Armies of the Volga Bulgars & Khanate of Kazan

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

Armies of the Volga Bulgars & Khanate of Kazan ARMIES OF THE VOLGA BULGARS & KHANATE OF KAZAN: 9TH-16TH CENTURIES PDF, EPUB, EBOOK Viacheslav Shpakovsky,David Nicolle,Gerry Embleton | 48 pages | 22 Oct 2013 | Bloomsbury Publishing PLC | 9781782000792 | English | United Kingdom Armies of the Volga Bulgars & Khanate of Kazan - Osprey Publishing There they remained under Khazar domination until the Khazar Khanate was defeated by Kievan Russia in In the s they managed to maul Genghis Khan's Mongols, who returned to devastate their towns in revenge. By the s they had recovered much of their wealth, but they were caught in the middle between the Tatar Golden Horde and the Christian Russian principalities. They were ravaged by these two armies in turn on several occasions between and A new city then rose from the ashes — Kazan, originally called New Bulgar — and the successor Islamic Khanate of Kazan resisted the Russians until falling to Ivan the Terrible in The costumes, armament, armour and fighting methods of the Volga Bulgars during this momentous period are explored in this fully illustrated study. This website uses cookies to improve user experience. They were ravaged by these two armies in turn on several occasions between and A new city then rose from the ashes - Kazan, originally called New Bulgar - and the successor Islamic Khanate of Kazan resisted the Russians until falling to Ivan the Terrible in The costumes, armament, armour and fighting methods of the Volga Bulgars during this momentous period are explored in this fully illustrated study. Biographical Note. VIacheslav Shpakovsky was born in He has written a number of articles on various aspects of Russian and military history for both academic journals and popular magazines in Russia. He has written numerous books and articles on medieval and Islamic warfare, and has been a prolific author of Osprey titles for many years. Gerry Embleton has been a leading illustrator and researcher of historical costume since the s, and has illustrated and written Osprey titles on a wide range of subjects over more than 20 years. He is an internationally respected authority on 15th and 18th century costumes in particular. He lives in Switzerland, where since he has also become well known for designing and creating life-size historical figures for museums. Introduction: origins - from Great Bulgaria to the Volga Bulgars Conversion to Islam, in relation to Christian conversion of Russia and Jewish conversion of Khazaria Chronology Rise and survival of the Volga Bulgar state - freedom from Khazar domination Wars: Kievan Russia - the Mongol invasion and conquest - the Volga Bulgars under the Golden Horde - resistance to Novgorod From Volga Bulgaria to the Khanate of Kazan Arms and armour: swords and sabres - spears and javelins - battle-axes and maces - helmets - body armour - clothing Fortifications Siege warfare: siege machinery and firearms Aftermath Bibliography Plate commentaries Index. You may also be interested in the following product s. More info. Military History. Subscribe to our newsletter. Subscribe To see how we use this information about you and how you can unsubscribe from our newsletter subscriptions, view our Privacy Policy. They were ravaged by these two armies in turn on several occasions between and A new city then rose from the ashes - Kazan, originally called New Bulgar - and the successor Islamic Khanate of Kazan resisted the Russians until falling to Ivan the Terrible in The costumes, armament, armour and fighting methods of the Volga Bulgars during this momentous period are explored in this fully illustrated study. Biographical Note. VIacheslav Shpakovsky was born in He has written a number of articles on various aspects of Russian and military history for both academic journals and popular magazines in Russia. He has written numerous books and articles on medieval and Islamic warfare, and has been a prolific author of Osprey titles for many years. Gerry Embleton has been a leading illustrator and researcher of historical costume since the s, and has illustrated and written Osprey titles on a wide range of subjects over more than 20 years. He is an internationally respected authority on 15th and 18th century costumes in particular. He lives in Switzerland, where since he has also become well known for designing and creating life-size historical figures for museums. Introduction: origins - from Great Bulgaria to the Volga Bulgars Conversion to Islam, in relation to Christian conversion of Russia and Jewish conversion of Khazaria Chronology Rise and survival of the Volga Bulgar state - freedom from Khazar domination Wars: Kievan Russia - the Mongol invasion and conquest - the Volga Bulgars under the Golden Horde - resistance to Novgorod From Volga Bulgaria to the Khanate of Kazan Arms and armour: swords and sabres - spears and javelins - battle-axes and maces - helmets - body armour - clothing Fortifications Siege warfare: siege machinery and firearms Aftermath Bibliography Plate commentaries Index. You may also be interested in the following product s. More info. Military History. Subscribe to our newsletter. Subscribe To see how we use this information about you and how you can unsubscribe from our newsletter subscriptions, view our Privacy Policy. Italian Medieval Armies The Scythians BC. British Cavalry Equipments Armies of the Ottoman Turks Napoleon's Line Infantry. Partisan Warfare Armies of the Vietnam War 2. Armies of Medieval Burgundy The Wars of the Roses. Napoleon's Light Infantry. Foreign Volunteers of the Wehrmacht The Army of Alexander the Great. The Age of Charlemagne. The Scottish and Welsh Wars Arthur and the Anglo-Saxon Wars. The Royal Marines Flak Jackets. Rome's Enemies 2. Grenada The Spanish Foreign Legion. Prussian Cavalry of the Napoleonic Wars 1. The Canadian Army at War. Armies in Lebanon German Medieval Armies Brunswick Troops Resistance Warfare American Civil War Armies 1. Saladin and the Saracens. The Alamo and the War of Texan Independence The Korean War American Civil War Armies 2. Russia-s War in Afghanistan. American Civil War Armies 3. Rome's Enemies 4. Austrian Army of the Napoleonic Wars 2. British Battle Insignia 1. Modern African Wars 1. Polish Armies 1. The Russian Army of the Napoleonic Wars 1. Polish Armies 2. The Russian Army of the Napoleonic Wars 2. American Civil War Armies 4. The British Army on Campaign 2. The Royal Canadian Mounted Police The British Army on Campaign 3. Napoleon's Specialist Troops. El Cid and the Reconquista The British Army on Campaign 4. Modern African Wars 2. Louis XIV's Army. Wellington's Specialist Troops. US Army Combat Equipments American Civil War Armies 5. Lawrence and the Arab Revolts. The War in Cambodia Napoleon's Overseas Army. Queen Victoria's Enemies 1. German Military Police Units Queen Victoria's Enemies 2. The War in Laos Ancient Chinese Armies BC. Queen Victoria's Enemies 3. The SA Hitler's Stormtroopers. Central American Wars Queen Victoria's Enemies 4. The Royal Air Force American Woodland Indians. Luftwaffe Field Divisions French Army Franco-Prussian War 1. German Combat Equipments The Army of Gustavus Adolphus 1. Aztec, Mixtec and Zapotec Armies. Frederick the Great's Army 2. Modern African Wars 3. Rome's Enemies 5. British Territorial Units Romano-Byzantine Armies 4th-9th Centuries. Canadian Campaigns Argentine Forces in the Falklands. Medieval Chinese Armies Flags of the American Civil War 1. Wehrmacht Auxiliary Forces. The Irish Wars Flags of the American Civil War 2. The Mamluks The Army of Gustavus Adolphus 2. Peter the Great's Army 2. Flags of the American Civil War 3. The Allgemeine-SS. The Ottoman Army Flags of the Third Reich 1 Wehrmacht. General Washington's Army 1 : — The Taiping Rebellion The Austrian Army 2 : Infantry. The Border Reivers. US Dragoons Axis Forces in Yugoslavia Early Roman Armies. The French Army Byzantine Armies AD American Indians of the Southeast. King George's Army 2. General Washington's Army 2 : — Republican Roman Army BC. Imperial Chinese Armies 2 : — AD. French Foreign Legion Infantry and Cavalry since The Boer Wars 1 The Boer Wars 2 — Chinese Civil War Armies Late Imperial Chinese Armies The German Army 1 Blitzkrieg. The Algerian War Armies of the Ottoman Empire The French Army 1. Henry V and the Conquest of France The French Army 2. British Forces in North America Armies of the Caliphates Spanish Army of the Napoleonic Wars 1 — The French Indochina War The Austrian Army 1 Infantry. French Foreign Legion The German Army 3. The Austrian Army 2. The German Army 4 Eastern Front — Scots Armies of the English Civil Wars. Spanish Army of the Napoleonic Wars 2 — Armies of Medieval Russia The German Army 5 Western Front — French Armies of the Hundred Years War. The Italian Army 1 Europe — The Portuguese Army of the Napoleonic Wars 1. Tribes of the Sioux Nation. The United States Army The Portuguese Army of the Napoleonic Wars 2. The Italian Army 2 Africa — British Air Forces 2. The Italian Army 3 : Italy — Wellington's Belgian Allies Armies in the Balkans The Portuguese Army of the Napoleonic Wars 3. The Japanese Army 1 : — The Russian Army Colonial American Troops 1. The Zulu War. The Landsknechts. The Sudan Campaigns The Portuguese Army of the Napoleonic Wars. The Boer War. The American Indian Wars Napoleon's Cuirassiers and Carabiniers. The Royal Navy Napoleon's Line Chasseurs. The US Army The British Army North-West Frontier The Spanish Civil War Napoleon's Hussars. Flags of the Napoleonic Wars 1. Flags of the Napoleonic Wars 2. Napoleon's Egyptian Campaigns The German Army Napoleon's Guard Cavalry. Saxon, Viking and Norman. Samurai Armies Byzantine Armies Bengal Cavalry Regiments The Roman Army from Hadrian to Constantine. The Swiss at War The Boxer Rebellion. Medieval Heraldry. Women at War The Conquistadores. The Wild Geese. Germany's Spanish Volunteers Armies of the Vietnam War The Mongols. British Infantry Equipments 1.
Recommended publications
  • The Crimean Khanate, Ottomans and the Rise of the Russian Empire*
    STRUGGLE FOR EAST-EUROPEAN EMPIRE: 1400-1700 The Crimean Khanate, Ottomans and the Rise of the Russian Empire* HALİL İNALCIK The empire of the Golden Horde, built by Batu, son of Djodji and the grand son of Genghis Khan, around 1240, was an empire which united the whole East-Europe under its domination. The Golden Horde empire comprised ali of the remnants of the earlier nomadic peoples of Turkic language in the steppe area which were then known under the common name of Tatar within this new political framework. The Golden Horde ruled directly över the Eurasian steppe from Khwarezm to the Danube and över the Russian principalities in the forest zone indirectly as tribute-paying states. Already in the second half of the 13th century the western part of the steppe from the Don river to the Danube tended to become a separate political entity under the powerful emir Noghay. In the second half of the 14th century rival branches of the Djodjid dynasty, each supported by a group of the dissident clans, started a long struggle for the Ulugh-Yurd, the core of the empire in the lower itil (Volga) river, and for the title of Ulugh Khan which meant the supreme ruler of the empire. Toktamish Khan restored, for a short period, the unity of the empire. When defeated by Tamerlane, his sons and dependent clans resumed the struggle for the Ulugh-Khan-ship in the westem steppe area. During ali this period, the Crimean peninsula, separated from the steppe by a narrow isthmus, became a refuge area for the defeated in the steppe.
    [Show full text]
  • Turkological and Ottomanic Legacy of Ay Krymsky and Oriental Studies in Russia
    COMPETITIVE STRATEGY MODEL AND ITS IMPACT ON MICRO BUSINESS UNIT OF LOCAL DEVELOPMENT BANKS IN JAWA PJAEE, 17 (7) (2020) TURKOLOGICAL AND OTTOMANIC LEGACY OF A.Y. KRYMSKY AND ORIENTAL STUDIES IN RUSSIA (1896 – 1941) Ramil M. Valeev1, Roza Z. Valeeva2, Dinar R. Khayrutdinov3,Oksana D. Vasylyuk4 1Department of Altaic and Chinese Studies, Institute of International Relations, Kazan (Volga Region) Federal University – Kazan, Russia 2Department of International Languages and Translation Studies, V. G. Timiryasov Kazan Innovative University – Kazan, Russia 3Department of International Languages and Translation Studies, V. G. Timiryasov Kazan Innovative University – Kazan, Russia 4A. Krymsky Institute of Oriental Studies, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine – Kiev, Ukraine [email protected], [email protected], [email protected], [email protected] Klemi Subiyantoro,Ina Primiana Sagir,Aldrin Herwany,Rie Febrian. Competitive Strategy Model And Its Impact On Micro Business Unit Of Local Development Banks In Jawa-- Palarch’s Journal Of Archaeology Of Egypt/Egyptology 17(4), 470-484. ISSN 1567-214x Keywords:Russia, Ukraine, the East, Turkic peoples, A.Y. Krymsky, Turkology, Ottoman studies, Turkic and Ottoman literature, history, language. ABSTRACT: Research of the Turkic (including Asia Minor), social-political, cultural and ethnolinguistic space of Eurasia is a significant and long-standing tradition of practical and academic research centers of Russia and Europe, including Ukraine. The Turkic (including Ottoman) political and cultural
    [Show full text]
  • Án Zimonyi, Medieval Nomads in Eastern Europe
    As promised, after the appearance of Crusaders, in Slavic or Balkan languages, or Russian authors Missionaries and Eurasian Nomads in the 13th ­ who confine themselves to bibliography in their 14th Centuries: A Century of Interaction, Hautala own mother tongue,” Hautala’s linguistic capabili­ did indeed publish an anthology of annotated ties enabled him to become conversant with the Russian translations of the Latin texts.10 In his in­ entire field of Mongol studies (14), for which all troduction, Spinei observes that “unlike West­Eu­ specialists in the Mongols, and indeed all me­ ropean authors who often ignore works published dievalists, should be grateful. 10 Ot “Davida, tsaria Indii” do “nenavistnogo plebsa satany”: ­ Charles J. Halperin antologiia rannikh latinskikh svedenii o tataro­mongolakh (Kazan’: Mardzhani institut AN RT, 2018). ——— István Zimonyi. Medieval Nomads in Eastern Part I, “Volga Bulgars,” the subject of Zimonyi’s Europe: Collected Studies. Ed. Victor Spinei. English­language monograph,1 contains eight arti­ Bucureşti: Editoru Academiei Romăne, Brăila: cles. In “The First Mongol Raids against the Volga­ Editura Istros a Muzueului Brăilei, 2014. 298 Bulgars” (15­23), Zimonyi confirms the report of pp. Abbreviations. ibn­Athir that the Mongols, after defeating the his anthology by the distinguished Hungarian Kipchaks and the Rus’ in 1223, were themselves de­ Tscholar of the University of Szeged István Zi­ feated by the Volga Bolgars, whose triumph lasted monyi contains twenty­eight articles, twenty­seven only until 1236, when the Mongols crushed Volga of them previously published between 1985 and Bolgar resistance. 2013. Seventeen are in English, six in Russian, four In “Volga Bulgars between Wind and Water (1220­ in German, and one in French, demonstrating his 1236)” (25­33), Zimonyi explores the pre­conquest adherence to his own maxim that without transla­ period of Bulgar­Mongol relations further.
    [Show full text]
  • Black Sea-Caspian Steppe: Natural Conditions 20 1.1 the Great Steppe
    The Pechenegs: Nomads in the Political and Cultural Landscape of Medieval Europe East Central and Eastern Europe in the Middle Ages, 450–1450 General Editors Florin Curta and Dušan Zupka volume 74 The titles published in this series are listed at brill.com/ecee The Pechenegs: Nomads in the Political and Cultural Landscape of Medieval Europe By Aleksander Paroń Translated by Thomas Anessi LEIDEN | BOSTON This is an open access title distributed under the terms of the CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 license, which permits any non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided no alterations are made and the original author(s) and source are credited. Further information and the complete license text can be found at https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/ The terms of the CC license apply only to the original material. The use of material from other sources (indicated by a reference) such as diagrams, illustrations, photos and text samples may require further permission from the respective copyright holder. Publication of the presented monograph has been subsidized by the Polish Ministry of Science and Higher Education within the National Programme for the Development of Humanities, Modul Universalia 2.1. Research grant no. 0046/NPRH/H21/84/2017. National Programme for the Development of Humanities Cover illustration: Pechenegs slaughter prince Sviatoslav Igorevich and his “Scythians”. The Madrid manuscript of the Synopsis of Histories by John Skylitzes. Miniature 445, 175r, top. From Wikimedia Commons, the free media repository. Proofreading by Philip E. Steele The Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data is available online at http://catalog.loc.gov LC record available at http://catalog.loc.gov/2021015848 Typeface for the Latin, Greek, and Cyrillic scripts: “Brill”.
    [Show full text]
  • Religion, Power and Nationhood in Sovereign Bashkortostan
    Religion, State & Society, Vo!. 25, No. 3, 1997 Religion, Power and Nationhood in Sovereign Bashkortostan SERGEI FILATOV Relations between the nation-state and religion are always paradoxical, an effort to square the circle. Spiritual life, the search for the absolute and worship belong to a sphere which is by nature free and not susceptible to control by authority. How can a president, a police officer or an ordinary patriot decide for an individual what consti­ tutes truth, goodness or personal salvation from sin and death? On the other hand, faith forms the national character, moral norms and the concept of duty, and so a sense of national identity and social order depend upon it. Understanding this, states and national leaders throughout human history have used God for the benefit of Caesar. Even priests themselves often forget whom it is they serve. In all historical circumstances, however, religious faith shows that it stands outside state, nation and society, and consistently betrays the plans and expectations of monarchs, presidents, secret police, collaborators and patriots. It changes regardless of any orders from those in authority. Peoples, states, empires and civilisations change fundamentally or vanish completely because the basic ideas which supported them also vanish. Sometimes it is the rulers themselves, striving to preserve their kingdoms, who are unaware that their faith and view of the world are changing and themselves turn out to be the medium of the changes which destroy them. In the countries of the former USSR, indeed in all the former socialist camp, constant attempts to 'tame the spirit' were in themselves nothing new, but the histor­ ical situation, the level of public awareness and the character of religiosity were unique; and the use of religion for national and state purposes therefore acquired distinctive and somewhat grotesque characteristics.
    [Show full text]
  • Review the Legacy of Nomadic Empires in Steppe Landscapes Of
    ISSN 10193316, Herald of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 2009, Vol. 79, No. 5, pp. 473–479. © Pleiades Publishing, Ltd., 2009. Original Russian Text © A.A. Chibilev, S.V. Bogdanov, 2009, published in Vestnik Rossiiskoi Akademii Nauk, 2009, Vol. 79, No. 9, pp. 823–830. Review Information about the impact of nomadic peoples on the landscapes of the steppe zone of northern Eurasia in the 18th–19th centuries is generalized against a wide historical–geographical background, and the objec tives of a new scientific discipline, historical steppe studies, are substantiated. DOI: 10.1134/S1019331609050104 The Legacy of Nomadic Empires in Steppe Landscapes of Northern Eurasia A. A. Chibilev and S. V. Bogdanov* The steppe landscape zone covering more than settlements with groundbased or earthsheltered 8000 km from east to west has played an important role homes were situated close to fishing areas, watering in the history of Russia and, ultimately, the Old World places, and migration paths of wild ungulates. Steppe for many centuries. The ethnogenesis of many peoples bioresources were used extremely selectively. of northern Eurasia is associated with the historical– Nomadic peoples affected the steppe everywhere. The geographical space of the steppes. The continent’s nomadic, as opposed to semisedentary, lifestyle steppe and forest–steppe vistas became the cradle of implies a higher development of the territory. The nomadic cattle breeding in the early Bronze Age (from zone of economic use includes the whole nomadic the 5th through the early 2nd millennium B.C.). By area. Owing to this, nomads had an original classifica the 4th millennium B.C., horses and cattle were pre tion of its parts with regard to their suitability for set dominantly bred in northern Eurasia.
    [Show full text]
  • Theocracy Metin M. Coşgel Thomas J. Miceli
    Theocracy Metin M. Coşgel University of Connecticut Thomas J. Miceli University of Connecticut Working Paper 2013-29 November 2013 365 Fairfield Way, Unit 1063 Storrs, CT 06269-1063 Phone: (860) 486-3022 Fax: (860) 486-4463 http://www.econ.uconn.edu/ This working paper is indexed on RePEc, http://repec.org THEOCRACY by Metin Coşgel* and Thomas J. Miceli** Abstract: Throughout history, religious and political authorities have had a mysterious attraction to each other. Rulers have established state religions and adopted laws with religious origins, sometimes even claiming to have divine powers. We propose a political economy approach to theocracy, centered on the legitimizing relationship between religious and political authorities. Making standard assumptions about the motivations of these authorities, we identify the factors favoring the emergence of theocracy, such as the organization of the religion market, monotheism vs. polytheism, and strength of the ruler. We use two sets of data to test the implications of the model. We first use a unique data set that includes information on over three hundred polities that have been observed throughout history. We also use recently available cross-country data on the relationship between religious and political authorities to examine these issues in current societies. The results provide strong empirical support for our arguments about why in some states religious and political authorities have maintained independence, while in others they have integrated into a single entity. JEL codes: H10,
    [Show full text]
  • Governance on Russia's Early-Modern Frontier
    ABSOLUTISM AND EMPIRE: GOVERNANCE ON RUSSIA’S EARLY-MODERN FRONTIER DISSERTATION Presented in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree Doctor of Philosophy in the Graduate School of The Ohio State University By Matthew Paul Romaniello, B. A., M. A. The Ohio State University 2003 Examination Committee: Approved by Dr. Eve Levin, Advisor Dr. Geoffrey Parker Advisor Dr. David Hoffmann Department of History Dr. Nicholas Breyfogle ABSTRACT The conquest of the Khanate of Kazan’ was a pivotal event in the development of Muscovy. Moscow gained possession over a previously independent political entity with a multiethnic and multiconfessional populace. The Muscovite political system adapted to the unique circumstances of its expanding frontier and prepared for the continuing expansion to its east through Siberia and to the south down to the Caspian port city of Astrakhan. Muscovy’s government attempted to incorporate quickly its new land and peoples within the preexisting structures of the state. Though Muscovy had been multiethnic from its origins, the Middle Volga Region introduced a sizeable Muslim population for the first time, an event of great import following the Muslim conquest of Constantinople in the previous century. Kazan’s social composition paralleled Moscow’s; the city and its environs contained elites, peasants, and slaves. While the Muslim elite quickly converted to Russian Orthodoxy to preserve their social status, much of the local population did not, leaving Moscow’s frontier populated with animists and Muslims, who had stronger cultural connections to their nomadic neighbors than their Orthodox rulers. The state had two major goals for the Middle Volga Region.
    [Show full text]
  • Jane Burbank New York University
    POLITICAL IMAGINATION AND IMPERIAL SOVEREIGNTY: THE CASE OF KAZAN An NCEEER Working Paper by Jane Burbank New York University National Council for Eurasian and East European Research University of Washington Box 353650 Seattle, WA 98195 [email protected] http://www.nceeer.org/ TITLE VIII PROGRAM Project Information* Principal Investigator: Jane Burbank NCEEER Contract Number: 824-01h Date: October 16, 2012 Copyright Information Individual researchers retain the copyright on their work products derived from research funded through a contract or grant from the National Council for Eurasian and East European Research (NCEEER). However, the NCEEER and the United States Government have the right to duplicate and disseminate, in written and electronic form, reports submitted to NCEEER to fulfill Contract or Grant Agreements either (a) for NCEEER’s own internal use, or (b) for use by the United States Government, and as follows: (1) for further dissemination to domestic, international, and foreign governments, entities and/or individuals to serve official United States Government purposes or (2) for dissemination in accordance with the Freedom of Information Act or other law or policy of the United States Government granting the public access to documents held by the United States Government. Neither NCEEER nor the United States Government nor any recipient of this Report may use it for commercial sale. * The work leading to this report was supported in part by contract or grant funds provided by the National Council for Eurasian and East European Research, funds which were made available by the U.S. Department of State under Title VIII (The Soviet-East European Research and Training Act of 1983, as amended).
    [Show full text]
  • Zhanat Kundakbayeva the HISTORY of KAZAKHSTAN FROM
    MINISTRY OF EDUCATION AND SCIENCE OF THE REPUBLIC OF KAZAKHSTAN THE AL-FARABI KAZAKH NATIONAL UNIVERSITY Zhanat Kundakbayeva THE HISTORY OF KAZAKHSTAN FROM EARLIEST PERIOD TO PRESENT TIME VOLUME I FROM EARLIEST PERIOD TO 1991 Almaty "Кazakh University" 2016 ББК 63.2 (3) К 88 Recommended for publication by Academic Council of the al-Faraby Kazakh National University’s History, Ethnology and Archeology Faculty and the decision of the Editorial-Publishing Council R e v i e w e r s: doctor of historical sciences, professor G.Habizhanova, doctor of historical sciences, B. Zhanguttin, doctor of historical sciences, professor K. Alimgazinov Kundakbayeva Zh. K 88 The History of Kazakhstan from the Earliest Period to Present time. Volume I: from Earliest period to 1991. Textbook. – Almaty: "Кazakh University", 2016. - &&&& p. ISBN 978-601-247-347-6 In first volume of the History of Kazakhstan for the students of non-historical specialties has been provided extensive materials on the history of present-day territory of Kazakhstan from the earliest period to 1991. Here found their reflection both recent developments on Kazakhstan history studies, primary sources evidences, teaching materials, control questions that help students understand better the course. Many of the disputable issues of the times are given in the historiographical view. The textbook is designed for students, teachers, undergraduates, and all, who are interested in the history of the Kazakhstan. ББК 63.3(5Каз)я72 ISBN 978-601-247-347-6 © Kundakbayeva Zhanat, 2016 © al-Faraby KazNU, 2016 INTRODUCTION Данное учебное пособие is intended to be a generally understandable and clearly organized outline of historical processes taken place on the present day territory of Kazakhstan since pre-historic time.
    [Show full text]
  • Islam: State and Religion in Modern Europe by Patrick Franke
    Islam: State and Religion in Modern Europe by Patrick Franke From the early Middle Ages until the beginning of the twentieth century, Islamic states were an integral part of Europe's political geography. Throughout the modern period the Ottoman Empire, with its capital in Istanbul, was the most important Islamic power on the continent. The Ottoman conquest of south‐eastern Europe, which was already well advanced in the 15th century, initiated a phase of Islamization that came in several waves before ending in the 19th century. Other important centres of European Islam were the Iberian Peninsula (until the early 17th century), the Russian Volga‐Ural region, and the Crimea. The decline of the European Islamic states (Granada, the eastern European Khanates, the Ottoman Empire) put many Muslims under the rule of non‐Islamic states, each of which reacted with the development of its own particular policies for dealing with Islam. For the Muslim populations, this loss of power resulted in important processes of modernization. TABLE OF CONTENTS 1. Islamic Statehood in Europe between 1450 and 1950 2. Processes of Islamization and De‐Islamization 3. Policies of Non‐Islamic European States toward Islam 4. Islamic Positions towards Non‐Islamic Europe 5. Appendix 1. Bibliography 2. Notes Indices Citation Islamic Statehood in Europe between 1450 and 1950 In the mid‐15th century a number of small Islamic states existed on the edges of various parts of Europe (➔ Media Link #ab). The southern Iberian Peninsula1 was home to the Nasrid Emirate of Granada, which, however, was in decline in this period. In 1485 the Christian states of Castile and Aragon began their systematic conquest of the Emirate, at a time when the Muslims were exhausting their energies in a civil war.
    [Show full text]
  • Nominalia of the Bulgarian Rulers an Essay by Ilia Curto Pelle
    Nominalia of the Bulgarian rulers An essay by Ilia Curto Pelle Bulgaria is a country with a rich history, spanning over a millennium and a half. However, most Bulgarians are unaware of their origins. To be honest, the quantity of information involved can be overwhelming, but once someone becomes invested in it, he or she can witness a tale of the rise and fall, steppe khans and Christian emperors, saints and murderers of the three Bulgarian Empires. As delving deep in the history of Bulgaria would take volumes upon volumes of work, in this essay I have tried simply to create a list of all Bulgarian rulers we know about by using different sources. So, let’s get to it. Despite there being many theories for the origin of the Bulgars, the only one that can show a historical document supporting it is the Hunnic one. This document is the Nominalia of the Bulgarian khans, dating back to the 8th or 9th century, which mentions Avitohol/Attila the Hun as the first Bulgarian khan. However, it is not clear when the Bulgars first joined the Hunnic Empire. It is for this reason that all the Hunnic rulers we know about will also be included in this list as khans of the Bulgars. The rulers of the Bulgars and Bulgaria carry the titles of khan, knyaz, emir, elteber, president, and tsar. This list recognizes as rulers those people, who were either crowned as any of the above, were declared as such by the people, despite not having an official coronation, or had any possession of historical Bulgarian lands (in modern day Bulgaria, southern Romania, Serbia, Albania, Macedonia, and northern Greece), while being of royal descent or a part of the royal family.
    [Show full text]