Chapter 12 Unit Notes

of of a

form.

sphere frost,

anemometer.

south.

meteorologists. term changes, make up the make changes, term - percent. humidity. n) increases. than air. molecules in cooler

faster it vapor possible that holds amount of water the maximum at

is the amount of water vapor to the inis the compared the air of water amount

is an instrument used to measure air pressure.

is the measure of the average kinetic energy of of the is the average molecules air. in the kinetic energy measure

saturated,

is the pressure that a column of air exerts on the air or surface below it.

dew. amount of water vapor present in the air relative to the maximum

barometer the energy an object has due to its motiondue has object an the energy water, in liquid or solid form, that falls from the atmo is caused by air moving from an area of high pressure to an of pressure of high an area low from area air moving by is caused

the pressure that a column of air exerts on the air or surface below it a series of natural processes in which water continually moves among temperature If the temperature is below 0°C, ice crystals referred to as temperature. humidityRelative the can hold air temperature. vapor that at maximum amount of water Relative humidity is reported as a( In a south wind, the wind is coming fromThe the instrument used to measure wind speed is a(n) is When air Air pressure decreases as altitude A(n)

temperature at which air near the ground becomes fully saturated fully with water near the becomes at ground air which temperature

a quantity that can change amount of water vapor in the air in the vapor of water amount atmospheric conditions of a certain place at a certain time place certain a at certain of conditions a atmospheric and forms forms and a. b. c. pressure. a. b. a. Molecules in warm air in warm move Molecules a. b. certain place at place at certain a time.certain The amount of water vapor in the air is Air pressure Scientists who study and predict weather are When air near the ground becomes saturated, the water vapor the saturated, the into liquid water condenses a near becomes When air ground Air Wind The atmospheric short with atmospheric conditions,The along 6. 5. 2. 3. 4. What is weather? 1. Variables Weather 1.

oceans, land, and the atmosphere amount of water vapor the air can contain at that temperature A. B.

Chapter 12 Unit Notes Unit 12 Chapter water cycle weather precipitation relative humidity variable air pressure dew point humidity kinetic energy Lesson 1: Describing Weather Describing 1: Lesson b. The temperature at which air becomes fully saturated because the temperature decreases while the amount of moisture stays constant is the dew point. 7. As warm air rises in the atmosphere, it cools. a. When the air cools enough that the dew point is reached, small droplets of water form. b. Clouds are water droplets or ice crystals suspended in the atmosphere. c. Fog is a cloud that forms near Earth’s surface. d. Stratus clouds are flat, white, and layered. e. Cumulus clouds are fluffy and are present at 2,000 to 6,000 m altitude. f. Cirrus clouds are wispy and are present above 6,000 m altitude. 8. Precipitation is water, in liquid or solid form, that falls from the atmosphere. a. Precipitation that falls as liquid water is rain. b. Precipitation that is solid crystals of ice is snow. c. Precipitation that starts as snow and then melts and freezes again is called sleet. d. Hail is precipitation formed when ice pellets rise and fall within a cloud, adding new layers of ice during each cycle. 9. The water cycle is the series of natural processes in which water continually moves among oceans, land, and the atmosphere. a. Water enters the atmosphere as water vapor when liquid water on Earth’s surface evaporates. b. As water vapor cools, it condenses, forming liquid water. c. Clouds produce precipitation, which is when liquid or frozen water falls to Earth’s surface.

Lesson 2: Weather Patterns air mass large body of air with distinct temperature and moisture characteristics blizzard violent winter storm characterized by freezing temperatures, strong winds, and blowing snow dominate to exert the guiding influence on front boundary between two air masses high-pressure system large body of circulating air that has high pressure at its center and lower pressure on the outside hurricane intense tropical storm with winds exceeding 119 km/h low-pressure system large body of circulating air that has low pressure at its center and higher pressure on the outside tornado violent, whirling column of air that comes in contact with the ground

and are the

or arctic ice.

tornado.

often occurs.

oceans

rotate. pressure areas. of the system. -

continents

outside

precipitation

water, it loses energy. particles in clouds and on the ground.

dry. system lingers in one area for a few days.

cold and

and moves toward low

charged and the water vapor in it condenses and the water in it condenses and vapor skies.

cold

pressure sinks - temperatures and shifting winds. rises,

clear

high to form.

stage of a thunderstorm, wind and rain subside.

and cooler temperatures. cooler and is a large body of circulating air that has high pressure has high of body its that at circulating air pressure is a large

pressure to low pressure. is a large body of circulating air that has that low pressure air of its body at circulating is a large warmer

air masses are warm and humid.

high storms is the name for the part of the United States that has the most the United the part that has the is the name of States for

stage of a thunderstorm starts with cloud formation and updrafts. is an intense tropical storm with winds exceeding 119 km per hour. is the boundary between two air masses.

stage of a thunderstorm contains heavy winds, rain, and lightning. dissipation thunderstorm

front forms when the boundary between two stalls. forms the boundary masses when front air between It

skies and light rain. skies light and

pressure system, air moves away from the front forms when a warmer air mass moves toward a cooler air mass. - are large bodies of air that have distinct temperature have that distinct moisture air and large bodies of are temperature

front

air masses are very cold and dry. They form over pressure system

front forms when a colder air mass moves toward a warmer air mass. It mass a air mass. warmer colder toward moves forms air a It front when

pressure system pressure - pressure air at the center

pressure systems bring - - - cumulus mature hurricane cloudy pressure system can provide the warm temperatures, moisture, moisture, air temperatures, and the system provide rising pressure warm can - warm

cold stationary low high When a hurricane moves over land or During the Lightning is caused by oppositely Tornadoes form when updrafts from thunderstorms AlleyTornado begin to tornadoes. Hurricanes typically form in late summer over warm, tropical storm. of severe type largest The The As the warm air rises, water vapor condenses, and A warm front brings Continental polar air masses are Maritime tropical Arctic High High Air moves from In a low system the of center Air in the clouds. forms A violent, whirling column of air that contacts the ground is a(n)

A(n) a. b. a. b. c. d.

needed for a(n) needed a. b. a. b. brings often brings severe severe brings often characteristics. An air mass forms when a(n) a. b. c. center pressure on the outside. lower and center a. b. Air masses a. b. c. center pressure on the outside. higher and center A weather A(n) 2. A(n) A(n) A low A(n) A(n) A(n) A(n) A(n) A(n)

3. 4. 1. 1. 2. 3. 2. 1. 2. 1. Severe Weather Severe Pressure Systems Pressure Fronts Air Masses Air D. D. C. C. B. B. Lesson 2: Weather Patterns A. Copyright © Glencoe/McGraw-Hill, a division of The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.

es es

given off by off by given

wind speed. winds, precipitation, and

radiation

computers. when severe weatherwhen is

on Earth’s surface

watch temperature, before making a forecast.

when severe weather is already occurring. is already weather when severe

which are symbols made up of lines that connect plac that connect lines up of symbols are made which

weather variables describes describes wind, temperature, and humidity conditions above warning

ges provide information about cloud temperature and height. isobars,

describes a set of weather measurements made on Earth’s measurements made weather set of a describes

are detailed computer programs that solve a set of complex programs set of detailed computer a that solve are ima

is a package of weather instruments that are carried into theis a package carried of weather instruments that are

is a special form of radar that can be used to detect precipitation and is a severe winter storm, characterized by freezing temperatures, temperatures, winterfreezing by characterized storm, is a severe

model displays many weather measurements for a specific location. It air air report

- weather maps.weather are lines that connect places that have the same temperature. direction. ard

are represented as lines with symbols on them.

and and s surface. upper

radiosonde surface report detailed program that solves a set formulas set solves a that complexof mathematical program detailed station describes wind, temperature, and humidity and wind, temperature, describes blizz describes a set of weather measurements made a weather set of describes specialized radar that can detect precipitation and movement of small particles and and precipitation detect that small particles can of and movement radar specialized Computer models predict formulas. formulas The mathematical of clouds. types that have equal air pressure. These lines lines information These give about equal air pressure. that have Isotherms Fronts Modern weather forecasts are made with the help of approximate wind speed. approximate wind The on appears maps have Weather A(n) A(n) a by weather balloon. atmosphere measuring the by information weather Satellites provide photographs. taking by and Earth Infrared satellite Doppler radar surface. Measurements include temperature, air pressure, speed humidity, precipitation, and wind A(n) Earth’ Meteorologists measure A(n) strong winds, and blowing snow. and winds, strong issues a(n) possible. It A(n) A(n) a(n) issues Service Weather U.S. National The

2. 3. 4. 1. 1. 2. 5. 6. 7. 8. 3. 4. 1. 2. 4. 5. line on a map used to connect all places where air pressure has the same air has value all places where pressure map used connect to on a line air report - Predicting the Weather the Predicting Measuring the Weather Measuring Weather Maps Weather C. B. conditions above Earth’s surface A. can approximate wind speed approximate wind can

esson 3: Weather Forecasts upper isobar surfacereport Doppler radar computer model L