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ZEYLANICA a Study of the Peoples and Languages of Sri Lanka

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ZEYLANICA A Study of the Peoples and Languages of Sri Lanka Asiff Hussein Second Edition: September 2014 ZEYLANICA. A Study of the Peoples and Languages of Sri Lanka ISBN 978-955-0028-04-7 © Asiff Hussein Printed by: Printel (Pvt) Ltd 21/11, 4 th Lane, Araliya Uyana Depanama, Pannipitiya Published by: Neptune Publications CONTENTS Chapter 1 Legendary peoples of Lanka Chapter 2 The Veddas, the aboriginal inhabitants of Lanka and their speech Chapter 3 The Origins of the Sinhalese nation and the Sinhala language Chapter 4 The Origins of the Sri Lankan Tamils and the Tamil language Chapter 5 The Sri Lankan Moors and their language Chapter 6 The Malays of Sri Lanka and the local Malay language Chapter 7 The Memons, a people of North Indian origin and their language Chapter 8 Peoples of European origin. The Portuguese and Dutch Burghers Chapter 9 The Kaffirs. A people of African origin Chapter 10 The Ahikuntaka. The Gypsies of Sri Lanka INTRODUCTORY NOTE The system of transliteration employed in the text, save for citations, is the standard method. Thus dots below letters represent retroflex sounds which are pronounced with the tip of the tongue striking the roof of the mouth further back than for dental sounds which are articulated by placing the tip of the tongue against the upper front teeth. Among the other sounds transliterated here c represents the voiceless palato-alveolar affricate (as sounded in the English church ) and ś the palatal sibilant (as sounded in English sh ow ). The lingual which will be found occurring in Sanskrit words is similar in pronunciation to the palatal . The anusvara is represented by , the velar nasal by and the palatal nasal by ñ as per the accepted method. Macrons placed over vowels represent long vowels. It is however thought unnecessary to so denote the long values of the e and o of Sanskrit, Pali, Prakrit and the Modern Indo-Aryan Vernaculars of India in keeping with established practice. The short e and o does not seem to have existed in Sanskrit and does not, strictly speaking, exist in the Indian MIAVs. The e and o of Pali is of variable length-long before single consonants or at the end of a word and short before double consonants or consonant clusters. The initial c occurring in certain Tamil words cited from various authorities may however not necessarily reflect the actual pronunciation, but rather be pronounced as or even s. Similarly, intervocalic t given by these authorities is pronounced as d and intervocalic k as g or a guttural h. This however may not apply to the older works such as those of the Sangam age which were probably written in the forms that faithfully represented the actual pronunciation at the time. Geographical references to India refer to the historical India including those parts of the subcontinent today known as Pakistan and Bangladesh and may not necessarily be restricted to the region encompassed by the modern-day Indian Republic. ABBREVIATIONS (GENERAL, LANGUAGES, LITERATURE AND EPIGRAPHS) GENERAL A.C. – After Christ A.H. – After Hijrat B.C. – Before Christ C. - Circa, around Cf.- Confer, compare Cl.- Classical Coll.- Colloquial Ed.-Edited e.g.- exempli gratia, for example fem.-feminine fr.- from ibid.-ibidem,in the same place i.e.-id est, that is lit.-literally pl.-plural pr.-probably sg.-singular * - hypothetical > - becomes < - is derived from LANGUAGES Alb – Albanian AMg.-Ardha-Magadhi AS- Anglo-Saxon Ar.-Arabic Arm. – Armenian As.-Asokan Av.-Avestan B.-Bihārī Bas.-Baśgalī Bg.-Bengali Br. – Brahui Div.-Divehi Dut.-Dutch Gad. – Gadaba Gaul. – Gaulish Ger.-German Gk.-Greek Go. – Gondi Goth.-Gothic Guj.-Gujarātī H.-Hindustānī (Hindī / Urdū) Hitt. – Hittite IA.- Indo-Aryan IE – Indo-European Ill-Illyrian Ka.-Kannada Kas.-Kāśmīrī Kho.-Khōwār Ko. – Kodagu Kon.-Konda Ku.-Kuwi Kur.-Kurukh L.-Latin Lat.-Latvian Lith.-Lithuanian M.-Marāṭhi Mal.-Malay MIA-Middle Indo-Aryan MIAV-Modern Indo Aryan-Vernacular Myc.- Mycanaean Greek OCS-Old Church Slavonic OE-Old English OHG-Old High German OIc- Old Icelandic OIr-Old Irish OIA-Old Indo-Aryan Oll.- Ollari ON-Old Norse O.Pruss.-Old Prussian O.Russ.-Old Russian O.Sinh-Old Sinhala OW – Old Welsh Or.-Oriya Os.-Ossetic P.-Pāli Pa. – Parji Pan.-Pañjābī PAn- Proto-Austronesian Pers.-Persian (Farsi) PIE-Proto-Indo-European Pkt.-Prakrit Pol. – Polish Port.-Portuguese Russ.-Russian Serb. – Serbo-Croatian Sinh.-Sinhala Sinh.Pkt.-Sinhala Prakrit Skt.-Sanskrit SLM-Sri Lanka Malay SM-Standard Malay SP- Standard Portuguese SLPC-Sri Lankan Portuguese Creole Son.T.-Sona Tamil Sum. – Sumerian T.-Tamil Te.-Telugu Toch.-Tocharian Tu. – Tulu Ved.-Vedda Wai.-Waigalī Wl.- Welsh LITERATURE AB- Aitareya Brahmana AV.- Atharva Veda Clp – Cilappatikāram CV - CūlavaJsa .A: - DhampiyA AtuvA GKFapadaya .3 - DBpavaJsa LSS – LAtyAyana Śrauta Sutra 6bh. - Ma+Ab+Arata 63 – 6a+AvaJsa R3 - Ṛg Veda SB – Latapatha BrAhmana 3P - VaJsatthappa1Asini N36 - Yalppana - Vaipava –Malai EPIGRAPHS .h.- Dhauli inscription of Asoka Gir.- Girnār inscription of Asoka Jau.-Jaugaḍa inscription of Asoka Ka.-Kālsi inscription of Asoka Man-Mānsehra inscription of Asoka Rup.-Rūpnāth inscription of Asoka Shb.- Shāhbāzgarhi inscription of Asoka Sig.gr.- Sigiri graffiti ABBREVIATIONS (ARCHIVES, BOOKS, PERIODICALS, JOURNALS ETC.) AA – Archiv für Anthropologie AC – Ancient Ceylon AI – Ancient India AHU – Archivo Historico Ultramarino Lisbon AJHG – American Journal of Human Genetics AJP – American Journal of Philology AJPA – American Journal of Physical Anthropology AKBAW – Abhandlungen der Königlich Bayerischen Akademie der Wissenschaften AO – Acta Orientalia ARGB – Archive für Rassen und Gesselschaft Biologie AS – American Science BBM – Bulletin of the British Museum BEFEO- Bulletin de l’ Ecole de Française d ‘Extreme-Orient BSGL – Boletim da Sociedade de Geograpraphia de Lisboa. Imprenca Nacional BSLP – Bulletin de la Societe de Linguistique de Paris BTVN – Bidragen de Taal-Land en Volkenkunde Van Nederlandsch Indie CA – Current Anthropology CALR – Ceylon Antiquary and Literary Register CB – Current Biology CDN – Ceylon Daily News CHC–A Concise History of Ceylon.C.W. Nicholas and S.Paranavitana (1961) CHJ – Ceylon Historical Journal CJS – Ceylon Journal of Science CLR – Ceylon Literary Register DSMV – Dastur Sanjana Memorial Volume EJHG – European Journal of Human Genetics Enc. I – Encyclopaedia of Islam EI– Epigraphia Indica ESMSL – An Ethnological Survey of the Muslims of Sri Lanka (1986) EZ – Epigraphia Zeylanica FKHPLB – Festschrift Königlichen Hoheit dem Prinzregenten Luitpold von Bayern. GR- Genome Research HG – Human Genetics IA – Indian Antiquary IC - Indian Culture. Journal of the Indian Research Institute IHQ – Indian Historical Quarterly IIJ- Indo Iranian Journal IJHG- International Journal of Human Genetics IS – Islamic Studies ISSJ – International Social Science Journal JA – Journal Asiatique JAOS – Journal of the American Oriental Society JASB – Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal J.Biosci – Journal of Biosciences JBORS – Journal of the Bihar and Orissa Research Society JDBU – Journal of the Dutch Burgher Union of Ceylon JIAS – Journal of the India Anthropological Society JISPQS – Journal of the Indian Society for Prehistoric and Quaternary Studies JMBRAS – Journal of the Malaysian Branch of the Royal Asiatic Society JOI – Journal of the Oriental Institute (Baroda) JOR- Journal of Oriental Research (Madras) JRAI.GB&I – Journal of the Royal Anthropological Institute of Great Britain and Ireland; formerly Journal of the Anthropological Institute of Great Britain and Ireland (JAI.GB & I) JRASB – Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society of Bengal JRAS (Bom) – Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society. Bombay JRAS.GB & I – Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society of Great Britain and Ireland JRAS. SL – Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society of Sri Lanka; formerly Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society. Ceylon Branch (JRAS. CB) JSLA- Journal of the Sri Lanka Archives LSI – Linguistic Survey of India . Ed. G.A.Grierson MAIBL – Memoires de l ’Academie des Inscriptions et Belles-Lettres MICHS – Souvenir of the Moors Islamic Cultural Home MLR – Monthly Literary Register MSZS – Münchener Studien Zur Sprachwissenschaft MTBV – Mitteilungen des Thuringer Botanischen Vereins NAWG – Nachrichten der Akademie der Wissenschaften in Göttingen NG- Nature Genetics PAC – Physical Anthropology of Ceylon. Howard Stoudt (1961) PFICSTS–Proceedings First International Conference Seminar of Tamil Studies (1966) PFV – Paranavitana Felicitation Volume. 1965 PNAS – Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences.USA PPMAA – Papers of the Peabody Museum of Archaeology and Ethnology PTAIC – Proceedings of the Third All - India Conference. 1924 PTSAIOC – Proceedings and Transactions of the Sixth All–India Oriental Conference (1930) Published 1933 PRS- Proceedings of the Royal Society RIA – Reallexicon der Indogermanische Altertumskunde RKSV – Robert Knox’s Sinhalese Vocabulary . D.W.Ferguson. JRAS. CB 1896. Based on the manuscripts of Dr. Robert Hooke (Secretary of the Royal Society from 1677 – 1682) relating to Sinhala vocables obtained from Robert Knox RL – Revista Lusitana SBAW- Sitzungsberichte der Bayerischen Akademie der Wissenschaften SBE – Sacred Books of the East Series. Ed. Max Muller SCVRASSL – Sesquicentennial Commemorative Volume of the Royal Asiatic Society of Sri Lanka (1995) SESA – Standard Encyclopaedia of Southern Africa SJCVUK – Silver Jubilee Commemoration Volume of the University of Kelaniya 1986 SKAWW – Sitzungsberichte der Kaiserlichen Akademie der Wissenschaften zu Win SKBAW–Sitzungsberichte
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    Vidyadhana, S. (2017, January 22). Kenapa Sih Anak Muda Indonesia Bersedia Terbebani Resepsi Pernikahan Mahal? Retrieved June 5, 2017, from VICE: https://www.vice.com/id_id/article/kenapa-sih-anak-muda-indonesia-bersedia-terbebani- resepsi-pernikahan-mahal Wahyuni, T. (2015, March 7). Makanan yang Paling Diincar Tamu di Pesta Pernikahan. Retrieved from CNN Indoneisa : http://www.cnnindonesia.com/gaya-hidup/20150307100907-262- 37404/makanan-yang-paling-diincar-tamu-di-pesta-pernikahan/ Wisnu, K. (2017, April 27). Mr. (B. Kusuma, Interviewer) 12. Appendices Appendix I: Products of Karunia Catering Buffet Packages Buffet Package A @ IDR 55,000 Soup Salad Vegetables Red Soup Caesar Salad Seafood Stir Fry Asparagus Soup Red Bean Salad Sukiyaki Beef Stir Fry Asparagus Corn Soup Marina Salad Crab with Broccoli Sauce Corn Soup Mix Vegetables Salad Szechuan Green Bean Waru Flower Soup Special Fruit Salad Squid and Broccoli Stir Fry Fish Meatball Soup Avocado Salad Sapo Seafood Mango Salad Broccoli and Squid Spicy Food Fish / Chicken Bistik Tongue Balado Special Kuluyuk Chicken Beef Rolade Meat Beef Balado Sweet and Sour Shrimps Beef Tongue Tongue Black Pepper Shrimp with Bread Crumb Betutu Chicken Beef Black Pepper Floured Fried Shrimp Roasted Chicken Roll Tongue Asem-asem Mayonnaise Shrimp Chicken Satay Tongue with Cheese Drum Stick Shrimp Meat Kalio Fish with Padang Sauce Lungs with Coconut Sour Salad Fish Fish with Bread Crumb 45 Bistik Dish served with sliced vegetables except for roasted chicken and satay Drink: Tea, soft drink / lemon tea
  • Indo-Iranian Personal Names in Mitanni: a Source for Cultural Reconstruction DOI: 10.34158/ONOMA.54/2019/8

    Indo-Iranian Personal Names in Mitanni: a Source for Cultural Reconstruction DOI: 10.34158/ONOMA.54/2019/8

    Onoma 54 Journal of the International Council of Onomastic Sciences ISSN: 0078-463X; e-ISSN: 1783-1644 Journal homepage: https://onomajournal.org/ Indo-Iranian personal names in Mitanni: A source for cultural reconstruction DOI: 10.34158/ONOMA.54/2019/8 Simone Gentile Università degli Studi di Roma Tre Dipartimento di Filosofia, Comunicazione e Spettacolo via Ostiense, 234˗236 00146 Roma (RM) Italy [email protected] To cite this article: Gentile, Simone. 2019. Indo-Iranian personal names in Mitanni: A source for cultural reconstruction. Onoma 54, 137–159. DOI: 10.34158/ONOMA.54/2019/8 To link to this article: https://doi.org/10.34158/ONOMA.54/2019/8 © Onoma and the author. Indo-Iranian personal names in Mitanni: A source for cultural reconstruction Abstract: As is known, some Indo˗Aryan (or Iranian) proper names and glosses are attested in documents from Egypt, Northern Mesopotamia, and Syria, related to the ancient kingdom of Mitanni (2nd millennium BC). The discovery of these Aryan archaic forms in Hittite and Hurrian sources was of particular interest for comparative philology. Indeed, some names can be readily compared to Indo˗Iranian anthroponyms and theonyms: for instance, Aššuzzana can likely be related with OPers. Aspačanā ‘delighting in horses’, probably of Median origin; Indaratti ‘having Indra as his guest’ clearly recalls Indra, a theonym which occurs both in R̥ gveda and Avesta. This paper aims at investigating the relationship between Aryan personal names preserved in Near Eastern documents and the Indo˗Iranian cultural milieu. After a thorough collection of these names, their 138 SIMONE GENTILE morphological and semantic structures are analysed in depth and the most relevant results are showed here.