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ANSI/NISO Z39.50 2001 ISSN: xxxx-xxxx Information Retrieval (Z39.50): Application Service Definition and Protocol Specification Status: This is near-final text of a revision of Z39.50, being prepared for ballot. It incorporates ZIG-approved defect reports, amendments, clarifications, commentaries, implementor agreements editorial changes at the discretion of the editor, and other miscellaneous changes. This document is provided for those who would like to review it, particularly to identify errors so that they may be corrected before ballot. Please send comments to [email protected]. Abstract: This standard specifies a client/server based protocol for Information Retrieval. It specifies procedures and formats for a client to search a database provided by a server, retrieve database records, and perform related information retrieval functions. The protocol addresses communication between information retrieval applications at the the client and server; it does not address interaction between the client and the end-user. A Draft American National Standard Developed by the National Information Standards Organization Published by the National Information Standards Organization Bethesda, Maryland NISO Press, Bethesda, Maryland, U.S.A. DRAFT STANDARD SUBJECT TO CHANGE Published by NISO Press 4733 Bethesda Avenue, Suite 300 Bethesda, MD 20814 www.niso.org Copyright © XXXX by the National Information Standard Organization All rights reserved under International and Pan-American Copyright Conventions. Not part of this book may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopy, recording, or any information storage or retrieval system, without prior permission in writing from the publisher. All inquiries should be addressed to NISO Press, 4733 Bethesda Avenue, Suite 300, Bethesda, MD 20814. Printed in the United States of America ISSN: xxxx ISBN: xxxx This paper meets the requirements of ANSI/NISO Z39.48-1992 (Rainbow 3D 1997) Permanence of Paper. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data National Information Standard Organization (U.S.) xxxx DRAFT STANDARD SUBJECT TO CHANGE About NISO Standards NISO Standards are developed by the Standards Committees of the National Information Standards Organization. The development process is a strenuous one that includes a rigorous peer review of proposed standards open to each NISO Voting Member and any other interested party. Final approval of the standard involves verification by the American National Standards Institute that its requirements for due process, consensus, and other approval criteria have been met by NISO. Once verified and approved, NISO Standards also become American National Standards. The use of an ANSI/NISO Standard is voluntary. This is, the existence of this NISO Standard does not preclude anyone, whether or not that person has adopted the NISO Standard, from manufacturing, marketing, purchasing, or using products, processes, or procedures that so not conform to the NISO Standard. However, the use of the standards (those developed by NISO as well as other standards-developing organizations) has proven to be in the best interest of any industry wishing to increase its effectiveness and efficiency in the areas of product development, manufacturing, and marketing and, therefore, such use is encouraged by ANSI, NISO, and all other standards-developing organizations. ANSI/NISO Z39.50-2001 Table of Contents 1. INTRODUCTION........................................................................................................ 1 1.1 Scope and Field of Application............................................................................. 1 1.2 Version.................................................................................................................... 1 1.3 References.............................................................................................................. 1 2. DEFINITIONS ............................................................................................................ 3 3. INFORMATION RETRIEVAL SERVICE .................................................................... 9 3.1 Model and Characteristics of the Information Retrieval Service ........................ 9 3.1.1 Z39.50 Services................................................................................................. 9 3.1.2 Z39.50 Operations............................................................................................10 3.1.3 Model of a Database.........................................................................................10 3.1.4 Searching a Database ......................................................................................10 3.1.5 Retrieving Records from a Database................................................................11 3.1.6 Model of a Result Set .......................................................................................11 3.1.6.1 Concurrency and Update Considerations..............................................12 3.1.6.2 Order of Result Set Records ...................................................................12 3.1.6.2 Logical Structure of a Result Set Records.............................................12 3.1.7 Model of Extended Services .............................................................................13 3.1.8 Explain..............................................................................................................13 3.2 Facilities of the Information Retrieval Service....................................................14 3.2.1 Initialization Facility...........................................................................................15 3.2.1.1 Init Service................................................................................................15 3.2.1.1.1 Version ................................................................................................16 3.2.1.1.2 Id/Authentication ..................................................................................16 3.2.1.1.3 Options................................................................................................16 3.2.1.1.4 Preferred-message-size and Exceptional-record-size..........................19 Page i ANSI/NISO Z39.50-2001 3.2.1.1.5 Result ..................................................................................................20 3.2.1.1.6 Implementation-id, Implementation-name, and Implementation-version20 3.2.1.1.7 User-information-field ..........................................................................20 3.2.1.1.8 Other-information.................................................................................21 3.2.1.1.9 Reference-id........................................................................................21 3.2.2 Search Facility ..................................................................................................21 3.2.2.1 Search Service .........................................................................................21 3.2.2.1.1 Query-type and Query .........................................................................22 3.2.2.1.2 Database-names .................................................................................22 3.2.2.1.3 Result-set-name and Replace-indicator ...............................................23 3.2.2.1.4 Small-set-element-set-names and Medium-set-element-set-names ....25 3.2.2.1.5 Preferred-record-syntax.......................................................................25 3.2.2.1.6 Small-set-upper-bound, Large-set-lower-bound, and Medium-set- present-number ..................................................................................................25 3.2.2.1.7 Response-records ...............................................................................25 3.2.2.1.8 Result-count and Number-of-records-returned.....................................27 3.2.2.1.9 Next-result-set-position ........................................................................27 3.2.2.1.10 Search-status ....................................................................................27 3.2.2.1.11 Result-set-status and Present-status .................................................28 3.2.2.1.12 Additional-search-information ............................................................30 3.2.2.1.13 Other-information...............................................................................30 3.2.2.1.14 Reference-id......................................................................................30 3.2.3 Retrieval Facility ...............................................................................................30 3.2.3.1 Present Service ........................................................................................31 3.2.3.1.1 Number-of-records-requested and Result-set-start-position.................31 3.2.3.1.2 Additional-ranges.................................................................................32 3.2.3.1.3 Result-set-id ........................................................................................32 3.2.3.1.4 Element-set-names..............................................................................32 3.2.3.1.5 Preferred-record-syntax.......................................................................32 3.2.3.1.6 Comp-spec ..........................................................................................32 3.2.3.1.7 Max-segment-count, Max-segment-size, and Max-record-size............32