Congressional Record—Senate S7737
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September 29, 2010 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE S7737 China has had a mixed record of using ar- sions and eight brigades are in the Nanjing 50-meter (164-ft.) circular error probable. The tillery for military and political-military Guangzhou and Jinan military regions, for WS family complements the 150-km.-range goals. Its successes as when it routed Indian Taiwan contingencies. P-12 and 250-km. B-611M maneuverable forces in 1962 with the high-altitude use of Among artillery systems, mortars include navsat-guided short-range ballistic missiles artillery and mortars, have been offset by in- a 60-mm. hand-held system used by infantry (SRBMs), which could supplement or replace cidents provoking third-party responses or and special forces. The new Type 93 60-mm. the PLA’s two brigades of 300–600-km. DF- leading to regional standoffs. Examples in- fixed mortar weighs 22.4 kg. (49.2 lb.) and 11A SRBMs. clude the shelling of islands controlled by fires 20 rounds/min. to 5.5 km. There are also New artillery systems are entering am- Taiwan in 1955–58, resulting in U.S. interven- fixed W91 and W87 81–mm. mortars that fire phibious and airborne units for possible mis- tion and a stalemate over the Taiwan Strait. to 8 km. and 5.6 km., respectively. The PLA sions abroad. PLA marine and army amphib- In July, a unit based in the Nanjing military has largely copied Russia’s Vasilyek 81–mm. ious units are receiving the Type-07B region fired missiles from 300–mm. PHL–03 automatic mortar, called the W99 or SM–4, tracked 122-mm. amphibious artillery sys- multiple rocket launchers (MRLs) into the which comes in a towed version or mounted tem, which places the gun from the Type-07 Yellow Sea to show China’s anger at U.S. in a Hummer-like vehicle. It fires four on a larger hull. Airborne units are equipped naval exercises with South Korea. The exer- rounds in 2 sec. out to 6.2 km. The W86 120– with a version of the Type-96 122-mm. gun, cises, a result of China-backed North Korea’s mm. towed mortar weighs 206 kg. and fires 20 but a new tracked airmobile APC may fea- sinking of the South Korean frigate Cheonon rounds/min. to 4.7 km. ture a mortar or gun system. The ZBD-09 122- in March, went ahead anyway. In 2001, the PLA revealed the PLL-05 mo- mm. gun system could eventually feature in China evolution as an artillery power bile mortar based on the Russian 120-mm. airmobile army units. Future artillery sys- stems from Soviet and Russian influences 2S23 NONA-SVK that it purchased in the tems may feature electromagnetic launch, dating to the Korean War Soviet artillery 1990s, but mounted on a WZ-551 6 X 6 armored an area of extensive research. The PLA is and training improved PLA artillery oper- personnel carrier (APC). It fires a rocket-as- also interested in ramjet-powered and ations during the war and led to the forma- sisted round 13.5 km. In 2007, the PLA re- stealth-coated artillery shells. tion of the first formal artillery command. vealed a laser-guided 120-mm. mortar round, Soviet aid continued through the 1950s, and though it is not clear if it is in service. f by the time of the Sin-Soviet split of the Towed and self-propelled tubed systems SUDAN 1960s, China was producing copies or modi- dominate artillery units. The largest number fied versions of Soviet pieces. of towed guns are likely the 122-mm. Mr. KERRY. Mr. President, in just The PLA makes extensive use of Soviet-or- versions. These include the Type-96, based on over 100 days, Sudan will face a defin- igin 152-, 130- and 122-mm. calibers, though the Russian D-30, with a 360-deg. traversing ing moment. The choices its leaders Western calibers such as the 155- and 105- base, and the simpler Type-83. Their rocket- make can lead to a peaceful two-state mm. are seeing greater use. China purchased assisted rounds have a 27-km. range. The solution. Or, as many fear, they could the Russian 9A52 Smerch 300-mm. MRL in Type-59 130-mm. towed gun fires a rocket-as- the 1990s, and the PLA produced a near fac- sisted round 44 km. Of heavy towed artillery, result in a return to chaos and war in simile in the A–100/PHL-03 MRL. The 155- the 152-mm. Type-66, a copy of the Russian a place too often synonymous with mm. PLZ-05 self-propelled artillery system D-20, is most numerous and fires rocket-as- both. that emerged in 2005 bears an uncanny re- sisted rounds 28 km. In 1999, the PLA re- Responding to this urgency, the semblance to the Russian 2519 MSTA. vealed the 155-mm. PLL01/WA 021 towed ar- Obama administration has recently In the 1990s, PLA artillery was affected by tillery system, based on the Austrian launched a heightened campaign of dip- reforms in strategy (its closest concept to Noricum GH N-45, which fires a rocket-as- doctrine) and organization. Toward the end lomatic engagement with both North sisted round 50 km. The PLL01 and the Type- and South Sudan to help the parties to of the decade, the PLA was immersed in 66 fire 155- and 152-mm. versions of the Rus- strategy goals of ‘‘informatization’’ and sian Krasnopol laser-guided shell. find their way through this process. I ‘‘mechanization.’’ The former included the Self-propelled tubed artillery includes the traveled to Sudan in April 2009 and I broad application of improving information PLL02, which places the Type-86 100-mm. gun have met with Sudanese from all parts technologies, which for artillery included on a WZ-551 APC. In 2009, the PLA revealed of the country since that time, includ- new computer-based fire controls and ever- the new Type-07 122-mm. tracked artillery ing Salva Kiir, the leader of Southern improving digital communication and com- system, which features hull and electronic Sudan, last week. Today, joined by mand linkages. PLA artillery units increas- improvements over the previous Type-89 Senators BROWNBACK, DURBIN, WICKER ingly include flrefinding counter-battery Tracked 122-mm. system. In 2009, photo- radar such as the 50-km.-range (31-mi.) SLC- graphs appeared on the Internet of the SH-3, and FEINGOLD, I am introducing legis- 2 and Type 704, and use sophisticated elec- a truck-mounted 122-mm. artillery system lation known as the Sudan Peace and tronic warfare systems such as the Russian with digital control systems in a hatch over Stability Act. Congress must not be si- SPR–2 radio fuse jammer, a possible Chinese the cab. lent at this critical time. facsimile and possibly a recently revealed ar- Heavy self-propelled systems include the On January 9, 2011, the people of tillery radar jammer. Artillery recon vehi- 155-mm. PLZ-05, which has a version of the Southern Sudan and the adjoining ter- cles and recon troops feature advanced PLL01 gun, and appeared in 2005. It is replac- ritory of Abyei are scheduled to hold optronic and digital communication capa- ing the 152-mm. Type-83, which entered serv- bilities. In addition, PLA artillery units ice in 1983. The PLZ-05 also fires the referenda on secession. Realistically, have sophisticated meteorological capabili- Krasnopol laser-guided projectile and a rock- Sudan’s choice is no longer between ties and use muzzle velocity radar to im- et-assisted round 50 km., and is capable of unity and separation—southerners prove accuracy. flat-trajectory antitank fire. Unconfirmed have apparently made that decision. Mechanization put renewed emphasis on reports state the PLZ-05 has an automatic Every reliable source indicates that developing tracked and wheeled self-pro- gun-loading system and weighs 35 tons. they will vote for separation, dividing pelled tubed artillery, with rocket artillery PLA investments in rocket artillery are Africa’s largest country and taking largely truck-mounted. This trend was em- impressive. A five-wheel all-terrain vehicle with them some eighty percent of phasized in late 2004 when Chinese Com- has been modified to carry a 107-mm. MRL munist Party and PLA leader Hu Jintao for experimental mechanized special forces known Sudanese oil reserves. The Sec- enunciated the PLAs new ‘‘historic mis- units. The tracked Type-89 and more recent retary of State has called a vote for sions,’’ a euphemism for invasions, which Type-90 truck-mounted 122-mm. MRL feature separation inevitable. No, the choice call on the PLA to defend state interests self-contained 40-round rocket reloaders. In before the peoples of Sudan is that be- abroad. It is likely that new medium-weight addition, the Smerch-derived 12-round PHL- tween a future of peaceful coexistence artillery systems based on airmobile ar- 03, which reportedly fires a 150-km.-range or a return to the country’s bloody mored personnel carriers will follow for missile, is entering increasing numbers of ar- past. these strategic missions. tillery units. The latest AR1A export variant The Sudanese, both North and South, Organic PLA artillery units have decreased features a modular U.S. MLR system-style 5- in size, following the pattern of general round rocket carrier, which speeds reloading. set out on this path when they signed large-scale troop reductions. When combined In 2009, Norinco revealed an as yet unidenti- the 2005 Comprehensive Peace Agree- with ‘‘informatization’’ advances, this will fied truck carrier for this 5-round rocket ment.