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The Potential the Eastern P Ntial for Paludicult Rn Partnership Culture In

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The Potential the Eastern P Ntial for Paludicult Rn Partnership Culture In The potentialntial for paludicultculture in the Easternrn PPartnership Case studies from MMoldova, Ukraine and GeorgiaGeor Paludiculture in theth Eastern Partnership The work done for this reportrt wawas supported by the Re-granting Scheme of thehe EasternE Partnership Civil Society Forum (EaP CSF). Project title: Promotion of paludiculture in Black Sea region wetlands for carbon sequestration, sustainable deveevelopment and community-based renewable energy Grant Agreement no: SEC003/2016/WG3/02 Project duration: 1 May – 30 November 2016 (7 Months)ths) Lead organisation: Environment People Law Address: PO Box 316, Lviv 79000, Ukraine Person responsible for the projeroject: Dr Oleg Rubel Contact: [email protected] Partner organisations NGO Agricola, Odessa, Ukraineine: Natalia Goriup Cross-border Cooperation andnd EEuropean Integration Agency, Cahul, Moldova: ValeriuVa Ajder Caucasus Green Area Union,, BatBatumi, Georgia: Maka Ochigava This report has been produceded wwith the assistance of the European Union. Thehe ccontentso of this publication are the sole responsionsibility of the implementing partners and can in non way be taken to reflect the views of the Europeapean Union. 2 Paludiculture in theth Eastern Partnership CONTENTS 1. INTRODUCTION 4 2. OVERVIEW OF CASE STUDIEUDIES 5 Table 1: Summary of main charaharacteristics of the case study sites 5 Table 2: Current and potentialial activities at the three case study sites 6 MOLDOVA CASE STUDY 7 UKRAINE CASE STUDY 16 GEORGIA CASE STUDY 30 3 Paludiculture in theth Eastern Partnership 1. INTRODUCTION Because of its low tidal rangee anand presence of many large river deltas (includiningg Danube, Dniester, Dnipr and Don), the Black Seaa reregion is particularly well-endowed with wetlandsnds in the lower river floodplains and around the coasoast. According to the Black Sea coastal wetlandss ininventory published by Wetlands International in 2003,03, there are 94 significant wetlands in the regionn coveringco nearly 2.5 million ha, of which 35 are listedsted by the Ramsar Convention as wetlands of internternational importance. However, this represents lessss ththan half of the wetland area that once occurreded in the region before drainage and polderisation schemschemes were introduced from the 1950s to earlyy 191990s for agriculture, fisheries and afforestation purpourposes. Drainage of wetlands, especiallyially peatland, is connected with several environmementaln problems such as: emission of huge amounts off gregreenhouse gases (GHG) to the atmosphere; releaslease of dissolved nutrients to the ground and surfsurface waters; and loss of natural hydrological regulationregu of floods and groundwater recharge. Wise mamanagement of the remaining wetland areas (ass rerequired by the Ramsar Convention), as well as rewettintting of drained former floodplains, can remediatete environmentale pollution and restore their ecosycosystem services. Thus, they can either be restoredred to close-to-natural conditions or they can be usedsed fofor biomass production under wet conditions. Paludiculture (wet agriculturere anand forestry on peatland) is a promising land usese alternativea on wetlands. Pilot implementationion projects and accompanying research, particularllarlyy in Scandinavia, Germany, UK, Austria and Ukrainkraine, show that paludiculture provides several ececosystemosy services. It has great potential to substantiallylly ccut GHG emissions and so help Parties to meetet theth UNFCCC global action plan to limit global warmiarming to well below 2°C, agreed in Paris in Decembmbere 2015. At the same time, paludicultureure contributes to sustainable development by provroviding alternative sources of income in structurallyrally weak regions, for example in organic fish produoduction, wetland restoration and harvesting andnd pprocessing biomass. The latter activity has beenen shownsh to generate significant sources of renewableable energy for local communities through productioction of biogas, briquettes and pellets. The main aim of the paludiculturulture project (see inside cover) was to promote its role as a means of reducing carbon emissions, suppsupporting sustainable development, and generatingting community-based renewable energy in the Blackck SeSea region. Accordingly, one of the project objectijectives was to to prepare case studies from Ukraine, Moldoldova and Georgia about the potential for paludicudiculture at existing and adjacent former wetland sites. The findings of the three case studies are presentsented here as a contribution to the activitiess of WWorking Group 3 of the EaP Civil Society Forumm.. 4 Paludiculture in theth Eastern Partnership 2. OVERVIEW OF CASESE STSTUDIES The three case studies on thee popotential for paludiculture at existing and adjacentcent former wetland sites were carried at Lower Prut Sciencientific Reserve, Cahul, Moldova; Lake Kagul (lowerwer Danube floodplain) in Odessa, Ukraine; and centrall KolKolkheti wetlands of Kolkheti National Park in Saamegrelome and Guria regions, Georgia (Figure 1, Tableable 1). Figure 1: Location of the threeee ccase study sites Table 1: Summary of main charaharacteristics of the case study sites No. Name Country Area (ha) Main charactersiticsitics 1 Lower Prut Scientific Reseeserve Moldova 1,691 River floodplain withwit lakes and fens. Listed in Ramsar Conventiention. 2 Lake Kagul Ukraine 2,895 River floodplain and lake with reedbeds, riverine forests,, farmlandfarm and fish ponds. Not protected. 3 Central Kolkheti wetlandsnds Georgia 29,300 Mires, lakes and riverineriv forests at Rioni river mouth. Partrt of Kolkheti National Park. At all three sites, some economiomic activities were already carried out based onn the available wetland resources which could providede a foundation for sustainable use in line with thhee principlesp of paludiculture. Indeed, there werwere opportunities to expand the range of economiomic activities which could benefit both local businesssinesses as well as improve environmental conditionsions such as rewetting 5 Paludiculture in theth Eastern Partnership abandoned arable land to growow wwetland biomass and expanding ecotourism facilitiesfacil . These are set out in Table 2. Table 2: Current and potentialial aactivities at the three case study sites Activity Lower Prutrut Kagul Lake Kolkheti wetlands Grazing Exists (sheepheep and cattle) at a Exists (sheep, cattle, horses) CattleCattl and buffalo grazing low level wiwith potential for at a low level with potential existsexist increase if aabandoned areas for increase if abandoned are rewetteetted areas are rewetted Construction Exists at a lolow level (reed Exists at a low level (reed ExistsExist at a low level with materials cut for roofing and fencing), cut for roofing, insulation potentialpote for increase with potenttential for increase panels and fencing),with potential for increase Craft products Feasibilityity ststudy needed Feasibility study needed ExistsExist at a low level with potentialpote for increase Biomass energy Some potenotential, especially if One company already FeasibilityFeas study needed abandonedned areas are producing pellets from reed rewetted biomass; considerable scope for expansion Ecotourism Exists at a lolow level with Exists at a low level with Exists,Exist with level increasing potentiall fofor increase; needs potential for increase; needs as NPN invests in visitor investmentent and capacity investment and capacity centres,cent accommodation, building building boat tours, observation towerstowe Sport fishing Exists at a lolow level, could Exists at a low level, could FishingFishi is regulated at a be increasedased somewhat be increased somewhat sustainablesusta level Sphagnum moss Feasibilityity ststudy needed Feasibility study needed ConditionsCond favour cultivation SphagnumSpha farming on degradeddegr peatlands as well as on recently abandoned alluvialalluv soils Education / Exists at a lolow level with Very limited. A small ExistsExist at a good level with research potentiall fofor increase wetland information centre potentialpote for further is being established and a increaseincre nature trail has been set up The general conclusions from ththe case studies can be summarised as: • Naturally wet soils are bestest used wet, not drained. • Floodplains, peatlands, fens and marshes provide essential ecosystem serviervicesc (hydrological balance and control, carbonrbon emissions reduction, nutrient removal, sedimeniment filtration). • Paludiculture delivers sustasustainable economic benefits: fisheries, livestock rearing,rea construction materials, biomass, ecotourtourism. • Drained areas should bee restrestored by rewetting in order to regain these lostlost services, and also as a least cost adaptation to climclimate change scenarios in the Black Sea region. 6 Paludiculture in theth Eastern Partnership MOLDOVOLDOVA CASE STUDTUDY Lowerr PruPrut Scientific ReserveRes 7 Paludiculture in theth Eastern Partnership Physical features of the site The "Lower Prut" Scientific Reseeserve (LPSR), with an area of 1,691 ha, was createdated by Government decision no. 209 / 23.04.1991.1. ThThe main objective of this reserve is to protectt andan conserve wetlands and aquatic ecosystems, includinluding Lake Beleu, which is inhabited by rare and eendangerednd species of plants and animals. It is locatedted iin the south-west of Moldova, along the lowerer courseco of the River Prut, the last main tributary of ththe Danube. It is situated close to the Moldovanan-Romanian border. The reserve is flanked by Valeni
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