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Wwi 1914 - 1918
ABSTRACT This booklet will introduce you to the key events before and during the First World War. Taking place from 1914 – 1918, millions of people across the world lost their lives in what was supposed to be ‘the war to end all wars’. Fighting on this scale had never been seen before. The work in this booklet will help you understand why such a horrific conflict begun. Ms Marsh WWI 1914 - 1918 Year 8 History Why did the First World War begin? L.O: I can explain the causes of the First World War. 1. In what year did the war begin? 2. In what year did the war end? 3. How many years did it last? (Do now answers at end of booklet) The First World War begun in August 1914. It took the world by surprise, and seemed to happen overnight. In reality, tension between countries in Europe had been increasing for some years before. The final event that triggered war, the assassination of a young heir to the Austria – Hungary throne, demonstrates how this tension had been building. Europe in the early 20th century was a place where newly formed countries such as Italy started to challenge the dominance of countries with empires. An empire is when one country rules over others around the world. Some countries began to demand their independence and did not want to be ruled by an empire. The map opposite shows just how vast the empires of Europe were; Britain had control of Australia, New Zealand, Canada, East and South Africa and India. -
Timeline of Start Of
ASSASSINATION LEADS TO EUROPEAN ALLIED POWERS WORLD WAR CENTRAL POWERS Statement of Inquiry Alliances between nations with common interests lead to conflicts with long-term consequences. RUSSIA GERMANY GERMANY The assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand FRANCE AUSTRIA- in June 1914 was the “spark” of the worst war the HUNGARY world had ever seen. In just over a month, the Bosnia assassination had led to war between the major OTTOMAN EMPIRE powers of Europe (including their colonies)… June 28, 1914 July 28, 1914 August 1-3, 1914 August 3, 1914 August 4, 1914 Assassination of Austria-Hungary Germany declares Germany invades Britain declares war Archduke Ferdinand declares war on war on Russia and Belgium on its way on Germany Serbia believes the Slavic Serbia; Russia France to attack France Britain has a long- people of Europe should mobilizes against Germany, to support their Germany’s border with standing treaty with Belgium in which Britain not be ruled by Austria- Austria-Hungary ally Austria-Hungary, France is too heavily Hungary. Bosnia is part declares war on Russia. defended for Germany to agreed to defend Austria-Hungary blames of Austria-Hungary, but Because Russia is allied attack France directly. Belgium’s independence. Serbia for the Serbia thinks Bosnia with France, Germany Germany asks Belgium Germany’s invasion of assassination of their should belong to them. also declares war on for permission to attack Belgium leaves Britain archduke. Austria-Hungary When Archduke (future France two days later. France through Belgium. with no choice but to declares war on Serbia. emperor) Franz-Ferdinand Meanwhile, Germany Belgium says no, but honor this treaty and join Russia, an ally of Serbia, of Austria-Hungary visits makes a secret alliance Germany invades the war against Germany. -
December 1914
News from the Front December 1914 been given a commission, worked to within 50 yards, and commences training at nearly up to our barbed wire High Wycombe shortly; entanglements. This is not a whilst their eldest daughter, critical position, as where the Kathleen, has been appointed rest of the line moves senior assistant at the forward we will be able to Military Hospital in do so, but no advantage will Felixstowe.” be gained by moving 19th December 1914 independently. North-Eastern Daily Gazette The Germans say in the papers that Ypres is untouched, but this is not CHRISTMAS POST true. A large number of the “The Post Office notifies that houses are blown to pieces, Christmas parcels for the and it is still being shelled. Expeditionary Force must not The Cathedral has had exceed seven pounds in several shells through the weight, and must not be roof. There is little change posted later than the 12th here, and this battle looks December. Letters should not like lasting longer.” th be later than the 14 5th December 1914 December.” Stockton & Thornaby Herald th greatest wars in history. 5 December 1914 A STOCKTON APPEAL “Mr R. Tyson Hodgson, The coming Christmas to Stockton & Thornaby Herald CHRISTMAS PLUM honourable secretary of the the wives, families, and PUDDING RECIPE Stockton branch of the Soldiers’ widowed mothers will lack QUIETNESS AT THE “Take three-quarters of a and Sailors’ Families’ much of its cheerfulness on FRONT pound of flour, two heaped- Association makes the following account of the absence of many “A Billingham Trooper in the up teaspoonfuls of appeal on behalf of the wives, that are dear to them, and the Northumberland Hussars, Borwick’s Baking Powder, families and widows of soldiers anxious circumstances in which writing from the front, refers two ounces of breadcrumbs, and sailors in Stockton and they are placed. -
Special Libraries, December 1914 Special Libraries Association
San Jose State University SJSU ScholarWorks Special Libraries, 1914 Special Libraries, 1910s 12-1-1914 Special Libraries, December 1914 Special Libraries Association Follow this and additional works at: http://scholarworks.sjsu.edu/sla_sl_1914 Part of the Cataloging and Metadata Commons, Collection Development and Management Commons, Information Literacy Commons, and the Scholarly Communication Commons Recommended Citation Special Libraries Association, "Special Libraries, December 1914" (1914). Special Libraries, 1914. Book 10. http://scholarworks.sjsu.edu/sla_sl_1914/10 This Book is brought to you for free and open access by the Special Libraries, 1910s at SJSU ScholarWorks. It has been accepted for inclusion in Special Libraries, 1914 by an authorized administrator of SJSU ScholarWorks. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Special Libraries a - Vol. 5 DEORMBER, 1014 No. 1 0 - -- ---- PUBLISHED BY THE EXECUTIVX BOARD SPECIAL LIBRARIES ASSOCIATION Prcs~dent, V~ce-Preslclent, Secrclary-Tret~surer, Monthly except July and August Edltorlai and Publ~calionOfice Indiana BilTenu Clnr~nceR. Leslcr, \VisconsIn Lcfilslatlve Ref- oC Leg-lnlatlve Informat~on,~n~lanapolls, Ind. erence L~brary; Marian R. Glenn, Amerlckm Subscrlgt~ons, 93 BronA street, Boston, Mass. Uanlrers' Ashoc~aLlon, New Yorlc Clly. Zntered at the Postomce at Ind~nnapohs,Ind., Manng~ngEditor of Spec~alLil.warles .-.fohn A. as second-clash matter. Lapp, Bureau of Lcglslatlve InCormn'tlon, In- Subscription. .....$2.00 a year (10 numbers) dianapolis, Ind. Single copies .....................25 cents Assishnt Editor, Ethel Clelnntl, Burcil~~of Lop- Presl(1enL . .............li 13. Johnston lslatlvc Inlor1iiallon, lndlnnapolls, Ind. Bur_eau of" i7:aliway ~conornlcs,WashinpLon, -U. C Vice-Prcsideut ...........ElIrabetti V. DobMns American Telephone and Tclegrngll Co., NOW I?. -
French Press, Public Opinion and the Murder of Franz Ferdinand In
French press, public opinion and the assassination of Franz Ferdinand (28 June-3 August 1914) How French society entered the Great war? Unlocking sources • The aim of this communication is quite simple: how new ways of getting access to digital contents (through technical process such as OCR and NER) give us the opportunity to understand how French society entered the First World War in August 1914? • Regarding this topic, I have studied both private archives and French press issues made available through the project Europeana 14-18 (chronologically from the 29 of June, the day after the assassination of Franz-Ferdinand , heir of the austro-hungarian monarchy in Sarajevo to the 3rd of August, the day of the declaration of war of Germany on France) • I have used two different technologies I will come back later on: the optical recognition of characters and the named entities recognition, a process we have developped thanks to another European project, Europeana Newspapers Unlocking sources • One of the main concern for me was also to assess the impact of the use of these automated processes applied to historical sources • This question is quite important as I strongly believe that the use of such technical process modify deeply our access and our understanding of historical sources (in other words how automated process lead to a new way of writing history) Starting point Emile Spring 1914 Starting point Letter sent to his family in law 31st of July 1914 French historiography • J-J Becker, How French entered the war, 1977) • If we consider the succession of events from the assassination of the archduke Franz-Ferdinand the 28th of June in Sarajevo to the declaration of war on France the 3rd of August, the point of view promoted by J.J. -
Leigh Chronicle," for This Week Only Four Pages, Fri 21 August 1914 Owing to Threatened Paper Famine
Diary of Local Events 1914 Date Event England declared war on Germany at 11 p.m. Railways taken over by the Government; Territorials Tue 04 August 1914 mobilised. Jubilee of the Rev. Father Unsworth, of Leigh: Presentation of illuminated address, canteen of Tue 04 August 1914 cutlery, purse containing £160, clock and vases. Leigh and Atherton Territorials mobilised at their respective drill halls: Leigh streets crowded with Wed 05 August 1914 people discussing the war. Accidental death of Mr. James Morris, formerly of Lowton, and formerly chief pay clerk at Plank-lane Wed 05 August 1914 Collieries. Leigh and Atherton Territorials leave for Wigan: Mayor of Leigh addressed the 124 Leigh Territorials Fri 07 August 1914 in front of the Town Hall. Sudden death of Mr. Hugh Jones (50), furniture Fri 07 August 1914 dealer, of Leigh. Mrs. J. Hartley invited Leigh Women's Unionist Association to a garden party at Brook House, Sat 08 August 1914 Glazebury. Sat 08 August 1914 Wingate's Band gave recital at Atherton. Special honour conferred by Leigh Buffaloes upon Sun 09 August 1914 Bro. R. Frost prior to his going to the war. Several Leigh mills stopped for all week owing to Mon 10 August 1914 the war; others on short time. Mon 10 August 1914 Nearly 300 attended ambulance class at Leigh. Leigh Town Council form Committee to deal with Tue 11 August 1914 distress. Death of Mr. T. Smith (77), of Schofield-street, Wed 12 August 1914 Leigh, the oldest member of Christ Church. Meeting of Leigh War Distress Committee at the Thu 13 August 1914 Town Hall. -
Records of the Immigration and Naturalization Service, 1891-1957, Record Group 85 New Orleans, Louisiana Crew Lists of Vessels Arriving at New Orleans, LA, 1910-1945
Records of the Immigration and Naturalization Service, 1891-1957, Record Group 85 New Orleans, Louisiana Crew Lists of Vessels Arriving at New Orleans, LA, 1910-1945. T939. 311 rolls. (~A complete list of rolls has been added.) Roll Volumes Dates 1 1-3 January-June, 1910 2 4-5 July-October, 1910 3 6-7 November, 1910-February, 1911 4 8-9 March-June, 1911 5 10-11 July-October, 1911 6 12-13 November, 1911-February, 1912 7 14-15 March-June, 1912 8 16-17 July-October, 1912 9 18-19 November, 1912-February, 1913 10 20-21 March-June, 1913 11 22-23 July-October, 1913 12 24-25 November, 1913-February, 1914 13 26 March-April, 1914 14 27 May-June, 1914 15 28-29 July-October, 1914 16 30-31 November, 1914-February, 1915 17 32 March-April, 1915 18 33 May-June, 1915 19 34-35 July-October, 1915 20 36-37 November, 1915-February, 1916 21 38-39 March-June, 1916 22 40-41 July-October, 1916 23 42-43 November, 1916-February, 1917 24 44 March-April, 1917 25 45 May-June, 1917 26 46 July-August, 1917 27 47 September-October, 1917 28 48 November-December, 1917 29 49-50 Jan. 1-Mar. 15, 1918 30 51-53 Mar. 16-Apr. 30, 1918 31 56-59 June 1-Aug. 15, 1918 32 60-64 Aug. 16-0ct. 31, 1918 33 65-69 Nov. 1', 1918-Jan. 15, 1919 34 70-73 Jan. 16-Mar. 31, 1919 35 74-77 April-May, 1919 36 78-79 June-July, 1919 37 80-81 August-September, 1919 38 82-83 October-November, 1919 39 84-85 December, 1919-January, 1920 40 86-87 February-March, 1920 41 88-89 April-May, 1920 42 90 June, 1920 43 91 July, 1920 44 92 August, 1920 45 93 September, 1920 46 94 October, 1920 47 95-96 November, 1920 48 97-98 December, 1920 49 99-100 Jan. -
When Diplomats Fail: Aostrian and Rossian Reporting from Belgrade, 1914
WHEN DIPLOMATS FAIL: AOSTRIAN AND ROSSIAN REPORTING FROM BELGRADE, 1914 Barbara Jelavich The mountain of books written on the origins of the First World War have produced no agreement on the basic causes of this European tragedy. Their division of opinion reflects the situation that existed in June and July 1914, when the principal statesmen involved judged the assassination of Franz Ferdinand, heir to the Habsburg throne, and its consequences from radically different perspectives. Their basic misunderstanding of the interests and viewpoints 'of the opposing sides contributed strongly to the initiation of hostilities. The purpose of this paper is to emphasize the importance of diplomatic reporting, particularly in the century before 1914 when ambassadors were men of influence and when their dispatches were read by those who made the final decisions in foreign policy. European diplomats often held strong opinions and were sometimes influenced by passions and. prejudices, but nevertheless throughout the century their activities contributed to assuring that this period would, with obvious exceptions, be an era of peace in continental affairs. In major crises the crucial decisions are always made by a very limited number of people no matter what the political system. Usually a head of state -- whether king, emperor, dictator, or president, together with those whom he chooses to consult, or a strong political leader with his advisers- -decides on the course of action. Obviously, in times of international tension these men need accurate information not only from their military staffs on the state of their and their opponent's armed forces and the strategic position of the country, but also expert reporting from their representatives abroad on the exact issues at stake and the attitudes of the other governments, including their immediate concerns and their historical background. -
World War I Timeline C
6.2.1 World War I Timeline c June 28, 1914 Austrian Archduke Franz Ferdinand and his wife Sophia are killed by Serbian nationalists. July 26, 1914 Austria declares war on Serbia. Russia, an ally of Serbia, prepares to enter the war. July 29, 1914 Austria invades Serbia. August 1, 1914 Germany declares war on Russia. August 3, 1914 Germany declares war on France. August 4, 1914 German army invades neutral Belgium on its way to attack France. Great Britain declares war on Germany. As a colony of Britain, Canada is now at war. Prime Minister Robert Borden calls for a supreme national effort to support Britain, and offers assistance. Canadians rush to enlist in the military. August 6, 1914 Austria declares war on Russia. August 12, 1914 France and Britain declare war on Austria. October 1, 1914 The first Canadian troops leave to be trained in Britain. October – November 1914 First Battle of Ypres, France. Germany fails to reach the English Channel. 1914 – 1917 The two huge armies are deadlocked along a 600-mile front of Deadlock and growing trenches in Belgium and France. For four years, there is little change. death tolls Attack after attack fails to cross enemy lines, and the toll in human lives grows rapidly. Both sides seek help from other allies. By 1917, every continent and all the oceans of the world are involved in this war. February 1915 The first Canadian soldiers land in France to fight alongside British troops. April - May 1915 The Second Battle of Ypres. Germans use poison gas and break a hole through the long line of Allied trenches. -
1914 , April 24, Reno Earthquake
The November 21, 1910 Tonopah Junction Earthquake, and the February 18, 1914 and April 24, 1914 Reno Earthquakes in Nevada Craig M. dePolo and Terri M. Garside Nevada Bureau of Mines and Geology University of Nevada, Reno Reno, Nevada 89557 [email protected] March 2006 U.S.G.S. NEHRP Award No. 04HQGR0114 Research supported by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), Department of the Interior, under USGS award number 04HQGR0114. The views and conclusions contained in this document are those of the authors and should not be interpreted as necessarily representing the official policies, either expressed or implied, of the U.S. Government “It began with a mumble and a rumble and a grumble, then a vibration, followed by an oscillation, a tango, a turkey trot, Castle glide, Century Club wiggle, Belle Isle joggle and a Verdi rag.” Reno Evening Gazette April 24, 1914 “We like these earthquakes in Nevada. They are indicative that the earth is settling and settlement is what Nevada wants.” Reno Evening Gazette April 24, 1914 Table of Contents ABSTRACT 1 1910, November 21, Tonopah Junction Earthquake EARTHQUAKE SUMMARY 4 EARTHQUAKE SEQUENCE 4 EARTHQUAKE CATALOG ACCOUNTS 5 NEWSPAPER ACCOUNTS 6 1914, February 18, Reno Earthquake EARTHQUAKE SUMMARY 8 EARTHQUAKE SEQUENCE 10 EARTHQUAKE CATALOG ACCOUNTS 10 NEWSPAPER ACCOUNTS 12 Nevada Newspapers 12 California Newspapers 38 OTHER ACCOUNTS 41 MODIFIED MERCALLI INTENSITY ASSIGNMENTS 43 Isoseismal Map 43 1914 , April 24, Reno Earthquake EARTHQUAKE SUMMARY 46 EARTHQUAKE SEQUENCE 48 EARTHQUAKE CATALOG ACCOUNTS 48 NEWSPAPER -
Process Paper and Bibliography
ANNOTATED BIBLIOGRAPHY Primary Sources Books Kenney, Annie. Memories of a Militant. London: Edward Arnold & Co, 1924. Autobiography of Annie Kenney. Lytton, Constance, and Jane Warton. Prisons & Prisoners. London: William Heinemann, 1914. Personal experiences of Lady Constance Lytton. Pankhurst, Christabel. Unshackled. London: Hutchinson and Co (Publishers) Ltd, 1959. Autobiography of Christabel Pankhurst. Pankhurst, Emmeline. My Own Story. London: Hearst’s International Library Co, 1914. Autobiography of Emmeline Pankhurst. Newspaper Articles "Amazing Scenes in London." Western Daily Mercury (Plymouth), March 5, 1912. Window breaking in March 1912, leading to trials of Mrs. Pankhurst and Mr. & Mrs. Pethick- Lawrence. "The Argument of the Broken Pane." Votes for Women (London), February 23, 1912. The argument of the stone: speech delivered by Mrs Pankhurst on Feb 16, 1912 honoring released prisoners who had served two or three months for window-breaking demonstration in November 1911. "Attempt to Burn Theatre Royal." The Scotsman (Edinburgh), July 19, 1912. PM Asquith's visit hailed by Irish Nationalists, protested by Suffragettes; hatchet thrown into Mr. Asquith's carriage, attempt to burn Theatre Royal. "By the Vanload." Lancashire Daily Post (Preston), February 15, 1907. "Twenty shillings or fourteen days." The women's raid on Parliament on Feb 13, 1907: Christabel Pankhurst gets fourteen days and Sylvia Pankhurst gets 3 weeks in prison. "Coal That Cooks." The Suffragette (London), July 18, 1913. Thirst strikes. Attempts to escape from "Cat and Mouse" encounters. "Churchill Gives Explanation." Dundee Courier (Dundee), July 15, 1910. Winston Churchill's position on the Conciliation Bill. "The Ejection." Morning Post (London), October 24, 1906. 1 The day after the October 23rd Parliament session during which Premier Henry Campbell- Bannerman cold-shouldered WSPU, leading to protest led by Mrs Pankhurst that led to eleven arrests, including that of Mrs Pethick-Lawrence and gave impetus to the movement. -
Chapter 23: War and Revolution, 1914-1919
The Twentieth- Century Crisis 1914–1945 The eriod in Perspective The period between 1914 and 1945 was one of the most destructive in the history of humankind. As many as 60 million people died as a result of World Wars I and II, the global conflicts that began and ended this era. As World War I was followed by revolutions, the Great Depression, totalitarian regimes, and the horrors of World War II, it appeared to many that European civilization had become a nightmare. By 1945, the era of European domination over world affairs had been severely shaken. With the decline of Western power, a new era of world history was about to begin. Primary Sources Library See pages 998–999 for primary source readings to accompany Unit 5. ᮡ Gate, Dachau Memorial Use The World History Primary Source Document Library CD-ROM to find additional primary sources about The Twentieth-Century Crisis. ᮣ Former Russian pris- oners of war honor the American troops who freed them. 710 “Never in the field of human conflict was so much owed by so many to so few.” —Winston Churchill International ➊ ➋ Peacekeeping Until the 1900s, with the exception of the Seven Years’ War, never ➌ in history had there been a conflict that literally spanned the globe. The twentieth century witnessed two world wars and numerous regional conflicts. As the scope of war grew, so did international commitment to collective security, where a group of nations join together to promote peace and protect human life. 1914–1918 1919 1939–1945 World War I League of Nations World War II is fought created to prevent wars is fought ➊ Europe The League of Nations At the end of World War I, the victorious nations set up a “general associa- tion of nations” called the League of Nations, which would settle interna- tional disputes and avoid war.