L'innovation Jugaad : Redevenons Ingénieux !

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L'innovation Jugaad : Redevenons Ingénieux ! L’innovaon jugaad: Redevenons ingénieux! Navi Radjou Consultant en innovaon et leadership Fellow à la Judge Business School, Université de Cambridge Membre du World Economic Forum Coauteur de L’Innova(on Jugaad et From Smart To Wise Commission Innovaon 2030 25 Juin 2013, Paris La “course aux armements” en R&D… $603 billion: dépense R&D en 2011 Copyright © Navi Radjou 2 …ne produit pas les résultats voulus Source: Strategy & Business Copyright © Navi Radjou 3 Les processus rigides étouffent la créavité et réduisent l’agilité « Vous ne pouvez pas me;re en place un processus Six Sigma et dire : ‘Eh bien, je vais me programmer pour trouver trois bonnes idées le mercredi et deux le vendredi’. Ce n’est pas de ce;e façon que la créa(vité fonconne » Sir George BuCkley Ancien Président, 3M Copyright © Navi Radjou 4 Source: Strategy & Business The quest for innovation has long been a faith-based initiative: Spend more, and profit will come. Are you losing out to nimblerCopyright competitors? © Navi Radjou On the high-cost5 end of global- features ization? Is your sales growth flattening? Are your margins narrowing? Want to prove to Wall Street you’re serious about growth? Don’t worry; just increase the R&D budget. New products or services will emerge that make the difference — won’t they? special report Not so fast. The results of our recent study of the organization’s innovation process — the bets it makes Booz Allen Hamilton Global Innovation 1000 — the and how it pursues them — rather than the magnitude 1,000 publicly held companies from around the world of its innovation spending. that spent the most on research and development in Collaboration is key. The link between spending and 2004 — may provoke a crisis of faith. The study, which performance tends to be strongest in those areas most we believe is the most comprehensive effort to date to under the control of the R&D silo, such as product assess the influence of R&D on corporate performance, design, and weakest in those areas where cross-functional suggests that nonmonetary factors may be the most collaboration is most difficult, such as commercialization. important drivers of a company’s return on innovation These findings conjure up familiar images of frus- investment (ROI2). The major findings: tration. Hardworking R&D teams invest time and Money doesn’t buy results. There is no relationship money in the wrong projects; manufacturing, market- 3 between R&D spending and the primary measures of ing, and sales drop the ball on winning products and economic or corporate success, such as growth, enter- services; and senior executives and policymakers simply prise profitability, and shareholder return. throw more money at research and development in the Size matters. Scale leads to advantage. Larger or- mistaken belief that it will make a difference. When it ganizations can spend a smaller proportion of revenue comes to innovation investment, it appears that in many on R&D than can smaller organizations, and take no cases, less may be more. discernible performance hit. You can be too rich or too thin. Spending more does Innovation’s New Context not necessarily help, but spending too little will hurt. The myth that higher R&D spend translates into com- There isn’t clarity on how much is enough. Instead petitive advantage has been around for decades, but it of clustering into any coherent pattern, R&D budget appears to be particularly strong now. Pick up any busi- levels vary substantially, even within industries. This ness magazine or newspaper. You’ll find ample evidence suggests that no single approach to spending money on of the belief in the effectiveness of larger budgets, for innovation development is universally recognized as the both corporate and national competitiveness: most effective strategy. •“U.S. spending on R&D will also have to in- It’s the process, not the pocketbook. Superior results, crease if the country wants to remain technologically Photograph Photograph (this page) by Chris Callis in most cases, seem to be a function of the quality of an dominant.” —Fortune, July 2005 Les entreprises sont forcées à innover vite, mieux, et à moindre coût « Nos équipes sont très lentes. Nous n’innovons pas rapidement. Il faut effectuer des changements de manière systémaque » Beth Comstock Responsable Marke3ng, GE Copyright © Navi Radjou 6 Le modèle d’innovaon actuel a besoin d’un « tonus » for3fiant Copyright © Navi Radjou 7 Penser en dehors de la boîte : Et si mon frigo pouvait Et si mon frigo pouvait communiquer avec mon portable? fonctionner SANS électricité? Copyright © Navi Radjou 8 La rareté est la mère de l’inven3on Copyright © Navi Radjou 9 L’adversité est le père de l’inven3on hp://nif.org.in Kanak Das hp://economic3mes.indiames.com Source: Prof Anil Gupta, IIM-Ahmedabad Copyright © Navi Radjou 10 L’ingéniosité frugale Source: gcstz.com/products Source: www.quotednews.com ingéniosité africaine ingéniosité philippine Copyright © Navi Radjou 11 L’ingéniosité frugale Copyright © Navi Radjou 12 L’ingéniosité frugale « à grande échelle » Ratan Tata, Chairman, Tata Group Copyright © Navi Radjou 13 L’ingéniosité frugale « à grande échelle » Copyright © Navi Radjou 14 Sauter des étapes en3ères de développement Copyright © Navi Radjou 15 Produits frugaux L'état d’esprit JUGAAD Copyright © Navi Radjou 16 JUGAAD La capacité ingénieuse d’improviser une solution efficace dans un contexte difficile… en utilisant de moindres ressources Copyright © Navi Radjou 17 JUGAAD est aussi connu comme : Jeitinho ou Gambiarra au Brésil Zizhu Chuangxin en Chine Do It Yourself (DIY) aux USA Système D en France Copyright © Navi Radjou 18 Jugaad: frugale, flexible, inclusive Innovaon structurée: couteuse, rigide, éli3ste Copyright © Navi Radjou 19 Frugale Flexible Inclusive Copyright © Navi Radjou 20 Pourquoi l’Europe peut bénéficier de cehe approche jugaad? • Bouleversements démographiques • Changements technologiques • Nouvelles lois • Compétition mondiale • Amoindrissement du pouvoir d’achat Copyright © Navi Radjou 21 L’économie “partagée” condi3onne l’esprit frugal des consommateurs 22 L’économie “partagée” condi3onne l’esprit frugal des consommateurs www.JUGAAD.li 23 L’Economie CirCulaire L’Europe: Pionnière de la “fabricaon personnalisée” Copyright © Navi Radjou 25 L’Europe: Pionnière de la “fabricaon personnalisée” Copyright © Navi Radjou 26 Un écosystème d’innovaon jugaad pourrait se former en France (Europe) ENTREPRISES L’INNOVATION JUGAAD GOUVERNEMENTS UNIVERSITES Copyright © Navi Radjou 27 Les universités américaines forment des ingénieurs “frugaux” Copyright © Navi Radjou 28 Jane Chen Co-founder EMBRACE Copyright © Navi Radjou 29 30 Les entreprises européennes conçoivent des solu3ons “sasfaisantes” (vs. parfaites) Source:Siemens Copyright © Navi Radjou 31 Les entreprises européennes conçoivent des solu3ons “sasfaisantes” (vs. parfaites) Simple Maintenance-friendly Affordable Reliable Timely-to-market Source:Siemens Copyright © Navi Radjou 32 GE CFSI RoCk Health TechShop Le gouvernement américain sou3ent les innovaons “de terrain” Copyright © Navi Radjou 34 Le gouvernement britannique sou3ent l’innovaon frugale Copyright © Navi Radjou 35 Culver un état d’esprit frugal et flexible : Renault-Nissan Louis Schweitzer Ex Président, Renault Copyright © Navi Radjou 36 Culver un état d’esprit frugal et flexible : Renault-Nissan “Ces partenariats nous ont permis d’apprendre Carlos Ghosn davantage sur L’INGENIERIE FRUGALE” Président de l’Alliance Renault-Nissan Copyright © Navi Radjou 37 Do More with Less: Renault-Nissan Copyright © Navi Radjou 38 Culver un état d’esprit frugal et flexible : Renault-Nissan « En Occident, quand on est confronté à de grosses difficultés et que nous manquons de ressources, on a tendance à jeter l’éponge trop vite… Jugaad consiste Carlos Ghosn à ne jamais baisser les bras ! » Président de l’Alliance Renault-Nissan Copyright © Navi Radjou 39 Culver un état d’esprit frugal et flexible : Renault-Nissan Gérard Detourbet Responsable des véhicules www.youtube.com/watch?v=iEIk3RpV6RA d’entrée de gamme Copyright © Navi Radjou 40 Culver un état d’esprit frugal et flexible : Renault-Nissan « Nous voulons intégrer—et créer des synergies entre— l’état d’esprit jugaad des ingénieurs indiens et la compétence « ges3on de projets » de nos équipes françaises et l’exper3se en technologie avancée de nos équipes R&D japonaises » Carlos Ghosn CEO, Renault-Nissan Copyright © Navi Radjou 41 De l’« entrepreneur » au « bricoleur » Source: Wikipedia Claude Lévi-Strauss Source: hhp://ia700807.us.archive.org/ Copyright © Navi Radjou 42 Discussion Navi Radjou [email protected] @NaviRadjou jugaadinnovaon.com Twier @JugaadAtWork facebook.com/jugaadinnovaon .
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