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New Government's Initiatives for Industrial Development in Myanmar
CHAPTER 2 New Government’s Initiatives for Industrial Development in Myanmar Aung Min and Toshihiro KUDO This chapter should be cited as: Aung Min and Kudo, K., 2012. “New Government’s Initiatives for Industrial Development in Myanmar.” In Economic Reforms in Myanmar: Pathways and Prospects, edited by Hank Lim and Yasuhiro Yamada, BRC Research Report No.10, Bangkok Research Center, IDE-JETRO, Bangkok, Thailand. Chapter 2 New Government’s Initiatives for Industrial Development in Myanmar Aung Min and Toshihiro KUDO Abstract Since 1988, when the State Law and Order Restoration Council (military government) assumed state responsibility, the market has been partially opened to the outside world. Myanmar's industrialization has shown little progress as the previous government’s1 policies and poor international relations hampered FDI inflows. As the new “elected” government took office in 2011, significant changes in policies have taken place and this paper intends to highlight the efforts of the new government in its attempt to enhance industrial development. The paper assesses the performance of related union-level ministries and regional governments towards industrial development through establishing industrial zones in all states and regions, except the Chin and Kayah states. The establishment of seven new industrial zones and extension of 18 existing industrial zones is seen to have a positive effect on industrial development, although improvements in infrastructural facilities need to be realized. Introducing the SME Service Centre in Yangon and SME financing schemes enables the firms to obtain loans from the newly named Small and Medium Industrial Development Bank (SMIDB)2, thus contributing to SME development to some extent. -
Burmese Buddhist Imagery of the Early Bagan Period (1044 – 1113) Buddhism Is an Integral Part of Burmese Culture
Burmese Buddhist Imagery of the Early Bagan Period (1044 – 1113) 2 Volumes By Charlotte Kendrick Galloway A thesis submitted for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy of The Australian National University November 2006 ii Declaration I declare that to the best of my knowledge, unless where cited, this thesis is my own original work. Signed: Date: Charlotte Kendrick Galloway iii Acknowledgments There are a number of people whose assistance, advice and general support, has enabled me to complete my research: Dr Alexandra Green, Dr Bob Hudson, Dr Pamela Gutman, Dick Richards, Dr Tilman Frasch, Sylvia Fraser- Lu, Dr Royce Wiles, Dr Don Stadtner, Dr Catherine Raymond, Prof Michael Greenhalgh, Ma Khin Mar Mar Kyi, U Aung Kyaing, Dr Than Tun, Sao Htun Hmat Win, U Sai Aung Tun and Dr Thant Thaw Kaung. I thank them all, whether for their direct assistance in matters relating to Burma, for their ability to inspire me, or for simply providing encouragement. I thank my colleagues, past and present, at the National Gallery of Australia and staff at ANU who have also provided support during my thesis candidature, in particular: Ben Divall, Carol Cains, Christine Dixon, Jane Kinsman, Mark Henshaw, Lyn Conybeare, Margaret Brown and Chaitanya Sambrani. I give special mention to U Thaw Kaung, whose personal generosity and encouragement of those of us worldwide who express a keen interest in the study of Burma's rich cultural history, has ensured that I was able to achieve my own personal goals. There is no doubt that without his assistance and interest in my work, my ability to undertake the research required would have been severely compromised – thank you. -
Myanmar Buddhism of the Pagan Period
MYANMAR BUDDHISM OF THE PAGAN PERIOD (AD 1000-1300) BY WIN THAN TUN (MA, Mandalay University) A THESIS SUBMITTED FOR THE DEGREE OF DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY SOUTHEAST ASIAN STUDIES PROGRAMME NATIONAL UNIVERSITY OF SINGAPORE 2002 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I would like to express my gratitude to the people who have contributed to the successful completion of this thesis. First of all, I wish to express my gratitude to the National University of Singapore which offered me a 3-year scholarship for this study. I wish to express my indebtedness to Professor Than Tun. Although I have never been his student, I was taught with his book on Old Myanmar (Khet-hoà: Mranmâ Râjawaà), and I learnt a lot from my discussions with him; and, therefore, I regard him as one of my teachers. I am also greatly indebted to my Sayas Dr. Myo Myint and Professor Han Tint, and friends U Ni Tut, U Yaw Han Tun and U Soe Kyaw Thu of Mandalay University for helping me with the sources I needed. I also owe my gratitude to U Win Maung (Tampavatî) (who let me use his collection of photos and negatives), U Zin Moe (who assisted me in making a raw map of Pagan), Bob Hudson (who provided me with some unpublished data on the monuments of Pagan), and David Kyle Latinis for his kind suggestions on writing my early chapters. I’m greatly indebted to Cho Cho (Centre for Advanced Studies in Architecture, NUS) for providing me with some of the drawings: figures 2, 22, 25, 26 and 38. -
Shwe U Daung and the Burmese Sherlock Holmes: to Be a Modern Burmese Citizen Living in a Nation‐State, 1889 – 1962
Shwe U Daung and the Burmese Sherlock Holmes: To be a modern Burmese citizen living in a nation‐state, 1889 – 1962 Yuri Takahashi Southeast Asian Studies School of Languages and Cultures Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences The University of Sydney April 2017 A thesis submitted in fulfilment of requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy Statement of originality This is to certify that to the best of my knowledge, the content of this thesis is my own work. This thesis has not been submitted for any degree or other purposes. I certify that the intellectual content of this thesis is the product of my own work and that all the assistance received in preparing this thesis and sources has been acknowledged. Yuri Takahashi 2 April 2017 CONTENTS page Acknowledgements i Notes vi Abstract vii Figures ix Introduction 1 Chapter 1 Biography Writing as History and Shwe U Daung 20 Chapter 2 A Family after the Fall of Mandalay: Shwe U Daung’s Childhood and School Life 44 Chapter 3 Education, Occupation and Marriage 67 Chapter ‘San Shar the Detective’ and Burmese Society between 1917 and 1930 88 Chapter 5 ‘San Shar the Detective’ and Burmese Society between 1930 and 1945 114 Chapter 6 ‘San Shar the Detective’ and Burmese Society between 1945 and 1962 140 Conclusion 166 Appendix 1 A biography of Shwe U Daung 172 Appendix 2 Translation of Pyone Cho’s Buddhist songs 175 Bibliography 193 i ACKNOWLEGEMENTS I came across Shwe U Daung’s name quite a long time ago in a class on the history of Burmese literature at Tokyo University of Foreign Studies. -
Golden Mrauk-U, The: an Ancient Capital of Rakhine by U Shwe
A GUIDE TO MRAUK - U An Ancient City of Rakhine, Myanmar By Tun Shwe Khine (M.A) First Edition 1992 Historical Sites in Mrauk-U Aerial view of Mrauk-U I <i H Published by U Tun Shwe, Registrar (1) Sittway Degree College, Sittway. Registration No. 450/92 (10) 1992 Nov. 13. Art Adviser and Make-up U Kyaw Hla, Editor, University Translation & Publications Dept., Yangon. Photographs by Ko Tun Shaung, University Translation & Publications Dept., Yangon. Typeset by Shwe Min-Tha-Mee Computer, No. 9 (E), Thalawady Road, 7th mile, Yangon. Printed by U Tha Tun (03333), Nine Nines Press, 25, Razadirat Road, Botahtaung, Yangon. Tha Tun (03333) Cover Registration No. (413/92) (12), printed by U First Edition Jan: 1993, 2000 Copies. Cover - Dukkhanthein Shrine at Sun'set THE GOLDEN CITY OF MRAUK-U The Author Tun Shwe Khine was born in Rambyae, Rakhine State in 1949; graduated from Yangon University in 1972 and obtained master degree in Geography in 1976. He has served as a tutor in Yangon Worker's College; assistant lecturer and registrar (2) in Sittway Degree College. Now he is the Registrar (1) of Sittway Degree College. He has written several research articles and books, and edited some books, magazines and journals. "*,r. Some of his works excluding articles are as follows: (1) Rakhine State Regional Geography (in Myanmar), (2) Ancient Cities ofRakhine (in Myanmar), (3) The History of Rakhine Dynasty (in Myanmar), (4) The Thet Tribe in Northern Rakhine (in Myanmar), (5) Rakhine Buddhist Art in Vesali Period (in Myanmar), (6) Rakhine Folk-Tales (in Myan- mar), (7) Earlier Writers in Rakhine (in Myanmar), (8).4 Study ofRakhine Minthami Aye-gyin (in Myanmar), (9)The History of Rakhine Mahamuni (in Myanmar and English) and (10) Historical Sites in Rakhine (in English). -
The Political Conditions During Bagan Period Dr.Sandar Win Abstract
1 The Political Conditions During Bagan Period Dr.Sandar Win* Abstract Bagan reached to the status of the “State” in the 11th century during the reign of King Anawrahta by passing through the status of the various levels of districts and taiks in the emergence of Bagan Empire. Bagan Empire was ruled by the successive Kings since the reign of Aniruddha (a) Anawrahta. In the relations with the neighbouring countries during Bagan period, there were relations also with India and Ceylon. In the diplomatic relations, the Chinese (Mongols) had launched three aggressive wars against Bagan during the reign of King Nara Thiha Pate. Shin Disapramok stone inscription was inscribed because he was sent an Envoy and could settele the matter successfully. In the inscription, it contained six methods of diplomacy. Although Bagan Kings were autocratic, they ruled in accordance with the ten precepts incumbent on a King. At the end of the 13th century, the administrative power fell into the hand of the three Shan brothers and the Bagan Empire had collapsed. Keywords: Bagan Empire, Anawrahta, autocratic Introduction Bagan was the first empire of Myanmar. The culture and architecture of Bagan could be seen until nowadays. Furthermore, Bagan period was an important period according to political, economic, religion and culture. Pyus were strong in the central Myanmar prior to Myanmars. But the Pyus became weak because the Nan Chou destroyed the Pyu Capital in A.D.832. At the time when there was no strong and powerful people in Central Myanmar, Myanmar took position. Myanmar people expanded to invade from the district to the division and division to the State. -
Neil Sowards
NEIL SOWARDS c 1 LIFE IN BURMA © Neil Sowards 2009 548 Home Avenue Fort Wayne, IN 46807-1606 (260) 745-3658 Illustrations by Mehm Than Oo 2 NEIL SOWARDS Dedicated to the wonderful people of Burma who have suffered for so many years of exploitation and oppression from their own leaders. While the United Nations and the nations of the world have made progress in protecting people from aggressive neighbors, much remains to be done to protect people from their own leaders. 3 LIFE IN BURMA 4 NEIL SOWARDS Contents Foreword 1. First Day at the Bazaar ........................................................................................................................ 9 2. The Water Festival ............................................................................................................................. 12 3. The Union Day Flag .......................................................................................................................... 17 4. Tasty Tagyis ......................................................................................................................................... 21 5. Water Cress ......................................................................................................................................... 24 6. Demonetization .................................................................................................................................. 26 7. Thanakha ............................................................................................................................................ -
An Examination on Identity of Yenanchaung
University Journal of Creativity and Innovative Research 2020 Vol-01 Issue-01 An Examination on Identity of Yenanchaung Kyaw Swe Oo Khin Mar Wai Win Win Khaing Kyaing Tong University yenanchaung degree college yenanchaung degree college [email protected] Abstract that the paper entitled "The Geographic Data Analysis on the Crude Oil and the Natural Gas Production in Yenanchaung (c. 906-1885) stands out as providing Yenanchaung Oil Field" by U Pwar and U San Yu its regional identity in the descriptions of the Ati-ghosa- in 2004 focused on oil and gas production in makuṭa-ghamḍa-rājā Bell Inscription and the Pinn Yenanchaung. Those papers ignored the Bell and the Cakkalaṁpa Stone Inscriptions. The paper attempts to Stone Inscriptions. check those Inscriptions that aimed at recording religious contributions and personal accomplishments. 2. Discussion The former researchers depended on office- records and personal notes. Now, comparing with the 2.1. The Bell Inscription contemporary documents, an examination of contents in those Inscriptions is thoroughly made with an intention Ati-ghosa-makuṭa-ghamḍa-rājā Bell Inscription --- to gain the historical reliability. This examination leads inscribed on an alloy (bronze) bell, found in the precinct to discoveries: different names for Yenanchaung; of Auk Tawya Monastery in Yenanchaung --- is of some regional background and royal officials of the Town. interest for the study of regional identity of Moreover, those Inscriptions provide for some accounts Yenanchaung. The Bell - Ati-ghosa-makuṭa-ghamḍa- of Yenanchaung, and an estimate of wealth of Twin-roe rājā means the finest bell that produces sound more Twin-za Community who took the leading role in pleasant than other bells; and that is similar to a Yenanchaung's Society. -
Appendix Appendix
APPENDIX APPENDIX DYNASTIC LISTS, WITH GOVERNORS AND GOVERNORS-GENERAL Burma and Arakan: A. Rulers of Pagan before 1044 B. The Pagan dynasty, 1044-1287 C. Myinsaing and Pinya, 1298-1364 D. Sagaing, 1315-64 E. Ava, 1364-1555 F. The Toungoo dynasty, 1486-1752 G. The Alaungpaya or Konbaung dynasty, 1752- 1885 H. Mon rulers of Hanthawaddy (Pegu) I. Arakan Cambodia: A. Funan B. Chenla C. The Angkor monarchy D. The post-Angkor period Champa: A. Linyi B. Champa Indonesia and Malaya: A. Java, Pre-Muslim period B. Java, Muslim period C. Malacca D. Acheh (Achin) E. Governors-General of the Netherlands East Indies Tai Dynasties: A. Sukhot'ai B. Ayut'ia C. Bangkok D. Muong Swa E. Lang Chang F. Vien Chang (Vientiane) G. Luang Prabang 954 APPENDIX 955 Vietnam: A. The Hong-Bang, 2879-258 B.c. B. The Thuc, 257-208 B.C. C. The Trieu, 207-I I I B.C. D. The Earlier Li, A.D. 544-602 E. The Ngo, 939-54 F. The Dinh, 968-79 G. The Earlier Le, 980-I009 H. The Later Li, I009-I225 I. The Tran, 1225-I400 J. The Ho, I400-I407 K. The restored Tran, I407-I8 L. The Later Le, I4I8-I8o4 M. The Mac, I527-I677 N. The Trinh, I539-I787 0. The Tay-Son, I778-I8o2 P. The Nguyen Q. Governors and governors-general of French Indo China APPENDIX DYNASTIC LISTS BURMA AND ARAKAN A. RULERS OF PAGAN BEFORE IOH (According to the Burmese chronicles) dat~ of accusion 1. Pyusawti 167 2. Timinyi, son of I 242 3· Yimminpaik, son of 2 299 4· Paikthili, son of 3 . -
Refugees from Burma Acknowledgments
Culture Profile No. 21 June 2007 Their Backgrounds and Refugee Experiences Writers: Sandy Barron, John Okell, Saw Myat Yin, Kenneth VanBik, Arthur Swain, Emma Larkin, Anna J. Allott, and Kirsten Ewers RefugeesEditors: Donald A. Ranard and Sandy Barron From Burma Published by the Center for Applied Linguistics Cultural Orientation Resource Center Center for Applied Linguistics 4646 40th Street, NW Washington, DC 20016-1859 Tel. (202) 362-0700 Fax (202) 363-7204 http://www.culturalorientation.net http://www.cal.org The contents of this profile were developed with funding from the Bureau of Population, Refugees, and Migration, United States Department of State, but do not necessarily rep- resent the policy of that agency and the reader should not assume endorsement by the federal government. This profile was published by the Center for Applied Linguistics (CAL), but the opinions expressed herein do not necessarily reflect positions or policies of CAL. Production supervision: Sanja Bebic Editing: Donald A. Ranard Copyediting: Jeannie Rennie Cover: Burmese Pagoda. Oil painting. Private collection, Bangkok. Design, illustration, production: SAGARTdesign, 2007 ©2007 by the Center for Applied Linguistics The U.S. Department of State reserves a royalty-free, nonexclusive, and irrevocable right to reproduce, publish, or otherwise use, and to authorize others to use, the work for Government purposes. All other rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced, in any form or by any means, without permission in writing from the publisher. All inquiries should be addressed to the Cultural Orientation Resource Center, Center for Applied Linguistics, 4646 40th Street, N.W., Washington, D.C. 20016. -
Myanmar-Report-On-Situation-Analysis-Of-Population-And-Development-Reproductive
Report on Situation Analysis of Population and Development, Reproductive Health and Gender in Myanmar July, 2010 Foreword The Programme of Action of the International Conference on Population and Development (ICPD), the Beijing Platform of Action and the Millennium Declaration are international commitments reflecting a common vision of a world free from poverty, illiteracy and HIV/AIDs where all people have information and means to safe and planned reproduction and where women and men enjoy equal rights. Throughout the world, nations strive to fulfill their international obligations and achieve the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs). With only five years away from 2015, the target year of achieving ICPD goals and MDGs, Myanmar stands at a crossroads in its endeavour to achieve the Millennium targets. Issued at the 10th anniversary of the Millennium Summit, this situation analysis report provides valuable inputs in reviewing Myanmar’s progress in achieving MDGs. UNFPA has the honour to present a situation analysis of population and development, reproductive health and gender issues in Myanmar. This study, the most comprehensive of its nature to date, serves as a foundation for policy making, strategic planning and programming by Government, NGOs, INGOs, the international community and the UN. The Situation Analysis report has identified the need to strengthen data systems and improve availability and quality of data. A population and housing census should be conducted to obtain comprehensive population and demographic data at the national and sub-national levels. Census data should be disaggregated by age, sex and locality and be gender sensitive to reflect the situation of women and men. -
Cultural Understanding Through Paintings of Southeast Asia and Korea
Cultural Understanding through Paintings of Southeast Asia and Korea FOREWORD Another three-year collaborative project among Asia-Pacific Centre of Education for International Understanding (APCEIU), the Southeast Asian Ministers of Education Organization (SEAMEO) Secretariat and the Southeast Asian Ministers of Education Organization Regional Centre for Archaeology and Fine Arts (SEAMEO SPAFA) was initiated in early 2013 under Dr. Witaya Jeradechakul the title of ‘2013 SEAMEO-APCEIU Collaboration on Educational Material Development for Cultural Understanding through Director Paintings of Southeast Asia and Korea.’ Southeast Asian Ministers of Education Organization Secretariat (SEAMEO Secretariat) This time, we specifically have put the emphasis on genre paintings that depict distinct local festivities for the purpose of increasing cross-cultural awareness in Southeast Asia and Korea. As you may agree, genre paintings that we come across are a valuable treasure chest that holds the wonders of traditional customs and norms of our ancestors. Not only do they cast an aesthetic light on what we see, but they transport us to the world in which they were painted. By getting to know the lives of our grandfathers and grandmothers, we shall have a better understanding of the historical and social background embedded in the paintings. Dr. M.R. Rujaya Abhakorn Centre Director Compiling a total of 21 genre paintings from 7 different countries, namely Cambodia, Indonesia, Korea, Myanmar, Southeast Asian Ministers of Education Organization Regional Centre for Archaeology and Fine Arts the Philippines, Thailand, and Vietnam into a book, we are hopeful the book will be used in secondary schools across (SEAMEO SPAFA) the region as a supplementary material.