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Kepentingan Tiongkok Dalam Pemberian Pinjaman Pembangunan Ke

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Kepentingan Tiongkok Dalam Pemberian Pinjaman Pembangunan Ke KEPENTINGAN TIONGKOK DALAM PEMBERIAN PINJAMAN PEMBANGUNAN KE GHANA 2007-2010 Skripsi Diajukan untuk Memenuhi Persyaratan Memperoleh Gelar Sarjana Sosial (S.Sos) Disusun oleh: Rina Munawaroh (1111113000097) PROGRAM STUDI ILMU HUBUNGAN INTERNASIONAL FAKULTAS ILMU SOSIAL DAN ILMU POLITIK UNIVERSITAS ISLAM NEGERI (UIN) SYARIF HIDAYATULLAH JAKARTA 2018 LEMBAR PERNYATAAN BEBAS PLAGIARISME Skripsi yang Berjudul : “Kepentingan Tiongkok Dalam Pemberian Pinjaman Pembangunan ke Ghana 2007-2010” 1. Merupakan hasil karya asli saya yang diajukan untuk memenuhi salah satu persyaratan memperoleh gelar Strata 1 di Universitas Islam Negeri (UIN) Syarif Hidayatullah Jakarta. 2. Semua sumber yang saya gunakan dalam penulisan ini telah saya cantumkan sesuai dengan ketentuan yang berlaku di Universitas Islam Negeri (UIN) Syarif Hidayatullah Jakarta. 3. Jika di kemudian hari terbukti bahwa karya ini bukan hasil karya saya atau merupakan hasil jiplakan dari karya orang lain, maka saya bersedia menerima sanksi yang berlaku di Universitas Islam Negeri (UIN) Syarif Hidayatullah Jakarta. Jakarta, 30 Mei 2018 Rina Munawaroh ii ABSTRAK Penelitian ini akan membahas tentang kepentingan Tiongkok dalam memberikan pinjaman pembangunan terhadap Ghana di Afrika pada tahun 2007 hingga 2010. Dalam penelitian ini dijelaskan bahwa Tiongkok merupakan salah satu negara yang berhasil mencapai tingkat pertumbuhan perekonomian tertinggi di dunia yang kemudian berupaya mengembangkan pencapaian kepentingannya di berbagai wilayah dunia, termasuk wilayah Afrika Barat, khususnya Ghana. Dalam menganalisa pinjaman pembangunan Tiongkok terhadap Ghana, penelitian ini menggunakan teori dependensia dan konsep pinjaman luar negeri. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode penelitian kualitatif dengan teknik pengumpulan data sekunder. Dari penelitian ini dapat diketahui bahwa kepentingan Tiongkok dalam memberikan pinjaman pembangunan terhadap Ghana di Afrika pada tahun 2007 adalah untuk menciptakan ketergantungan sebagai penyedia bahan baku dan pangsa pasar atas produk-produk ekspor Tiongkok di Ghana dan negara-negara Afrika Barat lainnya, serta sebagai pendekatan untuk mengembangkan sektor swasta dan perusahaan Multi National Corporation (MNC) Tiongkok di Ghana. Sedangkan kepentingan bidang politik adalah untuk menciptakan ketergantungan sebagai penyedia alutsista bagi angkatan bersenjata Ghana, serta untuk mendukung agenda new silk road. Kata kunci : Tiongkok-Ghana, kepentingan Tiongkok, rise of China, dependensia Ghana v KATA PENGANTAR Alhamdulillahirabbil’alamiin. Puji syukur kehadirat Allah SWT atas segala limpahan rahmat dan ridho-Nya sehingga penulis dapat menyelesaikan skripsi ini untuk melengkapi gelar Sarjana Sosial di Universitas Islam Negeri (UIN) Syarif Hidayatullah Jakarta. Shalawat dan salam penulis haturkan kepada Rasulullah Muhammad SAW, semoga kita mendapat syafa’at-nya di yaumil akhir kelak. Aamiin. Penulis sangat menyadari bahwa keberhasilan skripsi dan gelar sarjana ini tidak terlepas dari motivasi dan doa dari berbagai pihak yang dengan tulus memberikan segenap dukungan baik moril maupun materil. Oleh karena itu, penulis ingin menyampaikan segenap terima kasih kepada: 1. My inspiration, Uma Hj. Umi Kulsum dan Abah H. Djalil Terima kasih karena telah memotivasi/menyediakan Rina kesempatan untuk mengenyam pendidikan setinggi-tingginya. Keberhasilan dan gelar S.Sos ini Rina persembahkan untuk Uma dan Abah. 2. My brothers and sisters: H. Saleh, Hj. Eka Safitri, H. Ade Saefullah, Maria Ulfah dan Hj. Putri Handayani. Semoga kita semua bisa tetap kompak dan saling mendukung dalam kebaikan. Aamiin. 3. My academic tutors, yang sangat berjasa mendukung dan membantu dalam proses penyelesaian skripsi: Bapak Taufiq Rahman, M.A., selaku Dosen Pembimbing Skripsi yang dengan sabar membantu kelancaran proses penulisan skripsi ini. Terima vi kasih atas saran dan bimbingan Bapak hingga terselesaikannya skripsi ini. Bapak Muhamad Adian Firnas, S. IP, M. Si dan Ibu Inggrid Galuh Mustikawati, MHSPS selaku dosen penguji yang telah memberikan masukan demi perbaikan penelitian kearah yang lebih baik. Terimakasih Bapak dan Ibu atas saran dan bimbingannya. Bapak Ahmad Alfajri, MA., selaku Ketua Jurusan Hubungan Internasional dan Ibu Eva Mushoffa, MA., selaku Sekretaris Jurusan Hubungan Internasional. Terima kasih atas masukan dan dukungan yang Bapak dan Ibu berikan, sehingga saya dapat mengikuti alur prosedural akademis FISIP dengan lancar dan tuntas. Bapak Agus Nilmada Azmi, M.Si., selaku Dosen Pembimbing Akademik. Terima kasih atas segala saran Bapak dalam rangkaian proses akademis. Seluruh jajaran dosen FISIP UIN Jakarta, khususnya untuk Ibu Debby Affianty, yang bersedia memberikan motivasi dan membantu mengoreksi proposal skripsi saya. Terima kasih, semoga Ibu sehat-sehat selalu ya. Bagian TU, administrasi, dan Perpustakaan FISIP yang tidak dapat saya sebutkan satu per satu. Terimakasih atas bantuannya. 4. My partner in crime, hari-hari penulis hampa tanpa mu: Ken Anggara Caesar. Terimakasih sudah banyak memberikan bantuan dan saran yang membangun untuk kemajuan penulis. 5. My beloved friends, yang memberikan rangkaian momen tak terlupakan. Hubungan Internasional Angkatan 2011, khususnya HI-C; Najmah Azzahra, Unaesah, Farah Dina, Shabrina, Zhahrah, Windy, Dicky, Arya, Rifat, Faisal, vii Mahar, Taufik, Rizka, Rani, Suci, Izzat, dan Fida. Terima kasih atas keceriaan dan perjuangan selama 4 tahun yang kita lalui bersama. LDK FISIP UIN Jakarta yang selalu menemani perjuangan kuliah di FISIP. Penghuni Kostan Griya Aini, khususnya Amaliah dan Yayan. Terimakasih sudah menjadi teman sekamar yang pengertian banget dikala suka dan duka. Penulis berharap semoga skripsi ini dapat memberikan manfaat bagi pembaca, khususnya mahasiswa Hubungan Internasional, baik sebagai referensi maupun sebagai bahan literatur lainnya. Rina Munawaroh viii DAFTAR ISI JUDUL ..................................................................................................................... i LEMBAR PERNYATAAN BEBAS PLAGIARISME ........................................ ii PERSETUJUAN PEMBIMBING SKRIPSI ........................................................ iii PENGESAHAN PANITIA UJIAN SIDANG ....................................................... iv ABSTRAKSI ............................................................................................................ v KATA PENGANTAR ............................................................................................. vi DAFTAR ISI ............................................................................................................ ix DAFTAR TABEL ................................................................................................... xii DAFTAR GAMBAR ............................................................................................... xiii DAFTAR SINGKATAN ......................................................................................... xiv DAFTAR LAMPIRAN ........................................................................................... xv BAB I PENDAHULUAN A. Pernyataan Masalah ................................................................. 1 B. Pertanyaan Penelitian ............................................................... 6 C. Tujuan dan Manfaat Penelitian ................................................ 6 D. Tinjauan Pustaka ...................................................................... 7 E. Kerangka Pemikiran ................................................................. 11 F. Metode Penelitian ..................................................................... 16 G. Sistematika Penulisan .............................................................. 18 BAB II GAMBARAN UMUM TIONGKOK (SEMI PERIPHERY) DAN GHANA (PERIPHERY) ix A. Gambaran Umum Tiongkok ................................................. 20 A.1. Kondisi Politik dan Ekonomi Tiongkok ....................... 21 A.2. The Rise Of China ......................................................... 24 B. Gambaran Umum Ghana ...................................................... 27 B.1. Kondisi Politik Dan Ekonomi Ghana ............................ 29 B.2. Potensi Ekonomi Ghana ................................................ 30 BAB III HUBUNGAN BILATERAL TIONGKOK-GHANA A. Sekilas Hubungan Tiongkok Dan Ghana .............................. 33 B. Sejarah Pinjaman Pembangunan Tiongkok Dan Ghana ....... 34 C. Proyek Pembangunan Shino-Ghana ...................................... 39 BAB IV ANALISA KEPENTINGAN TIONGKOK DALAM PEMBERIAN PINJAMAN PEMBANGUNAN KE GHANA 2007-2010 DAN KETERGANTUNGAN GHANA TERHADAP TIONGKOK A. Kepentingan Tiongkok Terhadap Ghana 2007-2010 ............ 43 A.1. Penyedia Bahan Baku dan Pangsa Pasar bagi Perusahaan Tiongkok ............................................................ 44 A.2. Menciptakan Ketergantungan Terhadap Sektor Swasta dan Perusahaan Multinasional Tiongkok .................. 46 A.3. Menguatkan Posisi Politik Tiongkok di Afrika ............. 49 B. Dampak Pinjaman Pembangunan Tiongkok Terhadap Ghana ..................................................................................... 51 B.1. Dependensi (Ketergantungan) Ghana Terhadap x Tiongkok ............................................................................... 52 BAB V KESIMPULAN Kesimpulan .......................................................................................... 58 DAFTAR PUSTAKA ........................................................................................... xvi xi DAFTAR TABEL Tabel 1 Penghasil Emas
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