DOCSLIB.ORG

Asian Development Review: Volume 38, Number 1

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Asian Development Review: Volume 38, Number 1 Asian Development Review Volume 38 2021 Number 1 Seasonal Labor Mobility in the Pacifi c: Past Impacts, Future Prospects John Gibson and Rochelle-Lee Bailey Population Aging and the Three Demographic Dividends in Asia Naohiro Ogawa, Norma Mansor, Sang-Hyop Lee, Michael R.M. Abrigo, and Tahir Aris What’s Happened to Poverty and Inequality in Indonesia over Half a Century? Hal Hill Does Computer-Aided Instruction Improve Children’s Cognitive and Noncognitive Skills? Hirotake Ito, Keiko Kasai, Hiromu Nishiuchi, and Makiko Nakamuro Education–Occupation Mismatch and Its Wage Penalties in Informal Employment in Thailand Tanthaka Vivatsurakit and Jessica Vechbanyongratana International Comparisons of Poverty in South Asia TM Tonmoy Islam, David Newhouse, and Monica Yanez-Pagans Government Intervention, Institutional Quality, and Income Inequality: Evidence from Asia and the Pacifi c, 1988–2014 Bertrand Blancheton and Dina Chhorn Social Capital and Innovation in East Asia Seo-Young Cho AADEV3801-Cover.inddDEV3801-Cover.indd 1 22/24/21/24/21 99:30:30 AAMM EDITOR YASUYUKI SAWADA, Asian Development Bank TETSUSHI SONOBE, Asian Development Bank Institute MANAGING EDITOR JESUS FELIPE, Asian Development Bank EDITORIAL TEAM GEMMA ESTHER B. ESTRADA, Asian Development Bank MARIA SUSAN M. TORRES, Asian Development Bank MARY ANN M. MAGADIA, Asian Development Bank EDITORIAL BOARD KYM ANDERSON, University of Adelaide AHMED MUSHFIQ MOBARAK, Yale University PREMA-CHANDRA ATHUKORALA, NANCY QIAN, Northwestern University Australian National University KRISLERT SAMPHANTHARAK, University of KLAUS DESMET, Southern Methodist University California, San Diego JESUS FELIPE, Asian Development Bank KUNAL SEN, UNU-WIDER and The University NEIL FOSTER-MCGREGOR, UNU-MERIT of Manchester SHIN-ICHI FUKUDA, The University of Tokyo AYA SUZUKI, The University of Tokyo RANA HASAN, Asian Development Bank MAISY WONG, University of Pennsylvania SUNG JIN KANG, Korea University JOSEPH ERNEST ZVEGLICH, JR., Asian HONGBIN LI, Stanford University Development Bank XIN MENG, Australian National University HONORARY BOARD Chair: MASATSUGU ASAKAWA, Asian Development Bank MONTEK SINGH AHLUWALIA, Former HAN SEUNG-SOO, UN Secretary-General’s Deputy Chairman of the Planning Special Envoy for Disaster Commission, India Risk Reduction and Water PETER DRYSDALE, Australian National University LAWRENCE SUMMERS, Harvard JUSTIN LIN, Peking University University, John F. Kennedy MARI ELKA PANGESTU, World Bank School of Government The Asian Development Review is a professional journal for disseminating the results of economic and development research relevant to Asia. The journal seeks high-quality papers done in an empirically rigorous way. Articles are intended for readership among economists and social scientists in government, private sector, academia, and international organizations. The views expressed in this publication are those of the authors and do not necessarily refl ect the views and policies of the Asian Development Bank (ADB), the Asian Development Bank Institute (ADBI), the ADB Board of Governors, or the governments they represent. ADB and ADBI do not guarantee the accuracy of the data included in this publication and accept no responsibility for any consequence of their use. By making any designation of or reference to a particular territory or geographic area, or by using the term “country” in this document, ADB and ADBI do not intend to make any judgments as to the legal or other status of any territory or area. Please direct all editorial correspondence to the Managing Editor, Asian Development Review, Economic Research and Regional Cooperation Department, Asian Development Bank, 6 ADB Avenue, Mandaluyong City, 1550 Metro Manila, Philippines. E-mail: [email protected]. Notes: In this publication, “$” refers to United States dollars, unless otherwise stated. ADB recognizes “Korea” as the Republic of Korea. For more information, please visit the website of the publication at www.adb.org/publications/series/asian-development-review. AADEV3801-Cover.inddDEV3801-Cover.indd 2 22/24/21/24/21 99:30:30 AAMM Asian Development Review Volume 38 • 2021 • Number 1 March 2021 Volume 38 2021 Number 1 Seasonal Labor Mobility in the Pacifi c: Past Impacts, Future Prospects 1 John Gibson and Rochelle-Lee Bailey Population Aging and the Three Demographic Dividends in Asia 32 Naohiro Ogawa, Norma Mansor, Sang-Hyop Lee, Michael R.M. Abrigo, and Tahir Aris What’s Happened to Poverty and Inequality in Indonesia over Half a Century? 68 Hal Hill Does Computer-Aided Instruction Improve Children’s Cognitive and Noncognitive Skills? 98 Hirotake Ito, Keiko Kasai, Hiromu Nishiuchi, and Makiko Nakamuro Education–Occupation Mismatch and Its Wage Penalties in Informal Employment in Thailand 119 Tanthaka Vivatsurakit and Jessica Vechbanyongratana International Comparisons of Poverty in South Asia 142 TM Tonmoy Islam, David Newhouse, and Monica Yanez-Pagans Government Intervention, Institutional Quality, and Income Inequality: Evidence from Asia and the Pacifi c, 1988–2014 176 Bertrand Blancheton and Dina Chhorn Social Capital and Innovation in East Asia 207 Seo-Young Cho Seasonal Labor Mobility in the Pacific: Past Impacts, Future Prospects John Gibson and Rochelle-Lee Bailey∗ The Pacific islands have weak economic growth and limited structural change compared to the rest of developing Asia. Remoteness and low economic density are two causes. To mitigate these constraints, bilateral arrangements with Australia and New Zealand let Pacific workers seasonally migrate to access higher-paying, more dynamic labor markets. Managed circular schemes are designed to benefit employers in labor-intensive sectors like horticulture, Pacific workers with limited employment opportunities in their own countries, and the communities providing workers. Several studies show large, positive impacts, but more general development impacts have been harder to find. Likewise, clear quantitative evidence of positive impacts in host countries has been hard to obtain. In this paper, we review the main seasonal labor mobility schemes in the Pacific and provide new evidence on community-level and aggregate impacts. Keywords: development impacts, labor mobility, Pacific economies, seasonal migration JEL codes: F22, J61, O12 I. Introduction The island economies in the Pacific have experienced weak economic growth and limited structural change compared to the typical economy in the rest of developing Asia.1 Remoteness from major centers of population and economic activity, and low economic density, have contributed to these poor outcomes (Gibson 2007). To mitigate the impact of these constraints, bilateral arrangements with Australia and New Zealand over the last decade have given workers from these countries an opportunity to use seasonal labor migration to access higher-paying, more dynamic and diverse labor markets. These managed circular migration schemes are designed to benefit employers in labor-intensive sectors, ∗John Gibson (corresponding author): Department of Economics, University of Waikato, Hamilton, New Zealand. E-mail: [email protected]; Rochelle-Lee Bailey: Department of Pacific Affairs, Coral Bell School of Asia Pacific Affairs, Australian National University, Canberra, Australia. E-mail: [email protected]. This paper draws on more than a decade of research on Pacific seasonal labor mobility. Among our many collaborators and supporters, we especially thank Halahingano Rohorua, David McKenzie, John Corcoran, Richard Bedford, Charlotte Bedford, Geua Boe-Gibson, Manjula Luthria, and Lionel Kaluat, and the many migrants, employers, and government officials who have assisted with our research. We are also grateful to the managing editor and an anonymous referee for helpful comments and suggestions. The usual Asian Development Bank (ADB) disclaimer applies. 1Developing Asia refers to the 46 developing member economies of ADB. Asian Development Review, vol. 38, no. 1, pp. 1–31 © 2021 Asian Development Bank and https://doi.org/10.1162/adev_a_00156 Asian Development Bank Institute. Published under a Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 International (CC BY 3.0) license. 2 Asian Development Review the workers from the Pacific that have limited opportunities for wage-earning employment in their own countries, and the communities that send the workers. As seen around the world, any discussion of temporary migration programs can become highly charged in public debate due to the issues of human trafficking, overstaying and other forms of illegal migration, employer exploitation of immigrants, and misunderstandings stemming from differences in cultural and legal traditions between source and host countries. Yet, labor mobility has played a key role in ensuring efficient and equitable development, particularly when youthful populations—such as in Melanesian countries like Papua New Guinea and Vanuatu—are adjacent to countries like Australia, New Zealand, and many Asian countries with aging populations. The recently introduced seasonal migration schemes recognize the need to let employers in the labor-intensive accommodation, agriculture, horticulture, and viticulture (wine) industries recruit workers from Pacific countries for several months per year, letting workers who comply with migration regulations return for future seasons. A balance between the needs of these industries for seasonal labor to help expand production and exports, and the need to provide employment opportunities for workers from the Pacific, all while preserving border integrity,
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Nationalizing Transnational Mobility in Asia Xiang Biao, Brenda S
    RETURN RETURN Nationalizing Transnational Mobility in Asia Xiang Biao, Brenda S. A. Yeoh, and Mika Toyota, eds. Duke University Press Durham and London 2013 © 2013 Duke University Press All rights reserved Printed in the United States of America on acid-f ree paper ♾ Cover by Heather Hensley. Interior by Courtney Leigh Baker. Typeset in Minion Pro by Tseng Information Systems, Inc. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Return : nationalizing transnational mobility in Asia / Xiang Biao, Brenda S. A. Yeoh, and Mika Toyota, editors. pages cm Includes bibliographical references and index. isbn 978-0-8223-5516-8 (cloth : alk. paper) isbn 978-0-8223-5531-1 (pbk. : alk. paper) 1. Return migration—Asia. 2. Asia—Emigration and immigration. I. Xiang, Biao. II. Yeoh, Brenda S. A. III. Toyota, Mika. jv8490.r48 2013 325.5—dc23 2013018964 CONTENTS Acknowledgments ➤➤ vii Introduction Return and the Reordering of Transnational Mobility in Asia ➤➤ 1 Xiang biao Chapter One To Return or Not to Return ➤➤ 21 The Changing Meaning of Mobility among Japanese Brazilians, 1908–2010 Koji sasaKi Chapter Two Soldier’s Home ➤➤ 39 War, Migration, and Delayed Return in Postwar Japan MariKo asano TaManoi Chapter Three Guiqiao as Political Subjects in the Making of the People’s Republic of China, 1949–1979 ➤➤ 63 Wang Cangbai Chapter Four Transnational Encapsulation ➤➤ 83 Compulsory Return as a Labor-M igration Control in East Asia Xiang biao Chapter Five Cambodians Go “Home” ➤➤ 100 Forced Returns and Redisplacement Thirty Years after the American War in Indochina
    [Show full text]
  • Household Structure and Child Education in Cambodia
    International Journal of Population Studies RESEARCH ARTICLE Household structure and child education in Cambodia Patrick Heuveline* and Savet Hong California Center for Population Research (CCPR), University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA) Abstract: We analyze the effects of household structure on education in Cambodia. Consistent evidence documents that residence with both biological parents benefits children’s education in Western countries. Elsewhere, the issue is gaining more attention with the growing number of “left-behind children” due to adult migration and, possibly, changes in family behavior. The extant record is both thinner and more contrasted, however. Controlling for the presence of grandparents and some household characteristics, we find children residing with both biological parents are more likely to be enrolled in school, in the appropriate grade for their age, and literate than those living with only one parent. The effect sizes appear comparable to those in most ARTICLE INFO Western countries, but the effects shrink or even disappear when grandparents are Received: October 9, 2017 Accepted: February 28, 2018 present. The results for children not residing with either parent are mixed, possibly Published Online: April 4, 2018 resulting from negative effects for some children and positive selection for some others. *CORRESPONDING AUTHOR Keywords: education;family demography; global/international; household structure; Patrick Heuveline California Center for Population single parents Research (CCPR) 4284 Public Affairs Bldg University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA) 1. Introduction Los Angeles, LA 90095 In this paper, we analyze the effects of household structure and children’s living [email protected] arrangements on their educational outcomes in Cambodia. Such effects have been CITATION extensively and fairly consistently documented in high-income Nations.
    [Show full text]
  • Changing Political Cleavages in 21 Western Democracies, 1948-2020 Amory Gethin, Clara Martínez-Toledano, Thomas Piketty
    Brahmin Left versus Merchant Right: Changing Political Cleavages in 21 Western Democracies, 1948-2020 Amory Gethin, Clara Martínez-Toledano, Thomas Piketty To cite this version: Amory Gethin, Clara Martínez-Toledano, Thomas Piketty. Brahmin Left versus Merchant Right: Changing Political Cleavages in 21 Western Democracies, 1948-2020. 2021. halshs-03226118 HAL Id: halshs-03226118 https://halshs.archives-ouvertes.fr/halshs-03226118 Preprint submitted on 14 May 2021 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. World Inequality Lab – Working Paper N° 2021/15 Brahmin Left versus Merchant Right: Changing Political Cleavages in 21 Western Democracies, 1948-2020 Amory Gethin Clara Martínez-Toledano Thomas Piketty May 2021 Brahmin Left versus Merchant Right: Changing Political Cleavages in 21 Western Democracies, 1948-2020 Amory Gethin Clara Martínez-Toledano Thomas Piketty May 5, 2021 Abstract This paper provides new evidence on the long-run evolution of political cleavages in 21 Western democracies by exploiting a new database on the vote by socioeconomic characteristic covering over 300 elections held between 1948 and 2020. In the 1950s-1960s, the vote for democratic, labor, social democratic, socialist, and affiliated parties was associated with lower-educated and low-income voters.
    [Show full text]
  • Global Income Inequality, 1820-2020: the Persistence and Mutation of Extreme Inequality Lucas Chancel, Thomas Piketty
    Global Income Inequality, 1820-2020: The Persistence and Mutation of Extreme Inequality Lucas Chancel, Thomas Piketty To cite this version: Lucas Chancel, Thomas Piketty. Global Income Inequality, 1820-2020: The Persistence and Mutation of Extreme Inequality. 2021. halshs-03321887 HAL Id: halshs-03321887 https://halshs.archives-ouvertes.fr/halshs-03321887 Preprint submitted on 18 Aug 2021 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. World Inequality Lab – Working Paper N° 2021/19 Global Income Inequality, 1820-2020: The Persistence and Mutation of Extreme Inequality Lucas Chancel Thomas Piketty This version: July 2021 World Inequality Lab 1 Global Income Inequality, 1820-2020: The Persistence and Mutation of Extreme Inequality Lucas Chancel1,2, Thomas Piketty1,3 This version: July 2021 Abstract. In this paper, we mobilize newly available historical series from the World Inequality Database to construct world income distribution estimates from 1820 to 2020. We find that the level of global income inequality has always been very large, reflecting the persistence of a highly hierarchical world economic system. Global inequality increased between 1820 and 1910, in the context of the rise of Western dominance and colonial empires, and then stabilized at a very high level between 1910 and 2020.
    [Show full text]
  • Highlights from the World Inequality Report 2018 Lucas Chancel
    Globalization, Growth, and Inequality: Highlights from the World Inequality Report 20181 Lucas Chancel 1 What is the aim of the World Inequality Report 2018? • The objective of the World Inequality Report 2018 is to contribute to a more informed global democratic debate on economic inequality by bringing the latest and most complete data to the public discussion. • Economic inequality is widespread and to some extent inevitable. It is our belief, however, that if rising inequality is not properly monitored and addressed, it can have catastrophic polit- ical, economic, and social consequences. We do not seek to bring everyone into agreement regarding inequality; this will never happen, for the simple reason that no single scientific truth exists about the ideal level of inequality, let alone the most socially desirable mix of pol- icies and institutions to achieve such a level. Ultimately, it is a matter for public deliberation, political institutions, and their processes to make these difficult decisions. • But this deliberative process requires more rigorous and transparent information on income and wealth that reconciles macroeconomic phenomena with microeconomic trends in inequal- ity, which can often contradict each other. Generating this information is not a straightforward exercise, however, given that many countries do not publicly release, or may not even pro- duce, detailed and consistent income and wealth inequality statistics. • To overcome these limitations, we combine all data sources at our disposal in a systematic and transparent manner: national income and wealth accounts (including, when possible, es- timates of offshore wealth); household income and wealth surveys; fiscal data coming from taxes on income; inheritance and wealth data (when they exist); and wealth rankings.
    [Show full text]
  • The Inequality Virus Bringing Together a World Torn Apart by Coronavirus Through a Fair, Just and Sustainable Economy
    Adam Dicko is a Malian activist, fighting for social justice in the times of COVID-19 © Xavier Thera/Oxfam The Inequality Virus Bringing together a world torn apart by coronavirus through a fair, just and sustainable economy www.oxfam.org OXFAM BRIEFING PAPER – JANUARY 2021 The coronavirus pandemic has the potential to lead to an increase in inequality in almost every country at once, the first time this has happened since records began. The virus has exposed, fed off and increased existing inequalities of wealth, gender and race. Over two million people have died, and hundreds of millions of people are being forced into poverty while many of the richest – individuals and corporations – are thriving. Billionaire fortunes returned to their pre-pandemic highs in just nine months, while recovery for the world’s poorest people could take over a decade. The crisis has exposed our collective frailty and the inability of our deeply unequal economy to work for all. Yet it has also shown us the vital importance of government action to protect our health and livelihoods. Transformative policies that seemed unthinkable before the crisis have suddenly been shown to be possible. There can be no return to where we were before. Instead, citizens and governments must act on the urgency to create a more equal and sustainable world. 2 © Oxfam International January 2021 This paper was written by Esmé Berkhout, Nick Galasso, Max Lawson, Pablo Andrés Rivero Morales, Anjela Taneja, and Diego Alejo Vázquez Pimentel. Oxfam acknowledges the assistance of Jaime
    [Show full text]
  • Global and Country Perspectives on a New Agenda
    ONE Technology, Change, and a New Growth Agenda ZIA QURESHI lobal economic growth has been lackluster for more than a de cade Gnow. Growth slowed sharply after the global financial crisis of 2007–08, but the under lying growth trajectory had started to weaken in most major economies well before the crisis. Recovery from the shock of the crisis has been uneven and, in general, slow and weak. Growth appeared to pick up steam in a synchronized way across economies in 2017 and early 2018, but the acceleration proved short- lived and faded by late 2018.1 The per sis tent sluggish growth is happening at a time when the global economy has been exposed to impor tant forces of change. Foremost among these has been technology. There has been a boom in new technolo- gies, spearheaded by digital technologies. Technology- enabled innova- tion is a major spur to productivity growth, the key driver of long- term economic growth. Yet, paradoxically, productivity growth has slowed rather than accelerated in most economies. Among advanced economies 3 01-3775-9-ch01.indd 3 1/16/20 8:41 PM 4 ZIA QURESHI since approximately 2005, growth in productivity has averaged barely half of the pace of the previous fifteen years.2 There is much ongoing debate on this “productivity paradox”— why has productivity slowed amid a wave of technological advances?3 Firms at the technological frontier have reaped major productivity gains from these advances, but the impact on productivity more widely across firms and the economy at large has been weak. The new technologies have tended to produce “winner- takes- most” outcomes.
    [Show full text]
  • An Ethnography of Cross-Border Life and Kinship from the Perspectives of Filipina/O-Canadian Youths
    “To Live My Life”: An ethnography of cross-border life and kinship from the perspectives of Filipina/o-Canadian youths by Jennifer E. Shaw Master of Arts, University of Victoria, 2010 Bachelor of Arts (honours), University of Victoria, 2007 Thesis Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy in the Department of Sociology and Anthropology Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences © Jennifer E. Shaw SIMON FRASER UNIVERSITY Spring 2018 Copyright in this work rests with the author. Please ensure that any reproduction or re-use is done in accordance with the relevant national copyright legislation. Approval Name: Jennifer E. Shaw Degree: Doctor of Philosophy (Anthropology) Title: “To Live My Life”: An ethnography of cross-border life and kinship from the perspectives of Filipina/o-Canadian youths Examining Committee: Chair: Dara Culhane Professor Parin Dossa Senior Supervisor Professor Noel Dyck Supervisor Professor Kathleen Millar Supervisor Assistant Professor Habiba Zaman Internal Examiner Professor Department of Gender, Sexuality, and Women’s Studies Rhacel Salazar Parreñas External Examiner Professor Department of Sociology University of Southern California Date Defended/Approved: January 24, 2018 ii Ethics Statement iii Abstract This dissertation concerns the labour youths perform in their search for well-being across borders. I draw from ethnographic, life story, and visual methods following 15 months of research with ten young people. These youths lived apart from and later reunited with their mothers who moved from the Philippines to Canada to perform domestic work. Through their stories of precarity, care, and hope, participants reveal how a good life or a better life is a relational construct with shifting significations depending on their past experiences, present conditions, and hopes for the future.
    [Show full text]
  • Critical Readings on Ageing in South East Asia
    Critical Readings on Ageing in South East Asia Introduction______________________________________________________ Healthcare Malaysia 1. Momtaz, Y. A., Ibrahim, R., Hamid, T. A., & Yahaya, N. (2011). Socio- demographic predictors of elderly's psychological well-being in Malaysia. Aging & mental health, 15 (4), 437-445. 2. Rashid, A., & Tahir, I. (2014). The Prevalence and Predictors of Severe Depression among the Elderly in Malaysia. Journal of cross-cultural gerontology, 1-17. 3. PHILIP J.-H. POI, DUNCAN R. FORSYTH, DANIEL K. Y. CHAN (2004) Services for older people in Malaysia: issues and challenges, Age and Ageing; 33: 444–446 4. Sharifah Azizah Haron • Deanna L. Sharpe • Jariah Masud • Mohamed Abdel- Ghany (2010) Health Divide: Economic and Demographic Factors Associated with Self-Reported Health among Older Malaysians. Journal of Family and Economic Issues, 31:328–337 5. Tengku Aizan Hamid a Saroja Krishnaswamy b Siti Suhailah Abdullah a Yadollah Abolfathi Momtaz (2010) Sociodemographic Risk Factors and Correlates of Dementia in Older Malaysians. Dementia and Geriatric Cognitive Disorders, 30:533–539. Vietnam 6. Hoi, L. V., Thang, P., & Lindholm, L. (2011). Elderly care in daily living in rural Vietnam: Need and its socioeconomic determinants. BMC geriatrics, 11(1), 81. 7. Nguyen Xuan Thanh and Lars Lindholm (2012) Has Vietnam Health care funds for the poor policy favored the elderly poor? BMC Health Services Research 2012, 12:333 1 8. Le V Hoi, Chuc, N. T., & Lindholm, L. (2010). Health-related quality of life, and its determinants, among older people in rural Vietnam. BMC public health, 10(1), 549. Cambodia 9. Knodel, J., Williams, N., Kim, S. K., Puch, S., & Saengtienchai, C.
    [Show full text]
  • Beyond GDP-Measuring What Matters
    ART ANALYSIS AND RESEARCH TEAM 19 May 2021 Issues paper BEYOND GDP: MEASURING WHAT MATTERS GDP has long been the standard way of measuring and comparing the economic performance of countries, but it cannot on its own give a complete picture of the well-being of a community. That requires the use of additional indicators that go beyond the purely economic. With the digital and green transitions set to shape our future, and as we emerge from the COVID-19 pandemic, we have an opportunity to develop the phrase ‘beyond GDP’ from a well-intentioned slogan to a tool that can help inform a more structured debate on social and environmental issues. However, as this paper shows, this requires addressing at least two key issues. The first of these is the selection and endorsement of indicators. This is important since the value of this exercise will depend on the extent to which indicators win political acceptance both within and beyond the EU. The second issue is how such indicators are to be used - will they be used for communication purposes, or as input to the policy-making process, or both? Unless there is clarity on these issues, ‘beyond GDP’ risks remaining an empty shell. Disclaimer: The opinions expressed are solely those of the author(s). In no case should they be considered or construed as representing an official position of the Council of the European Union or the European Council. © European Union, 2021 Reproduction is authorised provided the source is acknowledged. Any question or comment should be addressed to [email protected].
    [Show full text]
  • Charles Hirschman PAA President in 2005
    DEMOGRAPHIC DESTINIES Interviews with Presidents of the Population Association of America Interview with Charles Hirschman PAA President in 2005 This series of interviews with Past PAA Presidents was initiated by Anders Lunde (PAA Historian, 1973 to 1982) And continued by Jean van der Tak (PAA Historian, 1982 to 1994) And then by John R. Weeks (PAA Historian, 1994 to present) With the collaboration of the following members of the PAA History Committee: David Heer (2004 to 2007), Paul Demeny (2004 to 2012), Dennis Hodgson (2004 to present), Deborah McFarlane (2004 to 2018), Karen Hardee (2010 to present), Emily Merchant (2016 to present), and Win Brown (2018 to present) CHARLES HIRSCHMAN PAA President in 2005 (No. 68). Interviewed by John Weeks, Dennis Hodgson, and Karen Hardee at the PAA meetings at the Boston Marriott, Copley Center, Boston, MA, May 2014. CAREER HIGHLIGHTS: Charles Hirschman was born in 1943 in Ohio, where he grew up. He received his BA from Miami University (Ohio) in 1965 and his Ph.D. from the University of Wisconsin-Madison in 1972. He taught at Duke University (1972-1981) and Cornell University (1981- 1987) before joining the University of Washington in 1987. He served as director of the UW Center for Studies in Demography and Ecology from 1987 to 1995 and as chair of the Department of Sociology from 1995 to 1998. He was appointed Boeing International Professorship in 1998 and held a joint appointment in the Daniel J. Evans School of Public Policy and Governance from 2002 to 2017. In addition to his academic appointments, Hirschman worked for the Ford Foundation (in Malaysia) in 1974-75, and was a visiting fellow at the University of Malaya (1984), Australian National University (1985), the Center for Advanced Studies in the Behavioral Sciences (1993-94), the Russell Sage Foundation (1998-99), and the Population Reference Bureau (2005-06), and was Fulbright Professor at the University of Malaya (2012-13).
    [Show full text]
  • Ten Facts About Inequality in Advanced Economies
    WID.world WORKING PAPER N° 2019/15 Ten facts about inequality in advanced economies Lucas Chancel October 2019 Ten facts about inequality in advanced economies Lucas Chancel1,2 This version: October 16th, 2019 This paper presents 10 basic facts regarding inequality in advanced economies. Income and wealth inequality was very high a century ago, dropped in the 20th century, and has been rising at different speeds across countries since the 1980s. The financial crisis of 2008 does not appear to have inverted this trend. At the global level, while between-country inequality mattered more than within-country inequality in the 1980s, it is the opposite today. The rise of inequality has not been counterbalanced by an increase social mobility. The reduction of gender pay gaps has tempered the rise of inequality in recent decades, but gender inequality remains particularly high among top income and wealth groups. Racial inequalities remain large as well. Evidence suggests that trade and technology alone cannot explain large inequality variations across rich countries. Shifts in tax and wage setting policies, as well as differences in educational and health systems matter a lot. 1 World Inequality Lab, Paris School of Economics 2 Sciences Po Postal address: World Inequality Lab at the Paris School of Economics, 48 Bd Jourdan, 75014 Paris. Contact: [email protected]. The author would like to thank Tancrède Voituriez, Olivier Blanchard and Dani Rodrik, Thomas Blanchet as well as colleagues at the World Inequality Lab for comments. Thanks to Abhijit Tagade for excellent research assistance. Introduction Inequality in high-income countries has attracted significant attention in recent years among academics, international organizations, civil society and policymakers1.
    [Show full text]