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Prison Conditions in Egypt PPPRISON CCCONDITIONS IIIN EEEGYPT A FILTHY SSSYSTEM February 1993 A Middle East Watch and Prison Project Report Human Rights Watch New York !!! Washington !!! Los Angeles !!! London Copyright 8 February 1993 by Human Rights Watch. All rights reserved. Printed in the United States of America. Library of Congress Card Catalog Number: 92-75167 ISBN: 1-56432-090-1 Middle East Watch Middle East Watch was founded in 1989 to establish and promote observance of internationally recognized human rights in the Middle East. The chair of Middle East Watch is Gary Sick and the vice chairs are Lisa Anderson and Bruce Rabb. Andrew Whitley is the executive director; Eric Goldstein is the research director; Virginia N. Sherry and Aziz Abu Hamad are associate directors; Suzanne Howard is the associate. Prison Project The Prison Project, established in 1988, cuts across the five regional divisions of Human Rights Watch to focus on a single issue: prison conditions worldwide. The Prison Project has investigated conditions for sentenced prisoners, pre-trial detainees and those held in police lockups. It examines prison conditions for all prisoners, not just political prisoners. The work of the Prison Project is guided by the Prison Advisory Committee, whose chairman is Herman Schwartz. Other members are: Nan Aron, Vivian Berger, Haywood Burns, Alejandro Garro, William Hellerstein, Edward Koren, Sheldon Krantz, Benjamin Malcolm, Diane Orentlicher, Norman Rosenberg, David Rothman and Clarence Sundram. The director of the Project is Joanna Weschler. Human Rights Watch Human Rights Watch is composed of Africa Watch, Americas Watch, Asia Watch, Helsinki Watch, Middle East Watch and the Fund for Free Expression. The executive committee comprises Robert L. Bernstein, chair; Adrian DeWind, vice chair; Roland Algrant, Lisa Anderson, Peter Bell, Alice Brown, William Carmichael, Dorothy Cullman, Irene Diamond, Jonathan Fanton, Jack Greenberg, Alice H. Henkin, Stephen Kass, Marina Kaufman, Jeri Laber, Aryeh Neier, Bruce Rabb, Harriet Rabb, Kenneth Roth, Orville Schell, Gary Sick, and Robert Wedgeworth. The staff includes Aryeh Neier, executive director; Kenneth Roth, deputy director; Holly J. Burkhalter, Washington director; Ellen Lutz, California director; Susan Osnos, press director; Jemera Rone, counsel; Joanna Weschler, Prison Project director; Kenneth Anderson, Arms Project director; and Dorothy Q. Thomas, Women's Rights Project director. Executive Directors Africa Watch Americas WatchAsia Watch Juan E. MéndezSidney Jones Helsinki Watch Middle East WatchFund for Free Expression Jeri Laber Andrew WhitleyGara LaMarche Adresses for Human Rights Watch and its Divisions 485 Fifth Avenue 1522 K Street, NW, #910 New York, NY 10017 Washington, DC 20005 Tel: (212) 972-8400 Tel: (202) 371-6592 Fax: (212) 972-0905 Fax: (202) 371-0124 10951 West Pico Blvd., #203 90 Borough High Street Los Angeles, CA 90064 London, UK SE1 1LL Tel: (213) 475-3070 Tel: (071) 378-8008 Fax: (213) 475-5613 Fax: (071) 378-8029 TTTABLE OF CCCONTENTS Acknowledgments.......................................................................................................................vii Acronyms and Arabic Terms....................................................................................................ix Preface..................................................................................................................................................xi Introduction.........................................................................................................................................1 Conclusions .......................................................................................................................................5 Recommendations ...................................................................................................................... 17 Chapter 1: Egypt's Prison System: An Overview ........................................................23 Categories of Prisoners............................................................................................................24 Types of Prisons.............................................................................................................................25 Demolition and Construction................................................................................................28 Prisoners' Rights...........................................................................................................................29 Oversight Mechanisms .............................................................................................................30 Unrecorded Removal of Security Detainees from Prisons: An Invitation to Torture..............................................................................35 Chapter 2: Living ConditionsConditions................................................................................................39 Overcrowding..................................................................................................................................42 Deliberate Overcrowding.........................................................................................................45 Light and Ventilation...................................................................................................................46 Sanitary Facilities.........................................................................................................................49 Water Supply ....................................................................................................................................51 Sleeping Accommodations....................................................................................................54 Food.......................................................................................................................................................55 Punishing Living Conditions for Incoming Security Prisoners..........................................................................................................................................60 Chapter 3: Daily LockLock----DownDownDown..................................................................................................65 Disparity in Treatment of Long-Term Security Detainees....................................66 Lengthy Lock-Down of Other Prisoners............................................................................69 Time Outside Cells for Non-Security Prisoners........................................................... 71 Chapter 4: Authorized Disciplinary Measures and Unauthorized PunishmentPunishment.............................................................................................73 Informing Prisoners of Disciplinary Rules.....................................................................75 Authorized Punishment: Confinement in Punishment Cells................................76 Arbitrary Use of Punishment Measures Against Security Detainees and Sentenced Prisoners ..............................................................................84 Beatings and Whippings: Authorized Corporal Punishment..............................88 Unauthorized Physical Abuse................................................................................................89 Chapter 5: Medical Services and FacilitiesFacilities..............................................................101 Prisoners' Complaints about Medical Services.......................................................103 Physical Conditions in Hospitals........................................................................................114 Chapter 6: Work and Other ActivitiesActivities............................................................................121 Work and Employment.............................................................................................................122 Recreation.......................................................................................................................................125 Education.........................................................................................................................................129 Religious Practice......................................................................................................................130 Chapter 7: Contact with Outsiders .................................................................................133 Chapter 8: Women PrisonersPrisoners............................................................................................ 137 Chapter 9: Death Row ConditionsConditions....................................................................................151 Appendix: Petitions from Security Detainees on Hunger Strike at Tora Istikbal PrisonPrison...................................................................155 AAACKNOWLEDGMENTS This report is based primarily on information gathered during the inspection of six Egyptian prisons in February 1992 by Virginia N. Sherry, associate director of Middle East Watch, and John Valery White, an attorney and Orville Schell Fellow with Human Rights Watch. The report was written by Ms. Sherry, with parts contributed by Mr. White. Joanna Weschler, the director of the Prison Project of Human Rights Watch, and Aryeh Neier, the executive director of Human Rights Watch, edited the report. Suzanne Howard skillfully prepared this manuscript for publication. * * * We extend our appreciation to the
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