Jet Propulsion Laboratory California Institute of Technology Pasadena, California

National Aeronautics and Space Administration

Commercial Space Activities at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory

Lt. Gen. Eugene Tattini (USAF, Ret.) Deputy Director

Jet Propulsion Laboratory California Institute of Technology

September 18, 2012

National Aeronautics and Space Administration Space Exploration Supported

Jet Propulsion Laboratory California Institute of Technology Pasadena, California by U.S. Government

24% Other

Science Human exploration Aeronautics 28% 45% 3% National Aeronautics and Space Administration

Jet Propulsion Laboratory California Institute of Technology JPL History Pasadena, California

1936 1940s Today

1958 1950s

09/18/2012 3 National Aeronautics and Space Administration FY 12 JPL Population Jet Propulsion Laboratory California Institute of Technology Pasadena, California Staff Composition by Job Classification and Academic Degree

• Staff composition by job classification for • R&D staff distribution by academic 4823 employees (4743 FTEs) degree for 3453 employees Masters and R & D Professional 61% 33%

R&D support Doctorate 2% 31%

R&D management 8%

Business management 5%

Business support 6% No Degree 9% Business Bachelors 18% 27%

09/18/2012 4 National Aeronautics and Space Administration JPL’s mission for NASA is robotic

Jet Propulsion Laboratory California Institute of Technology Pasadena, California space exploration • Mars

• Solar System

• Exoplanets

• Astrophysics

• Earth Science

• Interplanetary Network

09/18/2012 5 National Aeronautics and Space Administration 24 Spacecraft and 10 Instruments

Jet Propulsion Laboratory California Institute of Technology Across the Solar System and Beyond Pasadena, California

GALEX ACRIMSAT Mars Odyssey Cassini CloudSat

Spitzer Kepler Juno Aquarius GRACE

Two Voyagers Dawn Opportunity EPOXI-Deep Impact GRAIL

Wide-field Infrared Survey Mars Reconnaissance Jason 1 and Jason 2 Mars Science Laboratory Nuclear Spectroscopic Explorer (WISE) Orbiter Telescope Array (NuSTAR) Three Generations of Rovers

09/18/2012 7 Parachute Deployed MRO HiRISE camera

09/18/2012 8 Heatshield Jettisoned MSL MARDI camera

09/18/2012 9 CSI: Mars

09/18/2012 10 Saturn’s Storms Cassini

Juno Arrival at Jupiter: July 2016

09/18/2012 12 Dawn Arrival at Vesta July 16, 2011

20 km 13 Where are the Voyagers Today?

Distance from the Sun Round-trip Light Time

Voyager 1 17.55 billion km (117.35 AU ) 32h 18m 16s

Voyager 2 14.30 billion km (95.60 AU ) 26h 17m 46s

09/18/2012 14 National Aeronautics and Space Administration

Jet Propulsion Laboratory California Institute of Technology Pasadena, California

AIRS – atmospheric temperature JASON – sea surface height GRACE – gravity

QUIKSCAT – wind MISR - aerosols TES – trace gas

MLS – ozone layer CLOUDSAT – water content Aquarius - sea surface salinity

Multiple ways to look at a changing Earth Deep space exploration enabled by NASA’s Deep Space Network (DSN)

Goldstone

Canberra

09/18/2012 Madrid 16 National Aeronautics and Space Administration End-to-end capabilities needed Jet Propulsion Laboratory California Institute of Technology Pasadena, California to implement missions

Mars Rovers

Project Formulation - Team X Mission Design Large Structures - SRTM

Scientific Research

Ion Engines

Real Time Operations Environmental Integration and Spacecraft Development 09/18/2012 Test Test 17 National Aeronautics and Space Administration Every mission starts with a spark Jet Propulsion Laboratory California Institute of Technology Pasadena, California Science

A question

An invention A mission concept Mission Architecture

Technology Engineering

09/18/2012 18 National Aeronautics and Space Administration

Jet Propulsion Laboratory California Institute of Technology …then the concept is developed Pasadena, California

Trades Alternatives and Selections Comments Launch vehicle Atlas V Delta IV-Heavy Ares V Ares V considered acceptable only for sample return concepts launched post 2020.

Cruise propulsion SEP + GAs Chemical + GAs Propulsive only Good performance from Chemical+Gravity Assists (GAs). SEP+GAs warrants further consideration, but new optimized trajectory search is needed. Capture into Saturn system Titan aerocapture Propulsive capture Uranus Aerogravity assist saves mass and also saves at Satellites (aerogravity assist) least several months in pumpdown .

Pump-down mission design Enceladus/Titan Multiple moon GAs Multiple moon REP+GAs Other options found to be too high delta-V or GAs only only propulsively- flight time. Interior Interior leveraged GAs Magnetic Energetic Surface Surface Structure Atmosphere Structure Field PartARPSicles specific power higher, efficiency much Structure Composition RPS type MMRTG ARPS (advanced (Gravity Field) (Gravity Field) Stirling) higher (less Pu needed). Guidelines allowed ARPS as acceptable and available option for flagship studies. Orbiter implementation Enceladus Orbiter Low-Energy High-Energy Enceladus Multiple- Enceladus Multiple- Lg. Circ. Vertical Release of Flyby (Saturn Flyby (Saturn Sm. Conv. Structure Internal Heat or Orbiter) Orbiter) Lander/Probe implementation Fly-Through Rough Landers Soft Landers Orbi-Landers Priority placed on having in-situ measurements Probes and from surface. Impactors Fly-By Number of landers None One Three (regional Five (larger-scale distribution) distribution and/or redundancy) Lander lifetime/duration Short-lived (~2 Long-lived (~1 year Polar Orbiter weeks on primary on RPS) battery or fuel cell) Lander mobility type Stationary Locally mobile (~10 Regionally mobile Globally mobile Considered propulsive "hopper" type concepts km) (~100 km) for soft landers. Equatorial Orbiter

Acceptable and evaluated in this Atm. Probe

Mass Comparison SummaryLegend: - Launchstudy Mass and Sub-Elements Enceladus orbiter with Enceladusmultiple orbiter

Acceptable but not orbiter Saturn energy High

Enceladus orbiter with Enceladusmultiple orbiter alone Enceladus orbiter a becoming Enceladus orbiter orbiter Saturn energy Low

Enceladus orbiter with Enceladussingle orbiter orbiter Saturn energy Low

Relative Goal Science ValueRelative

Low energy Saturn orbiter orbiter Saturn energy Low

short short lived landers B landers long-lived C D lander long-lived E lander long-lived F (flybys) alone G (flybys) alone H (flybys) with a single long-lived lander I (flybys) with multiple short-lived landers Cassini evaluated in this A Lander 8000 Science Goals, Enceladus Mission Science Assessment - 0-10, 10 best study Unacceptable1. What is the heat source, whatDelta IV-Heavydrives the C3=16 plume km^2/s^2 10 6 7 4 5 5 2 1 3 6 1 7000 6,000 Free-Flying Instruments 6000 2. What is the plume production rate, and does it vary 8 8 9 8 9 9 7 3 8 7 3 3. What are the effects of the plume on the structure and 5,000 5000 composition of Enceladus? Atlas 551 C3=16 km^2/s^2 5 8 9 6 7 7 4 3 5 8 2 One man’s concept is 4. What are the interaction effects of the plume on the 4000 Saturnian system 3 7 7 7 6 6 8 7 8 7 7

Lander(s) 4,000 Mass (kg) Mass 3000 5. Does the composition and/or existenceOrbiter of the plume give us clues to the origin and evolution of the solarAerocapture system System 7 7 7 6 7 7 7 5 7 7 3 2000 3,000 TMC 6. Does the plume source environment provideCruise/Prop the Stage

conditions necessary (or sufficient) to sustain biotic or pre- $FY06M another’s doodle… 1000 biotic chemistry 5 8 8 6 7 8 6 5 7 8 3 7. Are other similar bodies (Dione, Tethys, Rhea) also 2,000 0 active, and if not, why not? 6 8 8 8 8 8 8 7 8 8 5 A B C D E F G H I Value by Architecture, summed 52 55 45 49 50 42 31 46 51 24 Value by Architecture, weighted, summed, normalized 0.461,0000.493 0.393 0.439 0.446 0.353 0.246 0.393 0.449 0.187

- Option A Option B Option C Option D Option E Option F Option G Option H Option I

09/18/2012 19 National Aeronautics and Space Administration Concept Maturity Level

Jet Propulsion Laboratory California Institute of Technology Pasadena, California Helps Benchmark Before MDR/PMSR

Preliminary Trade Space Implementation Cocktail Napkin Baseline Concept Baseline

CML 1 CML 2 CML 3 CML 4 CML 5 CML 6 CML 7 CML 8

TRL 6

Initial Feasibility Integrated Concept Point Design Integrated Baseline

09/18/2012 20 National Aeronautics and Space Administration JPL submits an average of 730 formal

Jet Propulsion Laboratory California Institute of Technology Pasadena, California proposals, large and small, per year

Flight Instruments (Partner-managed) Missions (Partner-managed) Flight Instruments (JPL-managed) Missions (JPL-managed) Education & Public Outreach

Technology (Non-instrument)

Technology (Instrument) Science Research & Analysis Mission Extensions

Non-NASA (FY09-FY11 data)

09/18/2012 21 National Aeronautics and Space Administration

Jet Propulsion Laboratory California Institute of Technology NAC Questions for the Centers Pasadena, California

How is the Agency’s commercial space strategy message being perceived at the Center?

 What is the Center doing to promote it? • What are the Center’s plans for transitioning from the Shuttle and Constellation programs to the new Agency direction that includes commercial space, and how are those plans progressing? • How is the Center addressing excess capacity issues?  Do you have any concerns or issues with transitioning to the Agency’s commercial space strategy?

09/18/2012 22 National Aeronautics and Space Administration

Jet Propulsion Laboratory California Institute of Technology JPL Commercial Interfaces Pasadena, California

DIRECTOR C. Elachi ENGINEERING & DEPUTY DIR. E. Tattini BUSINESS OPERATIONS SCIENCE DIRECTORATE ASSOC. DIR. For Form. J. VanZyl DIRECTORATE L. Livesay CHIEF SCIENTIST D. McCleese S. Proia CHIEF TECHNOLOGIST J. Zmuidzinas

SOLAR SYSTEM MARS EARTH SCIENCE & NATIONAL SPACE ASTRONOMY & INTERPLANETARY EXPLORATION EXPLORATION TECHNOLOGY TECHNOLOGY TECHNOLOGY NETWORK DIRECTORATE DIRECTORATE DIRECTORATE APPLICATIONS DIRECTORATE DIRECTORATE F. Naderi F. Li D. Evans R. Cox D. Gallagher J. McNamee

HE & O Non-NASA Tech Programs NASA SPACE TECHNOLOGY Defense TECHNOLOGY PROGRAM Intelligence PROGRAM & SBIR G. Burdick Civil T. Cwik Commercial & IP, Licensing, Tech. Transfer

09/18/2012 23 National Aeronautics and Space Administration

Jet Propulsion Laboratory California Institute of Technology Pasadena, California Commercial Program Direction

Expand quality relationships to adapt investments in space technology for commercial uses that will lead larger national thrusts…

Solar Cells & Arrays

Solar Thermal Space

Climate

Wireless Power Transfer

Robotics Energy Medical Research Cyber Research

09/18/2012 24 National Aeronautics and Space Administration

Jet Propulsion Laboratory California Institute of Technology Pasadena, California Commercial Space Strategy

1. What is the JPL doing to promote it? – Active NASA and non-NASA engagement with commercial sponsors, providers and SBIR

– Outsource 50% of robotic space mission funds to commercial space industry

– Leads NASA with IP transfers and commercial licensing

– Promote culture of entrepreneurial technology development & collaboration with industry

– Encourage commercial robotic space exploration and commodity services

2. Does JPL have any concerns or issues with transitioning to the Agency’s commercial space strategy? – Support the national initiative and NASA policy implementation

– FFRDC’s “non-competitive” overtones stimulates commercial space • Provide services and technical support to commercial entities • Limit use of facilities and infrastructure by commercial entities • HQs oversight and processes

– Commercial market expansion will remain constrained with conflicting federal guidelines • Use of commercial data products and services are encouraged… • Weathersats and land remote sensing seen as inherently governmental function

09/18/2012 25 National Aeronautics and Space Administration

Jet Propulsion Laboratory Primary JPL industry partners California Institute of Technology Pasadena, California

. Lockheed Martin Corporation, Denver, CO − Spacecraft manufacturing

. ITT/Exelis, Monrovia, CA − Deep space network operations and maintenance . Lockheed Martin Integrated Systems, Seabrook, MD – Desktop computing systems, software and services . Computer Science Corporation (CSC), Pasadena CA – Information technology infrastructure support . Orbital Sciences Corporation, Germantown, MD – Spacecraft manufacturing

09/18/2012 26 National Aeronautics and Space Administration

Jet Propulsion Laboratory California Institute of Technology Primary JPL industry partners (cont.) Pasadena, California

. Northrop-Grumman, Redondo Beach, CA – Flight Instrument and subsystem tasks . Raytheon, Pasadena, CA – Scientific data systems operations and analysis . EMCOR, CA – Facility maintenance and operations

. Swales Aerospace, Beltsville, MD – Mechanical and thermal engineering

. Wackenhut Services Inc., Palm Beach, FL – Security and fire protection services

09/18/2012 27 National Aeronautics and Space Administration JPL Commercial Collaboration Jet Propulsion Laboratory California Institute of Technology Pasadena, California

Electronics, Aerospace, Automotive, Advanced Natural Life IT, Software, Energy, Computers, Defense, Industrial Materials, Resources, Sciences Internet Utilities Telecomm Security Equipment Chemicals Agriculture

Detectors & Instruments

Power & Propulsion

Exploration & Robotics

Modeling & Simulation

Navigation, GPS, Comm

Other (FF., LAS., S/W Avionics)

09/18/2012 28 National Aeronautics and Space Administration Commercial applications from Jet Propulsion Laboratory California Institute of Technology Pasadena, California JPL-derived technology

Database Digital Cameras Software Sunglasses Cardiac Health

Engineering Design Global Positioning IR Thermometer Fire Detection Software Systems

Precision Clocks Robotic Surgery Clean Energy Mobile Robotics 29 National Aeronautics and Space Administration Intellectual Property FY 2012 Jet Propulsion Laboratory California Institute of Technology Pasadena, California

Capturing IP Protecting IP Invention Disclosures Patents Filed: MSFC SSC • 151 Provisional Patents ARC LARC KSC DRFC • 39 US Patents • 16 Foreign Patents GRC JSC Patents Issued: GSFC • 39 US Patents JPL HQ 451 JPL NTR’s • 1 Foreign Patent Technology Transfer Rewarding Innovation

Key Partnerships/Licenses: $800,000 Space Act Awards $$ • Chevron Alliance $700,000 • Broad Reach Engineering $600,000 • LADWP $500,000 NASA Software of the • Raytheon $400,000 Year Co-Winner – $300,000 QuakeSim Commercial License/Option Agreements – 7/6 $200,000 Commercial License to Startup Firms -2 $100,000

Open Channel Software Licenses - 283 $0

JPL

JSC

SSC

KSC

ARC

GRC

LARC

GSFC

DFRC MSFC

09/18/2012 30

National Aeronautics and Space Administration Early Stage Innovation Jet Propulsion Laboratory California Institute of Technology Pasadena, California JPL has been awarded four NIAC grants – Ghost Imaging of Space Objects – Interplanetary CubeSats – Printable Spacecraft – Spacecraft/Rover Hybrids for the Exploration of Small Solar System Bodies NASA OCT Selected 80 graduate Fellowships – 15 Graduate students have been placed at JPL • Funding to JPL’ers for mentoring 10 weeks each year over the 2 or 4 year grant

09/18/2012 31

National Aeronautics and Space Administration

Jet Propulsion Laboratory SBIR/STTR and Partnerships California Institute of Technology Pasadena, California Programatic (at JPL) • 29 SBIR Phase II, 60 Phase I contracts – Over $23 million in new R&D funding • 3 STTR Phase II, 2 Phase I contracts – $2 million in new R&D funding • 2011 Solicitation release – JPL leads 15 Subtopics, participates in 40 2011 Solicitation Program Cover

Infusion DragonEye • Improved Advanced Scientific Concepts 3D sensor as Flash Lidar (DragonEye) flown on STS-133, seen from ’ space Discovery s final mission station on • Qualification for SpaceX Dragon previous STS-127 • Promising autonomous guidance technology mission for future planetary or asteroid lander

09/18/2012 32 National Aeronautics and Space Administration

Jet Propulsion Laboratory California Institute of Technology Pasadena, California Other questions for the Centers

• What are [JPL’s] plans for transitioning from the Shuttle and Constellation programs to the new Agency direction that includes commercial space, and how are those plans progressing? – JSC on robotic/human interfaces – Space X for ISS re-supply – Masten Space for vertical horizontal flight controls

• How is the Center addressing excess capacity issues? – JPL not challenged by excess capacity, but would like to make testing facilities available to commercial funders

09/18/2012 33 National Aeronautics and Space Administration

Jet Propulsion Laboratory California Institute of Technology Pasadena, California Summary

• JPL’s commercial activities advance National Space Policy and NASA’s missions

• JPL’s robotic space missions engage many industrial segments

• JPL’s non-NASA activities spur commercial growth and enrich space technology and mission capabilities

09/18/2012 34