee Home Gardens® Exclusive. retail display. • If using 15-0-15, supplement with magnesium 1 to 2 times during this Hot Lemon Common Problems stage, using magnesium sulfate A Burpee Home Gardens® Exclusive. Insects: Aphids, Cabbage looper, Whitefly, (16 oz./100 gal.) or magnesium nitrate. Hungarian Yellow Wax Stem borer, Fungus gnats Do not mix magnesium sulfate with Diseases: Pythium, Rhizoctonia, Fusarium calcium nitrate as precipitate will form. Jalapeño Gigante • Maintain soil at pH 5.8 to 6.2. A Burpee Home Gardens® Exclusive variety. Controlling Height Pinot Noir • Height can also be controlled by Ristra Cayenne Hybrid PEA withholding fertilizer, especially A Burpee Home Gardens® Exclusive variety. Pisum sativum phosphorous and ammonium-form nitrogen. Tabasco RSVPea • Chemical PGRs can not be used on Zavory A Burpee Home Gardens® Exclusive. most vegetables and herbs. A Burpee Home Gardens® Exclusive. Direct Sow POST-PRODUCTION CARE Plug Production • Sow seed directly into finish container. Optimum Temperature Stage 1 – Time of radicle emergence • Peas are a cool season crop and should • Night: 50 to 55°F (10 to 13°C) (5 to 7 days) be produced early in the season. • Day: 55 to 60°F (13 to 15°C) • Soil temperature 75 to 78°F (24 to 26°C). Time of radicle emergence (4 to 6 days) • Optimum conditions may be difficult • Keep media evenly moist but not • Soil temperature 50 to 60°F (10 to 15°C). to maintain, especially if plants are saturated. • Keep media very moist, near saturation. displayed outside. • Cover the seed lightly with coarse • Cover seed. vermiculite. • Soil pH 5.8 to 6.2 and soluble salts (EC) Light • Light is not necessary for germination to less than 0.75 mmhos/cm Peas grow best in full sun; however until radicle emergence. (2:1 extraction). partial shading may be beneficial during • Soil pH 5.5 to 5.8 and soluble salts (EC) • Avoid high salts and particularly high retail display. less than 0.5 mmhos/cm (2:1 extraction). ammonium during germination. Common Problems • Peppers are very sensitive to high salts, • Keep ammonium levels to less than Insects: Aphids, Whitefly, Spider mites particularly high ammonium, during 10 ppm. Diseases: Fungal diseases germination. • Keep ammonium levels to less than After stem and cotyledon emergence 10 ppm. (7 to 10 days) • Soil temperature 50 to 60°F (10 to 15°C). Stage 2 – Stem and cotyledon • Reduce moisture levels. Allow the soil emergence (7 to 10 days) to dry out slightly before watering for • Soil temperature 70 to 75°F (21 to 24°C). best rooting. • Reduce moisture levels once radicle • Keep soil pH to 5.8 to 6.2 and EC to less emergence occurs. Allow the soil to dry than 0.75 mmhos/cm. out slightly before watering for best • Begin fertilizing with 50 to 75 ppm N germination and rooting. from 14-0-14 or 15-5-15 or a calcium/ • Increase light levels to 1,000 to 2,500 potassium nitrate feed once cotyledons foot-candles. are fully expanded. • Keep soil pH to 5.5 to 5.8 and EC to less • Alternate feed with clear water. than 0.5 mmhos/cm.
800 879-BALL ballseed.com 55 Vegetable GrowerFacts
PEPPER continued Controlling Height • Begin fertilizing with 50 to 75 ppm • Once plants are rooted to the sides of N from 14‑0‑14, 15-5-15 or a calcium/ • Keep ammonium levels to less than 10 ppm. the containers, they can be allowed to potassium nitrate feed once cotyledons • Begin fertilizing with 50 to 75 ppm N wilt prior to irrigation to provide some are fully expanded. from 14‑0‑14, 15-5-15 or a calcium/ height control. • Alternate feed with clear water. potassium nitrate feed once cotyledons • Height can also be controlled by • Irrigate early in the day so foliage is are fully expanded. withholding fertilizer, especially dry by nightfall to prevent diseases. • Alternate feed with clear water. phosphorous and ammonium-form • Irrigate early in the day so foliage is dry nitrogen. Growing On To Finish by nightfall to prevent diseases. • Peppers are responsive to day/night Growth and development after the temperature differential (DIF), and are development of true leaves (4 to 6 weeks) Stage 3 – Growth and development of shorter with a negative DIF. Temperature true leaves (10 to 14 days) • Although Sumagic is labeled for use on Night: 62 to 65°F (17 to 18°C) • Soil temperature 65 to 70°F (18 to 21°C). Peppers, we do not recommend its use • Day: 66 to 70°F (19 to 21°C) • Allow the soil to dry thoroughly between until the grower has at least trialed it on • Allow the soil to dry thoroughly between irrigations but avoid permanent wilting a limited basis. Application rates, timing • irrigations but avoid permanent wilting to promote root growth and control and variety response may affect growth to promote root growth and control shoot growth. for the home gardener. • Maintain soil pH at 5.5 to 5.8 and EC less shoot growth. than 0.75 mmhos/cm. Post-Production Care Light • Increase feed to 100 to 150 ppm N Optimum Temperature Maintain light levels as high as possible with 14‑0‑14, 15-5-15 or other calcium/ Night: 55 to 65°F (13 to 18°C) while maintaining moderate temperatures. potassium nitrate fertilizer. • • Day: 60 to 70°F (15 to 21°C) • Fertilize every 2 to 3 irrigations. Media • Optimum conditions may be difficult • If using 15-0-15, supplement with to maintain, especially if plants are Use a well-drained, disease-free soilless magnesium 1 to 2 times during this displayed outside. medium with a medium initial nutrient stage, using magnesium sulfate charge and a pH of 5.8 to 6.2. (16 oz./100 gal.) or magnesium nitrate. Light Do not mix magnesium sulfate with Peppers prefer full sun; however partial Fertilization calcium nitrate as precipitate will form. shading may be beneficial during retail • Increase feed to 100 to 150 ppm N from • Use DIF whenever possible, for the display. 20‑10‑20 alternating with 14‑0‑14, first 2 hours after sunrise, to control 15-5-15 or other calcium/potassium plant height. Common Problems nitrate fertilizer. Insects: Aphids, Thrips, Whitefly • Fertilize every 2 to 3 irrigations. Stage 4 – Plugs ready for transplanting Diseases: Botrytis • If using 15-0-15, supplement with or shipping (7 days) magnesium 1 to 2 times during this • Soil temperature 60 to 62°F (15 to 17°C). stage, using magnesium sulfate • Allow soil to dry thoroughly between (16 oz./100 gal.) or magnesium nitrate. irrigations. Do not mix magnesium sulfate with • Maintain soil pH at 5.5 to 5.8 and EC less Pumpkin calcium nitrate as precipitate will form. than 0.75 mmhos/cm. Cucurbita maxima • Maintain soil pH at 5.8 to 6.2. • Fertilize with 14‑0‑14, 15-5-15 or calcium/ potassium nitrate feed at 100 to 150 ppm Casper Controlling Height N as needed. A Burpee Home Gardens® Exclusive. • Use DIF whenever possible, especially Harvest Moon the first 2 hours after sunrise, to control Growing On to Finish plant height. Temperature Howden • Height can also be controlled by • Night: 62 to 65°F (17 to 18°C) Jack-Be-Little withholding fertilizer, especially • Day: 65 to 70°F (18 to 21°C) phosphorous and ammonium-form • Peppers will be damaged by Direct Sow nitrogen. temperatures below 45°F (7°C). Sow seed directly into finish container. • Chemical PGRs can not be used on most vegetables and herbs. Light Time of radicle emergence (2 to 4 days) Maintain high light levels while maintaining Post-Production Care • Soil temperature 70 to 75°F (21 to 24°C). moderate temperatures. • Keep media very moist, near saturation. Optimum Temperature Media • Seed are to be covered. • Night: 62 to 65°F (17 to 18°C) Use a well-drained, disease-free soilless • Soil pH 5.8 to 6.2 and soluble salts (EC) • Day: 65 to 70°F (18 to 21°C) medium with a medium initial nutrient less than 0.75 mmhos/cm (2:1 extraction). • Optimum conditions may be difficult charge and a pH of 5.5 to 6.3. • Avoid high salts and particularly high to maintain, especially if plants are ammonium during germination. displayed outside. Fertilization • Keep ammonium levels to less than Light • Fertilize every third irrigation with 15-0-15 10 ppm. or 15-5-15 at 150 to 200 ppm nitrogen. Pumpkins prefer full sun, although partial After stem and cotyledon emergence • Maintain medium electrical shade may be beneficial in retail areas. (7 days) conductivity around 1.0 mmhos/cm Common Problems (using 1:2 extraction). • Soil temperature 65 to 70°F (18 to 21°C). • Reduce moisture levels. Allow the soil Insects: Whitefly, Spider mites to dry out slightly before watering for Diseases: Fungal diseases best rooting. • Keep soil pH to 5.8 to 6.2 and EC to less than 0.75 mmhos/cm.
56 800 879-BALL ballseed.com Vegetable GrowerFacts
Stage 4 – Plugs ready for transplanting Spinach or shipping (7 days) Squash Spinica oleracea • Soil temperature 60 to 62°F (15 to 17°C). Cucurbita pepo (Summer squash) • Allow soil to dry thoroughly between Baby’s Leaf Hybrid irrigations. Cucurbita maxima (Winter squash) A Burpee Home Gardens® Exclusive. • Maintain soil pH at 5.5 to 5.8 and EC less Burpee Golden (Zucchini) Bloomsdale than 0.75 mmhos/cm. A Burpee Home Gardens® Exclusive. • Fertilize with 14‑0‑14, 15-5-15 or calcium/ Plug Production potassium nitrate feed at 100 to 150 ppm Burpee Hybrid (Zucchini) ® Note: Direct sowing seed into the finish N as needed. A Burpee Home Gardens Exclusive. container is an alternative. Burpee’s Bush Table Queen Growing On to Finish A Burpee Home Gardens® Exclusive. Stage 1 – Time of radicle emergence Temperature Burpee’s Butterbush (3 to 5 days) • Night: 55 to 60°F (13 to 15°C) A Burpee Home Gardens® Exclusive. • Soil temperature 65 to 70°F (18 to 21°C). • Day: 60 to 65°F (15 to 18°C) • Keep media very moist, near saturation. Limelight (Zucchini) • Cover the seed. Light A Burpee Home Gardens® Exclusive. Maintain light levels as high as possible • Soil pH 5.5 to 5.8 and soluble salts Lunar (EC) less than 0.50 mmhos/cm while maintaining moderate temperatures. (2:1 extraction). Media Pic-N-Pic Hybrid A Burpee Home Gardens® Exclusive. • Spinach is very sensitive to high salts, Use a well-drained, disease-free soilless particularly high ammonium, during medium with a medium initial nutrient Smooth Pickin’ (Zucchini) germination. charge and a pH of 5.5 to 6.2. A Burpee Home Gardens® Exclusive. • Keep ammonium levels to less than 10 ppm. Fertilization Direct Sow Fertilize every other irrigation with Sow seed directly into finish container. Stage 2 – Stem and cotyledon • 15-0-15 alternating with 20-10-20 at emergence (7 to 14 days) 150 to 200 ppm nitrogen. Time of radicle emergence (2 to 4 days) Soil temperature 65 to 70°F (18 to 21°C). • Maintain medium electrical • Soil temperature 70 to 75°F (21 to 24°C). Reduce moisture levels once radicle • • conductivity around 1.0 memos/cm • Keep media very moist, near saturation. emergence occurs. Allow the soil to dry (using 1:2 extraction). • Seed are to be covered. out slightly before watering for best • Soil pH 5.8 to 6.2 and soluble salts (EC) germination and rooting. Controlling Height less than 0.75 mmhos/cm (2:1 extraction). • Keep soil pH to 5.5 to 5.8 and EC to less • Once plants are rooted to the sides of • Avoid high salts and particularly high than 0.50 mmhos/cm. the containers, they can be allowed to ammonium during germination. • Keep ammonium levels to less than wilt prior to irrigation to provide some • Keep ammonium levels to less than 10 ppm. height control. 10 ppm. • Begin fertilizing with 50 to 75 ppm N • Height can also be controlled by from 14‑0‑14, 15-5-15 or a calcium/ withholding fertilizer, especially After stem and cotyledon emergence potassium nitrate feed once cotyledons phosphorous and ammonium-form (7 days) are fully expanded. nitrogen. • Soil temperature 65 to 70°F (18 to 21°C). • Alternate feed with clear water. • Spinach is responsive to day/night • Reduce moisture levels. Allow the soil • Irrigate early in the day so foliage is dry temperature differential (DIF), and to dry out slightly before watering for by nightfall to prevent diseases. is shorter with a negative DIF. best rooting. • Keep soil pH to 5.8 to 6.2 and EC to less Stage 3 – Growth and development of • Chemical PGRs can not be used on most vegetables and herbs. than 0.75 mmhos/cm. true leaves (7 to 14 days) • Begin fertilizing with 50 to 75 ppm N • Soil temperature 62 to 65°F (17 to 18°C). Post-Production Care from 14-0-14, 15-5-15 or a calcium/ • Allow the soil to dry thoroughly between potassium nitrate feed once cotyledons Optimum Temperature irrigations but avoid permanent wilting are fully expanded. • Night: 50 to 55°F (10 to 13°C) to promote root growth and control • Alternate feed with clear water. • Day: 55 to 58°F (13 to 14°C) shoot growth. • Irrigate early in the day so foliage is dry Optimum conditions may be difficult • Maintain soil pH at 5.5 to 5.8 and EC less • by nightfall to prevent diseases. than 0.75 mmhos/cm. to maintain, especially if plants are • Increase feed to 100 to 150 ppm N from displayed outside. Growing On to Finish 20‑10‑20 alternating with 14‑0‑14, Light Growth and development after the 15-5-15 or other calcium/potassium Spinach should be placed in partial shade development of true leaves (4 to 5 weeks) nitrate fertilizer. during retail display. • Fertilize every 2 to 3 irrigations. Temperature • If using 15-0-15, supplement with Common Problems • Night: 60 to 65°F (15 to 18°C) magnesium 1 to 2 times during this Insects: Aphids • Day: 68 to 75°F (20 to 24°C) stage, using magnesium sulfate Diseases: Botrytis, Pythium, Rhizoctonia • Allow the soil to dry thoroughly between (16 oz./100 gal.) or magnesium nitrate. irrigations but avoid permanent wilting Do not mix magnesium sulfate with to promote root growth and control calcium nitrate as precipitate will form. shoot growth. • Use DIF whenever possible, for the Light first 2 hours after sunrise, to control Maintain light levels as high as possible plant height. while maintaining moderate temperatures. • Chemical PGRs can not be used on vegetables and herbs. Media Use a well-drained, disease-free soilless medium with a medium initial nutrient charge and a pH of 5.8 to 6.2.
800 879-BALL ballseed.com 57 Vegetable GrowerFacts
Squash continued Strawberry Strawberry (seed) Fertilization (Bareroot) Fragaria x ananassa • Increase feed to 100 to 150 ppm N from ® 20‑10‑20 alternating with 14‑0‑14, 15-0-15, Fragaria x ananassa Berri Basket White 15-5-15 or other calcium/potassium All Star Berries Galore® Pink, Rose & nitrate fertilizer. White • Fertilize every 2 to 3 irrigations. Growing On to Finish • If using 15-0-15, supplement with Plug Production magnesium 1 to 2 times during this Media stage, using magnesium sulfate • Use a sterile, well-drained soilless media. Stage 1 – Time of radicle emergence (16 oz./100 gal.) or magnesium nitrate. • Plant with crown just above the soil (5 to 7 days) Do not mix magnesium sulfate with surface. • Soil temperature 70°F (21°C). calcium nitrate as precipitate will form. • Keep media evenly moist but not • Maintain soil pH at 5.8 to 6.2. Temperature saturated. • Nights: 60ºF (16ºC) • Cover the seed lightly with coarse Controlling Height • Days: 70ºF (21ºC) vermiculite. • Use DIF whenever possible, especially • Light at 100 to 400 foot-candles may be Fertilizer the first 2 hours after sunrise, to control beneficial for germination. • Use a constant liquid feed program of plant height. • Soil pH 5.5 to 5.8 and soluble salts (EC) 20-10-20 at 150 ppm. • Height can also be controlled by less than 0.75 mmhos/cm (2:1 extraction). • Maintain good fertility and moisture withholding fertilizer, especially • Strawberries are very sensitive to high levels. phosphorous and ammonium-form salts, particularly high ammonium, • An application of slow-release fertilizer nitrogen. during germination. before sale will help the customer be • Chemical PGRs can not be used on • Keep ammonium levels to less than more successful. most vegetables and herbs. 10 ppm. Crop Schedule & Uses Post-Production Care Stage 2 – Stem and cotyledon (Crop Schedule in Weeks) emergence (16 to 21 days) Optimum Temperature • Soil temperature 70°F (21°C). • Night: 62 to 65°F (17 to 18°C) Bareroot • Reduce moisture levels once radicle • Day: 65 to 70°F (18 to 21°C) 18 Tray (3.5-in./9-cm cell) 2 to 3 emergence occurs. Allow the soil to dry • Optimum conditions may be difficult out slightly before watering for best to maintain, especially if plants are 1 PP* germination and rooting. displayed outside. 4 to 4.5-in. (10 to 11-cm) Pot 3 to 4 • Gradually increase the light intensity to Light 1 PP* 500 to 1,500 foot-candles. Squash prefers full sun, although partial • Keep soil pH to 5.5 to 5.8 and EC to less shade may be beneficial in retail areas. 10-in. (25-cm) Basket 4 to 6 than 0.75 mmhos/cm. 4 to 5 PP* • Keep ammonium levels to less than Common Problems 10 ppm. Insects: Whitefly, Spider mites 12-in. (30-cm) Pot 5 to 7 • Begin fertilizing with 50 to 75 ppm Diseases: Fungal diseases 4 to 5 PP* N from 14‑0‑14, 15-5-15 or a calcium/ potassium nitrate feed once cotyledons *PP: Plants per pot or basket are fully expanded. NOTE: June-bearing strawberries produce • Alternate feed with clear water. a single crop each year during June–July. • Irrigate early in the day so foliage is dry by nightfall to prevent diseases. Stage 3 – Growth and development of true leaves (7 to 14 days) • Soil temperature 65 to 68°F (18 to 20°C). • Allow the soil to dry slightly between irrigations but avoid permanent wilting to promote root growth and control shoot growth. • Gradually increase the light intensity to 1,500 to 2,500 foot-candles. • Maintain soil pH at 5.5 to 5.8 and EC less than 1.0 mmhos/cm. • Increase feed to 100 to 150 ppm N from 20‑10‑20 alternating with 14‑0‑14, 15-5-15 or other calcium/potassium nitrate fertilizer. • Fertilize every 2 to 3 irrigations. • If using 15-0-15, supplement with magnesium 1 to 2 times during this stage, using magnesium sulfate (16 oz./100 gal.) or magnesium nitrate. Do not mix magnesium sulfate with calcium nitrate as precipitate will form. • Use DIF whenever possible, for the first 2 hours after sunrise, to control plant height.
58 800 879-BALL ballseed.com Vegetable GrowerFacts
Stage 4 – Plugs ready for transplanting Stage 4 – Plugs ready for transplanting or shipping (7 days) SWISS CHARD or shipping (7 days) • Soil temperature 60 to 62°F (15 to 17°C). Beta vulgaris ssp. Cicla • Soil temperature 60 to 62°F (15 to 17°C). • Allow soil to dry slightly between • Allow soil to dry thoroughly between irrigations. Bright Lights irrigations. • Maintain soil pH at 5.5 to 5.8 and EC less • Maintain soil pH at 5.5 to 5.8 and EC than 0.75 mmhos/cm. PLUG PRODUCTION less than 0.75 mmhos/cm. • Fertilize with 14‑0‑14, 15-5-15 or calcium/ Stage 1 – Time of radicle emergence • Fertilize with 14-0-14, 15-5-15 or calcium/ potassium nitrate feed at 100 to 150 ppm (4 to 8 days) potassium nitrate feed at 100 to 150 ppm N as needed. • Soil temperature 68 to 72°F (20 to 22°C). N as needed. Growing On to Finish • Soil pH 5.5 to 5.8 and soluble salts (EC) GROWING ON TO FINISH less than 0.75 mmhos/cm (2:1 extraction). Temperature • Swiss Chard is very sensitive to high Temperature • Night: 60 to 62°F (15 to 17°C) salts, particularly high ammonium, • Night: 55 to 58°F (13 to 14°C) • Day: 60 to 65°F (15 to 18°C) during germination. • Day: 60 to 62°F (15 to 17°C) Light • Keep ammonium levels to less than Light Maintain high light levels while maintaining 10 ppm. Maintain light levels as high as possible moderate temperatures. • Cover the seed with coarse vermiculite. while maintaining moderate temperatures. Stage 2 – Stem and cotyledon Media emergence (4 to 7 days) Media Use a well-drained, disease-free soilless • Soil temperature 62 to 65°F (17 to 18°C). Use a well-drained, disease-free soilless medium with a medium initial nutrient • Reduce moisture levels once radicle medium with a medium initial nutrient charge and a pH of 6.5 to 7.5. emergence occurs. Allow the soil to dry charge and a pH 5.5 to 6.2. Watering out slightly before watering for best Fertilization • Keep the media moist but not soggy. germination and rooting. • Fertilize every other irrigation with • Do not allow the media to dry out. • Keep soil pH to 5.5 to 5.8 and EC to less 15-0-15 or 15-5-15 alternating with than 0.75 mmhos/cm. 20-10-20 at 150 to 200 ppm nitrogen. Fertilization • Keep ammonium levels to less than • Maintain medium electrical • Fertilize every other irrigation with 10 ppm. conductivity around 1.0 mmhos/cm 15-0-15 or 15-5-15 alternating with • Begin fertilizing with 50 to 75 ppm (using 1:2 extraction). 20-10-20 at 150 to 200 ppm nitrogen. N from 14-0-14, 15-5-15 or a calcium/ • Maintain medium electrical potassium nitrate feed once cotyledons Controlling Height conductivity around 1.0 mmhos/cm are fully expanded. • Once plants are rooted to the sides of (using 1:2 extraction). • Alternate feed with clear water. the containers, they can be allowed to • Irrigate early in the day so foliage is dry wilt prior to irrigation to provide some Controlling Height by nightfall to prevent diseases. height control. • Once plants are rooted to the sides of • Growth can also be controlled by the containers, they can be allowed to Stage 3 – Growth and development of withholding fertilizer, especially wilt prior to irrigation to provide some true leaves (10 to 14 days) phosphorous and ammonium-form height control. • Soil temperature 62 to 65°F (17 to 18°C). nitrogen. • Height can also be controlled by • Allow the soil to dry thoroughly between • Chemical PGRs can not be used on withholding fertilizer, especially irrigations but avoid permanent wilting most vegetables and herbs. phosphorous and ammonium-form to promote root growth and control nitrogen. shoot growth. POST-PRODUCTION CARE • Strawberries are responsive to day/night • Maintain soil at pH 5.5 to 5.8 and EC Optimum Temperature temperature differential (DIF), and are less than 1.0 mmhos/cm. • Night: 55 to 65°F (13 to 18°C) shorter with a negative DIF. • Increase feed to 100 to 150 ppm N • Day: 65 to 70°F (18 to 21°C) • Chemical PGRs can not be used on from 20-10-20 alternating with 14-0-14, • Swiss Chard prefers cool temperatures; most fruit, vegetables and herbs. 15-5-15 or other calcium/potassium nitrate fertilizer. temperatures below 70°F (21°C) are Post-Production Care • Fertilize every 2 to 3 irrigations. recommended during retail display. • Optimum conditions may be difficult Optimum Temperature • Supplement with magnesium 1 to 2 times during this stage, using magnesium to maintain, especially if plants are • Night: 60 to 62°F (15 to 17°C) displayed outside. • Day: 60 to 65°F (15 to 18°C) sulfate or magnesium nitrate. Do not mix • Optimum conditions may be difficult magnesium sulfate with calcium nitrate Light to maintain, especially if plants are as precipitate will form. Swiss Chard grows best in full sun; displayed outside. however partial shading may be beneficial during retail display. Light Strawberries perform best in full sun; Common Problems however partial shading may be beneficial Insects: Aphids, Whitefly, Fungus gnats during retail display. Diseases: Pythium, Rhizoctonia Crop Timing Baskets with 3 to 4 plugs per baskets: 11 to 13 weeks Common Problems Insects: Spider mites Diseases: Leaf spots, Mildew
800 879-BALL ballseed.com 59 Vegetable GrowerFacts
Light Napa Grape Hybrid Bumper Crop Tomatoes grow best in full sun; however A Burpee Home Gardens® Exclusive. partial shading may be beneficial during Grafted Tomato retail display. Old German Orange Wellington Big Rainbow Common Problems A Burpee Home Gardens® Exclusive. A Burpee Home Gardens® Exclusive. Insects: Aphids, Thrips, Whitefly Black Krim Diseases: Botrytis, TSWV (INSV), Pythium, Phoenix A Burpee Home Gardens® Exclusive. Rhizoctonia Pineapple Brandywine Pink Red Grape ® A Burpee Home Gardens Exclusive. Rutgers Brandywine Red Tomato A Burpee Home Gardens® Exclusive. Lycopersicon escuelentum Steak Sandwich Hybrid A Burpee Home Gardens® Exclusive. Mortgage Lifter Better Boy A Burpee Home Gardens® Exclusive. Sungold Big Beef San Marzano Supersteak Hybrid A Burpee Home Gardens® Exclusive. Big Daddy SuperTasty Hybrid ® A Burpee Home Gardens Exclusive. A Burpee Home Gardens® Exclusive. Growing On to Finish Big Mama Hybrid Sweet 100 A Burpee Home Gardens® Exclusive. IMPORTANT: Always plant the graft Sweet Seedless Hybrid above the soil line. Big Pink Temperature A Burpee Home Gardens® Exclusive. Tomatoberry Garden • Night: 62 to 65°F (17 to 18°C) Black Cherry Tumbler • Day: 65 to 70°F (18 to 21°C) Black Pearl Hybrid Tye Dye Light A Burpee Home Gardens® Exclusive. Yellow Pear Maintain high light levels while maintaining Black Prince moderate temperatures. Plug Production Brandy Boy Hybrid Media A Burpee Home Gardens® Exclusive. Stage 1 – Time of radicle emergence Use a well-drained, disease-free soilless (2 to 3 days) medium with a medium initial nutrient Brandywine Pink • Soil temperature 70 to 75°F (21 to 24°C). charge and a pH of 5.5 to 6.2. Brandywine Red • Keep media evenly moist but not Fertilization saturated. BOOST ‘Cherry Punch’ • Cover the seed with coarse vermiculite. • Tomatoes respond to increased A Burpee Home Gardens® Exclusive. fertilization with increased growth. • Light is not needed for germination until BOOST Mighty Sweet radicle emergence. • Earliest garden yield comes from plants ® which have not been stressed from A Burpee Home Gardens Exclusive. • Soil pH 5.5 to 5.8 and soluble salts (EC) insufficient nutrition. BOOST ‘Power Pops’ less than 0.50 mmhos/cm (2:1 extraction). • Fertilize every third irrigation with 15-0-15 A Burpee Home Gardens® Exclusive. or 15-5-15 at 100 to 150 ppm nitrogen. • Tomatoes are very sensitive to high salts, BOOST ‘Solar Power’ particularly high ammonium, during • Maintain medium electrical conductivity A Burpee Home Gardens® Exclusive. around 1.0 mmhos/cm (using 1:2 germination. ® extraction). BOOST Tasti-Lee • Keep ammonium levels to less than A Burpee Home Gardens® Exclusive. 10 ppm. Controlling Height ® Burpee’s Big Boy Stage 2 – Stem and cotyledon • Once plants are rooted to the sides of the emergence (7 days) containers, they can be allowed to wilt Bush Champion II • Soil temperature 68 to 72°F (20 to 22°C). prior to irrigation to provide some height Bush Early Girl • Reduce moisture levels once radicle control. emergence occurs. Allow the soil to dry • Height can also be controlled by Celebrity out slightly before watering for best withholding fertilizer, especially Champion II germination and rooting. phosphorous and ammonium-form • Light levels can be increased to nitrogen. Cherokee Purple 1,000 to 1,500 foot-candles. • Tomatoes are responsive to day/night Delicious • Keep soil pH to 5.5 to 5.8 and EC to temperature differential (DIF), and are less than 0.50 mmhos/cm. shorter with a negative DIF. Early Girl • Begin fertilizing with 50 to 75 ppm N • Although Sumagic is labeled for use on Fourth Of July from 14‑0‑14, 15-5-15 or a calcium/ Tomatoes, we do not recommend its use A Burpee Home Gardens® Exclusive. potassium nitrate feed once cotyledons until the grower has at least trialed it on are fully expanded. a limited basis. Application rates, timing Fresh Salsa Hybrid Keep ammonium levels to less than A Burpee Home Gardens® Exclusive. • and variety response may affect growth 10 ppm. for the home gardener. Jet Star • Alternate feed with clear water. Irrigate early in the day so foliage is dry POST-PRODUCTION CARE Jubilee • by nightfall to prevent diseases. Temperature Lemon Boy • Tomatoes will tolerate warm Mortgage Lifter temperatures, however temperatures below 70°F (21°C) are recommended during retail display. • Optimum conditions may be difficult to maintain, especially if plants are displayed outside. 60 800 879-BALL ballseed.com Vegetable GrowerFacts
Stage 3 – Growth and development of • Although Sumagic is labeled for use on Growing On to Finish true leaves (7 days) Tomatoes, we do not recommend its use Growth and development after the • Soil temperature 60 to 65°F (15 to 18°C). until the grower has at least trialed it on development of true leaves (4 to 5 weeks) • Allow the soil to dry thoroughly between a limited basis. Application rates, timing irrigations but avoid permanent wilting and variety response may affect growth Temperature to promote root growth and control for the home gardener. • Night: 65 to 70°F (18 to 21°C) shoot growth. • Day: 68 to 75°F (20 to 24°C) • Increase light intensity to 1,000 to 2,500 Post-Production Care • Allow the soil to dry thoroughly between irrigations but avoid permanent wilting foot-candles. Temperature to promote root growth and control • Maintain soil pH at 5.5 to 5.8 and EC less Tomatoes will tolerate warm • shoot growth. than 0.75 mmhos/cm. temperatures, however temperatures • Increase feed to 50 to 75 ppm N with below 70°F (21°C) are recommended Fertilization 14‑0‑14, 15-5-15 or other calcium/ during retail display. • Increase feed to 100 to 150 ppm N from potassium nitrate fertilizer. • Optimum conditions may be difficult 20‑10‑20 alternating with 14‑0‑14, • Fertilize every 2 to 3 irrigations. to maintain, especially if plants are 15-5-15 or other calcium/potassium • If using 15-0-15, supplement with displayed outside. nitrate fertilizer. magnesium 1 to 2 times during this • Fertilize every 2 to 3 irrigations. Light stage, using magnesium sulfate • If using 15-0-15, supplement with Tomatoes grow best in full sun; however (16 oz./100 gal.) or magnesium nitrate. magnesium 1 to 2 times during this partial shading may be beneficial during Do not mix magnesium sulfate with stage, using magnesium sulfate retail display. calcium nitrate as precipitate will form. (16 oz./100 gal.) or magnesium nitrate. Use DIF whenever possible, especially • Common Problems Do not mix magnesium sulfate with the first 2 hours after sunrise, to control Insects: Aphids, Thrips, Whitefly calcium nitrate as precipitate will form. plant height. Diseases: Botrytis, TSWV (INSV), Pythium, • Maintain soil pH at 5.8 to 6.2. Stage 4 – Plugs ready for transplanting Rhizoctonia Controlling Height or shipping (7 days) • Use DIF whenever possible, especially • Soil temperature 60 to 62°F (15 to 17°C). the first 2 hours after sunrise, to control • Allow soil to dry thoroughly between plant height. irrigations. Watermelon • Height can also be controlled by • Maintain soil pH at 5.5 to 5.8 and EC Citrullus lanatus withholding fertilizer, especially less than 0.75 mmhos/cm. phosphorous and ammonium-form • Fertilize with 14‑0‑14, 15-5-15 or Crimson Sweet nitrogen. calcium/potassium nitrate feed at Sugar Baby Chemical PGRs can not be used on 100 to 150 ppm N as needed. • most fruits, vegetables and herbs. Direct Sow Growing On to Finish Sow seed directly into finish container. Light Temperature Maintain light levels as high as possible • Night: 62 to 65°F (17 to 18°C) Time of radicle emergence (2 to 4 days) while maintaining moderate temperatures. • Day: 65 to 70°F (18 to 21°C) • Soil temperature 75 to 80°F (24 to 27°C). Media Light • Keep media very moist, near saturation. Use a well-drained, disease-free soilless Maintain high light levels while maintaining • Seed are to be covered. medium with a medium initial nutrient moderate temperatures. • Soil pH 5.8 to 6.2 and soluble salts (EC) charge and a pH of 5.8 to 6.2. less than 0.75 mmhos/cm (2:1 extraction). Media • Avoid high salts and particularly high Post-Production Care Use a well-drained, disease-free soilless ammonium during germination. Optimum Temperature medium with a medium initial nutrient • Keep ammonium levels to less than Night: 65 to 70°F (18 to 21°C) charge and a pH of 5.5 to 6.2. 10 ppm. • • Day: 70 to 75°F (18 to 24°C) Fertilization After stem and cotyledon emergence • Optimum conditions may be difficult • Tomatoes respond to increased (7 days) to maintain, especially if plants are fertilization with increased growth. • Soil temperature 65 to 70°F (18 to 21°C). displayed outside. • Earliest garden yield comes from plants • Reduce moisture levels. Allow the soil to Light which have not been stressed from dry out slightly before watering for Watermelon prefers full sun although insufficient nutrition. best rooting. partial shade may be beneficial in • Fertilize every third irrigation with 15-0-15 • Keep soil pH to 5.8 to 6.2 and EC to less retail areas. or 15-5-15 at 100 to 150 ppm nitrogen. than 0.75 mmhos/cm. • Maintain medium electrical • Begin fertilizing with 50 to 75 ppm N Common Problems conductivity around 1.0 mmhos/cm from 14-0-14, 15-5-15 or a Insects: Whitefly, Spider mites (using 1:2 extraction). calcium/potassium nitrate feed once Diseases: Fungal diseases cotyledons are fully expanded. Controlling Height • Alternate feed with clear water. • Once plants are rooted to the sides of • Irrigate early in the day so foliage is dry the containers, they can be allowed to by nightfall to prevent diseases. wilt prior to irrigation to provide some height control. • Height can also be controlled by withholding fertilizer, especially phosphorous and ammonium-form nitrogen. • Tomatoes are responsive to day/night temperature differential (DIF), and are shorter with a negative DIF.
800 879-BALL ballseed.com 61 Herb GrowerFacts
Stage 4 – Plugs ready for transplanting Basil or shipping (7 days) Catnip Ocimum basilicum • Soil temperature 62 to 65°F (17 to 18°C). Nepeta cataria • Allow soil to dry thoroughly between Hardy zones 3–9 Boxwood irrigations. • Maintain soil pH at 5.5 to 5.8 and EC Plug Production Cardinal less than 0.75 mmhos/cm. Nufar • Fertilize with 14‑0‑14, 15-5-15 or calcium/ Stage 1 – Time of radicle emergence potassium nitrate feed at 100 to 150 ppm (2 to 3 days) Red Rubin N as needed. • Soil temperature 70 to 75°F (21 to 24°C). Siam Queen • Keep media evenly moist but not Sweet Dani Lemon Growing On to Finish saturated. Temperature • Cover the seed lightly with coarse Sweet Italian Large Leaf • Night: 60 to 65°F (15 to 18°C) vermiculite. • Day: 65 to 70°F (18 to 21°C) • Light is not needed for germination Sweet Mammoth until radicle emergence. Light Plug Production • Soil pH 5.5 to 5.8 and soluble salts (EC) Maintain light levels as high as possible Note: Direct sowing into the finish less than 0.75 mmhos/cm (2:1 extraction). while maintaining moderate temperatures. container is an alternative. • Mint is very sensitive to high salts, particularly high ammonium, during Media germination. Stage 1 – Time of radicle emergence Use a well-drained, disease-free soilless Keep ammonium levels to less than (5 to 8 days) • medium with a medium initial nutrient 10 ppm. • Soil temperature 65 to 70°F (18 to 21°C). charge and a pH of 5.5 to 6.2. • Keep media very moist, near saturation. Stage 2 – Stem and cotyledon • Seed should be covered. Fertilization emergence (3 to 5 days) • Soil pH 5.5 to 5.8 and soluble salts (EC) • Fertilize every other irrigation with • Soil temperature 70 to 75°F (21 to 24°C). less than 0.75 mmhos/cm (2:1 extraction). 15-0-15 alternating with 20-10-20 at • Reduce moisture levels once radicle • Basil is very sensitive to high salts, 150 ppm nitrogen. emergence occurs. Allow the soil to dry particularly high ammonium, during • Maintain medium electrical out slightly before watering for best germination. conductivity around 1.0 mmhos/cm germination and rooting. • Keep ammonium levels to less than (using 1:2 extraction). • Keep soil pH at 5.5 to 5.8 and EC 10 ppm. Controlling Height less than 0.75 mmhos/cm. Keep ammonium levels to less than Stage 2 – Stem and cotyledon • Once plants are rooted to the sides of • 10 ppm. emergence (7 days) the containers, they can be allowed to • Begin fertilizing with 50 to 75 ppm • Soil temperature 65 to 70°F (18 to 21°C). wilt prior to irrigation to provide some N from 14-0-14, 15-5-15 or a calcium/ • Reduce moisture levels once radicle height control. potassium nitrate feed once cotyledons emergence occurs. Allow the soil to dry • Height can also be controlled by are fully expanded. out slightly before watering for best withholding fertilizer, especially Alternate feed with clear water. germination and rooting. phosphorous and ammonium-form • • Irrigate early in the day so foliage is dry • Keep soil pH at 5.5 to 5.8 and EC nitrogen. by nightfall to prevent diseases. less than 0.75 mmhos/cm. • Basil is responsive to day/night • Keep ammonium levels to less than temperature differential (DIF), and Stage 3 – Growth and development of 10 ppm. is shorter with a negative DIF. true leaves (5 to 7 days) • Begin fertilizing with 50 to 75 ppm N • Chemical PGRs can not be used on • Soil temperature 65 to 70°F (18 to 21°C). from 14‑0‑14, 15-5-15 or a calcium/ most vegetables and herbs. • Allow the soil to dry thoroughly between potassium nitrate feed once cotyledons irrigations but avoid permanent wilting are fully expanded. Post-Production Care to promote root growth and control • Alternate feed with clear water. Optimum Temperature shoot growth. • Irrigate early in the day so foliage is dry • Night: 62 to 65°F (17 to 18°C) • Maintain soil pH at 5.5 to 5.8 and EC by nightfall to prevent diseases. • Day: 65 to 70°F (18 to 21°C) less than 1.0 mmhos/cm. Increase feed to 100 to 150 ppm N from Stage 3 – Growth and development of • Optimum conditions may be difficult • 20-10-20, alternating with 14-0-14, true leaves (7 to 10 days) to maintain, especially if plants are 15-5-15 or other calcium/potassium • Soil temperature 62 to 65°F (17 to 18°C). displayed outside. nitrate fertilizer. • Allow the soil to dry thoroughly between Light Fertilize every 2 to 3 irrigations. irrigations but avoid permanent wilting • Basil grows best in full sun; however If using 15-0-15, supplement with to promote root growth and control • partial shading may be beneficial during magnesium 1 to 2 times during this shoot growth. retail display. stage, using magnesium sulfate • Maintain soil pH at 5.5 to 5.8 and EC (16 oz./100 gal.) or magnesium nitrate. less than 1.0 mmhos/cm. Common Problems Do not mix magnesium sulfate with • Increase feed to 100 to 150 ppm N from Insects: White fly, Aphids calcium nitrate as precipitate will form. 20‑10‑20, alternating with 14‑0‑14, Diseases: Fungal diseases Use DIF whenever possible, for the 15-5-15 or other calcium/potassium • first 2 hours after sunrise, to control nitrate fertilizer. plant height. • Fertilize every 2 to 3 irrigations. • If using 15-0-15, supplement with Stage 4 ‑ Plugs ready for transplanting magnesium 1 to 2 times during this or shipping (7 days) stage, using magnesium sulfate • Soil temperature 62 to 65°F (17 to 18°C). (16 oz./100 gal.) or magnesium nitrate. • Allow soil to dry thoroughly Do not mix magnesium sulfate with between irrigations. calcium nitrate as precipitate will form. • Maintain soil pH at 5.5 to 5.8 and EC • Use DIF whenever possible, for the less than 0.75 mmhos/cm. first 2 hours after sunrise, to control • Fertilize with 14‑0‑14 or calcium/ plant height. potassium nitrate feed at 100 to 150 ppm N as needed.
62 800 879-BALL ballseed.com Herb GrowerFacts
Growing On to Finish • Soil pH 5.8 to 6.2 and soluble salts (EC) Light Temperature less than 0.75 mmhos/cm (2:1 extraction). Chives prefer full sun. • Night: 55 to 60°F (13 to 15°C) • Avoid high salts and particularly high ammonium during germination. Common Problems • Day: 60 to 62°F (15 to 17°C) Diseases: Fungal diseases • Cooler temperatures will produce more • Keep ammonium levels to less than compact growth. 10 ppm. • Warm temperatures promote weak After stem and cotyledon emergence growth and stretching. (7 days) • Soil temperature 65 to 70°F (18 to 21°C). Cilantro Light • Reduce moisture levels. Allow the soil Coriandrum sativum (Coriander) Maintain high light levels while maintaining to dry out slightly before watering for moderate temperatures. best rooting. Santo • Keep soil pH at 5.8 to 6.2 and EC less Media Plug Production Use a well-drained, disease-free soilless than 0.75 mmhos/cm. Note: Direct sowing into the finish medium with a medium initial nutrient • Begin fertilizing with 50 to 75 ppm N container is an alternative. charge and a pH of 5.5 to 6.2. from 14‑0‑14, 15-5-15 or a calcium/ potassium nitrate feed once cotyledons Stage 1 – Time of radicle emergence Fertilization are fully expanded. (3 to 5 days) • Fertilize every other irrigation with • Alternate feed with clear water. • Soil temperature 68 to 70°F (20 to 21°C). 15-0-15 or 15-5-15 alternating with • Irrigate early in the day so foliage is dry • Keep media very moist, near saturation. 20-10-20 at 150 to 200 ppm nitrogen. by nightfall to prevent diseases. • Cover the seed very lightly with • Maintain medium electrical vermiculite or no covering. conductivity around 1.0 mmhos/cm Growing On to Finish • Light at 100 to 400 foot-candles may be (using 1:2 extraction). Growth and development after the beneficial for germination. development of true leaves (13 to 15 weeks) Controlling Height • Soil pH 5.5 to 5.8 and soluble salts • Once plants are rooted to the sides of Temperature (EC) less than 0.50 mmhos/cm (2:1 extraction). the containers, they can be allowed to • Night: 55 to 60°F (13 to 15°C) Cilantro is very sensitive to high salts, wilt prior to irrigation to provide some • Day: 65 to 70°F (18 to 21°C) • particularly high ammonium, during height control. • Allow the soil to dry thoroughly between • Height can also be controlled by irrigations but avoid permanent wilting germination. withholding fertilizer, especially to promote root growth and control • Keep ammonium levels to less than phosphorous and ammonium-form shoot growth. 10 ppm. nitrogen. Stage 2 – Stem and cotyledon • Catnip is responsive to day/night Light emergence (7 to 10 days) temperature differential (DIF), and is Maintain light levels as high as possible • Soil temperature 65 to 70°F (18 to 21°C). shorter with a negative DIF. while maintaining moderate temperatures. • Reduce moisture levels once radicle • Chemical PGRs can not be used on Media emergence occurs. Allow the soil to dry most vegetables and herbs. Use a well-drained, disease-free soilless out slightly before watering for best medium with a medium initial nutrient germination and rooting. Post-Production Care charge and a pH of 5.8 to 6.2. • Keep soil pH at 5.5 to 5.8 and EC less Optimum Temperature than 0.50 mmhos/cm. • Night: 50 to 55°F (10 to 13°C) Fertilization • Keep ammonium levels to less than • Day: 55 to 58°F (13 to 14°C) • Increase feed to 100 to 150 ppm N from 10 ppm. • Optimum conditions may be difficult 20-10-20, alternating with 14‑0‑14, • Begin fertilizing with 50 to 75 ppm N to maintain, especially if plants are 15-5-15 or other calcium/potassium from 14‑0‑14, 15-5-15 or a calcium/ displayed outside. nitrate fertilizer. potassium nitrate feed once cotyledons • Fertilize every 2 to 3 irrigations. are fully expanded. Light • If using 15-0-15, supplement with • Alternate feed with clear water. Catnip grows best in full sun; however magnesium 1 to 2 times during this • Irrigate early in the day so foliage is dry partial shading may be beneficial during stage, using magnesium sulfate by nightfall to prevent diseases. retail display. (16 oz./100 gal.) or magnesium nitrate. Stage 3 – Growth and development of Do not mix magnesium sulfate with Common Problems true leaves (7 days) calcium nitrate as precipitate will form. Insects: Aphids, Whitefly • Soil temperature 62 to 65°F (17 to 18°C). • Maintain soil pH at 5.8 to 6.2. Diseases: Botrytis • Allow the soil to dry thoroughly between Controlling Height irrigations but avoid permanent wilting • Use DIF whenever possible, especially to promote root growth and control the first 2 hours after sunrise, to control shoot growth. Chives plant height. • Maintain soil pH at 5.5 to 5.8 and EC less • Height can also be controlled by than 0.75 mmhos/cm. Garlic Allium tuberosum withholding fertilizer, especially • Increase feed to 100 to 150 ppm N from phosphorous and ammonium-form 20-10-20, alternating with 14‑0‑14, Onion Allium schoenoprasum nitrogen. 15-5-15 or other calcium/potassium Hardy zones 3–9 • Chemical PGRs can not be used on nitrate fertilizer. most vegetables and herbs. • Fertilize every 2 to 3 irrigations. Direct Sow • If using 15-0-15, supplement with Sow seed directly into finish container. Post-Production Care magnesium 1 to 2 times during this stage, Optimum Temperature using magnesium sulfate (16 oz./100 gal.) Time of radicle emergence (2 to 5 days) or magnesium nitrate. Do not mix • Soil temperature 70 to 75°F (21 to 24°C). • Night: 62 to 65°F (17 to 18°C) • Day: 65 to 70°F (18 to 21°C) magnesium sulfate with calcium nitrate • Keep media very moist, near saturation. as precipitate will form. • Seed should be covered. • Optimum conditions may be difficult to maintain, especially if plants are • Use DIF whenever possible, for the displayed outside. first 2 hours after sunrise, to control plant height.
800 879-BALL ballseed.com 63 Herb GrowerFacts
Cilantro continued Stage 4 – Plugs ready for transplanting Dill or shipping (7 days) Stage 4 – Plugs ready for transplanting Anethum graveolens • Soil temperature 62 to 65°F (17 to 18°C). or shipping (5 to 7 days) • Allow soil to dry thoroughly between • Soil temperature 60 to 62°F (16 to 17°C). Dill irrigations. • Allow soil to dry thoroughly Fernleaf • Gradually increase light intensity to between irrigations. 1,500 to 2,500 foot-candles. • Maintain soil pH at 5.5 to 5.8 and EC Plug Production • Maintain soil pH at 5.5 to 5.8 and EC less than 0.75 mmhos/cm. to less than 0.75 mmhos/cm. Note: Direct sowing into the finish Fertilize with 14‑0‑14 or calcium/ • Fertilize with 14‑0‑14, 15-5-15 or calcium/ container is recommended. • potassium nitrate feed at 100 to 150 ppm potassium nitrate feed at 100 to 150 ppm N as needed. N as needed. Stage 1 – Time of radicle emergence • If not potted up once established in the (4 to 7 days) Growing On to Finish cell pack, dill will flower within 10 weeks. • Soil temperature 68 to 72°F (20 to 22°C). Temperature • Keep media evenly moist but not Growing On to Finish • Night: 55 to 60°F (13 to 15°C) saturated. • Day: 55 to 65°F (13 to 18°C) • Do not cover or bury the seed. Temperature • Light at 100 to 400 foot-candles may be • Night: 55 to 60°F (13 to 15°C) Light beneficial for germination. • Day: 60 to 65°F (15 to 18°C) Maintain light levels as high as possible • Soil pH 5.5 to 5.8 and soluble salts (EC) while maintaining moderate temperatures. Light less than 0.75 mmhos/cm (2:1 extraction). Maintain high light levels while maintaining Media • Dill is very sensitive to high salts, moderate temperatures. Use a well-drained, disease-free soilless particularly high ammonium, during medium with a medium initial nutrient germination. Media charge and a pH of 5.5 to 6.2. • Keep ammonium levels to less than Use a well-drained, disease-free soilless 10 ppm. medium with a medium initial nutrient Fertilization charge and a pH of 5.5 to 6.2. • Fertilize every other irrigation with Stage 2 – Stem and cotyledon 15-0-15 or 15-5-15 alternating with emergence (5 to 8 days) Fertilization 20-10-20 at 150 to 200 ppm nitrogen. • Soil temperature 68 to 72°F (20 to 22°C). • Fertilize every other irrigation with • Maintain medium electrical • Reduce moisture levels once radicle 15-0-15 or 15-5-15 alternating with conductivity around 1.0 memos/cm emergence occurs. Allow the soil to dry 20-10-20 at 150 to 200 ppm nitrogen. (using 1:2 extraction). out slightly before watering for best • Maintain medium electrical germination and rooting. conductivity around 1.0 mmhos/cm Controlling Height • Gradually increase light levels to (using 1:2 extraction). • Once plants are rooted to the sides of the 500 to 1,000 foot-candles. containers, they can be allowed to wilt • Keep soil pH at 5.5 to 5.8 and EC Controlling Height prior to irrigation to provide some less than 0.75 mmhos/cm. • Once plants are rooted to the sides of height control. • Keep ammonium levels to less than the containers, they can be allowed to • Height can also be controlled by 10 ppm. wilt prior to irrigation to provide some withholding fertilizer, especially • Begin fertilizing with 50 to 75 ppm height control. phosphorous and ammonium-form N from 14‑0‑14, 15-5-15 or a calcium/ • Height can also be controlled by nitrogen. potassium nitrate feed once cotyledons withholding fertilizer, especially • Cilantro is responsive to day/night are fully expanded. phosphorous and ammonium-form temperature differential (DIF), and is • Alternate feed with clear water. nitrogen. shorter with a negative DIF. • Irrigate early in the day so foliage is dry • Dill is responsive to day/night • Chemical PGRs can not be used on by nightfall to prevent diseases. temperature differential (DIF), most vegetables and herbs. and is shorter with a negative DIF. Stage 3 – Growth and development of • Chemical PGRs can not be used on Post-Production Care true leaves (14 to 21 days) most vegetables and herbs. • Soil temperature 65 to 68°F (18 to 20°C). Optimum Temperature • Allow the soil to dry thoroughly between Post-Production Care • Night: 50 to 55°F (10 to 13°C) irrigations but avoid permanent wilting Temperature • Day: 55 to 58°F (13 to 14°C) to promote root growth and control Night: 55 to 60°F (13 to 15°C) • Optimum conditions may be difficult shoot growth. • • Day: 60 to 65°F (16 to 18°C) to maintain, especially if plants are • Maintain soil pH at 5.5 to 5.8 and EC less Optimum conditions may be difficult displayed outside. than 1.0 mmhos/cm. • to maintain, especially if plants are • Increase feed to 100 to 150 ppm N from Light displayed outside. 20-10-20, alternating with 14‑0‑14 or Cilantro grows best in full sun; however Using a negative DIF will help keep the other calcium/potassium nitrate fertilizer. • partial shading may be beneficial during plants short and of high quality. retail display. • Gradually increase light intensity to 1,000 to 1,500 foot-candles. Light Common Problems • Fertilize every 2 to 3 irrigations. Dill prefers full sun. Partial shading may Insects: Aphids • If 15-0-15 is used, supplement with be beneficial during retail display. Diseases: Botrytis, Pythium, Rhizoctonia magnesium 1 to 2 times during this stage, using magnesium sulfate Common Problems (16 oz./100 gal.) or magnesium nitrate. Insects: Aphids Do not mix magnesium sulfate with Diseases: Fungal diseases calcium nitrate as precipitate will form. • Use DIF whenever possible, for the first 2 hours after sunrise, to control plant height. • Chemical PGRs can not be used on vegetables and herbs.
64 800 879-BALL ballseed.com Herb GrowerFacts
Stage 4 – Plugs ready for transplanting Lavender or shipping (7 days) Oregano Lavandula angustifolia • Soil temperature 62 to 65°F (17 to 18°C). Origanum vulgare (Common Oregano) Hardy zones 5–8 • Allow soil to dry thoroughly between irrigations. Origanum herocieoticum (Greek Oregano) Ellagance Ice, Purple & Sky • Gradually increase light intensity to Hardy zones 5–9 full intensity. Oregano Plug Production Maintain soil pH at 5.5 to 5.8 and EC • Greek Oregano Stage 1 – Time of radicle emergence less than 0.75 mmhos/cm. (7 to 10 days) • Fertilize with 14‑0‑14, 15-5-15 or Plug Production • Soil temperature 68 to 72°F (20 to 22°C). calcium/potassium nitrate feed at 100 to 150 ppm N as needed. Stage 1 – Time of radicle emergence • Keep media evenly moist but not (5 to 7 days) saturated. Growing On to Finish • Soil temperature 68 to 70°F (20 to 21°C). • Do not cover or bury the seed. Temperature • Soil pH 5.5 to 5.8 and soluble salts (EC) • Light at 100 to 400 foot-candles less than 0.75 mmhos/cm (2:1 extraction). • Night: 60 to 65°F (15 to 18°C) is beneficial for germination. Oregano is very sensitive to high salts, • Day: 65 to 70°F (18 to 21°C) • • Soil pH 5.5 to 5.8 and soluble salts (EC) particularly high ammonium, during less than 0.75 mmhos/cm (2:1 extraction). Light germination. Lavender is very sensitive to high salts, • Maintain high light levels while maintaining • Keep ammonium levels to less than particularly high ammonium, moderate temperatures. 10 ppm. during germination. • Cover the seed lightly with coarse • Keep ammonium levels to less than Media vermiculite 10 ppm. Use a well-drained, disease-free soilless medium with a medium initial nutrient Stage 2 – Stem and cotyledon Stage 2 – Stem and cotyledon emergence (7 to 14 days) emergence (7 to 14 days) charge and a pH of 5.5 to 6.2. • Soil temperature 62 to 65°F (17 to 18°C). Soil temperature 68 to 72°F (20 to 22°C). • Fertilization • Reduce moisture levels once radicle • Reduce moisture levels once radicle • Fertilize every other irrigation with emergence occurs. Allow the soil to dry emergence occurs. Allow the soil to dry 15-0-15 or 15-5-15 alternating with out slightly before watering for best out slightly before watering for best 20-10-20 at 150 to 200 ppm nitrogen. germination and rooting. germination and rooting. • Maintain medium electrical • Keep soil pH at 5.5 to 5.8 and EC less • Gradually increase light levels to 500 to conductivity around 1.0 mmhos/cm than 0.75 mmhos/cm. 1,000 foot-candles. (using 1:2 extraction). • Keep ammonium levels to less than • Keep soil pH at 5.5 to 5.8 and EC less 10 ppm. Controlling Height than 0.75 mmhos/cm. Begin fertilizing with 50 to 75 ppm Once plants are rooted to the sides of • • Keep ammonium levels to less than • N from 14‑0‑14, 15-5-15 or a calcium/ the containers, they can be allowed to 10 ppm. potassium nitrate feed once cotyledons wilt prior to irrigation to provide some • Begin fertilizing with 50 to 75 ppm are fully expanded. height control. N from 14‑0‑14, 15-5-15 or a calcium/ Alternate feed with clear water. Height can also be controlled by • potassium nitrate feed once cotyledons • Irrigate early in the day so foliage is dry withholding fertilizer, especially • are fully expanded. by nightfall to prevent diseases. • Alternate feed with clear water. phosphorous and ammonium-form • Irrigate early in the day so foliage is dry nitrogen. Stage 3 – Growth and development of by nightfall to prevent diseases. • Lavender is responsive to day/night true leaves (10 to 14 days) temperature differential (DIF), and is • Soil temperature 62 to 65°F (17 to 18°C). Stage 3 – Growth and development of shorter with a negative DIF. • Allow the soil to dry thoroughly between true leaves (14 to 21 days) Chemical PGRs can not be used on irrigations but avoid permanent wilting Soil temperature 65 to 68°F (18 to 20°C). • • most vegetables and herbs. to promote root growth and control • Allow the soil to dry thoroughly between shoot growth. irrigations but avoid permanent wilting Post-Production Care • Maintain soil pH at 5.5 to 5.8 and EC to promote root growth and control less than 1.0 mmhos/cm. shoot growth. Optimum Temperature • Night: 55 to 60°F (13 to 15°C) • Increase feed to 100 to 150 ppm N from • Maintain soil pH at 5.5 to 5.8 and EC less 20-10-20, alternating with 14‑0‑14, than 1.0 mmhos/cm. • Day: 60 to 65°F (15 to 18°C) • Optimum conditions may be difficult 15-5-15 or other calcium/potassium • Increase feed to 100 to 150 ppm N from nitrate fertilizer. 20-10-20, alternating with 14‑0‑14 or to maintain, especially if plants are • Fertilize every 2 to 3 irrigations. other calcium/potassium nitrate fertilizer. displayed outside. • Supplement with magnesium 1 to 2 times • Gradually increase light intensity to Light during this stage, using magnesium 1,000 to 1,500 foot-candles. Lavender prefers full sun. Partial shading sulfate (16 oz./100 gal.) or magnesium • Fertilize every 2 to 3 irrigations. may be beneficial during retail display. nitrate. Do not mix magnesium sulfate • If 15-0-15 is used, supplement with with calcium nitrate as precipitate Common Problems magnesium 1 to 2 times during this will form. stage, using magnesium sulfate Insects: Aphids • Use DIF whenever possible, for the Diseases: Fungal diseases (16 oz./100 gal.) or magnesium nitrate. first 2 hours after sunrise, to control Do not mix magnesium sulfate with plant height. calcium nitrate as precipitate will form. • Use DIF whenever possible, especially Stage 4 – Plugs ready for transplanting the first 2 hours after sunrise, to control or shipping (7 days) plant height. • Soil temperature 60 to 62°F (16 to 17°C). • Chemical PGRs can not be used on • Allow soil to dry thoroughly between vegetables and herbs. irrigations. • Maintain soil pH at 5.5 to 5.8 and EC less than 0.75 mmhos/cm. • Fertilize with 14‑0‑14, 15-5-15 or calcium/ potassium nitrate feed at 100 to 150 ppm N as needed.
800 879-BALL ballseed.com 65 Herb GrowerFacts
Oregano continued Stage 4 – Plugs ready for transplanting Parsley or shipping (5 to 7 days) Growing On to Finish Petroselinum crispum • Soil temperature 60 to 62°F (16 to 17°C). • Allow soil to dry thoroughly between Temperature irrigations. Night: 50 to 55°F (10 to 13°C) Italian Dark Single • • Maintain soil pH at 5.5 to 5.8 and EC • Day: 60 to 65°F (15 to 18°C) Triple Curled less than 0.75 mmhos/cm. Light Plug Production • Fertilize with 14‑0‑14 or calcium/ potassium nitrate feed at 100 to 150 ppm Maintain light levels as high as possible Note: Direct sowing into the finish N as needed. while maintaining moderate temperatures. container is an alternative. Media Growing On to Finish Use a well-drained, disease-free soilless Stage 1 – Time of radicle emergence (3 to 5 days) Temperature medium with a medium initial nutrient • Night: 60 to 65°F (15 to 18°C) charge and a pH of 5.5 to 6.2. • Soil temperature 68 to 70°F (20 to 21°C). • Keep media very moist, near saturation. • Day: 65 to 70°F (18 to 21°C) Fertilization • Cover the seed lightly with vermiculite or Light • Fertilize every other irrigation with do not cover. Maintain light levels as high as possible 15-0-15 or 15-5-15 alternating with • Light at 100 to 400 foot-candles may be while maintaining moderate temperatures. 20-10-20 at 150 to 200 ppm nitrogen. beneficial for germination. • Maintain medium electrical • Soil pH 5.5 to 5.8 and soluble salts Media conductivity around 1.0 mmhos/cm (EC) less than 0.50 mmhos/cm Use a well-drained, disease-free soilless (using 1:2 extraction). (2:1 extraction). medium with a medium initial nutrient • Parsley is very sensitive to high salts, charge and a pH of 5.5 to 6.2. Controlling Height particularly high ammonium, during • Once plants are rooted to the sides of germination. Fertilization the containers, they can be allowed to Fertilize every other irrigation with • Keep ammonium levels to less than • wilt prior to irrigation to provide some 10 ppm. 15-0-15 alternating with 20-10-20 at height control. 150 to 200 ppm nitrogen. • Height can also be controlled by Stage 2 – Stem and cotyledon • Maintain medium electrical withholding fertilizer, especially emergence (7 to 10 days) conductivity around 1.0 memos/cm phosphorous and ammonium-form • Soil temperature 65 to 70°F (18 to 21°C). (using 1:2 extraction). nitrogen. • Reduce moisture levels once radicle • Oregano is responsive to day/night emergence occurs. Allow the soil to dry Controlling Height temperature differential (DIF), and is out slightly before watering for best • Once plants are rooted to the sides of shorter with a negative DIF. germination and rooting. the containers, they can be allowed to • Chemical PGRs can not be used on • Keep soil pH at 5.5 to 5.8 and EC less wilt prior to irrigation to provide some most vegetables and herbs. than 0.50 mmhos/cm. height control. • Keep ammonium levels to less than • Height can also be controlled by Post-Production Care 10 ppm. withholding fertilizer, especially • Begin fertilizing with 50 to 75 ppm phosphorous and ammonium-form Optimum Temperature nitrogen. Night: 50 to 55°F (10 to 13°C) N from 14‑0‑14, 15-5-15 or a calcium/ • • Parsley is responsive to day/night • Day: 60 to 65°F (15 to 18°C) potassium nitrate feed once cotyledons are fully expanded. temperature differential (DIF), and • Oregano prefers cool temperatures. is shorter with a negative DIF. Optimum conditions may be difficult • Alternate feed with clear water. • Irrigate early in the day so foliage is dry • Chemical PGRs can not be used on to maintain, especially if plants are most vegetables and herbs. displayed outside. by nightfall to prevent diseases. Stage 3 – Growth and development of Post-Production Care Light true leaves (7 days) Oregano grows best in full sun; however Optimum Temperature • Soil temperature 62 to 65°F (17 to 18°C). partial shading may be beneficial during • Night: 50 to 55°F (10 to 13°C) • Allow the soil to dry thoroughly between Day: 55 to 58°F (13 to 14°C) retail display. irrigations but avoid permanent wilting • Optimum conditions may be difficult to promote root growth and control • Common Problems to maintain, especially if plants are shoot growth. Insects: Aphids, Whitefly displayed outside. Diseases: Pythium, Rhizoctonia • Maintain soil pH at 5.5 to 5.8 and EC less than 0.75 mmhos/cm. Light • Increase feed to 100 to 150 ppm N from Parsley grows best in full sun; 20-10-20, alternating with 14‑0‑14, however partial shading may be 15-5-15 or other calcium/potassium beneficial during retail display. nitrate fertilizer. • Fertilize every 2 to 3 irrigations. Common Problems • If using 15-0-15, supplement with Insects: Aphids magnesium 1 to 2 times during this Diseases: Botrytis, Pythium, Rhizoctonia stage, using magnesium sulfate (16 oz./100 gal.) or magnesium nitrate. Do not mix magnesium sulfate with calcium nitrate as precipitate will form. • Use DIF whenever possible, for the first 2 hours after sunrise, to control plant height. • Chemical PGRs can not be used on vegetables and herbs.
66 800 879-BALL ballseed.com Herb GrowerFacts
Stage 4 – Plugs ready for transplanting Peppermint & or shipping (7 days) Rosemary Spearmint • Soil temperature 62 to 65°F (17 to 18°C). Rosmarinus officinalis • Allow soil to dry thoroughly Hardy zones 7–10 Mentha piperita (Peppermint) between irrigations. Mentha spicata (Spearmint) • Maintain soil pH at 5.5 to 5.8 and EC less Plug Production Hardy zones 5–9 than 0.75 mmhos/cm. • Fertilize with 14‑0‑14 or calcium/ Stage 1 – Time of radicle emergence (4 to 7 days) Plug Production potassium nitrate feed at 100 to 150 ppm N as needed. • Soil temperature 68 to 72°F (20 to 22°C). Stage 1 – Time of radicle emergence • Keep media evenly moist but not (2 to 3 days) Growing On to Finish saturated. • Soil temperature 70 to 75°F (21 to 24°C). Temperature • Do not cover or bury the seed. • Keep media evenly moist but not • Night: 55 to 60°F (13 to 15°C) • Light at 100 to 400 foot-candles may saturated. • Day: 60 to 62°F (15 to 17°C) be beneficial for germination. • Cover the seed lightly with coarse • Cooler temperatures will produce • Soil pH 5.5 to 5.8 and soluble salts (EC) vermiculite. more compact growth. less than 0.75 mmhos/cm (2:1 extraction). • Light is not needed for germination • Warm temperatures promote weak • Rosemary is very sensitive to high salts, until radicle emergence. growth and stretching. particularly high ammonium, during • Soil pH 5.5 to 5.8 and soluble salts (EC) germination. less than 0.75 mmhos/cm (2:1 extraction). Light • Keep ammonium levels to less than • Mints are very sensitive to high salts, Maintain high light levels while maintaining 10 ppm. particularly high ammonium, during moderate temperatures. Stage 2 – Stem and cotyledon germination. emergence (5 to 8 days) Keep ammonium levels to less than Media • • Soil temperature 68 to 72°F (20 to 22°C). 10 ppm. Use a well-drained, disease-free soilless medium with a medium initial nutrient • Reduce moisture levels once radicle Stage 2 – Stem and cotyledon charge and a pH of 5.5 to 6.2. emergence occurs. Allow the soil to dry emergence (3 to 5 days) out slightly before watering for best • Soil temperature 70 to 75°F (21 to 24°C). Fertilization germination and rooting. • Reduce moisture levels once radicle • Fertilize every other irrigation with • Gradually increase light levels to emergence occurs. Allow the soil to dry 15-0-15 or 15-5-15 alternating with 500 to 1,000 foot-candles. out slightly before watering for best 20-10-20 at 150 to 200 ppm nitrogen. • Keep soil pH at 5.5 to 5.8 and EC less germination and rooting. • Maintain medium electrical than 0.75 mmhos/cm. • Keep soil pH at 5.5 to 5.8 and EC less conductivity around 1.0 mmhos/cm • Keep ammonium levels to less than than 0.75 mmhos/cm. (using 1:2 extraction). 10 ppm. Keep ammonium levels to less than • Controlling Height • Begin fertilizing with 50 to 75 ppm 10 ppm. • Once plants are rooted to the sides of N from 14‑0‑14, 15-5-15 or a calcium/ Begin fertilizing with 50 to 75 ppm • the containers, they can be allowed to potassium nitrate feed once cotyledons N from 14-0-14, 15-5-15 or a calcium/ wilt prior to irrigation to provide some are fully expanded. potassium nitrate feed once cotyledons height control. • Alternate feed with clear water. are fully expanded. • Height can also be controlled by • Irrigate early in the day so foliage is dry Alternate feed with clear water. • withholding fertilizer, especially by nightfall to prevent diseases. Irrigate early in the day so foliage is dry • phosphorous and ammonium-form Stage 3 – Growth and development of by nightfall to prevent diseases. nitrogen. true leaves (14 to 21 days) Stage 3 – Growth and development of • Mints are responsive to day/night • Soil temperature 65 to 68°F (18 to 20°C). true leaves (5 to 7 days) temperature differential (DIF), • Allow the soil to dry thoroughly between • Soil temperature 65 to 70°F (18 to 21°C). and are shorter with a negative DIF. irrigations but avoid permanent wilting • Allow the soil to dry thoroughly between • Chemical PGRs can not be used on to promote root growth and control irrigations but avoid permanent wilting most vegetables and herbs. shoot growth. to promote root growth and control • Maintain soil pH at 5.5 to 5.8 and EC less shoot growth. Post-Production Care than 1.0 mmhos/cm. • Maintain soil pH at 5.5 to 5.8 and EC less Optimum Temperature • Increase feed to 100 to 150 ppm N from than 1.0 mmhos/cm. • Night: 50 to 55°F (10 to 13°C) 20-10-20, alternating with 14‑0‑14, • Increase feed to 100 to 150 ppm N from • Day: 55 to 58°F (13 to 14°C) 15-5-15 or other calcium/potassium 20-10-20, alternating with 14-0-14, • Optimum conditions may be difficult nitrate fertilizer. 15-5-15 or other calcium/potassium to maintain, especially if plants are • Gradually increase light intensity to nitrate fertilizer. displayed outside. 1,000 to 1,500 foot-candles. • Fertilize every 2 to 3 irrigations. • Fertilize every 2 to 3 irrigations. • If using 15-0-15, supplement with Light • If 15-0-15 is used, supplement with magnesium 1 to 2 times during this Mints grow best in full sun; however magnesium 1 to 2 times during this stage, using magnesium sulfate partial shading may be beneficial during stage, using magnesium sulfate (16 oz./100 gal.) or magnesium nitrate. retail display. (16 oz./100 gal.) or magnesium nitrate. Do not mix magnesium sulfate with Common Problems Do not mix magnesium sulfate with calcium nitrate as precipitate will form. Insects: Aphids, Whitefly calcium nitrate as precipitate will form. • Use DIF whenever possible, for the Diseases: Botrytis • Use DIF whenever possible, for the first 2 first 2 hours after sunrise, to control hours after sunrise, to control plant height. plant height. • Chemical PGRs can not be used on vegetables and herbs.
800 879-BALL ballseed.com 67 Herb GrowerFacts
Rosemary continued Growing On to Finish Sage Temperature Stage 4 – Plugs ready for transplanting Salvia officinalis • Night: 55 to 60°F (13 to 15°C) or shipping (7 days) Hardy zones 5–8 • Day: 60 to 65°F (15 to 18°C) • Soil temperature 62 to 65°F (17 to 18°C). Light • Allow soil to dry thoroughly between Plug Production irrigations. Maintain light levels as high as possible • Gradually increase light intensity to Stage 1 – Time of radicle emergence while maintaining moderate temperatures. 1,500 to 2,500 foot-candles. (5 to 7 days) • Soil temperature 68 to 70°F (20 to 21°C). Media • Maintain soil pH at 5.5 to 5.8 and EC less Use a well-drained, disease-free soilless than 0.75 mmhos/cm. • Soil pH 5.5 to 5.8 and soluble salts (EC) less than 0.75 mmhos/cm (2:1 extraction). medium with a medium initial nutrient • Fertilize with 14‑0‑14, 15-5-15 or charge and a pH of 5.5 to 6.2. calcium/potassium nitrate feed at • Sage is very sensitive to high salts, 100 to 150 ppm N as needed. particularly high ammonium, during Fertilization • If not potted up once established in the germination. • Fertilize every other irrigation with cell pack, Rosemary will flower within • Keep ammonium levels to less than 15-0-15 or 15-5-15 alternating with 10 weeks. 10 ppm. 20-10-20 at 150 to 200 ppm nitrogen. • Cover the seed lightly with • Maintain medium electrical Growing On to Finish coarse vermiculite. conductivity around 1.0 mmhos/cm Temperature Stage 2 – Stem and cotyledon (using 1:2 extraction). emergence (7 to 14 days) • Night: 55 to 60°F (13 to 15°C) Controlling Height • Soil temperature 62 to 65°F (17 to 18°C). • Day: 60 to 65°F (15 to 18°C) • Once plants are rooted to the sides of • Reduce moisture levels once radicle the containers, they can be allowed to Light emergence occurs. Allow the soil to dry wilt prior to irrigation to provide some Maintain high light levels while maintaining out slightly before watering for best height control. moderate temperatures. germination and rooting. • Height can also be controlled by • Keep soil pH at 5.5 to 5.8 and EC less Media withholding fertilizer, especially than 0.75 mmhos/cm. Use a well-drained, disease-free soilless phosphorous and ammonium-form • Keep ammonium levels to less than medium with a medium initial nutrient nitrogen. 10 ppm. charge and a pH of 5.5 to 6.2. • Sage is responsive to day/night • Begin fertilizing with 50 to 75 ppm temperature differential (DIF), and is Fertilization N from 14‑0‑14, 15-5-15 or a calcium/ shorter with a negative DIF. • Fertilize every other irrigation with potassium nitrate feed once cotyledons • Chemical PGRs can not be used on 15-0-15 or 15-5-15 alternating with are fully expanded. most vegetables and herbs. 20-10-20 at 150 to 200 ppm nitrogen. • Alternate feed with clear water. • Maintain medium electrical • Irrigate early in the day so foliage is dry Post-Production Care conductivity around 1.0 mmhos/cm by nightfall to prevent diseases. (using 1:2 extraction). Optimum Temperature Stage 3 – Growth and development of • Sage prefers cool temperatures; Controlling Height true leaves (10 to 14 days) temperatures below 70°F (21°C) are • Once plants are rooted to the sides of • Soil temperature 62 to 65°F (17 to 18°C). recommended during retail display. the containers, they can be allowed to • Allow the soil to dry thoroughly between • Optimum conditions may be difficult wilt prior to irrigation to provide some irrigations but avoid permanent wilting to maintain, especially if plants are height control. to promote root growth and control displayed outside. • Height can also be controlled by shoot growth. withholding fertilizer, especially • Maintain soil pH at 5.5 to 5.8 and EC less Light phosphorous and ammonium-form than 1.0 mmhos/cm. Sage grows best in full sun; however nitrogen. • Increase feed to 100 to 150 ppm N from partial shading may be beneficial during • Rosemary is responsive to day/night 20-10-20, alternating with 14‑0‑14 or retail display. other calcium/potassium nitrate fertilizer. temperature differential (DIF), and is Common Problems shorter with a negative DIF. • Fertilize every 2 to 3 irrigations. • Supplement with magnesium 1 to 2 times Insects: Aphids, Whitefly • Chemical PGRs can not be used on Diseases: Pythium, Rhizoctonia most vegetables and herbs. during this stage, using magnesium sulfate (16 oz./100 gal.) or magnesium Post-Production Care nitrate. Do not mix magnesium sulfate with calcium nitrate as precipitate Optimum Temperature will form. • Night: 55 to 60°F (13 to 15°C) Spearmint • Use DIF whenever possible, for the • Day: 60 to 65°F (15 to 18°C) See page 67. first 2 hours after sunrise, to control • Optimum conditions may be difficult plant height. to maintain, especially if plants are displayed outside. Stage 4 – Plugs ready for transplanting or shipping (7 days) Stevia Light • Soil temperature 60 to 62°F (15 to 17°C). Stevia rebaudiana Rosemary prefers full sun. Partial shading • Allow soil to dry thoroughly between may be beneficial during retail display. irrigations. Sweet Leaf Common Problems • Maintain soil pH at 5.5 to 5.8 and EC less Insects: Aphids than 0.75 mmhos/cm. Plug Production • Fertilize with 14‑0‑14, 15-5-15 or calcium/ Diseases: Pythium Stage 1 – Time of radicle emergence potassium nitrate feed at 100 to 150 ppm (5 to 7 days) N as needed. • Soil temperature 68 to 70°F (20 to 21°C). • Soil pH 5.5 to 5.8 and soluble salts (EC) less than 0.75 mmhos/cm (2:1 extraction).
68 800 879-BALL ballseed.com Herb GrowerFacts
• Stevia is very sensitive to high salts, Fertilization Stage 3 – Growth and development of particularly high ammonium, during • Fertilize every other irrigation with true leaves (7 to 10 days) germination. 15-0-15 or 15-5-15 alternating with • Soil temperature 62 to 65°F (17 to 18°C). • Keep ammonium levels to less than 20-10-20 at 150 to 200 ppm nitrogen. • Allow the soil to dry thoroughly between 10 ppm. • Maintain medium electrical irrigations but avoid permanent wilting • Cover the seed lightly with coarse conductivity around 1.0 mmhos/cm to promote root growth and control vermiculite. (using 1:2 extraction). shoot growth. Stage 2 – Stem and cotyledon Controlling Height • Maintain soil pH at 5.5 to 5.8 and EC less emergence (7 to 10 days) • Once plants are rooted to the sides of than 1.0 mmhos/cm. • Soil temperature 62 to 65°F (17 to 18°C). the containers, they can be allowed to • Increase feed to 100 to 150 ppm N • Reduce moisture levels once radicle wilt prior to irrigation to provide some from 20-10-20 alternating with 14-0-14, emergence occurs. Allow the soil to dry height control. 15-5-15 or other calcium/potassium out slightly before watering for best • Height can also be controlled by nitrate fertilizer. germination and rooting. withholding fertilizer, especially • Fertilize every 2 to 3 irrigations. • Keep soil pH at 5.5 to 5.8 and EC less phosphorous and ammonium-form • Supplement with magnesium 1 to 2 times than 0.75 mmhos/cm. nitrogen. during this stage, using magnesium • Keep ammonium levels to less than • Stevia is responsive to day/night sulfate or magnesium nitrate. Do not mix 10 ppm. temperature differential (DIF), and is magnesium sulfate with calcium nitrate • Begin fertilizing with 50 to 75 ppm shorter with a negative DIF. as precipitate will form. N from 14-0-14, 15-5-15 or a calcium/ • Chemical PGRs can not be used on • Use DIF whenever possible, especially potassium nitrate feed once cotyledons most vegetables and herbs. the first 2 hours after sunrise, to control are fully expanded. plant height. • Alternate feed with clear water. Post-Production Care Stage 4 – Plugs ready for transplanting • Irrigate early in the day so foliage is dry Optimum Temperature or shipping (7 days) by nightfall to prevent diseases. • 68°F (20°C) is recommended during • Soil temperature 60 to 62°F (15 to 17°C). Stage 3 – Growth and development of retail display. • Allow soil to dry thoroughly between true leaves (7 to 10 days) • Optimum conditions may be difficult irrigations. • Soil temperature 62 to 65°F (17 to 18°C). to maintain, especially if plants are • Maintain soil pH at 5.5 to 5.8 and EC less • Allow the soil to dry thoroughly between displayed outside. than 0.75 mmhos/cm. • Fertilize with 14-0-14, 15-5-15 or calcium/ irrigations but avoid permanent wilting Light to promote root growth and control potassium nitrate feed at 100 to 150 ppm Stevia grows best in full sun; however N as needed. shoot growth. partial shading may be beneficial during • Maintain soil pH at 5.5 to 5.8 and EC less retail display. GROWING ON TO FINISH than 1.0 mmhos/cm. • Increase feed to 100 to 150 ppm N from Common Problems Temperature 20-10-20, alternating with 14-0-14, Insects: Aphids, Whitefly • Night: 60 to 62°F (15 to 17°C) 15-5-15 or other calcium/potassium Diseases: Pythium, Rhizoctonia • Day: 62 to 65°F (17 to 18°C) nitrate fertilizer. Light • Fertilize every 2 to 3 irrigations. Maintain light levels as high as possible • Supplement with magnesium 1 to 2 times while maintaining moderate temperatures. during this stage, using magnesium SUMMER SAVORY sulfate (16 oz./100 gal.) or magnesium Media nitrate. Do not mix magnesium sulfate Satureja hortensis Use a well-drained, disease-free soilless with calcium nitrate as precipitate medium with a medium initial nutrient will form. PLUG PRODUCTION charge and a pH of 5.5 to 6.2. • Use DIF whenever possible, for the Stage 1 – Time of radicle emergence Fertilization first 2 hours after sunrise, to control (10 to 12 days) plant height. • Fertilize every other irrigation with • Soil temperature 70 to 72°F (21 to 22°C). 15-0-15 or 15-5-15 alternating with Stage 4 – Plugs ready for transplanting • Soil pH 5.5 to 5.8 and soluble salts (EC) 20-10-20 at 150 to 200 ppm nitrogen. or shipping (7 days) less than 0.75 mmhos/cm (2:1 extraction). • Maintain medium electrical • Soil temperature 60 to 62°F (15 to 17°C). • Summer Savory is very sensitive to high conductivity around 1.0 mmhos/cm • Allow soil to dry thoroughly between salts, particularly high ammonium, (using 1:2 extraction). irrigations. during germination. • Maintain soil pH at 5.5 to 5.8 and EC less • Keep ammonium levels to less than Controlling Height than 0.75 mmhos/cm. 10 ppm. • Once plants are rooted to the sides of • Fertilize with 14-0-14, 15-5-15 or calcium/ • Do not cover the seed. the containers, they can be allowed to wilt prior to irrigation to provide some potassium nitrate feed at 100 to 150 ppm Stage 2 – Stem and cotyledon height control. N as needed. emergence (4 to 7 days) • Height can also be controlled by • Soil temperature 62 to 65°F (17 to 18°C). Growing On to Finish withholding fertilizer, especially • Reduce moisture levels once radicle phosphorous and ammonium-form Temperature emergence occurs. Allow the soil to dry nitrogen. • Night: 60 to 65°F (15 to 18°C) out slightly before watering for best • Summer Savory is responsive to • Day: 65 to 75°F (18 to 24°C) germination and rooting. day/night temperature differential (DIF), • Keep soil pH at 5.5 to 5.8 and EC to less Light and is shorter with a negative DIF. than 0.75 mmhos/cm. Maintain light levels as high as possible • Plants can stretch quickly. • Keep ammonium levels to less than while maintaining moderate temperatures. • Chemical PGRs can not be used on 10 ppm. most vegetables and herbs. Media • Begin fertilizing with 50 to 75 ppm Use a well-drained, disease-free soilless N from 14-0-14, 15-5-15 or a calcium/ medium with a medium initial nutrient potassium nitrate feed once cotyledons charge and a pH of 5.5 to 6.2. are fully expanded. • Alternate feed with clear water. • Irrigate early in the day so foliage is dry by nightfall to prevent diseases. 800 879-BALL ballseed.com 69 Herb GrowerFacts
Summer Savory continued • Fertilize every 2 to 3 irrigations. • If using 15-0-15, supplement with Sweet Marjoram POST-PRODUCTION CARE magnesium 1 to 2 times during this Origanum majorana stage, using magnesium sulfate Optimum Temperature (16 oz./100 gal.) or magnesium nitrate. Plug Production • Night: 62 to 65°F (17 to 18°C) Do not mix magnesium sulfate with • Day: 65 to 70°F (18 to 21°C) calcium nitrate as precipitate will form. Stage 1 – Time of radicle emergence • Summer Savory prefers cool • Use DIF whenever possible, for the (4 to 8 days) temperatures; temperatures below first 2 hours after sunrise, to control • Soil temperature 68 to 70°F (20 to 21°C). 70°F (21°C) are recommended during plant height. • Keep media very moist, near saturation. retail display. • Seed may be covered lightly. Stage 4 – Plugs ready for transplanting • Optimum conditions may be difficult • Soil pH 5.5 to 5.8 and soluble salts (EC) or shipping (7 days) to maintain, especially if plants are less than 0.75 mmhos/cm (2:1 extraction). • Soil temperature 62 to 65°F (17 to 18°C). displayed outside. • Sweet Marjoram is very sensitive to high • Allow soil to dry thoroughly between salts, particularly high ammonium, Light irrigations. during germination. Summer Savory grows best in full sun; • Maintain soil pH at 5.5 to 5.8 and EC • Keep ammonium levels to less than however partial shading may be beneficial less than 0.75 mmhos/cm. 10 ppm. during retail display. • Fertilize with 14‑0‑14, 15-5-15 or Stage 2 – Stem and cotyledon Common Problems calcium/potassium nitrate feed at emergence (7 days) Insects: Aphids, Whitefly, Fungus gnats 100 to 150 ppm N as needed. • Soil temperature 65 to 70°F (18 to 21°C). Diseases: Pythium, Rhizoctonia Growing On to Finish • Reduce moisture levels once radicle Temperature emergence occurs. Allow the soil to dry • Night: 55 to 60°F (13 to 15°C ) out slightly before watering for best • Day: 65 to 70°F (19 to 21°C) germination and rooting. Summer Thyme • Keep soil pH at 5.5 to 5.8 and EC less Thymus vulgaris Light than 0.75 mmhos/cm. Hardy zones 4–8 Maintain light levels as high as possible • Keep ammonium levels to less than while maintaining moderate temperatures. 10 ppm. • Begin fertilizing with 50 to 75 ppm Plug Production Media N from 14‑0‑14, 15-5-15 or a calcium/ Use a well-drained, disease-free soilless Stage 1 – Time of radicle emergence potassium nitrate feed once cotyledons medium with a medium initial nutrient (4 to 8 days) are fully expanded. charge and a pH of 5.5 to 6.2. • Soil temperature 68 to 70°F (20 to 21°C). • Alternate feed with clear water. • Keep media very moist, near saturation. Fertilization • Irrigate early in the day so foliage is dry • Seed may be covered. • Fertilize every other irrigation with by nightfall to prevent diseases. • Soil pH 5.5 to 5.8 and soluble salts (EC) 15-0-15 or 15-5-15 alternating with Stage 3 – Growth and development of less than 0.75 mmhos/cm (2:1 extraction). 20-10-20 at 150 ppm nitrogen. • Thyme is very sensitive to high salts, true leaves (14 to 20 days) • Maintain medium electrical • Soil temperature 62 to 65°F (17 to 18°C). particularly high ammonium, during conductivity around 1.0 mmhos/cm germination. • Allow the soil to dry thoroughly between (using 1:2 extraction). irrigations but avoid permanent wilting • Keep ammonium levels to less than 10 ppm. Controlling Height to promote root growth and control • Once plants are rooted to the sides of shoot growth. Stage 2 – Stem and cotyledon the containers, they can be allowed to • Maintain soil pH at 5.5 to 5.8 and EC emergence (7 days) wilt prior to irrigation to provide some less than 1.0 mmhos/cm. • Soil temperature 65 to 70°F (18 to 21°C). height control. • Increase feed to 100 to 150 ppm N from • Reduce moisture levels once radicle • Height can also be controlled by 20-10-20, alternating with 14‑0‑14, emergence occurs. Allow the soil to dry withholding fertilizer, especially 15-5-15 or other calcium/potassium out slightly before watering for best phosphorous and ammonium-form nitrate fertilizer. germination and rooting. nitrogen. • Fertilize every 2 to 3 irrigations. • Keep soil pH at 5.5 to 5.8 and EC less • Thyme is responsive to day/night • If using 15-0-15, supplement with than 0.75 mmhos/cm. temperature differential (DIF), magnesium 1 to 2 times during this • Keep ammonium levels to less than and is shorter with a negative DIF. stage, using magnesium sulfate 10 ppm. • Chemical PGRs can not be used on (16 oz./100 gal.) or magnesium nitrate. • Begin fertilizing with 50 to 75 ppm most vegetables and herbs. Do not mix magnesium sulfate with N from 14‑0‑14, 15-5-15 or a calcium/ calcium nitrate as precipitate will form. potassium nitrate feed once cotyledons Post-Production Care • Use DIF whenever possible, for the are fully expanded. first 2 hours after sunrise, to control Optimum Temperature • Alternate feed with clear water. plant height. • Irrigate early in the day so foliage is dry • Night: 62 to 65°F (17 to 18°C) by nightfall to prevent diseases. • Day: 65 to 70°F (18 to 21°C) Stage 4 – Plugs ready for transplanting • Optimum conditions may be difficult or shipping (7 days) Stage 3 – Growth and development of to maintain, especially if plants are • Soil temperature 62 to 65°F (17 to 18°C). true leaves (14 to 20 days) displayed outside. • Allow soil to dry thoroughly between • Soil temperature 62 to 65°F (17 to 18°C). irrigations. • Allow the soil to dry thoroughly between Light • Maintain soil pH at 5.5 to 5.8 and EC irrigations but avoid permanent wilting Thyme prefers full sun. Partial shading may less than 0.75 mmhos/cm. to promote root growth and control be beneficial during retail display. • Fertilize with 14‑0‑14, 15-5-15 or shoot growth. Common Problems calcium/potassium nitrate feed at • Maintain soil pH at 5.5 to 5.8 and EC less 100 to 150 ppm N as needed. than 1.0 mmhos/cm. Insects: Spider mites, Aphids • Increase feed to 100 to 150 ppm N from Diseases: Fungal diseases 20-10-20, alternating with 14‑0‑14, 15-5-15 or other calcium/potassium nitrate fertilizer.
70 800 879-BALL ballseed.com Herb GrowerFacts
Growing On to Finish Temperature • Night: 55 to 60°F (13 to 15°C ) • Day: 65 to 70°F (18 to 21°C) Light Maintain light levels as high as possible while maintaining moderate temperatures. Media Use a well-drained, disease-free soilless medium with a medium initial nutrient charge and a pH of 5.5 to 6.2. Fertilization • Fertilize every other irrigation with 15-0-15 or 15-5-15 alternating with 20-10-20 at 150 ppm nitrogen. • Maintain medium electrical conductivity around 1.0 mmhos/cm (using 1:2 extraction). Controlling Height • Once plants are rooted to the sides of the containers, they can be allowed to wilt prior to irrigation to provide some height control. • Height can also be controlled by withholding fertilizer, especially phosphorous and ammonium-form nitrogen. • Sweet Marjoram is responsive to day/night temperature differential (DIF), and is shorter with a negative DIF. • Chemical PGRs can not be used on most vegetables and herbs.
Post-Production Care Optimum Temperature • Night: 62 to 65°F (17 to 18°C) • Day: 65 to 70°F (18 to 21°C) • Optimum conditions may be difficult to maintain, especially if plants are displayed outside. Light Sweet Marjoram prefers full sun. Partial shading may be beneficial during retail display. Common Problems Insects: Spider mites, Aphids Diseases: Fungal diseases
800 879-BALL ballseed.com 71 Burpee Home Gardens® “To Go” Culture Charts Note: This chart includes general culture guidelines. Please refer to the GrowerFacts on pages 44 to 61 for detailed growing information.
Cucumber, Eggplant, Pepper & Tomato Planters Cucumber: Bush Champion, ‘Patio Snacker’ Eggplant: Burpee Hybrid Pepper: Baron, Better Belle II, BOOST ‘Sweet Heat’, Flavorburst Hybrid, Jalapeño Gigante Grafted Tomato: Big Rainbow, Black Krim, Brandywine Pink, Brandywine Red, Mortgage Lifter, San Marzano Tomato: BOOST ‘Cherry Punch’, BOOST Mighty Sweet, BOOST ‘Power Pops’, BOOST ‘Solar Power,’ BOOST Tasti-Lee®, Bush Champion II, Bush Early Girl, Celebrity, Fourth of July, Fresh Salsa Hybrid, Phoenix, Tumbler
Recommended for 12-in. (30-cm) or larger patio pots. NOTE: Tomatoes and cucumbers will benefit from some type of “cage” to contain the plants. Fourth of July tomato is indeterminate and will also benefit from a “stake” to support its vertical growth.
Sow to Seeds per Number of plugs Growing on in Number of 4-4.5- Transplant to Total crop time transplant 200-plug to transplant 4-4.5-in. in. (10-11-cm) pots sale in a 12-in. sow to sell (weeks) tray 1 into a 4-4.5-in. (10-11-cm) pots to plant in a 12-in. (30-cm) or larger (weeks) (10-11-cm) pot (weeks) (30-cm) or larger container container (weeks) Cucumber Direct sow __ __ 3-5 3 1-3 4-8 to 4-4.5-in. (10-11-cm) pots Eggplant 2-3 1 1 7-9 3 2-3 11-15 Pepper 3-4 1-2 1 6-7 3-5 3-4 12-15 Tomato 2-3 1 1 6-8 3 2-3 10-14 1 A 200-plug tray is recommended to grow eggplant, peppers and tomatoes for the “To Go” program
Mixed Salad Bowls Multi-Species, Multi-Pellet Mixes: Alfresco Mix, City Garden Mix, Global Gourmet Mix Lettuce Blends: Gourmet Blend, Heatwave Blend Salad Mix: BOOST Healing Hands
Recommended for 10 to 12-in. (25 to 30-cm) color bowls.
Sow to Seeds or pellets per Number of plugs Transplant to sale Total crop time transplant 105/128-plug tray to transplant into a in a sow to sell (weeks) 10-12-in. (25-30-cm) 10-12-in. (25-30-cm) (weeks) container 4 container Multi-Species, Multi-Pellet Mixes 2-3 1-2 pellets 2 4-7 4-7 6-9 Lettuce Blends 2-3 3-4 seeds 3 4-7 4-7 6-9
2 These mixes are offered as a pellet containing several varieties of greens. Only 1 to 2 pellets need to be sown per cell. 3 These blends should be sown using 3 to 4 seeds per cell to produce a representative assortment of varieties. Since 4 to 7 plugs are used in each color bowl, an excellent mix is produced. 4 For best results, plant the plugs directly in the finish container to minimize checking the growth.
Herb Combos Good Grillin’: Chives, parsley and rosemary Kitchen Favorites: Basil, dill, oregano and parsley Tuscan Trio: Basil, oregano and parsley
Recommended for color bowls or 10-in. (25-cm) or larger patio pots.
Sow to Seeds per Number of plugs Growing on in Number of 4-4.5- Transplant to Total crop time transplant 200-plug to transplant 4-4.5-in. in. (10-11-cm) pots sale in a 10-12-in. sow to sell (weeks) tray 5 into a 4-4.5-in. (10-11-cm) pots to plant in a 12-in. (25-30-cm) or (weeks) (10-11-cm) pot (weeks) (30-cm) or larger larger container container (weeks) Basil 5-6 1-2 Standard: 1 3-4 Depending on 1-3 9-13 Boxwood: 3 the size of the container, Chives 5-6 7-8 6-7 3-4 4 to 7 4-5-in. 1-3 9-13 (10-11-cm) Dill 3-4 2-3 5-6 3-4 pots make 1-3 7-11 Oregano 5-6 1-2 3-4 4-6 a saleable 1-3 9-13 container. Parsley 5-6 2-3 3-4 3-4 1-3 9-13 Rosemary 9-10 1-2 1-2 4-6 1-3 14-19
5 A 200-plug tray is recommended to grow these herb varieties for the “To Go” program
72 800 879-BALL ballseed.com 800 879-BALL 800 686-7380 Fax: 800 234-0370 Fax: 888 686-7300 Order at ballseed.com [email protected] Ball Horticultural Company 622 Town Road ©2012 Ball Horticultural Company 12640 Printed in the U.S. on 10% post-consumer recycled paper with soy-based inks. West Chicago, Illinois 60185-2698 USA BURPEE HOME GARDENS is a trademark of W. Atlee Burpee Co. ™ denotes a trademark of and ® denotes a registered trademark of Ball Horticultural Company in the U.S. It may also be registered in other countries.