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This PDF is available from The National Academies Press at http://www.nap.edu/catalog.php?record_id=13386 Rising to the Challenge: U.S. Innovation Policy for Global Economy ISBN Charles W. Wessner and Alan Wm. Wolff, Editors; Committee on 978-0-309-25551-6 Comparative National Innovation Policies: Best Practice for the 21st Century; Board on Science, Technology, and Economic Policy; Policy and 598 pages Global Affairs; National Research Council 6 x 9 PAPERBACK (2012) Visit the National Academies Press online and register for... Instant access to free PDF downloads of titles from the NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES NATIONAL ACADEMY OF ENGINEERING INSTITUTE OF MEDICINE NATIONAL RESEARCH COUNCIL 10% off print titles Special offers and discounts Distribution, posting, or copying of this PDF is strictly prohibited without written permission of the National Academies Press. Unless otherwise indicated, all materials in this PDF are copyrighted by the National Academy of Sciences. Request reprint permission for this book Copyright © National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved. Rising to the Challenge: U.S. Innovation Policy for Global Economy RISING TO THE CHALLENGE U.S. Innovation Policy for the Global Economy Committee on Comparative National Innovation Policies: Best Practice for the 21st Century Board on Science, Technology, and Economic Policy Policy and Global Affairs Charles W. Wessner and Alan Wm. Wolff, Editors Copyright © National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved. Rising to the Challenge: U.S. Innovation Policy for Global Economy THE NATIONAL ACADEMIES PRESS 500 Fifth Street, N.W. Washington, DC 20001 NOTICE: The project that is the subject of this report was approved by the Governing Board of the National Research Council, whose memBers are drawn from the councils of the National Academy of Sciences, the National Academy of Engineering, and the Institute of Medicine. The memBers of the committee responsible for the report were chosen for their special competences and with regard for appropriate balance. This study was supported by Contract/Grant No. N01-OD-4-2139, TO #245, between the National Academy of Sciences and the National Institutes of Health; Contract/Grant No. DE-PI0000010, TO #15, Between the National Academy of Sciences and the U.S. Department of Energy; Contract/Grant No. SB1341-03-C-0032 between the National Academy of Sciences and the National Institute of Standards and Technology of the U.S. Department of Commerce; Contract/Grant No. OFED-858931 Between the National Academy of Sciences and Sandia National Laboratories; and Contract/Grant No. NAVY- N00014-05-G-0288, DO #2, between the National Academy of Sciences and the Office of Naval Research. Any opinions, findings, conclusions, or recommendations expressed in this puBlication are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the views of the organizations or agencies that provided support for the project. International Standard Book NumBer 13: 978-0-309-25551-6 International Standard Book NumBer 10: 0-309-25551-1 Additional copies of this report are available for sale from the National Academies Press, 500 Fifth Street, N.W., Keck 360, Washington, DC 20001; (800) 624-6242 or (202) 334-3313; Internet, http://www.nap.edu/ . Copyright 2012 By the National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved. Printed in the United States of America Copyright © National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved. Rising to the Challenge: U.S. Innovation Policy for Global Economy The National Academy of Sciences is a private, nonprofit, self-perpetuating society of distinguished scholars engaged in scientific and engineering research, dedicated to the furtherance of science and technology and to their use for the general welfare. Upon the authority of the charter granted to it By the Congress in 1863, the Academy has a mandate that requires it to advise the federal government on scientific and technical matters. Dr. Ralph J. Cicerone is president of the National Academy of Sciences. The National Academy of Engineering was estaBlished in 1964, under the charter of the National Academy of Sciences, as a parallel organization of outstanding engineers. It is autonomous in its administration and in the selection of its members, sharing with the National Academy of Sciences the responsiBility for advising the federal government. The National Academy of Engineering also sponsors engineering programs aimed at meeting national needs, encourages education and research, and recognizes the superior achievements of engineers. Dr. Charles M. Vest is president of the National Academy of Engineering. The Institute of Medicine was estaBlished in 1970 by the National Academy of Sciences to secure the services of eminent members of appropriate professions in the examination of policy matters pertaining to the health of the puBlic. The Institute acts under the responsibility given to the National Academy of Sciences By its congressional charter to be an adviser to the federal government and, upon its own initiative, to identify issues of medical care, research, and education. Dr. Harvey V. FineBerg is president of the Institute of Medicine. The National Research Council was organized by the National Academy of Sciences in 1916 to associate the broad community of science and technology with the Academy’s purposes of furthering knowledge and advising the federal government. Functioning in accordance with general policies determined By the Academy, the Council has become the principal operating agency of Both the National Academy of Sciences and the National Academy of Engineering in providing services to the government, the public, and the scientific and engineering communities. The Council is administered jointly By both Academies and the Institute of Medicine. Dr. Ralph J. Cicerone and Dr. Charles M. Vest are chair and vice chair, respectively, of the National Research Council. www.national-academies.org Copyright © National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved. Rising to the Challenge: U.S. Innovation Policy for Global Economy Copyright © National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved. Rising to the Challenge: U.S. Innovation Policy for Global Economy Committee on Comparative National Innovation Policies: Best Practice for the 21st Century* Alan Wm. Wolff, Chair Mary L. Good (NAE), Vice Chair Senior Counsel Dean Emeritus, Donaghey College McKenna Long & Aldridge LLP of Engineering and Information and Technology STEP Board Special Advisor to the Chancellor for Economic Development Michael G. Borrus University of Arkansas Founding General Partner at Little Rock X/Seed Capital Management and STEP Board Gail H. Cassell (IOM) Visiting Professor Kent H. Hughes Department of Global Health Director and Social Medicine Program on America Harvard Medical School and the Global Economy Woodrow Wilson International Carl J. Dahlman Center for Scholars Henry R. Luce Associate Professor Edmund A. Walsh School Gregory Kats of Foreign Service President Georgetown University Capital E Charles K. Ebinger Director, Energy Security Initiative Senior Fellow, Foreign Policy The Brookings Institution *As of June 2012. v Copyright © National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved. Rising to the Challenge: U.S. Innovation Policy for Global Economy Project Staff Charles W. Wessner Sujai J. Shivakumar Study Director Senior Program Officer McAlister T. Clabaugh Peter J. Engardio Program Officer Consultant David S. Dawson Thomas R. Howell Senior Program Assistant Consultant David E. Dierksheide William A. Noellert Program Officer Consultant vi Copyright © National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved. Rising to the Challenge: U.S. Innovation Policy for Global Economy For the National Research Council (NRC), this project was overseen by the Board on Science, Technology and Economic Policy (STEP), a standing board of the NRC established by the National Academies of Sciences and Engineering and the Institute of Medicine in 1991. The mandate of the Board on Science, Technology, and Economic Policy is to advise federal, state, and local governments and inform the public about economic and related public policies to promote the creation, diffusion, and application of new scientific and technical knowledge to enhance the productivity and competitiveness of the U.S. economy and foster economic prosperity for all Americans. The STEP Board and its committees marshal research and the expertise of scholars, industrial managers, investors, and former public officials in a wide range of policy areas that affect the speed and direction of scientific and technological change and their contributions to the growth of the U.S. and global economies. Results are communicated through reports, conferences, workshops, briefings, and electronic media subject to the procedures of the National Academies to ensure their authoritativeness, independence, and objectivity. The members of the STEP Board* and the NRC staff are listed below: Paul L. Joskow, Chair Mary L. Good (NAE) President Dean Emeritus, Donaghey College Alfred P. Sloan Foundation of Engineering and Information Technology Ernst R. Berndt Special Advisor to the Chancellor Louis E. Seley Professor for Economic Development in Applied Economics University of Arkansas Massachusetts Institute at Little Rock of Technology William H. Janeway John Donovan Partner Chief Technology Officer Warburg Pincus, LLC AT&T Inc. Richard K. Lester Alan M. Garber (IOM) Japan Steel Industry Professor Provost Head, Nuclear Science Harvard University and Engineering Founding
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