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Golden Gate National Recreation Area

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Golden Gate National Recreation Area Cover photo credit: Robert Campbell / Chamois Moon CONTENTS PART 9: USER CAPACITY Introduction 3 Golden Gate National Recreation Area 5 Priority Resource Indicators 6 Priority Social Indicators 7 Managing Use Levels 7 Muir Woods National Monument 13 Priority Resource Indicators 13 Priority Social Indicators 14 Managing Use Levels 15 Monitoring 16 PART 10: IMPLEMENTATION PLANNING AND MITIGATIVE MEASURES Implementation Planning 25 Detailed Site Improvement Plans 25 Natural Resources 25 Cultural Resources 26 Visitor Use 26 General 26 Mitigative Measures 27 Natural Resources 27 General 27 Air Quality 28 Lightscape 28 Nonnative Species 28 Scenic Resources 28 Soils 28 Soundscape 29 Threatened and Endangered Species and Species of Concern 29 Vegetation 30 Water Resources 30 Wildlife 31 Cultural Resources 31 Visitor Safety and Experiences 33 Park Operations 34 Social and Economic Environment 34 Transportation 34 Volume III: i CONTENTS PART 11: OTHER ANALYSES AND STATUTORY CONSIDERATIONS Introduction and Methodology 37 Cumulative Impact Analysis at Golden Gate National Recreation Area, Including Alcatraz Island 38 Methodology 38 Natural Resources 39 Carbon Footprint and Air Quality 39 Soils and Geologic Resources and Processes 40 Water Resources and Hydrologic Processes 40 Habitat (Vegetation and Wildlife) and Special Status Species (Federal and State Threatened and Endangered Species) 41 Cultural Resources 42 Archeological Resources 43 Ethnographic Resources 43 Historic Structures 44 Cultural Landscape Resources 44 Park Collections 45 Visitor Use and Experience 45 Diversity of Recreation Opportunities and Availability of Other Visitor Support Services and Facilities 46 Education, Interpretation, and Stewardship Programs and Opportunities 47 Access and Connectivity to Parks and Open Space in the Bay Area 47 Social and Economic Environment 48 Quality of Life 48 Economy 52 Transportation 55 Park Management, Operations, and Facilities 58 Cumulative Impact Analysis at Muir Woods National Monument 60 Methodology 60 Natural Resources 60 Carbon Footprint and Air Quality 60 Soils and Geologic Resources and Processes 61 Water Resources and Hydrologic Processes 61 Habitat (Vegetation and Wildlife) and Special Status Species (Federal and State Threatened and Endangered Species) 62 Cultural Resources 63 Archeological Resources 63 Historic Buildings 64 Cultural Landscape Resources 64 Park Collections 64 Visitor Use and Experience 65 Social and Economic Environment 65 Transportation 66 Park Management, Operations, and Facilities 67 Additional Analyses 68 Natural or Depletable Resource Requirements and Conservation Potential 68 Effects on Energy Requirements and Conservation 68 Irretrievable or Irreversible Commitments of Resources 69 Volume III: ii Contents Unavoidable Adverse Impacts 69 Relationship Between Short-Term Uses and Long-Term Productivity of the Environment 70 Coastal Zone Management Act Consistency 70 PART 12: CONSULTATION, COORDINATION, AND PREPARATION Public Involvement 75 General 75 Plan Development 75 Reviewing the Analysis of Potential Impacts 77 Rationale For Decisions 78 Consultation with Other Agencies, Officials, and Organizations 79 Section 7 Consultation 79 Section 106 Consultation with State Historic Preservation Office 79 Consultations with Native Americans 80 Agencies, Organizations, and Individuals Receiving A Copy of this Document 81 Elected Officials and Committees 81 Federal Agencies 81 California State Agencies 81 Regional and Local Agencies 82 Cities 83 Organizations 83 American Indians 84 Individuals 84 Preparers and Consultants 85 Steering Committee 85 Team Members – California 86 Team Members – NPS Denver Service Center 88 Planning Team 88 Production Services 88 Planning Support and Specialists 89 Consultants 90 APPENDIXES Appendix A: Legislation 95 Appendix B: Description of Management Plans Related to This Plan 105 Appendix C: Relevant NPS Policies 129 Appendix D: Table of Special Status Species (including Threatened and Endangered Species and Candidate Species) 143 Appendix E: Descriptions of Local Transit Service 148 Appendix F: Description of San Mateo County Trails 152 Volume III: iii CONTENTS GLOSSARY AND REFERENCES Glossary 157 References 166 INDEX Index to Volume III 179 FIGURES AND TABLES Figure 1: User Capacity Framework 4 Table 1: Alcatraz Island: User Capacity Indicators, Standards, Monitoring Strategies, and Management Strategies 8 Table 2: Muir Woods National Monument: User Capacity Indicators, Standards, Monitoring Strategies, and Management Strategies 17 Volume III: iv Contents CONTENTS OF VOLUME I PART 1: BACKGROUND Introduction Purpose and Need Guiding Principles for Park Management The Planning Area Foundation Statements: Guidance for Planning Foundation Statements for Golden Gate National Recreation Area Foundation Statements for Muir Woods National Monument Special Mandates and Administrative Commitments Related to Golden Gate National Recreation Area Planning Issues Relationship of This Plan to Other Plans Related Laws and National Park Service Policies PART 2: BUILDING THE MANAGEMENT ALTERNATIVES Introduction Concepts for Future Management Actions and Alternatives Considered but Dismissed From Further Consideration Selection of the National Park Service Preferred Alternatives Management Zones PART 3: ELEMENTS COMMON TO ALL ACTION ALTERNATIVES Introduction Boundary Adjustments Climate Change Facilities for Maintenance, Public Safety, and Collections Storage Facilities Not Directly Related to the Park Mission Native American Engagement Ocean Stewardship Park Collections Partnerships Trails Transportation Volume III: v CONTENTS PART 4: THE ALTERNATIVES FOR ALCATRAZ ISLAND No-action Alternative Alternative 1: Connecting People with the Parks Alternative 2: Preserving and Enjoying Coastal Ecosystems Alternative 3: Focusing on National Treasures The Preferred Alternative Summary Cost Estimates for Alcatraz Island Deferred Maintenance Environmentally Preferable Alternative for Alcatraz Island Summary Tables of the Alternatives for Alcatraz Island PART 5: THE ALTERNATIVES FOR PARK LANDS IN MARIN, SAN FRANCISCO, AND SAN MATEO COUNTIES No-action Alternative Alternative 1: Connecting People with the Parks The Preferred Alternative Alternative 2: Preserving and Enjoying Coastal Ecosystems Alternative 3: Focusing on National Treasures Summary Costs Estimates for Park Lands in Marin, San Francisco, and San Mateo Counties Deferred Maintenance Environmentally Preferable Alternative for Park Lands in Marin, San Francisco, and San Mateo Counties Summary Tables of the Alternatives for Park Lands in Marin, San Francisco, and San Mateo Counties PART 6: THE ALTERNATIVES FOR MUIR WOODS NATIONAL MONUMENT x No-action Alternative Alternative 1: Connecting People with the Parks Alternative 2: Preserving and Enjoying Coastal Ecosystems Alternative 3: Focusing on National Treasures The Preferred Alternative Summary of Costs Estimates for Muir Woods National Monument Deferred Maintenance Environmentally Preferable Alternative for Muir Woods National Monument Summary Tables for Muir Woods National Monument Volume III: vi Contents CONTENTS OF VOLUME II PART 7: RESOURCES AND VALUES THAT COULD BE AFFECTED BY THE ALTERNATIVES (THE AFFECTED ENVIRONMENT) Introduction Summary Table of Impact Topics Natural Resources – Golden Gate National Recreation Area Natural Resources – Muir Woods National Monument Cultural Resources – Golden Gate National Recreation Area Cultural Resources – Muir Woods National Monument Visitor Use and Experience—Golden Gate National Recreation Area Visitor Use and Experience – Muir Woods National Monument Social and Economic Environment (Including both Golden Gate National Recreation Area and Muir Woods National Monument) Transportation (Including both Golden Gate National Recreation Area and Muir Woods National Monument) Park Management, Operations, and Facilities (Including Both Golden Gate National Recreation Area and Muir Woods National Monument) PART 8: POTENTIAL ENVIRONMENTAL CONSEQUENCES Introduction Methods and Assumptions for Analyzing Potential Impacts Impairment of Park Resources Common to All Alternatives at Golden Gate National Recreation Area and Muir Woods National Monument Golden Gate National Recreation Area, Including Alcatraz Island Muir Woods National Monument Volume III: vii CONTENTS Volume III: viii User Capacity 9 INTRODUCTION General management plans for national park units are required by law to identify and address implementation commitments for user capacity, also known as carrying capacity. The National Park Service defines user capacity as the types and levels of visitor use that can be accommodated within a particular national park area while sustaining the quality of park resources and visitor experiences consistent with the purpose of that national park. Managing user capacity in national parks is inherently complex and depends not only on the number of visitors, but also on where the visitors go, what they do, and the “footprints” they leave behind. In managing for user capacity, the park staff and partners rely on a variety of management tools and strategies, rather than relying solely on regulating the number of people in a park area. In addition, the ever-changing nature of visitor use in parks requires a deliberate and adaptive approach to user capacity management. The foundations for making user capacity decisions in this general management plan are the purpose, significance, special mandates, and management zones associated with the national park and monument.
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