O Corpo-Imagem Na “Cultura Do Consumo”: Uma Análise Histórico-Social Sobre a Supremacia Da Aparência No Capitalismo Avançado

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

O Corpo-Imagem Na “Cultura Do Consumo”: Uma Análise Histórico-Social Sobre a Supremacia Da Aparência No Capitalismo Avançado Tatiane Pacanaro Trinca O corpo-imagem na “cultura do consumo”: uma análise histórico-social sobre a supremacia da aparência no capitalismo avançado Mujer frente al espejo, 1932 Pablo Picasso Marília 2008 Tatiane Pacanaro Trinca O corpo-imagem na “cultura do consumo”: uma análise histórico-social sobre a supremacia da aparência no capitalismo avançado Dissertação de Mestrado apresentada ao Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Sociais da Faculdade de Filosofia e Ciências da Universidade Estadual Paulista como parte integrante dos requisitos para a obtenção do Título de Mestre. Linha de Pesquisa: Trabalho, Política e Sociabilidade. Orientadora: Dra. Fátima Cabral. Marília 2008 Trinca, Tatiane Pacanaro O corpo-imagem na “cultura do consumo”: uma análise histórico-social sobre a supremacia da aparência no capitalismo avançado / Tatiane Pacanaro Trinca. – Marília , 2008. 154p. ; 30 cm Dissertação de Mestrado – Universidade Estadual Paulista. Faculdade de Filosofia e Ciências, 2008. Bibliografia: p. 204-214 1. Corpo. 2. Moda. 3. Cultura do consumo. 4. Sociologia. 5.Pós-modernismo. 6. Sociedade da imagem. I. Autor. II. Título. Universidade Estadual Paulista Faculdade de Filosofia e Ciências Campus de Marília O corpo-imagem na “cultura do consumo”: uma análise histórico-social sobre a supremacia da aparência no capitalismo avançado Comissão Examinadora: Dra. Fátima Cabral - orientadora (Departamento de Sociologia e Antropologia da FFC - UNESP) Dra. Célia Aparecida Ferreira Tolentino (Departamento de Sociologia e Antropologia da FFC - UNESP) Dr. Alexandre Fernandez Vaz (Departamento de Metodologia do Ensino – Centro de Ciências da Educação - UFSC) Marília 2008 “Não existe sujeição tão perfeita quanto aquela que conserva a aparência de liberdade”. Rousseau Dedico este trabalho aos meus pais que não puderam estudar, mas não mediram esforços para que eu o fizesse. Agradecimentos Desejo agradecer a todas as pessoas que prestaram imenso apoio, solidariedade e complacência ao longo de minha vida. À Fátima Cabral, que mais do que orientadora se tornou uma amiga. Agradeço por ter acompanhado desde os primeiros passos dessa minha caminhada no mundo acadêmico, por ter orientado o trabalho com paciência e precisão e, ainda, por ter me apresentado a boa música brasileira. Agradeço imensamente meu namorado e companheiro Rodrigo, pela compreensão e por me auxiliar, de forma ímpar, com seus inestimáveis ensinamentos. Aos meus estimados amigos Robson e Ádima, por acompanharem esta trajetória e por me incentivarem a novos desafios. Ao meu prezado amigo Leandro Belinni, que acompanhou de perto os primeiros passos dessa fase, sempre com sábias palavras de apoio. À querida amiga Valéria Pilão, pela força e incentivo. Obrigada por sempre estar disposta a ajudar, seja com debates de idéias, seja com trocas de experiências. À amiga Lívia, por ter dividido o mesmo teto e feito dessa fase uma passagem muito mais alegre. Agradeço também o apoio e o compartilhamento de conhecimentos. Aos meus queridos amigos da graduação e do mestrado: Márcio, Simone, Érika, Danilo, Ana Cristina, Carlos, Luana, Lourdes, Paula, Kleber, Claudinei, Camila, Paulinha, Bóris e Renato pelas horas de descontração, pelas infinitas conversas e por terem contribuído intelectualmente, mesmo sem saber, para o desenvolvimento dessa pesquisa. Suas dicas e conselhos foram valiosos. Aos meus amigos e colegas que agora estão mais longe, mas que assim mesmo não se cansam de apoiar, muito obrigada por tudo Wagner, Marcos, Michelle, Rúbia, Neusa, Djinane, Renato, Marcão, Bete, Wilmiara, Anderson e Alexandro. À Lílian, pelo amparo e sugestões. Às minhas queridas primas Alexandra e Sílvia, pela confiança e amizade. Aos amigos e familiares de Santo André, especialmente, aos meus irmãos Wladimir Alexandre e Júlio César e aos meus amados sobrinhos Renan e Enzo. Aos professores Marcos Del Roio, Paulo Cunha, Célia Tolentino, Robespierre de Oliveira pela generosidade e atenção e, ainda, pelos ensinamentos e incentivo. Aos membros da banca de qualificação, pelas preciosas contribuições. A todos os colegas e funcionários da Faculdade de Filosofia e Ciências da UNESP e por fim à CAPES, pelo financiamento concedido. Resumo Presenciamos diariamente no contexto das sociedades ocidentais industrializadas a frenética e obsessiva importância dada ao corpo e à moda, ambos se entrelaçam aos padrões de beleza disseminados pela indústria cultural, o que propicia uma crescente corrida ao consumo de novidades estéticas. Diante disso, objetiva-se compreender, por meio de uma análise histórico-social, o desenvolvimento do fenômeno do culto ao corpo e à aparência, tendo em vista as práticas cotidianas da cultura do consumo aprofundadas no capitalismo avançado. Considerando que há uma correspondência entre a produção cultural e as experiências e modos de subjetividade nas sociedades capitalistas contemporâneas e à luz de uma perspectiva materialista - embora dialogando com autores de diferentes abordagens epistemológicas - procuramos identificar como a lógica da mercadoria e da racionalidade instrumental se manifestam tanto na moda quanto na busca de um corpo ideal. Palavras-chave: Corpo; Moda; Cultura do consumo; Pós-modernismo; Subjetividade; Sociedade da imagem. Abstract We witness every day, in the context of the industrialized western societies, the frenzied and obsessive importance given to body and fashion both intertwined with the beauty patterns disseminated by the cultural industry, what propitiates a growing run to the consumption of aesthetic innovations. In that sense, the goal is to understand, using a historical-social analysis, the development of the phenomenon of the cult of physical fitness and appearance, considering the daily practices of the culture of consumption deepened involved with the advanced capitalism. Considering that there is an equivalence between cultural production and experiences and subjectivity manners in the contemporary capitalist societies and through a materialistic perspective - although dialoguing with authors from different epistemology approaches - we tried to identify how the logic of merchandise and instrumental rationality appear as much in fashion as in the search of an ideal body. Key-words: Body; Fashion; Consumer culture; Postmodernism; Subjectivity; Society of the image Sumário 1. Introdução 1.1 Tire a gordura, ponha o peito e acerte o nariz: a problemática............................................................. 2 1.2 Horizonte interpretativo: os objetivos e a metodologia do estudo........................................................ 10 1.3 Caminhos percorridos........................................................................................................................... 16 2. A corporeidade humana como fenômeno sociocultural 2.1 O corpo à luz da teoria social................................................................................................................ 23 2.2 A construção social do corpo frente ao predomínio da forma mercadoria........................................... 38 3. Modernidade e “cultura de consumo” 3.1Os corpos circulam: a cidade moderna como espaço próspero do consumo......................................... 55 3.2 Moda: investimentos na aparência corporal.......................................................................................... 72 4. A colonização do corpo diante da nova lógica cultural do capitalismo avançado 4.1 Pós-modernismo: teorizando sua ascensão........................................................................................... 94 4.2 A sociedade da imagem e a onipresença midiática do corpo estandardizado: entre telas e vitrines............................................................................................................................................................. 109 4.3 Um novo arquétipo de felicidade: o culto ao corpo como utopia pós-moderna.................................... 128 Considerações Finais....................................................................................................................... 137 Referências....................................................................................................................................... 143 Bibliografia...................................................................................................................................... 152 Anexo 1 Introdução 1.1 Tire a gordura, ponha o peito e acerte o nariz1: a problemática “A vida, fechada diante do espelho, fica perigosamente vazia de sentido”. Maria Rita Kehl O corpo exprime o elo entre a natureza e a cultura, entre o social e o individual, entre o fisiológico e o simbólico. Deter-se sobre o corpo elaborando uma crítica aos modos como ele vem sendo concebido e tratado tornou-se tarefa de diversas especialidades disciplinares, tais como a psiquiatria, a psicologia, a pedagogia, a educação física, entre outras, todavia, parece- nos relevante buscar contribuir com o debate sobre as novas formas de se relacionar com o corpo, sobretudo no âmbito das discussões sociológicas, na medida em que esta, igualmente, nos oferece instrumentos analíticos para a interpretação dos complexos fenômenos sociais que envolvem a corporeidade no mundo contemporâneo. Conforme demonstra David Le Breton no livro A sociologia do corpo, as sociologias nascem de turbulências, de crises, de onde é desenhado o fio condutor do pensamento aplicado na compreensão da sociedade. Ela busca encontrar as lógicas sociais e culturais e dar significação à desordem aparente.
Recommended publications
  • Deconstructing the Children's Culture Industry
    DECONSTRUCTING THE CHILDREN‘S CULTURE INDUSTRY: A RETROSPECTIVE ANALYSIS FROM YOUNG PEOPLE by JENNIFER ANN HILL A THESIS SUBMITTED IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF Doctor of Philosophy in THE COLLEGE OF GRADUATE STUDIES (Interdisciplinary Studies) (Social Work, Sociology, Psychology,) THE UNIVERSITY OF BRITISH COLUMBIA (Okanagan) April 2013 © Jennifer Ann Hill, 2013 ABSTRACT The children‘s ―culture industry,‖ meaning the mass production of popular culture by corporations, has systematically targeted children to persuade them to desire commodities while promising an increase in happiness. Media in all forms has become the conduit through which corporations have access to children and the means by which they influence, mould and profoundly impact children's lives. Indeed, consumer culture plays a dominant role for individuals living in such cultures, arguably more than any other institution including government. In the 1990s, the most intense commercial campaign in the history of childhood had commenced. Despite the pervasiveness of consumerism, there has been a notable gap in the literature to ascertain from young people, in their own words, what are the experiences of and meanings attributed to consumerism throughout their childhoods. Using a paradigm of qualitative research, the present dissertation provides a detailed description of how young people, those aged 18 or 19, perceive the presence of consumer culture in their lives, both presently and with particular focus on the past, as children. Data presented here suggest that most of the young people interviewed feel considerable pressure to conform to the standards of consumerism, including the adoption of brand culture, fads and a ‗buy-and-consume‘ modality.
    [Show full text]
  • Rob Checks His List Twice
    The Undergraduate Magazine Vol. V, No. 10 | January 24, 2005 House of Pain Turn Over for Sex Cosmetic Conformity My Old Friend John Lauren laments the onerous housing Thuy and Roz double up on your Anna predicts the downfall of mankind James provides a trio of reviews to application favorite subject one surgery at a time guide your listening pleasure Page 3 Page 8 Page 5 Page 7 YOU’RE NEXT, BITCH MARIAN LEE MID SEASON REPORT CARD CUDDLE ’N’ Rob checks his list twice COLLAGE ANDREW PEDERSON | BRUT FORCE ROB FORMAN | MY 13-INCH BOX WHEN I LEFT PHILADELPHIA EVERY SO OFTEN I find Desperate Housewives: Clearly the shock of the season. for Winter Break, I was hoping for myself questioning whether For some unprecedented reason—read a sense of humor— a pleasant change in climate. At I am, in fact, in a waking Desperate Housewives has managed to gain critical acclaim home in Nevada, winter usually dream. You see, I have an while being a primetime soap-opera. The witty women on means something like forty five de- acquired taste. You might Wisteria Lane have already won a Golden Globe for Best grees, 20% humidity and clear skies. even call it obscure, cultist, Comedy Series, and Teri Hatcher won for Best Lead Actress This time, however, the weather and unpopular. After all, I in a Comedy Series. Oh, and the show is the biggest new gods granted me only one week of trumpeted my love of Angel show of the season, and second overall only to the original sweet, gentle desert winter before and Wonderfalls last year CSI.
    [Show full text]
  • Departamento De Direito Regulação Da Mídia
    0 PUC DEPARTAMENTO DE DIREITO REGULAÇÃO DA MÍDIA E LIBERDADE DE EXPRESSÃO: UMA ANÁLISE DA EXPERIÊNCIA ALEMÃ E AUSTRALIANA por CAROLINA MONTEIRO DE CASTRO SILVEIRA ORIENTADOR: FÁBIO CARVALHO LEITE 2016.2 PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIRO RUA MARQUÊS DE SÃO VICENTE, 225 - CEP 22453-900 RIO DE JANEIRO - BRASIL 1 REGULAÇÃO DA MÍDIA E LIBERDADE DE EXPRESSÃO: UMA ANÁLISE DA EXPERIÊNCIA ALEMÃ E AUSTRALIANA por CAROLINA MONTEIRO DE CASTRO SILVEIRA Monografia apresentada ao Departamento de Direito da Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio de Janeiro (PUC-Rio) para a obtenção do Título de Bacharel em Direito. Orientador(a): Fábio Carvalho Leite 2 Agradecimentos Agradeço ao meu orientador Prof. Fábio Carvalho Leite pelo incentivo e presteza no auxílio às atividades, pelos anos de PIBIC, pelas reuniões, pelos conselhos e correções que muito me fizeram crescer e aprender. Os seus ensinamentos foram fundamentais na elaboração deste trabalho. Agradeço aos demais professores da PUC-Rio, que foram corresponsáveis por todo o aprimoramento intelectual que a faculdade de direito proporcionou. O corpo docente possibilitou muitas visões além dos livros, muitas inspirações e reflexões que tornaram a graduação completa. À PUC-Rio, que proporcionou estrutura e profissionais fantásticos, sem os quais a graduação não teria sido tão excepcional. Intercâmbios, experiências e prêmios que a PUC-Rio me concedeu e que formaram o que sou hoje. Agradeço também à Vice-Reitoria Comunitária pela bolsa de estudos, que possibilitou que eu me formasse nesta instituição de ensino excelente. À Patrícia Spínola e Thiago Spínola, que forneceram o endereço na Austrália, sem o qual jamais poderíamos ter realizado o experimento com a autoridade reguladora da mídia australiana.
    [Show full text]
  • Reality Television and Its Impact on Women's Body Image Ayarza Manwaring Eastern Kentucky University, Ayarza [email protected]
    Eastern Kentucky University Encompass Online Theses and Dissertations Student Scholarship 2011 Reality television and its impact on women's body image Ayarza Manwaring Eastern Kentucky University, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://encompass.eku.edu/etd Part of the Gender and Sexuality Commons, and the Psychology Commons Recommended Citation Manwaring, Ayarza, "Reality television and its impact on women's body image" (2011). Online Theses and Dissertations. 50. https://encompass.eku.edu/etd/50 This Open Access Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by the Student Scholarship at Encompass. It has been accepted for inclusion in Online Theses and Dissertations by an authorized administrator of Encompass. For more information, please contact [email protected]. REALITY TELEVISION AND ITS IMPACT ON WOMEN‟S BODY IMAGE By AYARZA MANWARING Bachelor of Science Smith College Northampton, MA 2008 Submitted to the Faculty of the Graduate School of Eastern Kentucky University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of MASTER OF SCIENCE December 2011 Copyright © Ayarza Manwaring, 2011 All rights reserved ii DEDICATION This thesis is dedicated to my mom Daphne Manwaring Who taught me to find joy in reading iii ACKNOWLEDGMENTS I would like to thank my thesis advisor, Dr. Matthew Winslow, for allowing me to learn about research at my own pace. I would also like to thank the other members of my committee for agreeing to take the time to assist me with this project. I would also like to thank the members of the general psychology program, Nannan Li, Lakita Johnson, Jonathan Ritter, Lynn Thompson and Christopher Palmer, who provided me with an outlet to vent my frustrations.
    [Show full text]
  • Is Evolution Evil?: a Celebration of the Cult of Formlessness by Daniel Mckernan
    Is Evolution Evil?: A Celebration of the Cult of Formlessness By Daniel McKernan Thesis Paper – Final Draft Presented to SVA MFACA November 21, 2004 TABLE OF CONTENTS List of Illustrations . 3 Abstract . 4 Introduction . 5 Historical, Theoretical, Cultural Context . 7 Analysis & Synthesis . 20 Conclusion . 24 Bibliography . 25 2 LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS 1. Eduardo Kac with GFP Bunny, Alba, by Chrystelle Fontaine, 2000. 2. Chrissy Caviar, by Chrissy Conant, 2002. 3. Marilyn: Green, Pink, Red and Gold, by Andy Warhol, 1962. 4. Amanda Lepore: Untitled, by David LaChapelle, 1998. 5. Amanda Lepore: Living Doll, by Vincent Knapp, 2003. 6. Half-Man, self-portrait by Daniel McKernan, 2003. 3 ABSTRACT This thesis research paper, in order to fully contextualize the project which will come to fruition by May, 2005, must first review in brief the social construction of gender, focusing mostly on the writings of Judith Butler. After a familiarity is established with gender as performance, a historical background on fame is given along with the comparative differences between the notions of fame and celebrity, particularly the theories of Donald Kuspit on the concept of the art-star as coined by Andy Warhol. Transgenic, Biological, and Carnal Art are also discussed, touching on Eduardo Kac, Chrissy Conant and Orlan. This brings the reader up to speed to delve into the notion of transsexualism as the new punk aesthetic of our time and as a performative and bodily art form as conceptualized by luminary celebrity transsexual, Amanda Lepore, who is to be the star of the actual thesis project. Furthermore, a look into my personal background, particularly my artistic biography and previous statements, is addressed.
    [Show full text]
  • MTV Smut Peddlers
    TABLE OF CONTENTS Executive Summary¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤ Page 1 Major Findings¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤ Page 1 I. Background¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤ Page 2 II. Study Parameters & Methodology¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤ Page 3 III. Overview of Major Findings¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤ Page 3 ◊ Other Findings¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤ Page 3 IV Examples:¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤ Page 4 ◊ Foul language o On reality shows¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤ Page 4 o In music videos¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤ Page 4 ◊ Sex o On reality shows¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤ Page 5 o In music videos¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤ Page 6 ◊ Violence o On reality shows¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤ Page 9 o In music videos¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤ Page 10 V. Conclusion¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤ Page 10 End Notes¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤ Page 11 The Parents Television Council¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤ Page 12 Entertainment Tracking Systems: State-of-the-Art Television Monitoring System¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤ Page 13 Acknowledgements¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤ Page 14 MTV Smut Peddlers 3,056 depictions of sex or various forms of nudity and MTV Smut Peddlers: 2,881 verbal sexual references.
    [Show full text]
  • Deconstructing the Children's Culture Industry
    DECONSTRUCTING THE CHILDREN‘S CULTURE INDUSTRY: A RETROSPECTIVE ANALYSIS FROM YOUNG PEOPLE by JENNIFER ANN HILL A THESIS SUBMITTED IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF Doctor of Philosophy in THE COLLEGE OF GRADUATE STUDIES (Interdisciplinary Studies) (Social Work, Sociology, Psychology,) THE UNIVERSITY OF BRITISH COLUMBIA (Okanagan) April 2013 © Jennifer Ann Hill, 2013 ABSTRACT The children‘s ―culture industry,‖ meaning the mass production of popular culture by corporations, has systematically targeted children to persuade them to desire commodities while promising an increase in happiness. Media in all forms has become the conduit through which corporations have access to children and the means by which they influence, mould and profoundly impact children's lives. Indeed, consumer culture plays a dominant role for individuals living in such cultures, arguably more than any other institution including government. In the 1990s, the most intense commercial campaign in the history of childhood had commenced. Despite the pervasiveness of consumerism, there has been a notable gap in the literature to ascertain from young people, in their own words, what are the experiences of and meanings attributed to consumerism throughout their childhoods. Using a paradigm of qualitative research, the present dissertation provides a detailed description of how young people, those aged 18 or 19, perceive the presence of consumer culture in their lives, both presently and with particular focus on the past, as children. Data presented here suggest that most of the young people interviewed feel considerable pressure to conform to the standards of consumerism, including the adoption of brand culture, fads and a ‗buy-and-consume‘ modality.
    [Show full text]
  • This Thesis Has Been Submitted in Fulfilment of the Requirements for a Postgraduate Degree (E.G
    This thesis has been submitted in fulfilment of the requirements for a postgraduate degree (e.g. PhD, MPhil, DClinPsychol) at the University of Edinburgh. Please note the following terms and conditions of use: This work is protected by copyright and other intellectual property rights, which are retained by the thesis author, unless otherwise stated. A copy can be downloaded for personal non-commercial research or study, without prior permission or charge. This thesis cannot be reproduced or quoted extensively from without first obtaining permission in writing from the author. The content must not be changed in any way or sold commercially in any format or medium without the formal permission of the author. When referring to this work, full bibliographic details including the author, title, awarding institution and date of the thesis must be given. Chinese Women’s Makeover Shows: Idealised Femininity, Self-presentation and Body Maintenance Xiaoyi Sun Doctor of Philosophy The University of Edinburgh 2014 1 Declaration This is to certify that that the work contained within has been composed by me and is entirely my own work. No part of this thesis has been submitted for any other degree or professional qualification. Signed: 2 Abstract Since the beginning of the twenty-first century, the Chinese television industry has witnessed the rise of a new form of television programme, Chinese Women’s Makeover Shows. These programmes have quickly become a great success and have received enormous attention from growing audiences. The shows are themed on educating and demonstrating to the audiences the information and methods needed to beautify their faces and bodies and consume products accordingly.
    [Show full text]
  • Bling Ring: a Gangue De Hollywood, Ela Apresenta Todos Os Detalhes De Uma Das Quadrilhas Mais Audaciosas De Nossos Tempos
    1 2 Entre 2008 e 2009, as residências de Lindsay Lohan, Orlando Bloom, Paris Hilton e diversas outras celebridades foram invadidas e saqueadas. Os ladrões, um grupo de jovens criados em um endinheirado subúrbio de Los Angeles, levaram o equivalente a 3 milhões de dólares em joias, dinheiro e artigos de grife, como relógios Rolex, bolsas Louis Vuitton, perfumes Chanel e jaquetas Diane von Furstenberg. As notícias surpreendentes sobre o caso chocaram Hollywood e intrigaram o mundo. Por que esses garotos, que em nada correspondiam à tradicional imagem dos bandidos, realizaram crimes tão ousados? A jornalista Nancy Jo Sales entrevistou todos os envolvidos, incluindo os pais e os advogados dos jovens, e até mesmo as celebridades que sofreram os assaltos. Em Bling Ring: a gangue de Hollywood, ela apresenta todos os detalhes de uma das quadrilhas mais audaciosas de nossos tempos. A história real também inspirou o filme de Sofia Coppola, estrelado por Emma Watson. 3 Da esquerda para a direita, no alto: Diana Tamayo, Jonathan Ajar, Alexis Neiers e Rachel Lee; embaixo: Nick Prugo, Courtney Ames e Roy Lopez. 4 PREFÁCIO Na primavera de 2010, recebi um recado de alguém do escritório de Sofia Coppola dizendo que ela estava interessada em comprar os direitos de filmagem da minha reportagem “The Suspects Wore Louboutins” [Os suspeitos usavam Louboutin] para a revista Vanity Fair, que tinha acabado de ser publicada na edição dedicada a Hollywood daquele ano. Fiquei entusiasmada, mas também intrigada em saber por que essa história teria atraído o interesse de Sofia Coppola. Era sobre uma quadrilha formada por adolescentes entre 2008 e 2009 que tinham escolhido como alvo as casas da nova geração de astros de Hollywood.
    [Show full text]
  • Cosmetic Surgery Makeover Programs and Intentions to Undergo Cosmetic Enhancements: a Consideration of Three Models of Media Effects
    HUMAN COMMUNICATION research Human Communication Research ISSN 0360-3989 ORIGINAL ARTICLE Cosmetic Surgery Makeover Programs and Intentions to Undergo Cosmetic Enhancements: A Consideration of Three Models of Media Effects Robin L. Nabi Department of Communication, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 The recent proliferation of reality-based television programs highlighting cosmetic sur- gery has raised concerns that such programming promotes unrealistic expectations of plastic surgery and increases the desire of viewers to undergo such procedures. In Study 1, a survey of 170 young adults indicated little relationship between cosmetic surgery makeover program viewing and body satisfaction or perception of risk but a small posi- tive association with desire to undergo cosmetic surgical procedures. In Study 2, a survey of 271 young women allowed for a test of three theoretical explanations for this associa- tion. Evidence in support of cultivation theory, social cognitive theory, and social com- parison theory emerged, thus highlighting the need for a more integrated theoretical model of media effects. doi:10.1111/j.1468-2958.2008.01336.x In 2004, the number of cosmetic procedures performed in the United States reached nearly 12 million, representing a 17% increase in surgical and a 51% increase in nonsurgical cosmetic procedures from the previous year (American Society for Aes- thetic Plastic Surgery, 2005). What could explain this sudden and dramatic increase? The popular press pointed to the growing number of ‘‘makeover’’ television programs depicting cosmetic procedures as the culprit (e.g., Shute, 2004). Extreme Makeover, I Want a Famous Face, and The Swan are among the most prominent examples of reality-based programs depicting the transformation of adults from ordinary and, in their own eyes, imperfect into their own ideal, often through multiple cosmetic sur- gical procedures.
    [Show full text]
  • Music Television,” by Blaine Allan, Was Originally Published in the Third Edition of Jeremy G
    “Music Television,” by Blaine Allan, was originally published in the third edition of Jeremy G. Butler, Television: Critical Methods and Applications (Mahwah, NJ: Erlbaum, 2007), 287-324. It was not included in subsequent editions of Television and consequently it was placed online, although not in the public domain. All © copyrights are still reserved. If citing this chapter, please use the original publication information (above). Questions? Contact Jeremy Butler at [email protected] or via TVCrit.com. ch10_8050_Butler_LEA 8/11/06 8:45 PM Page 287 CHAPTER 10 Music Television Blaine Allan Music Television and Music Video Antecedents and Influences How Music Television Organizes Time How Music Television Relates to Its Audience Types of Music Video The Sound of Video The Look of Video Sample Analysis Summary Further Readings edition TELEVISION TV, the United States’ first round-the-clock television service Mdevoted to popular music, went on the air in 1981. The first video broadcast featured a hit song by the British one-hit wonder, the Bug- gles: “Video Killed the Radio Star.” Recalling the Hollywood myth that silent-era stars would3rd not survive the transition to sound cinema, the title seemed to predict that television would supplant radio as the more im- portant medium to the pop music industry. It suggested that video and the exposure of television might destroy some musical careers. Changes in the pop music world occur quickly, and styles and fads ap- pear and fade away rapidly. TVCrit.comWhether music television has by its form proved detrimental to any popular musician is questionable, but many have certainly benefitted.
    [Show full text]
  • Schadenfreude, Social Identity, and American Media Culture A
    NORTHWESTERN UNIVERSITY Laughing at the World: Schadenfreude, Social Identity, and American Media Culture A DISSERTATION SUBMITTED TO THE GRADUATE SCHOOL IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS for the degree DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY Field of Radio/Television/Film By Amber Eliza Watts EVANSTON, ILLINOIS June 2008 2 Copyright by Amber Watts 2008 All rights reserved 3 Contents Abstract __________________________________________________ 4 Acknowledgements _________________________________________ 6 One Introduction: Laughing at the World___________________________ 8 Two The Reality of Schadenfreude and the Schadenfreude of Reality ___ 44 Three Misery, Transformation, and Happy Endings ___________________ 80 Four Love Hurts ______________________________________________ 134 Five Notoriety, Scandal, and Why We Love to Hate Celebrities ________ 203 Bibliograph y ____________________________________________ 259 4 ABSTRACT Laughing at the World: Schadenfreude , Social Identity, and American Media Culture Amber Watts This project explores historical questions of televisual form and cultural production, centering on the proliferation of media texts that mobilize real-life misfortune as a form of entertainment in U.S. television and culture. Specifically, it examines how a variety of “reality” formats in contemporary television stage and exploit spectacles of failure, defeat, suffering, and humiliation for the pleasure of the viewing audience. These texts speak to a wide range of emotional engagements, from pity and sympathy to pure schadenfreude
    [Show full text]