Triumf I Klęska

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Triumf I Klęska Przemysław Federowicz U-booty typu VII Triumf i klęska Tarnowskie Góry 2007 OKRĘTY WOJENNE numer specjalny 21 Druga część niniejszej monografii jest poświęcona losom niemieckich okrętów typu VII. Przy jej pisaniu starałem się korzystać z jak największej ilości materiałów aby zawarta tutaj wiedza była wiarygodna i pomocna przez lata. W tym miejscu chciałbym podziękować jak zawsze przychylnej redakcji „Okrętów Wojennych”, moim przyjaciołom i znajomym. Szczególne podziękowania należą się Andrea- sowi Dwuleckiemu znanemu ekspertowi od niemieckich okrętów podwodnych za ogromną pomoc oraz Jackowi Kwaśniewskiemu za ciągłą, krytykę moich prac :). Tradycyjne podziękowania dla Alicji, bez której życie nie miało by takiego smaku. Dziękuję Wam wszystkim. Przemysław Federowicz Objaśnienia skrótów art. – Artyleria A/S (Army Squadron) – Dywizjon Armii Lądowej b.g. – Bomby głębinowe CG (Coast Guard) – Straż Przybrzeżna Okład­ka: U 552 dowodzony przez Ericha Toppa zatopił 30 statków (161 797 BRT) oraz FAA (Fleet Air Arm) – Brytyjskie Lotnictwo Morskie niszczyciel. Z racji emblematu nazywany GMT (Greenwich Mean Time) – Czas Greenwich był „Der rote Teufel” co znaczy „Czerwony HKT (Höherer Kommandeur Diabeł” Mal. Seweryn Fleisher der Torpedoschulen) – Najwyższe Dowództwo Szkół Torpedowych HMAS (His/Her Majesty Australian Ship) – Okręt Australijski Jej/Jego Królewskiej Mości HMCS (His/Her Majesty Canadian Ship) – Okręt Kanadyjski Jej/Jego Królewskiej Mości U-booty typu VII HMS (His/Her Majesty Ship) – Okręt Brytyjski Jej/Jego Królewskiej Mości Triumf i klęska KNM (Kongelige Norske Marine) – Norweska Marynarka Wojenna Przemysław Federowicz OTU (Operational Training Unit) – Bojowy Dywizjon Szkolny OTU/C (Coastal Operational Training Unit) – Bojowy Dywizjon Szkolny/Przybrzeżny Redaktor serii: Jarosław Malinowski RAF (Royal Air Force) – Królewskie Brytyjskie Siły Powietrzne Rysunki: Waldemar Kaczmarczyk RAAF (Royal Australian Air Force) – Królewskie Australijskie Siły Powietrzne Plansze kolorowe: Waldemar Kaczmarczyk RCAF (Royal Canadian Air Force) – Królewskie Kanadyjskie Siły Powietrzne Rysunki wraków: Andrzej Rutkowiak SAAF (South African Air Force) – Południowoafrykańskie Siły Powietrzne Tabele: Andreas Dwulecki Support Group – Grupa Wsparcia Opracowanie graficzne: Jarosław Malinowski TAF (Tactical Air Force) – Taktyczne Siły Powietrzne Skład, druk i oprawa: Drukpol, Tarnowskie Góry ULD (U-Lehrdivision) – Dywizjon Szkoleniowy Okretow Podwodnych Źródła fotografii/Photo credit: USAAF (United States Army Air Force) – Lotnictwo Wojsk Lądowych Stanów Arthur D. Baker III Zjednoczonych Siegfried Breyer UAS (U-boot Abwehr-Schule) – Szkoła obrony przed okrętami podwodnymi Andreas Dwulecki USN (United States Navy) – Marynarka Stanów Zjednoczonych Tore Eggan USS (United States Ship) – Okręt Stanów Zjednoczonych Przemysław Federowicz USSCGS (US Coast Guard Ship) – Okręt Straży Przybrzeżnej Stanów Seweryn Fleischer Zjednoczonych Leo van Ginderen VB – Dywizjon Bombowy U.S. Navy Pierre Hervieux VC – Grupa Lotnicza U.S. Navy Steve Johnson VP – Dywizjon Patrolowy U.S. Navy Paul Kemp ~ – Przybliżona pozycja zatonięcia Reinhard Kramer Borys Lemaczko Jarosław Malinowski Janusz Uklejewski Nazwy polsko-niemieckich miejscowości Centralne Archiwum Wojskowe Elbląg – Elbing, Gdańsk – Danzig, Gdynia – Gotenhafen, Hel – Hela, Kilonia – Kiel, Kłajpeda – Memel, Królewiec – Königsberg, Krynica Morska – Kahlberg, Lipawa ISBN EAN 9788391565391 – Libau, Lubeka – Lübeck, Łeba – Leba, Piława – Pillau, Świnoujście – Swinemünde, ISSN 1231-014X Szczecin – Stettin. Copyright © Wydawnictwo „Okręty Wojenne” 2007 Wszelkie prawa zastrzeżone. Żadna część tej książki nie może być kopiowana w żadnej formie, ani żadnymi metodami mechanicznymi ani elektronicznymi, łącznie z wykorzystaniem systemów przechowywania i odtwarzania informacji bez pisemnej zgody Wydawca właściciela praw autorskich. All right reserved. No part of this book may be Wydawnictwo „Okręty Wojenne”, reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, Krzywoustego 16, 42-605 Tarnowskie Góry electronic or mechanical, includiong photocopying, tel. (032) 384-48-61 recording or any information storage and retreival system without written from copyright owner. e-mail: [email protected], www.okretywojenne.pl Niniejsza monografia zawiera jedną rozkładówkę z 2 planami okrętów w skali 1:150. 2 Uwaga! Stanowi ona jej integralną część i nie może być sprzedawana oddzielnie. Losy końcowe okrętów U 29 na ładnej nastrojowej fotografii. Fot. zbiory Jarosław Malinowski U 27 Zatopiony 20 września 1939 r. 5 maja 1945 r. w Zatoce Kupfermühlen nej na Bałtyku. Podczas tegoż rejsu zato- (godz. 03.15) b.g. niszczycieli HMS For- koło Flensburga w ramach operacji „Re- pił oceaniczny liniowiec Empress of Bri- tune i HMS Forester na płn. Atlantyku na genbogen”. Wrak podniesiony w 1948 r. tain (42 348 BRT). zach. od Szkocji (58º35’N/09º02’W, AM i złomowany. U 33 Zatopiony 12 lutego 1940 r. 2667). Cała załoga uratowana (38 ludzi). U 31 Zatopiony 11 marca 1940 r. b.g. i art. trałowca HMS Gleaner na Ka- U 27 wyruszył na swój ostatni patrol (godz. 12.00) 2 bombami bryt. samolo- nale Północnym, w rejonie Firth of Cly- 23 sierpnia 1939 r. z Wilhelmshaven. Zo- tu „Blenheim” O (82 Dywizjon RAF) na de (55º21,29’N/05º01,41’W, AM 6516)2. stał zatopiony podczas powrotu z Kana- redzie portu Wilhelmshaven (53º37’N/ 25 zabitych, 17 uratowanych. U 33 wyru- łu Północnego, podczas ataku na 7 bryt. 08º10’E, AN 9512) podczas prób. Zgi- szył na swój ostatni patrol 5 lutego 1940 r. niszczycieli zidentyfikowanych błędnie nęła cała załoga wraz z 13 stoczniow- z Wilhelmshaven z zadaniem stawiania jako krążowniki1. cami i specjalistami od silników Diesla min typu TMC na wodach Firth of Clyde. U 28 Zatopiony 17 marca 1944 r. (58 ludzi). Podniesiony 24 marca 1940 r. U 34 Zatopiony 5 sierpnia 1943 r. z powodu błędu załogi przy nabrzeżu z głębokości 17 m. Zadokowany w Wil- (godz. 21.55) po kolizji z tendrem U‑bootów w Neustadt (54º07’N/10º50E, helmshaven. Poza służbą 24 marca U‑bootów Lech na Morzu Bałtyckim AO 7766). 1 osoba zabita. Podniesiony 1940 r. Wyremontowany w Wilhelmsha- koło Kłajpedy (55º43,7’N/21º06,5’E, AO w marcu 1944 r. Poza służbą 4 sierpnia ven. Od 30 lipca 1940 r. ponownie 9391). 4 zabitych, 39 uratowanych. Słu- 1944 r. Wykorzystywany jako jednost- w służbie. Zatopiony po raz kolejny 2 li- żył wówczas w 24 flotylli szkolnej. Pod- ka szkoleniowa (bez załogi) w 3. ULD stopada 1940 r. b.g. i art. niszczycie- niesiony 24 sierpnia 1943 r. Zadokowany w Neutstadt. Po wojnie złomowany. la HMS Antelope na płn. Atlantyku na w stoczni Lindenau‑Werft w Kłajpedzie. U 29 Poza służbą 17 kwietnia 1944 r. płn. zach. od Irlandii (56º26N/10º18W, Poza służbą 8 września 1943 r. Ponownie w Gdyni. Wykorzystywany jako jednost- AM 2999). 2 zabitych i 44 uratowanych. zatopiony 2 lutego 1944 r. (godz. 01.25) ka szkolna w 2. ULD w Gdyni. Skiero- U‑boot odbywał wówczas ostatni rejs bo- na Morzu Bałtyckim na płn. od Warne- wany do bazy we Flensburgu. W listo- jowy z Lorient (19 października 1940 r.) münde (54º20,5’N/12º04,5’E, AO 7837) padzie 1944 r. planowano wykorzystać podczas, którego zaatakował konwój podczas holowania z Kłajpedy do War- go jako pływającą stację torpedową dla „OB. 237”. Po powrocie do Niemiec miał nemünde. 4 zabitych, 40 uratowanych. HKT. Projekt niezrealizowany. Samoza- zostać przekazany do flotylli szkolnej na Wydobyty w kwietniu 1953 r. i przeho- topiony 5 maja 1945 r. w Zatoce Kupfer- Bałtyku. lowany do Stralsundu. Umieszczony na mühlen koło Flensburga w ramach ope- U 32 Zatopiony 30 październi- pochylni stoczni Volkswerft, gdzie został racji „Regenbogen”. Wrak nie wydobyty ka 1940 r. b.g i art. niszczycieli HMS złomowany. do dzisiaj. Inne źródła podają datę sa- Harvester i HMS Highlander na płn. mozatopienia 4 maja 1945 r. Atlantyku na płn. zach. od Irlandii U 30 Poza służbą w styczniu 1945 r. (55º37’N/12º20’W, AM 4374). 9 zabi- 1. Opracowano na podstawie. Busch, Röll Der Ubootkrieg 1939 – 1945, Verluste”, Niestle „German w Kilonii. Skierowany do bazy we Flens- tych, 33 uratowanych. U 32 wyruszył U-Boat Losses during World War II Details of Destru- burgu. Planowano wykorzystać go jako na swój ostatni patrol 24 października ction, Wynn U-Boat Operations of the Second World War oraz informacji archiwalnych. pływającą stację torpedową dla HKT. 1940 r. z Lorient. Po powrocie z patrolu 2. Za Busch, Röll op.cit. Natomiast Niestle Projekt niezrealizowany. Samozatopiony miał zostać przekazany do flotylli szkol- op.cit. podaje pozycję 55º23,4’N/05º08,2’W. 3 U 33 na przedwojennej fotografii. Fot. zbiory Jarosław Malinowski U 35 Zatopiony 29 listopada 1939 r. biuro kontroli morskiej (Oljedirektoratet) rus na płn. Atlantyku na płd. zach. od b.g. i art. niszczycieli HMS Kingston, podczas oczyszczania dna. Znajduje się Irlandii (50º58’N /12º57’W, BE 3311). HMS Kashmir i HMS Icarus na Mo- on na głębokości 190 m. Cała załoga zginęła (38 ludzi). U 45 ata- rzu Północnym na płn. zach. od Bergen U 36 Zatopiony 4 grudnia 1939 r. kował wówczas konwój „KJF 3”. U‑boot (60º49,25’N/02º54,16,6’E, AN 2321). Cała torpedą okrętu podwodnego HMS Sal- wyruszył na swój ostatni patrol 5 paź- załoga uratowana (43 ludzi). Okręt uczest- mon na Morzu Północnym na płd. zach. dziernika 1939 r. z Kilonii. niczył wraz z U 31, U 47 i U 48 w operacji od Kristiansand, 75 Mm od latarni Li- U 46 Poza służbą 17 listopada przeciwko brytyjskim okrętom liniowym ster (57º00’N/05º20’E, AN 3761). Cała 1943 r. w Neustadt. Od listopada 1943 r. na wsch. od Szetlandów. Jednostki bry- załoga zginęła (40 ludzi). U 36
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