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WINTERBOTHAM' S "THE ULTRA SECRET": // / i A PERSONAL COMMENT. •••.••.•.•••....• Brigadier John H. TiltrnaJ"l •• 1 WEAPON THAT HELPED DEFEAT NAZIS •.•.• P. W. Filby •.••• ~ ••.••• • t... 3 MUM'S STILL THE WORD! ...... ·1 . I...... 5 LINEAR RECURSIVE SEQUENCES...... f••••••••••••••• 6 CUMULATIVE INDEX, 1974-1975 ...... 9 GREAT S~IET SHIPBUILDING MYSTERY ..... lnavid H Williams ; •. 21 WHAT ARE WE ABOUT?...... I· .. 23 LINGUISTS FROM THE MELTING roT...... 25 CLA ESSAY CONTEST; CAA NEWS .....••....•••••••.•.••...... •.••.• 27
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Published Monthly by Pl, Techniques and Standards, for the Personnel of Operations
VOL. II, NO. 12 DECEMBER 1975
PUBLISHER WILLIAM LUTWINIAK
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Editor in Chief ...... Arthur J. Salemme (5642s) Cryptanalysis ...... _I _____..... ltsozs:sr ------"P . L . 86-36 Language ...... •.... Emery W. Tetrault (5236s) Machine Support ...... 1 kii~ls) Special Research ...... Vera R. Filby (7119s) Traffic Analysis ...... Frederic O. Mason, Jr. (4142s)
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The fo7,7,CMing three articles deal in various ways with the publicity given in the British and Ameriaan press and on television to F. W. Wi nterbothcun's book "The Ultra Searet." The first artiale, by Brigadier John H. TiZtman, deals with the aacu:t'aay of the statements in the book and the degree of ha:f'7TI done by them. The aeaond article, by P. W. Filby, is a review of the book as asse.ssed by a member o~ the t~am of syeaialists who worked the Ger;nan ~~~lo.. ~ ...... mti.a problem. The thi.rd arti.ale, by lM542:; gi.
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statement that the revelation of technical de cial liaison units) for the dissemination of tails of the methods of solution would be resisted ULTRA to commanders in the field. I have no indefinitely. I realise however that there reason to doubt that he records this faithfully. must be other valid arguments which persuaded He gives rise to feelings of iiscomfort, however, the responsible authorities not to take such when he describes his relations with the more action. high-ranking recipients of his wares. It ap I myself took no part in the solution of pears that Montgomery must have treated him with Enigma keys in Huts 6 and 8, nor in its exploi less courtesy than others and consequently he tation in Hut 3, but I am, I believe, the only feels sure he himself could have fought Mont person around who was on the directorate level gomery's battles far more efficiently! at Bletchley Park during the war and had a hand In view of its general inaccuracy, especially in many of the policy decisions made regarding when touching on technical matters, I believe the production and use of the intelligence the book, taken by itself, does no harm. This derived. cannot be said for the side effects it touched The book is poorly written and very inaccu off. The first review I read was in the rate in some areas where I know the facts. The Washington Post by Al Friendly, who himself references to the early history of Enigma solu served in Hut 3. He headlines his review "Con tion and to the activities of the staff of Hut 6 fessions of a Codebreaker." He gives the im (who performed the cryptanalytic part of the pression that for a great part of the war every enterprise) are hopelessly wrong. It is diffi telegraphic order issued by Hitler was currently cult to understand how the author who had con on the desk of the Prime Minister and concerned siderable responsibilities for the organisation Allied commanders. This is simply not true. and distribution of Enigma intelligence could Such a picture takes no account of the many dif have been so completely ignorant of the techni ficulties of the operation, the decisions to be cal side of the operation. He doesn't know the taken on insufficient evidence as to priorities difference between the Enigma (a rotor machine), of attack on some keys to the exclusion of other German ciphers, the Japanese high-grade others, the many failures and delays, the early diplomatic machine (the "Purple," a totally misunderstanding as to the real meaning of mes different kind of machine). and the Japanese sages, etc. The general success of the project Fleet general cipher (a codebook and additive was as much a triumph of organisation of the hand system). His remarks about the "Rronze large-scale attack as of the ingenuity and Goddess" appear to be a complete invention. persistence of the cryptanalysts, especially the mathematicians. Some people gather the impression when they read the book that the author greatly magnifies Perhaps the most objectionable of the reviews his own part in the winning of the war. I give was a long article in one of the London Sunday an example from my own experience. To quote newspapers by Peter Calvocoressi. He was an some passages, "It was at this point that Men important figure in Hut 3, presumably recruit zies told me he had decided to hand over my ed by Winterbotham. He is now, I believe, shadow OKW in Hut 3 to the General Administra managing director of Penguin Books and was the tion at Bletchley. One never knew where one joint author of a distinguished history of stood with Menzies. He softened the pill by World War II. His article is an extremely confirming me as his deputy, ••. " (p. 87). well-written description of life in Hut 3, but "Despite the loss of my personal control of Hut he has gone further than anyone else in includ 3 and the shadow OKW, I still had direct access ing a photograph of the German Service Enigma to it when required. I was never told by Men and in mentioning the Bombe. I believe this zies the real reasons for the takeover, • • . " was the first time a picture of the service (p. 92). The facts are that I reported to Enigma appeared in public print. Not even Bert the Director of Military Intelligence at the rand in his book Enigma gives a photograph of War Office, that Curtis, the War Office repre the machine. I am quite unable to understand sentative in Hut 3, in conjunction with Humphries, Calvocoressi's arrogant assumption that he can the corresponding Air Force representative, had say what he likes in public now that Winter on two separate occasions gone behind my back botham' s book has appeared. I hold the view to recommend reorganisation of Hut 3 under their that everyone who worked in Bletchley Park is own more direct control. In consequence, a still under a moral obligation not to disclose SIGINT Board meeting was called with General secrets not previously published without offi Menzies in the chair and consisting of thethree cial permission and, I would have thought, is Service Directors of Intelligence and Director aware of this obligation. GCHQ. At this meeting it was decided to with- draw Humphries, Curtis, and the naval represen- Many of us were nervous of what David Kahn tative. would have to say when his turn came to review I knew Winterbotham slightly and flew with the book. When his review did appear in the him to Paris on the occasion of one of my offi- New YoPk Review of Books, it was surprisingly cial visits to France in 1940. His outstanding mild and harmless. He, of course, is in a dif achievement was the establishment of SLUs (spe- ferent category. Not ever having been a part of December 75 * CRYPTOLOG * Page 2
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( any Government agency, he cannot be regarded as bombes became available. In his casual remarks subject to the same restrictions. about me, Winterbotham is somewhere near the truth: he says I had been borrowed from the Other reviewers have been influential jour nalists who have taken the tone that the book Army. So I was -- 20 years earlier! Of Josh has revealed the operations of World War II in Cooper he says he was "another brilliant mathe \ a new light, that history will have to be re matician." Josh wasn't a mathematician at all written, that the British have told only part of -- he was a very fine linguist. For no kno~TI the story and that they will have to tell the reason, Winterbotham mentions Dick Pritchard. rest. I do not know whether we have heard the He was a regular Army officer who had been with last of this attitude. me for 8 or 9 years, before the war, but he had nothing whatever to do with the solution of the Something has to be said about the paragraphs Enigma. on page 14 of the book dealing with personali ties. Winterbotham mentions the mathematicians I think it quite likely that all this does no Alexander, Babbage, Welchman, and Milner Barry, harm at all, but we cannot by any means be cer but doesn't seem to have heard of Turing, who tain of this. Therefore, we have to continue to is generally regarded as the leading genius of try to withhold further disclosures, particular the methods of solution of the Enigma in its ly on technical methods of solution. various forms. He says that "it was generally e11VEE8) accepted that of our own backroom boys 'Dilly' Knox was the mastermind behind the Enigma af Brigadier TiZtman was Deputy Director fair." I do not agree with this at all, and Chief C1•yptographer, GCHQ, from though I am aware that he was in general charge 1941 to 1946. Since 1964 he has been of the analysis of the machine before the war working at NSA, Fort Meade. He is and long before the British had any success in a Commander, Order of St. Michael and solution. Incidentally, Winterbotham seems to St. George; Comrnander, Order of the confuse Knox with Foss, who fits much better British Empire; and Distinguished into the physical description in the book and Member, CMI. who had some influence on early solutions before ULTRA WAS SECRET WEAPON (UNCLASSIFIED) THAT HELPED DEFEAT NAZIS By P. W. Filby
Shortly after the outbreak of World War II, Group Captain Winterbotham has taken advan the British Government acquired a stately home tage of the "30-year rule" to describe the suc in a small to~TI called Bletchley, a town re cess of one group, "Hut 3." It is an absorbing nowned only for its railway junction and nearby story, and although the chief defect is that brickyards. l\'interbotham was not a codebreaker and therefore For the next few months civilians and service makes several wrong assertions, the book is one men and women arrived in ever increasing num of outstanding interest, and readers will mar bers, and hardly a house in Bletchley escaped vel at the war's greatest secret and how it was billeting. The citizens wondered at the motley kept until now. crowd, raffishly dressed for the most part, Just before the outbreak of World War II the often absent-minded and all having a studious British had obtained by various means a complex air about them. machine known as "Enigma" which was being used High iron fences were erected round the home for the encoding of the most secret and important known as Bletchley Park and armed Army guards German armed forces communications. After a were on duty at all times. The locals had to prodigious effort the British cryptographers of get used to comings and goings of their lodgers "Hut 3" managed to break this machine and later at all hours, and having taken in civilians built what might well have been the first com they would suddenly see them emerge in full re puter_, so that the communications could be read g~lia as officers of the three services, espe immediately upon receipt. cially when they made trips to London. To everyone's surprise, the Germans continued Many guesses were hazarded but the only thing to use this machine throughout the war and thus that could be said was that it was a secret de most plans made by Hitler and his High Command partment - - and the secret was well kept, so we 11 were known to the British (and later, the Amer that it is not until now, thirty years later, icans also) at the same time as the German re 6 ; that the Bletchley people and the world will know cipients. that the many thousands of people at the "Park" Radio operators in remote, lonely locations were working in enemy codes and ciphers. intercepted the messages, which were rushed to - December 75 * CRYPTOLOG * Page 3 SECRET lbtdlBhE YlA E811I!l'f Elb'tlllJEbS 9!\b'/ DOCID: 4009727 UNCLASSIFIED
Bletchley, often by motorcycle until more so Calais, General Patton arrived with a phantom phisticated methods were evolved, and were army to give the impression the landing would promptly decoded and passed to the appropriate indeed be tried there. Consequently Rundstedt commands. The intelligence was code-named and a vast army were kept there, reducing the "Ultra." defenses in Normandy. Astonishin~ly, there is nothin~ in captured Ultra's strength was also shown when, in German documents to suggest that anyone sus the Battle of the Bulge, the Germans relied on pected that the most secret cypher code was telephone rather than radio communications, and ·being read throughout the war. Much of the many lives were lost because the Allies could credit for this were the rules laid down by 1earn nothing of the German plans and intentions. Winterbotham for the "need to know." For instance, the Russians were never told These and other exciting stories are related of it, and the many free forces (French, Dutch, in this absorbing book. It suffers perhaps etc.) were not let in on the secret. Winter because Winterbotham was a "go-between" rather botham toured British and American commands, than one of the codebreakers, and thus credit lecturing users on this intelligence and warn is not given to the mathematicians and linguists ing them care had to be taken on how the infor who worked long hours in stuffy rooms where, mation could be used. because of blackout precautions, fresh air seldom penetrated the smoke-filled atmosphere. For instance, although the presence of an enemy force might be given in detail by Ultra, Tribute_ must also have been paid to those to bomb it immediately would cause the Germans radio operators, straining their ears when to wonder how the enemy knew of this force, so static and other conditions meant a missed reconnaissance planes had to be used so that group and maybe an important one at that, when the Germans would suspect that they had been the operator could not ask for a repeat - spotted from the air. these were the real heroes of one of the out standing accomplishments of the war. Unhappily, it was not unusual for holders of the German plans to have to forgo using them for One amusing tailpiece to the whole affair is fear of compromising the cypher break. One such the effect it will have on those whose memoirs occasion was the bombing of poor Coventry; have already been written. Many should now be enemy plans were known beforehand, but to defend rewritten; if Ultra did not actually win the the city would have aroused German suspicions. war it will cause historians to revise what has Although attempts to defend were made, the popu been written thus far. Books such as "D-Day" lace was not warned in advance. At that timeit are exciting reading, but the present work must was not known whether German spies were working be included in all war hiptory collections from among the British. now on, since it will affect all war histories But the information was used with telling in varying ways. effect in the Battle of Britain, when the Air Winterbotham is rightly proud of Bletchley's Force knew exactly the direction and the force achievement, but he tends to forget that infor to be employed in each attack. It is probable mation. needs acting upon; it needs good generals that Ultra did much to save Britain in those and above all a great Air Force, Army, and Navy. dark days. Everyone knew the Air Force could Fortunately the Allies had these too, and though not withstand these onslaughts for long, but Ultra was one of the most important contribu Ultra allowed them breathing space by parceling tions to the victory, Winterbotham perhaps out the slender defense forces where needed most. overrates it a little. Ultra played a particularly distinguished Sir John Masterman's book, "The Double-Cross part in the North African campaign, where Mont System in the War of 1939-1945" (reviewed in gomery was informed of Rommel's disposition of these columns February 12, 1972) describes how his forces and the extent of his supplies. Ul captured spies were "turned around" and also tra also enabled supplies across the Mediterra contributed to the downfall of Germany. There were nean Sea to be sunk en route. Montgomery's face other great coups but Ultra and Double Cross must should be red, since he claimed verbally and in rank very high in the defeat of the Nazis. his books that he planned his battle order, but he acquired the record of invincibility only through his useoftheinformationgivenbyUltra. P. W. Filby, in addition to his SIGINT experience at Bletchley Park With the British losing thousands of tons of and GCHQ, is an "honorary NSA-er by shipping weekly, the decoding of the German mCll'riage" (his UJife is CLA "President Navy's messages provided a welcome respite, and and CRYPTOLOG's SRA Editor Vera R. from 1943 the losses were significantly reduced Filby). Mr. Filby is the current since the disposition of the U-boats was known. Director of the Maryland Historial One wonders now just how the Normandy landing Society, Baltimore, Maryland. The would have worked out without Ultra. Since de preceding review is reprinted in coded messages told of the German belief that entirety from the Baltimore Evening '-= the attack would come from the narrow Pas de Sun, June 10, 1975. r~~ •• ~,_, December 75 * CRYPTOLOG * Page 4
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MUM'S STILL THE WORD! By l.....______.I M542
Many people make their work and the organi zation they work for an extension of their own egos, especially when the organization is per forming a vital service to society. For most people, one of the most compelling motivations on the job is the quest for approval by their peers and supervisors. But we NSAers are not like "most people." True, we have always been able to rely on peer and supervisory approval, but we have never been able to derive ego grati fication from identifying with NSA -- histori cally, both the Agency itself and our specific jobs here have been obscured from public notice. Lately, however, the curtain cloaking our activ ities has been lifted slightly. Winterbotham's book The Ultra Secret and the follow-on revela That our cryptologic operations are dis tions in the CBS television program, "Sixty cussed at all in the public media, no matter Minutes," have provided the public with glimpses how many decades have elapsed, is the primary of the vital role that cryptology plays in pro concern here. Journalistic appetite begets tecting our nation's security. Certainly, all appetite and, once titillated by the morsels of us must feel a sense of pride, and perhaps served up by disclosures such as those in Win indulge our egos a bit, to see our Agency's terbotham' s book, it tends to become ravenous vital function finally made known to the public. for the whole pot. Those who were associated It's a very seductive thing. We plug along for with the cryptologic effort in the past -- and years without public recognition. We strive con the numbers are prodigious -- as well as those stantly to overcome the natural urge to discuss currently involved, are presented with a psycho our work with non-NSA friends, particularly logical cop-out to indulge thel:r. :ego$36-3® when that work involves events taking place on talk about their work. After all, everyone else the world stage. Then, suddenly, there's our is doing it. Thus, revelation begets revelation. organization, our work -- us! -- on the tele vision screen, the front page of the newspaper, The publication of The Ultra Secret, however the public bookshelf. How easy it is to feel innocuous its specific revelations,_ can only be proud about finally getting public recognition. viewed with foreboding. It can only hasten the But that initial feeling of pride and personal dropping of the next shoe. And when.that shoe gratification is soon outweighed by the disqui drops, we NSAers should remember, "Mum's still eting realization that someone has talked, some the word!" · one has betrayed our tradition of keeping our mouths shut. The fact that such revelations do not always compromise sensitive information, as in the \_ case of The Ultra Secret and the TV follow-on, does not diminish our feelings of dismay. That precious shell of anonymity -- so carefully maintained over the years -- has been cracked. One can only expect that others will rush forth to give their versions of past events and open that crack still wider.
A Nazr submarrne is shown under at tack by American planes. Deciphering the Ultra code enabled Allied destroyers to sink many German U boats.
December 75 * CRYPTOLOG * Page S
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UNCLASSIFIED -- o--o-cio: roo-9727-,..-..,_.,...;.-'""-"--"'""'------·----- "· - ·-·-- ·------.... -·- "' ------~ ff .L. 86-36 SECRE'f' lit\. t ! ~ \ CUMULATIVE INDEX, 197efr-~, 975 The folZowing cumulative index of CRYPTOWG (Vols. I and II, 1974+ 19 ~5), was aomputer- pr>oduced using the Super> Bee CRT /Tyaom typewriter> terminal on the BQ? QO l\i;tnd progmms wr>itten by Geor>ge P. Wood, P16. The index is pr>inted in the middle io f ~!;#s issue so that it aan be r-emoved and used as a separote doaWT1ent i f desir>ed. - \ji\ \ The index is in two par-ts. The fir-et par-t is an index of titles;. iiiftJd alphabeti aally (1) by title and (2) by keywor>d in the title. The second pai't is \ ~ ri index of author>s. In both parts, multiple entr>ies ar>e listed in ch!'onoZog-tcal s~9~ence. Items in the double issue February-March 1975 are indicated by "F¢b 7 ~~ \1 and those 11 in the double issue August-September> 1975 by "Aug 75. '. "\;'.
Abdul and His 40 Tanks BEISBOL Frederic 0, Mason, Jr ••••• Aug 75 The Langua;:=;....;;.:;....=::,:.::.:~i....;:;.....,.~· ryday Talk
AFRIKAANS 74 Language in the News -- Afrikaans, Amerind, Arabic, Chinese, French, Hebrew, Lycian, BOOKBREAKERS ,j "\ Spanish, Portuguese, Russian, Swahili Letters to the tditor - Pt 6f.essionalization • • • • • • • • • • o • • • • • Sep 7 4 of Bookbreakers I :, f :::,~ • • • • • Apr 75 AMERIND Letters to the Editor ... Language in the News -- Afrikaans, Amerind, I f letter on BoOkbreakers Arabic, Chinese, French, Hebrew, Lycian, I ,! i : d~•O•• • May 75 Spanish, Portuguese, Russian, Swahili Letters to the Editor -- •. •. • • • • • • • • • • • o • • o Sep 7 4 I netter on Bookhreakers ..____ ...... ___,,L \ . ::. • • • • • May 75 APOSTROPHE Letters to the Edi tor -- Bookbre~kers; Prcfes The Apostrophe -- Some Thought's siona11zation of Country \Sl'ecialists Vera R. Filby • • • • • • Nov 74 ! I. . . . , •. . . . , Jun 75 The Winnah--Kid Apostrophe! ... Oct 75 Letters to ..t"'"h-e""'E""'d"'"i-to_r ... --1 ' l1etter on An Approach to Callsign Analysis Bookbreakers • . . . . • •· • Jun 75 William J. Jackson. , Dec 74 Letters to the Editor -- Rebuttal I 1- Aug 75 ...!.. __.. CA COMINT Analysis of I TA, Handmaiden of CA Derek, K • ..,c""'r_a_1_g-.--'"". • • • • Sep 74 Frederic 0. Mason, Jr., ... May 75 Letters to the Editor -- • Dec 74 CAA -·.-I.. - ...... _. ___.I article. • Learned Organizations ARABIC / CLA Essay Contest; CAA News •••• Dec 75 L!).nguage in the News -- Afrikaans, Amerind, .-- ,- Arabic, Chinese, French, Hebrew, Lycian, CALENDAR REFORM :·.· ___. ..---- Spanish, Portuguese, Russian, Swahili A Proposal for Calendar Reform Francis T. Leahy. • • • • Dec 74 • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • Sep 7 4 -· Language in the News -- Language Panel, NCS, ~11 ..: ..::.. -· Machine Course for Linguists, CLA News, Calling SRAs! -- SRA Symposium Arabic. • • • • • • • • • • • • • • Apr 75 I L . . • . . • Aug 7 4 EO, 1. 4. ( C) p .:c... 86-36 CALLSIGN Are We Wasting Linguistic Time? An Approach to Callsign Analysis Mary Roberta Irwin .. May 75 Wil 1 iam J. J acksori, • • • • • Dec 7 4 · .:--: t~TEQ I CAMINO · Maurice Welsh • • . . . . Nov 75 CAMINO New.,.....s ______..., AUT0Mi\tr-0N I I~...... Feb 75 Automation. of a TA Process CAMINO -- Electronic warfare Terms 'fimMurphy. •.•. Oct 75 I ~ . . . . Jul 75 ··,,, ··...... Basic Patterns of! !codes and Ciphers C~R~;~r~~~;;ctory ._I ______.I• •• Feb 75 of Career Panels. \ • Aug 74 • , ' , ', ...... ······· ...... ::':< ~. P.L. 86-36 December 75 * CRYPTOLOG * Page 9
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CARRIAGE Arabic • ••••••• • • , ••• , Apr 75 Prqject CARRIAGE -- Worldwide HFDF Learned Organizations CLA, IAI May 75 ·Modernization Plan Learned Organizations CMI, CLA , •• Jul 75 Learned Organizations \ \.. "· ··.. James B. Webster. • • • • • , Sep 74 CLA Essay Contest; CAA News •••• Dec 75 ·. ·. .. ". The Case ·· for COl-IINT Readers CMI ..... ______, • • • • • Jan 75 Learned Organizations -- CLA, CMI, CISI Prizes and Honors, Spring 1974 , •• Aug 74 CENTRAL INFORMATION Learned Organizations A\Guid.e to Central Information -- CS •• Apr 75 CLA Is. Ten Years Old! News from CISI, CMI, IAI , •• . Jan 75 Character Building in the People's Learned Organizations -- CMI, CLA 1'J?..1 l7~ • ( c) Republic of China • P\L. 86-36 CODE ·. 'I I...... Oct 74 The Navajo Code Talkers • Jun· 75 CHARACTER STREAM SCANNING CODE CLERK I !Paper on Character Stream Scanning Psyching the Code Clerk -d by Machine • • • • • • • • , • • • • Oct 75 l CHINA L. D. Callimahos, •• • Apr 75 Character Building in the People's Re-psychling the Code Clerk Republic of China I.... ______.I··· • Ju1 · 75 · P.L. 86-36 ... _I_ ____.I . ... • • • Oct 74 CODE RECOVERY Cryptanalysis and Code Recovery CHINESE Marjorie Mountjoy •• • • Sep 74 Language in the News -- Afrikaans. Amerind, Arabic, Chinese, French, Hebrew, Lycian, CODES Spanish, Portuguese, Russian. Swahili Basic Pat.,,t.. ern,....s...... ,o .... f..... l..._ ___.l .. c.. · f . d.es arid tlpheillP 1. 4. ( c) • • • • • • • • • • • • • • Sep 74 L - •• Feb·~S 86-36 Basic Patterns --0H !Codes and Ciphers .... ································· I ,...... Feb 75 CODEWORD E6 . 1.4. . • ( c) - - CI~HERS Basic ~""""';.....;o~f-'l ____,lcodes '------''·····.. ·· ·;··· .. ~ ··· ... 75 • • • . • ··Jan 75 ·· c _o"i!Jo'lo.l..lo.li:.&.;il.l..-l<.lo;:,limm~s~~a~n~d~L~o.:.w.:.-G~r1;..:a~d~e~~~:::.,1;.~:..:.... cbLLEc.r~~~ - The New Collection Criteria,. I I-··· ~ . • . • o • • Dec 7 4 COLLECTOR CISI UNNA, !.---I------., .. I<• .••..• •· . ·········· .. . . EO 1. 4. ( c) Learned Organizations -- CLA, CMI, CISI _ _ ...... J CLA COMM CHANGE . - ,' Learned Organizations -- CLA, CMI. CISI A Comm Change at Ramasun Station Prizes and Honors, Sprin~ 1974 ••• Aug 74 I 1-~ • Apr 7S Learned Organizations CLA Is Ten Years Old! ·' '------.-....L------News from CISI, CMI • IAI • • • • • • J;m 15 The Warsaw Pact I Language in the News -- Language Panel; NCS, ...I.. ______.,._ ! .. ··········/ Machine Course for Linguists. cLA News. I· • • Jul 75 Decemhe~ 75 * CRYPTOLOG * Page 10 EO 1.4. ( c) P.L. 86 - 36 SECRET H.O~IQbS VH ~QllHJ'f ~1Wltll!:b6 QNbV .-- - -·~- -....>..O..J :-.-· DOCID: 4009727 SECRET ::)"' p .L. 86-36 COMMS CRYPTOGRAMS / • Comms and Low-Grade Ci hers -- Secrets Of the Al ta):'.S .;;:;. Jhe M'Ous tier Crypto.. ~. ...t r·· -a-~-~----.;.....---'. f - ~ - · - ...... Sep 74 i::o . 1 • 4 • ( c ) · ~ ~ • • • • • • Oct 75 6 CRYPTOGRAPHIC . .· •LC.~_, ''t'"' th• CQd• Clerk --1 .··1 1,I P rQMMJ !NI CAT ..:O_N_S_S_A_T_EL_L_I_T_E __ __. l - 1-.·· • • • • Nov 7S L. D. Callimahos. • • • • • • Apr 75 CSI NEWSLETTER COMPUTER .. ·· The Yawn of the Computer Age Establishment of CSI Newsletter ~ • • • Dec 7S or, When Your Terminal Is Terminal CS EO 1 • 4 • ( c) • Jan 7S P.L. 86-36 Cfmrn1ters Comrns. and Low-Grade Cjphers __ ~ Guid• to C•fitral Info=ation -- CS •• Apr 75 _ . Computer Network Resources in CS • • • Aug 7S 1 ______. •.... .•.... •.....•.....•...... • • • • Oct 7S DANANG The Danan~ Processing Center COMPUTER NETWORK Aug 7S !,______. L· ...... Oct 7S Computer Network Resources in CS DATA '.::.,, . ::~ : : .. :i1• 86 36 COMPUTER SYSTEMS Data and [)efinitions Call:i.ng 1hi~~~ / .· P.L. - Professionalizing in Computer Systems by Their Rightful Names / // .·· I I·· ·· . . . . • Jun 7S I • ; . . . . • Nov 74 COMSEC DATA BASE COMSEC Familiarization - Do You Need It?' The TEXTA Data Base • • • • Jun 7S William J. Jackson •••••• Aug 74 How Clean Does a Data Base Need To Be? COUNTRY SPECIALISTS I I< Jan 75 Letters to the Editor Bookbreakers; Professionalization of I Countrr specialists The Warsaw Pact l .. , P.L. 86"'36 ...... _ I •• Jun 75 ~'~~---,,,....-...-....,...... ,,...... ,..,...... ,,.,...... ,...,.._~.....,..;;,.,--14.(C) ___ ...... Frederick W. Wal ton, JI>, •.L-. .B (}Ail 67 5 COURSE-EQUIVALENCY NCS Offers Course-equivalency Tests • • Nov 75 DECRYPTION COVER TERMS Coverterms f. ···•..... • . • • . . Nov J ------'· ...... Vera R. Filby • • ••• Apr 75 DEFINITIONS .. .;;::: .... ,,.. Letters to the Editor -- r-1...... --..;:...lartide on Tlli~$~ 8 6 3 6 Coverterms D11.ta .and O.efinitions ::.::. CaTiing :: P • L • ,... ------1. • ; ~ ····· ~ ·····~· · · ~ Jun 7S by Their Rightful Names I r~ . . . . . Nov 74 CRYPTANALYSIS Cryptanalysis and Code Recovery Marjorie Mountjoy •••••• Sep 74 New Trends in the Teaching of Cryptanalysis I I ~ . . . . Nov 74 ______.I· • . . . . . ,•,·' Nov 75 CRYPTANALYSTS DESKPAD What Should You Expect? DESKPAD--A Programmer's Tool EO 1.4, ( C) or, The Analysis of Cryptanalysts I I · • • £.ii •• $l6v-3JD I I· ... ~ ...... Aug 74 TheDevil's Dictionary. • • • • Feb 75 CRYPTANALYTICS Puzzle -- Secret Messages, "Military DICTIONARY Cryptanalytics" • • ••••• Dec 74 The Devil's Dictionaty. • • • • • • • • Feb 75 Dicltibna~is3.n. CRYPTO Glossaries versus More on Squaring the Page (A Crypto - TA Which Should It Be? Function) Jacob Gurin • • • • • • • • • Feb 75 Frederico. Mason, Jr ••••• Jun 75 December 75 * CRYPTOLOG * Page 11 EO 1.4. ( c) DOCID: 4009727P.L. 86-36 SECRE'f L-----r--....L';~Wh1.1;a~t11:..?:..·~Wh!.Ll.lie~re? Golden Oldies -- An Unofficial Glossary Why? of Weasel Words ••••••••• Oct 74 ..______....J, . - ~ . . • • • Nov 74 ··. .. Glossaries versus Dictionaries ------Which Should It Be? ____... !Paper on Character Stream · Scarining J b G . M h · ·... ·· ·o t aco ur1n • • • • • • Feb 75 b y ac ine ~ ·• , _ ••• , •••••• c 75 .. GOLDEN OLDIES DIRf;CTORY ·· · Go_lden Oldies -- The Management Survey A Short Directory of Career Panels, • A1,1g 74 ·of··--the Philharmonic ••••••••• Aug 74 ~~Iden Ol~ies -- Kjng Eusyh rnd Queen Deodi The Do Xa Pads -.... l _.. • .... Sep 74 Edward S, Wiley ••••••• Oct 75 Golden · o1t1t~s -- Ari Unc:>fficial ' GJ._ossary of Weasef"WoTds_, •• ·· ••... ••• ·. •·· .. • • Oct 74 DRAGON SEEDS Golden Oldies -- Estabiis.hJ!lent SECRET lhldlBl::E '/IA €8MIN'f etb\:H!41!L" 0!4Li .· -· ---..------DOCID: 4009727 E_O 1.4. ( c) P\L. 86-36 In Praise of SOLITS LANGUAGE PROBLEM Louis c. Grant. • Nov 75 A Fix for the Language Problem? John B. Thomas, Jr •••••• Aug 75 'i .... _..__I______I LEARNED ORGANIZATIONS P .L. 86-~6 . . . . • Nov 75 Learned Organizations -- CLA, CMI, CISI Prizes and Honors, Spring 1974 • • • Aug 74 INTERN PROGRAM Learned Organizations -- CISI Forms A Long Hard Look at the Intern Program - Special Interest Group on Human Factors Program Philosophy; Recruit~ent • • • • • • • Dec 74 Anne Exinterne •••••••• Sep 74 Learned Organizations -- A Long Hard Look at the Intern Program - CLA Is Ten Years Ola! Selection and Orientation News from CISI, CMI, iAI • • Jan 75 Anne Exinterne •••••••• Oct 74 Learned Organizations CLA, IA! 0 0 • May 75 A Long Hard Look at the Intern Program - Learned Organizations -- CMI, CLA • • • Jul 75 Motivation and Morale Learned Organizations Anne Exinterne •••••••• Nov 74 CLA Essay Contest; CAA News •••• Dec 75 A Long Hard Look at the Intern Program -- What Happens to the Graduates? LETTERS TO THE EDITOR Anne Exinterne •••••••• Dec 74 Letters to the Editor -- SRA Symposium Oct 74 Letters to the Editor -- Intern Program Letters to the Edi tor - ~ E:4 Deid .7(ic) Emery w. Tetrault •••••• Feb 75 Letters to the Editor -- Citizens of tlle.i'Qrla6-36 Letters to the Editor -- Intern Progra~ I L ... ; . : ; . Fel> 75 P. L. 86-36 I I • , . . • . Apr 75 Letters to the Editor -- Intern Program Emery w. Tetrault • ~ •••• Feb 75 INTERPRETER Letters to the Editor Intern Program The Faithful Echo - The Role of the I I • . . . . . Apr 75 State 9epartment Interpreter Letters to the Editor Professionalization :: -"Ii" Cli-----·- Feb 75 1....______I· · or aoc>kbreakers · ..... - · P • L • 86-36 I • • ~ . . . AP:r 75 I Letters to the Eclitor PThin• the CpQe "lork -J I I I a'tficle on EL INT I 1. • May 75 Letters to the Editor -- c L. D. Callimahos ••••••• Apr 75 1 lietter on Bookbr___ e__ akers EO 1. 4. ( c) I~ P.L. 86-36 I • . . . . . May 75 KING EUSYB Letters to.__t~h-e__,,E~d"i_t_o_r______, Golden 01 ..d_i_e_s __-_-_K_i_·n_g __ E_u_s_y_.b and Queen Deodi I letter on Bookbreakers L I . • . . Sep 74 I I ...... · ... • May 75 LANGUAGE Lettersto the Editor"""" Bookbreakers; profes-. The Language of Beisbol in Everyday Talk sionalization of Country Specialists''·"··: ··::,,. I I I v . . • . . . . . · ~: :""JJili f! :J:!>"';"' p • L • 86-36 Ramon Santiago-Ortiz ••••• Aug 74 Letters tothe Editor -4 fletter on Language ,.essons Learned•-A PersonalMemoir Boo"kbreakers • . . • • . •• ; . Jun 75 ....------...... --,....1 . . . . . Oct 75 Letters to the Editor --1 Filrticle Tactical Language Exploitation- I . . Jun 75 A Lesspn Learned Letters to the Editor -- Rebuftli1 · L.. ______.I • • • • Oct 75 I ... Aug 75 Letters to the Editor- LANGUAGE IN THE NEWS Typewriter keyboard • Oct 75 Language in the News -- Afrikaans, Amer~nd, Arabic Chinese, French, Hebrew, Lycian, LEXICOGRAPHY Spanish, Portuguese, Russian, Swahili Some Thoughts on Lexicography • • • • • • • • • • • 0 • • 0 0 Sep 74 Stuart A. Buck •••••••• Sep 74 Language in the News -- English •••• Dec 74 Language in the News -- Language Panel, NCS, Machine Course for Linguists, CLA News, LINEAR RECURSIVE SEQUENCES Arabico • o o • • • • o_ e o • o o o Apr 75 Graphic Analysis of Linear Recursive Language in the News -- English • • • • Aug 75 Sequenc~e_s______, I ~ .. •-• _.... Dec 75 LANGUAGE PANEL .L. 86-36 Language in the News --.Lan~uage Panel, NCS, LINGUISTIC Machine Course for Linguists, CLA News, Are We Wasting Linguistic Time? Arabic. Cl o o o o o o o o o o o o o Apr 75 I I• .... May 75 December 75 * CRYPTOLOG * Page 13 SECRET 111\'.NflLE vIA eeft!Il4T e1 !AliHEL~ ONLY DOCID: 4009727 SEC KET ""/p • L • 8 6 - 3 6 LINGUISTS f NCS Language in the News -- Language Panel, NCS, News from NCS :'.""' M§¢.y Resumes Hiring. of Machine Course for Linguists, CLA News, LICs · NCS Offers Course in "SIGlNf .· Arabic ••••••••••••••• /\pr 75 Appr~ciatiori''· ••••••• •. /• , • Oct 74 Linguists -- We Need an Experts Yelfow Pages! ~ Language in the News -- Language Panel, NCS, I l ...... Aug 75 Machine Course for Linguists, CLA News, Linguists -- You Have an Exrrt to Call Arabic. • • • • • • • • • / • .,·· • • Apr 75 NCS Offers Course-equivalency Tests •• Nov 75 I _. . . . Oct 75 Linguists from the Mel ting Pot . The New Traffic Analysis G1ossa:ry ••• Aug 74 I h. . Dec 75 New Trends in the Teaching of Cryptanalysis L-____...,..._.,.....__, ••••• Nov 74 A Long Hard Look at the Intern Program - The New Collection :riteria Program Philosophy; Recruitment J...... Dec 74 Anne Exinterne •••••••• Sep 74 I A Long Hard Look at the Intern Program - News from NCS -- Agency Resumes Hiring of Selection and Orientation LICs; NCS Offers Course in "SIGINT Anne Exinterne, ••••••• Oct 74 Appreciation". • • • • • •••• Oct 74 A Long Hard Look at the Intern Program - Motivation and Morale Nice Busman's Holiday for One NSA Employee Anne Exinterne •••••••• Nov 74 Barbara Dudley. • • • ••• Aug 74 A Long Hard Look at the Intern Program -- What Happens to the Graduates? 1972-73--A Vietnam Odyssey Anne Exinterne •••••••• Dec 74 I Oct 75 MACHINE COURSE ''''p .L. 86-36 Language in the News -- Language Panel, NCS, NSA-CROSTIC Machine Course for Linguists, CLA News, NSA-crostic No. 1 . Oct 75 Arabic. • • • . • • • • • • • • • • Apr 75 An October Overlap 1..I______.L • • • • • • • Oct 74 MACHINE INTELLIGENCE Machine Intelligence Promise or Delusion? The Oldl !section L.I ______.I • . ; . . . Jul 75 Horace Booth~ ••• • Dec 74 MANAGEMENT SURVEY One Chance in Three -- But It Worked EO 1. 4. ( c) Golden Oldies -- The Management Survey William Gerhard •• • Ibclt·7§6-36 of the Philharmonic. • • • • • • • • Aug 74 MAPS Maps in Mind -- A Photoessar. • • • • • Dec 74 ...______1 .• • • • Oct 75 ORAL REPORTING The Mission of the Oral Reporting: Challen~.e ~"" " Signals Processing Requirements Panel A·······N···e···w······ J• . for; •.• NSA Apr 75"...... P.L. 86-36 I I• , • • , . Oct 74 I OVERLAP MOLECULE SUPERSERIES An October Oyerlap Golden Oldies -- Establishment of L.l ______.I~ Oct 74 Molecule Superseries ••••• • Feb 75 ...... PADS EO 1. 4. ( c) The Do Xa Pads P.L. 86-36 Edward S. Wiley ••••••• Oct 75 ••I Nov 75 L------''' A Personal Comment on Winterbotham's "The ULTRA Secret" More on Squaring the Page (A Crypto - TA Brig. John H. Til tman • • • • Dec 75 Function) Frederic O. Mason, Jr ••••• Jun 75 PHILHARMONIC Golden Oldies -- The Management Survey Mum's Still the Word! ("The ULTRA Secret") of the Philharmonic ••••••••• Aug 74 I I• . . . • Dec 75 . ··P.L. 86-36 PMDS 75 The Navajo Code Talkers • • Jun Hooray for:....l.L,/;;llo...._ PMDs! ___....,I 1... ______,• . • • • • May 75 December 75 * CRYPTOLOG * Page 14 8ECKE'f llANBhE '/IA €911Hff EHMiNEbS 9Nr!/ I . L DOCID: 4009727 SBCRE'f ?.L. 86-36 _,,, ·· ·''' \\ ...... PORTUGUESE PuzzJe -- CRY-PTO-tOGrolling •• Aug 75 Language in the News -- Afrikaans, Amer~nd, Puz:de -- N!5.A-crostic No. 1 . Oct 75. ········· .....; : Arabic, Chinese, French, Hebr,ew, Lyc1an, RADIOTELEPHONE . ,. ··· ... \ Spanish, Portuguese, Russian, \ Swahili · Puzzle ·· ~ ~ IRkdiote':i ~phorie I I ...... •·\ . . . Sep 7.4 I I • \ • • ; • • ...... ___J-un- 75 l PRI ZES Learned Organizations -- CLA, CM!, .CISr' RAMASUN j Prizes and Honors, Spring 1974 . ..\ •• Aug 74 A Comm Change at Ramasun Station ••• Apr 75 Processing! ConununicLa-t~1~o~n~s,...------..,...----..... RANDOM l..______I ~/ Typewriter Random -- A Nr Look En.i. 4. • ( c) • Aug 75 I _ ... P•• J..., 8.6Ail~ 75 PROFESSIONALIZATION Letters to the Editor Professionalization RAPIDTRAN of Bookbreakers RAP IDTRAN - d I I• • • • • • • Apr 75 I Letters to the Edi tor .. 1...------I...... Ju 1 7 5 Bookbreakers; Professionalization~f Reflectior on a Translatorr: Conf~r~n~eNov Country Specialists 74 I I· ...... Jun 75 Replacemrt of the GllPPY !.jhrry•••• PROFESSIONALIZING Feb 75 Professionalizing in Computer Systems . I I• • r • ~ • Jµn 75 PROGRAMMER Flag-Waving Programmer George John • • Dec 74 REVIEW DESKPAD--A Programmer's Tool Review of "Guidefo Russian Technical · Trans1i8tion," by Arthuf/: :a~e~~ • Feb I 1-- . .. ···•·····•···· 0 • • 75 ic Project CARRIAGE -- Worldwide HFDF Modernization Plan RIGHT-TO-LEFT TEXT t Right-to-Left Text Sorts Are Not Impossible • James B. Webster • Sep 74 ~ Project SYMBIOSIS I • • • • : • • • Aug 74 Anonymous ••••• • Jun 75 The Role of the Electronic W,arfare Advisory A Proposal for Calendar RefoT!'I Element (EWAE) of NSA / Francis T. Leahy. • ••• Dec 74 I I • • • • • • • Jun 75 RUSSIAN ••rching ,,, cod• c1or> -J Language in the News -- Afrikaans, Amerind, Arabic, Chinese, French, Hebrew, Lycian, L. D. Callimahos. • • • Apr 75 Spanish, Portuguese, Russian, Swahili • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • Sep 7 4 Purity of the Russian Language -:- Purity of the Russian Language - .L. 8 6-36 Slavophiles. . v:s Westernizers Slavophiles vs. Westernizers ~ Nov 74 ... ·· . • Nov 74 I I , .., ; Review of "Guide to Russian Tec.hnical PUZZLE Translation" b Arthur .J;Salemme Puzzle -- Stinky Pinky • Aug 74 'i>.L; ... i}:(; .,.;3.6 · puzzle "'"'Telephone Directory • ·•· • .. , • Aug 74 ...... Puz .i.le -- Telephone Recall • Oct 74 ._,.._,....,.....,....,....."'l"!"'~---~u':'e-,.;:u-::s:-:s~1:::a::::n:------Puzzle -- S(kret Mes§a,ges, "Military l I . • • • • • Nov 75 ~ Cryptanalytics" • · ~ • • " ' "" ~"" " '"·· ~ .....• , .'. .... ~~~ 74 1------,L------! Puzzle -- Citizens of the World ••• ; i.n:;C •:74: , Puz z 1 e - - Crossed Codewords ,_..P_r_o_c_e""'s,...s"'"i.... ngL-...,...------...... Jan 75 Communicat1ons Puzzle -- L.c""'"an--""'Y,...o-u"""M""'a"""k,...e"""""Ou~t-..,.t:-'he Naine ?... .• • • • • 0 • Aug 75 I I· ...... ~ Feb 75 I Puzzle -- How Many Words in "CRYP:rOLOG"? Secrets of the Altars -- 'I'he Moustier 75 Puzzie. • !Radiotelephqne• • • • • • • • ~ ~ • Ma:i; Cr)'Pt.. o· .. . ram~ ·.. s -4 . I . J f_ .I.... • ,,' • . . . • . • Sep 74 · I J. • • ~ • • ..~. • • • Jun 75 December 75 * ' tRYPTOLOG * PagelS .. :: ..-;::::~!.,, '. } P.L. 86-36 EO 1.4. ( c) P.L. 86-36 lll':NBbE YIA ESMI!ff Elb'd4141!L~ erfLi DOCID: 4009727 SECRE'f _ ... ::·· .-,'.'' ''p .L. 86-36 SELF-PACED INSTRUCTION SRA SYMPOSIUM Self-Paced Instruction "The Future ls Now'' Calling A1l SRAs! SBA Symposium ._I ______.I • ~ . . • • Aug 74 t l . . . /~ . . . Aug 74 Letters to the Editor -- SRA Symposium Oct 74 SHIPBUILDING The Great Soyiet Shipbuildin~ ~ystery STATE DEPARTMENT I J ..... Dec 75 The Faithful Echo - The Role of the State Department Interpreter Thel !Exercise -- A Case Study I l . . . • • Feb 75 in Special Research Analysis EO 1. 4. ( c) Vera R. Filby • • • • Oct 74 STINKY PINKY P.L. 86-36 Puzzle -- Stinky Pinky ••• Aug 74 A Short Directory of Career Panels •• Aug 74 SWAHILI SIGINT USER'S HANDBOOK Language in the News -- Afrikaans, Amerind, The SIGINT User's Handbook Arabic, Chinese, French, Hebrew, Lycian, or, What's an Ishtar? Spanish, Portuguese, Russian, Swahili • • • • • • Jan 75 • • • • • • • • Sep 74 SIGNALS PROCESSING SYMBIOSIS The Mission of the Project SYMBIOSIS 1 • , Jun 75 Signals Processing Reguirements Panel ~ TA - . P.L. 86-36 I .•... Oct 74 TA, Handmaiden of CA SIMP TABLES Frederic O. Mason, Jr.. • • • May 75 Golden Oldies -- SIMP Tables • • • • • Jun 75 More on Squaring the Page (A c;rypfo - TA Function) SO LITS Frederic Q. Mason, Jr .• Jun 75 In Praise of SOLITS Automation of a.TA Process Tim Murphy. • • • • Oct 75 Louis C. Grant. • • • • • Nov 75 TACTICAL Some Thoughts on Lexicography S~p IRONHORSE--A Tac ti cajSIGINT Syst.em Stuart A. Buck •••••••• 74 I _...... • . . Oct 75 Tactical Language Exploitation- SORTS A Lesson Learned Right-to-Left Text Sorts A:r-e Not Impossible I I • . • • . . . . Aug 74 I r. . . . Oct 75 SOVIET TEACHING New Trends in the Teaching of Cryptanalysis /I ______, ______I J. .... Nov 74 ._____,-.....,.,....,.....,...... ,...... ,..,.__.h • Nov 75 TECHNl(;AL .. MANUALS The Great Soviet Shipbuilding Mystery Guidesmanship -,- or, How to Wiit.e I I · · • Dec 75 Technical Manuals Without Actually P.L. 86-36 SPANISH Givinj Anything Away I··· Language in the News -- Afrikaans, Amerind, _ . • • • • • Nov 74 Arabic, Chinese, French, Hebrew, Lycian, TELEPHONE Spanish, Portuguese, Russian, Swahili Puzzle -- Telephone Directory • • • Aug 74 Eci T';4;·(c) ••• Sep 74 P.L. 86-36 Puzzle -- Telephone Recall Oct 74 SPECIAL RESEARCH ANALYSI UNNA1.__-,______=;--' Thel !Exercise -- A Case Study in Special Research Analysis .______.I • • • • • • Jan 75 Vera R. Filby •••••••• Oct 74 TERMINAL A Spot by Any Other Name The Yawn of the Computer Age Vera R. Filby •••••••• Aug 74 or, When Your Terminal Is Terminal I I· . Jan 75 SQUARING THE PAGE More on Squaring the Page (A Crypto - TA TEXT A P.L. 86-36 Function) The TEXTA Data Base Frederic O. Mason, Jr.. • • Jun 75 William J. Jackson •• Aug 74 Too Many Garbles I.... ------. .• ••• Jul 75 December 75 * CRYPTOLOG * Page 16 SBCRBT IWJB:CE VIA es1mfl' Eih'rfmns 6!4t'1 I S~C:KE'f TRAFFIC ANALYSIS VIETNAM The New Traffic Analysis Glossary • • • Aug 74 Vietnam Articles in Dragon Seeds Oct 75 "'"'. ::::~:, , 1972-73--A Vietnam Odyssey ·:::.::· .. P • L • 8 6 - 3 6 TRANSLATION ',...... ·········· .···· ·········. t ::·:::: ' ... Review of "Guide to Russian Technical .__. ______.I -· • • Oct 75 Translation," by Arthur J. Salemme . · ·· l . · ~ . ~ - · . . Feb 75 VOYNICH ····The Voy:11Jch Manuscript -- Third Theory tforts E. Mi ller • • • • Aug 75 jPlDTRA······N._-_-'______, ~ I I 0 I I :1 Jul 75 to 1. 4 , ( C) TRANSLATORS' CONFERENCE l'""-----ir------~.-.-.-.---t;, f;~ ~ L . 0®6-7~ 6 Reflect io.n.. .._os ...n ... ··..;;...... ,=""""=""'""' ·conference i<']::: ' ~'· 8 6 C.::3 6 : ,_I__ .....,,.....,, __ ----I •••• Nov 74 . ·· .. TRANSPOSITION Twenty Years of Transposition • • Jul 75 · I I...... Aug 75 WEASEL WORDS TYPEWRJTER Typewri~er Golden Oldies -- An Unofficial Glossary Random A New Look of Weasel Words •••••• • •• •• Oct 74 ·I I ...... Aug 75 Letters to the Editor -- What Should You Expect? Typewriter keyboard • • • • ••• Oct 75 or, The Anal sis of Cryptanalysts .• • • • • • • • Aug 7 4 ULTRA What Are ~We-A""b_o_u..,.t""?,....,...,.Fr-a"""'gnient:s, Figments, A Personal CoRD11ent on Winterbotham's or Whaft-?)..______-...... , ''The ULTRA Secret" I L~ . Dec 75 Brig. John H. Tiltman , • • • Dec 75 What is a Collector? ULTRA Was Secret Weapon That Helped Defeat I L . . - ~> . Aug 7 4 Nazis "<:;. P. W, Filby • • ••••• Dec 75 When Censorship Backfi res '::,:, Mum's Still the Word! ("The ULTRA Secret") I • • • • • Nov 'l s.. I j • • • ·• Dec 75 J · ·· · · ·· ::::: :~::::~:~::: ;;~; :~'. '.'. '.! · p • L • . Where Does "Does" Come . From?·· · · 86-36 UNNA Emery w: Tet:rault. • . . Jup" 75 UNNA, A lelex Collector - ~E! -~ · Kj_ ~ ~~ostrophe! h ·· .... Jan 75 Winnah .. Oct 75 The Uses of ELINT The Yawn of the Computer Age , Apr 75 or, Whr Ymir Termi nal Is Teti~a ~ • Jan 75 ... _, ____, ___ YELLOW PAGES '------11. . ,. . , Oct 75 Linguists -- We Need an Experts Yellow Pages ? EO 1.4. ( C) I ~" · ·...... • Aug 75 P.L. 8 6 - 3~======::::!:======:::::======·. ., L The Gulf of Tonkin Incld~~t ~ ~ ·· • •• , Feb 75 Letters to the Editor ,,_ Professionalization Tactical Language Exploitation of Bookbreakers •. ··• ... • · ·- ~-· · · · ·· · · ..~ • • ·>···!' • Apr 75 A Lesson Learned • • • • • , , , Oct 75 ,.::: . '---....,....,...... ,..~! The Uses of EL INT . • . • . • .. • • • • Apr 75 '""t"""· : .. Graphic Analys is of Linear Recursive ~;:mt~fiiti.p Sequences. , , , •••• , • , ••• Dec 75 I I • L • The Role of the Electron iC Warf~r~ Advisory Anonymous Element (EWAE) 0 f NSA_. • ~ · • • , • • Jun 75 Project SYMBIOSIS , • , , • , , •.... ~ .....•.... • . Jun· 75· I ! ·. I ~ect .....,s""e.,i""'f... -"'P'"'a-ce-a..,.....t.-n""s""'t .... ruc t ion -- "The Future Is Now" The Oldl ion . ...!': .....~ ... • • • • • • Dec 74 • • • • • • , Aug 74 I I EO 1 . 4 . ( C) """'"::~-'"T"OI-""""""' Letters to the Edit or -- · P.L. 86-36 Re-psychhng the Code Clerk····· ··:··· . • , ~ " Jul 75 J !article on ELINT .•... - ~ May 75 December 75 * CRYPTOLOG * Page 17 P.L. 86-36 SECRIST llMlBcE '/IA ES!ulili'f' ElbldlllELS 8NbY DOCID: 4009727 SECRE'f Anne Exinterne Maps in Mind -- A Photoessay• • •••• Dec 74 A Long Hard Look at the Intern Program - Program Philosophy; Recruitment ••• Sep 74 Stuart A. Buck A Long Hard Look at theintern Program - Some Thoughts on Lexicography ••••• Sep 74 Selection and Orientation •••••• Oct 74 A Long HardLook attheJnternProgra.JJl ..... Motivation and Morale •••••••• Nov 74 P.L. 86-36 The New Collection Criteria • • Dec 74 A Long Hard Look at the Intern Prqgram'""- What is a Collector?. • • • • • , Aug 74 What Happens to the Graciuates? • • • Dec 74 L. D. Callimahos ~ Psyching the Code Clerk -J .. WbYL • • • Nov 7 4 __.~5 EO 1. 4. ( ._I______-P-.-W-._F_i_l_b_y ___ c) P.L. 86-36 .______.I ULTRA Was Secret Weapon That Helped Defeat The Danang Processing Cenfot. ~ •••• Oct 75 Nazis .••••••••••••••• Dec 75 •··············· Vera R. Filby IRONHORSE--A Tactical SIGINT System. • Oct 75 ~~[ts::c:; :J!:~=~~~~i°;f i~a~e~s~u~y::: ":: .,,,... P. L. 8 6-3 6 DESKPAD--A Programmer's Tool. • • • • • Nov 75 The Apostrophe Some Thought's Nov 7 4 Coverterms. • • • • Apr 75 Linguists -- You Have an Expert to Call Typewriter Ran om -- A New Look • Aug 75 Co-author: Rhea Nagle. • • • • • Oct 75 Caterino Garofalo Derek K. Craig Gary's Colors ~ • ---··-- ---.-----.-----·. 0 0 74 COMINT Analysis of I.. ______. Sep 74 . . ;, ' EO Sf!J;l 4 • ( c ) P.L. 86-36 William Gerhard One Chance in Three -- But It Worked •• Oct 75 Hooray for PMDs!. May 75 P.L. 86-36 ------'Linguistsfrom the'"' Melting Pot. • • • • Dec 75 • • Oct 75 EO 1.4. ( c) Louis c. Grant In Praise of SOLITS • • • • • • • • • • Nov 75 The Mission of the Signll.ls P;rocessing Requirements Panel...... • . . Oct 74 Jacob Gurin Glossaries versus Dictionaries -- Barbara Dudley Which Should It Be?. • • • • • • • • Feb 75 Nice Busman's Holiday for One NSA Employee • . • • • • ••••••••• Aug 74 ,.______... Letters to the Editor -:- .. Bookbreakers; Professi;0n<1Jization of What Should You Expect? Country Specialists. • • • • ,,. • • Jun 75 or, The Analysis of Cryptanalysts. Aug 74 ·········· Secrets of the Altars -- The Moustier ...... ,::; !J::;:!_i·P.L. 86-36 Cryptograms •••••••• Sep 74 Character Building intJ1e Peoplet;, ·""' An October Overlap. • • • • • Oct 74 Republicof China Twenty Years of Transposition Aug 75 Co ... author: •••• ~ Oct 74 CAMINO News • • • , • • • • • • • • • • Feb 75 Machine Intelligence -- Promise or Delusion? • • • • • • • . • • • . • • • • • • Jul 7 5 CAMINO Electronic Warfare Terms. • Jul 75 Puzzle -- Crossed Codewords •.~·· •••• Jan 75 Puzzle Can You Make.Out the Name? •• Feb 75 Data and Definitions -- Calling Things by Their Rightful Names ••••••• Nov 74 Puzzle -"i._ ____.IRadiotelepl:J.one._l _____.I Mum s till t e Word! ("The ULTRA Secret") , ___ .-o .- • • • Jun 75 • • • • • • • • • Dec 75 EO 1.4. ( c) December 75 * CRYPTOLOG * Page 18 P.L. 86-36 SECRET llA11El1'E 't'IA €8MIN'f €1tJ!d4NEL~ t'll4Li _.I____ -~ - -· --.c.______. DOCID: 4009727 SECRE't' Mary Roberta Irwin ,__...,..._...,=--__.! Are We Wasting Linguistic Time? , • May 75 c~~~~~~~~,-- 9u Ha:e an Exort.t~ call Oct x 75 William J, Jackson The TEXTA Data Base • • • • • • • • Aug 74 I An Approach to Callsign Analysis, • • Dec 74 C~=~~~~~;~f yj etnam Ody$re~ • • • >. • 0 Oct 75 I·· ...... _1r.n::--::t:i:h~e~T~eaching ; : ;~ 1i tt:";-. L.....,N""e-w--::T:-r-e-n""l'd_s of Crypt ana 1ys is > ,',, P .L. 86-36 • • • • • • • , , , • Nov 74 The SIGINT User'.s .. HandhOOJc:::::·.··· .- P.L. 86-36 or, What's an Ishtar?; , • < . , . . Jan 75 George John , ,,,, , ,... .. ····· ../ ,/ Flag-Waving Programmer ••••••• • • Dec 74 I ,,,, .. ······· Tne Fa1tnrul Echo - The/R~1e of the State Department ,Interpreter • • Feb 75 Purity of the Russian Language -::: Slavophiles vs. Westernizers •••• Nov 74 ~------"'T"--..L-',,,.------i RAPIDTRAN --1 / I I I • , ,,Jul 75 "Codeword" or "COMINT Channels"? May 75 Language Lessons Learned--A Personal Memoir • • • Oct 75 Nov 75 ...... ,,,,...._ _..,--:~I ···.... EO 1. 4 • ( c ) Character Building in the People'sP.L. 86-36 Republic of China '',,,,,, ..,.,· ,.,, Reflections on a Translators' Conference; Nov 74 co:::author:1..l______.V ~ .. .. ~ ~ : • ,Oct 74 ,::::°'"'"'""" :;·•.;::;;:;;iil••"P.L. Francis T. Leahy 1p.-...,.....,,,...-...,,.,--~~I .. ·.. · ...... """ 86-36 A Proposal for Calendar Reform. • • • • Dec 74 A Conun Change at Riiiiiasun Staticm~ · ••• ,Apr 75 .. ,······· I The Yawn of the Computer Age Golden Oldies -- Blue Russian • • • • • Nov 75 or, When Your Terminal Is Termiri:il w Jan 75 •' - Ir------, The Language of Beisbol in Everyday Talk Golden Oldies -- King Eusyb and Queen Deodi Co-author: Ramon Santiago-Ortiz. • • Aug 74 Sep 74 The Case for COMINT Readers • Jan 75 Too Many Garbles. • • • , • • • • • • • Jul 75 Frederic O. Mason, Jr. TA, Handmaiden of CA. • • • • • • • May 75 Ramon Santiago-Ortiz More on Squaring the Page (A Crypto - TA The Language of Beisbol in Everyday Talk Function). • • • • • • • • • • • Jun 75 Co-author: I L:• J ' '.'.'. ~ : ~ :::: A~i 14"''" p •L • 8 6-3 6 Abdul and His 40 Tanks. • ••••• Aug 75 ~----="----,1 ,,,.. ,,, .. ,,. .... ,, l""i""ri_g_A~l:":l:"--:S:":!RAs Sympo~i~m ------,, 1-""'c"'"a"""l.... ! SRA Aug 74 Profess1onahnng in Computer Syste111s • Jun 75 1-.. ------, 1 Basic Patterns i~ I , ,,.., . ,,.... ~odes and Ciphers.... 'L::::=:=:::::::::::::::::::::::::::::;------Ei-- 3'""".--,,..·~· · " · ·,, I Nov 75 • • • • ----••••••• Feb 75 lo- EO 1.4. (c) r-.,..------:--='I p. L. 8 6 - 3 6 I Letters to the Editor ,:;,"' Intern Program Apr 75 .....,L,..,i,..n_g_u..,.i_s.,.t_s___ _-T-we Need an EXperts Yellow Pages! ------. . . . . • • . • . . • . . • • • • • • • Aug 75 I,,,. .,., __,,, ...... 1972-73--A Vietnam Odyssey ,, ,, ,,, ,,,,, , ; •• Doris E. Miller ~ -O~:t 11 Co-author: Ll______.h ... 75 P .L. 8 6 - 3 6 The Voynich Manuscript -- Third Theory . Aug 75 Marjorie Mountjoy Sep r..--A-o_w_C_le_a_n_D_o_e_s___,a I~ ~~~ ~~s~ Need To Be?. Jan 75 Cryptanalysis and Code Recovery • • • • 74 Tim Murphy !..------., ./// Automation of a TA Process. Oct 75 IL..,,P,...r_o_c_e-ss-i.-.n-g:l::-:_-:_~::::::::::::::::JI EO i.4 • ( c ) 36 I Communications ••••••••• P ·,L Au~ °'5 Letters to the Editor -- etter on Bookbreakers I • 75 I I 75 1--~"":"':'".... 11 , MllY- 1... .-- --·A,. ug Replacement of t he GUPPY Library. • • • Feb Letters to the Editor -- Rebutta l ..• , ;· 75 December 75 * CRYPTOLOG * Page 19 P . L . 86- 36 SECRET lbltNBl::E '/IA eeMirff 8IbltllliEl::5 61'1::¥ DOCID: 4009727 SECRE'f .'J? Computers. Comms. and Low-Grade Ciphers l 11.. ______.-1.-. _o_c... [;5 ,______....TL •• No~ 75 John B. Thomas, Jr LCDR James T. Westwood A Fix for the Language Problem? • • • • Aug 75 What Are We About? (Fragments, Figments, or What?) •••••••••••••• Dec 75 Brig. John H. Tiltman A Personal Comment on Winterbotham's Edward S. Wiley "The ULTRA Secret" • • • • • •••• Dec 75 The Do Xa Pads . . • • • • • • • • Oct 75 ..______.• I Review of "Guide to Russian Techrifca:I · · The Great Se>yiet Shipbuilding Myst~I)' • Dec 75 Translation," by Arthur J. Salemme • Feb 75 ...... · ··································· ········ 1~... ~t';;ei'it't:t-;e;rs;.... "";tf:::'o the Editor .... · P.L. 86- 36 thf Editor -- . .. .. Citizens of th.e World. • : letter oh Book breakers. , May 75 I I Right-to-Left Text Sorts Are Not Impossible Oral Reporting: A New Challenge for NSA Apr 75 • • • • • • • • o • • • • • • • • • • • Aug 74 If your name is not included in the Ziat of authors' names, and you 'ha.ve an idea for an artiaZe about a subjeat t'ha.t 'ha.an 't been dealt with yet in CRYPTOLOG: U+R -U Write t'ha.t article now and send it to: Editor, CRYPTOLOG, Pl December 75 * CRYPTOLOG * Page 20 813CRE'f l!A.'IBl=JE VIA E6MIWt' ElbldmEL9 811h¥ / P . L . 86-36 DOCID: 4009727 'f OP SBCRl3'f UMBRA . (c) THE GREAT SOVIET SHIPBUILDING MYSTEJ.T. 4 I J P16 _// P . L. 86-36 ( December 75 ' * CRYPTOLOG * Page 21 'FOP SECRE'f UMBRA I j___ ------· ~----.:.-· · .. ·--·- : .. - ·-·-· -··· · ·-:-.:.· .. _.. --.·.:. DOCID· 4009727 TOP SECREf UMBRA Remember t}zat in the Soviet Union, too, engineli:rs don't do things/ the way anybody else does. "BEh" (the name of the letter) and ... VEh" as we 9rdinary tele phone users have in distinguishing between English "em" and "en." But the transcriber of Russian voice has yet another problem (those Russian engineers agai11!). The n.ames of Latin Editor's note : Russian phonetic alphabets, like English ones, letters, as spoken in Russian, don't sound like ''ay," "bee," reduce ambiguiiy ("BORIS" sounds different from "VLADIMIR," "see" at all. Instead, they are based on the French names of just as "Mary" sounds different from "Nancy"). Since the letters. Hence, Latin H, as pronounced by ~ Russian engi •phonetic alphabets are not used universally, transcribers of neer, is not like the English "aitch," but h1 "ASh" (French Russian voice often have as much trouble distinguishing between "ache"); Y is not "wye," but "IGREK" (F\~nch "y grec."). December 75 * CRYPTOLOG * Page 22 EO 1. 4. ( c) P. L . 86-36 TOP SBCRB'I' UMBRA fP.L. 86-36 DOCID: 4009727 SBCRE'f ,9 ~collection and dissem~nation_of de~ense of timeliness, uniqueness, and fidelity, that intelligence, or any other kind of intelligence, is, the faithful reflection of the enemy's in does not have to be especially complicated, so tentions and activities. long as certain fundamental principles and goals are kept in mind. Defense intelligence, in Intelligence, in whatever form and from what which NSA/CSS and the Service Cryptologic Ser ever source, is a service provided to decision vices are heavily involved, should seek to makers. Decision-makers are civilian and mili answer certain elemental questions in peacetime, tary officials with distinct responsibility and wartime, or several other somewhat nebulous "times" personal accountability for solving problems between peace and war. These questions include: that affect the public welfare. To make effec tive deployment of the people and property con • Do we have an enemy/adversary? If we do, stituting their responsibility, the decision who is he and why is he an opponent? makers need certain information, much of which we have come to call intelligence. But this in ( : • Where is he and in what strength? telligence is not an end in itself. It does not • What are his intentions? exist to promote and serve itself. It exists to • What are his perceptions of himself, give decision-makers the best it can provide in his own purposes and goals? the way of current, accurate, reliable informa tion to answer the vital questions they have to • Are his intentions consistent with his answer. Additionally, and by its very nature, strength (capability)? If not, might he intellig~nce must be anonymous and quiet. A be practicing deception.? secret is best kept by not revealing it. Mr. Within defense intelligence, the business of Colby was recently quoted as saying, "Intelli signals intelligence is to "read the enemy's gence. . . will not work if exposed." mail." This assumes that there is a bona fide There is no small amount of confusion and enemy. Given the U.S. national interests, resultant ineffectiveness at large in the intel reading the enemy's mail requires a massive ef ligence business today because of the tendency fort. For one thing, it takes a vast amount of intelligence producers to provide intelligence of mail to yield real nuggets of value on a users with too much, too fast, too often -- continuing basis. It follows that, if the that is, because of the "shotgun" approach. processing and reporting effort ever catches up This tendency results from our attempt to cover with the collection effort, we would be in real ourselves against the possibility that we might trouble because we would certainly have the cart fail to tell somebody something that he really before the horse. There is, however, a sometimes needs to know. Morever, because we aolleat a overlooked proviso in this relationship: Any lot of intelligence, we feel compelled to major SIGINT effort whose thrust is not in line process a lot. That leads to wanting to report with reading the enemy's mail (in an admittedly a lot, and, in turn, to inundating the user with broad sense) is probably superfluous and ought so much intelligence that he cannot give certain to be redirected or abolished, because resources portions of it the necessary attention. This are limited and we must, therefore, keep expen gi ves rise to certain attendant problems: This ditures of those resources tied to our funda tendency to broadfire intelligence then ~ead s mental purposes. to the tendency for intelligence producers t o Of course, "reading the mail" is a figurative dictate , however subtly or i ndirectly, how much phrase. It does not mean just CA and TA. It of what kind of intelligence the users shall means all that we do with men and machines that receive and, moreover, in what format and at allows SIGINT to work its effectiveness in terms December 75 * CRYPTOLOG * Page 23 SECRET llitl:HBLE VIA eO!t!llfT eltA14!4f:L" 014L I DOCID: 4009727 SECRE'f what rate they shall receive it. These tenden consider to be useful. Intelligence production cies are especially visible in terms of SIGINT today is much more efficient than ever before, support to military commanders. The result in given our increasing reliance on automatic data this instance is that we make military command processing. Whether it is also effective is ers passive recipients of intelligence. An another question. Effectiveness is the accom active role, with conunanders saying, "This is plishment of objectives -- the satisfaction of what I want to know and this is how much I want," requirements. Machines are not a substitute for is precluded by a deluge of "This is what we human judgment. Decision-makers want to know want you to have." If this is drawn out to its that human judgment has been brought to bear ultimate conclusion, the presumed goal of to weigh the significance of the intelligence "increased accessibility to intelligence prod that is being machine-processed so efficiently uct by decision-makers at all levels" is unat for them. tainable. Tactically, the fundamental questions have Those who pay close attention to dissemina not changed since Moses sent spies into the Land tion might disclaim the existence of these ten of Canaan: Where is the enemy and in what dencies. They might attempt to explain the strength? Strategically, basic questions per present situation by splitting intelligence sist: What are our interests and what and how into "tactical" and "strategic." But the dif much do we need to know about threats to those ference between "tactical" and "strategic," to interests? my mind, lies not so much in the nature and content of the intelligence itself, as in the What are we about, then? We are about the level or scope of the decision-making that the business of providing intelligence service to intelligence is supposed to serve. For example, decision-makers. We ourselves are not those was it tactical or was it strategic intelligence decision-makers and we must resist the tendency which foretold the Chinese crossing of the Yalu to confuse roles. It is not in the nature of River into Korea? Obviously, it was both: it our business to decide what is strategic and was tactically useful intelligence to the what is tactical. We have skills and facilities field commanders in Korea, and it was also that can respond to intelligence needs at vari strategically useful intelligence to the Presi ous levels, often simultaneously, but not by dent and his Cabinet. We do our SIGINT profes saturation. sion an immense disservice when we fragment SIGINT is part of a larger intelligence busi our efforts and our product into pieces and ness which, itself, requires us intelligence parts in an attempt to serve two or more users, producers to integrate our efforts and to tailor for example, the tactical commander and the our production and dissemination to answer the national decision-maker. fundamental, but related, questions posed by a Perhaps we should devote some time away from variety of users. Those users can best be the production process in order to get from all served from the same, single set of resources our users a clearer idea of what they would if we all appreciate what we are about. ------.- --~------·------·--· ------ NSA COMPUTER SYSTEMS INTERN PROGRAM The Intern Panel Advisory Board (IPAB) has established a new monthly publication, the Computer Systems Intern Newsletter, in order to provide "lines of communication both to and from the Interns themselves" and "to better inform and advise those associated with the Computer Systems Intern Program." The publication is classified FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY and began with the September 1975 issue. Anyone who would like to receive back issues or to be put on the ._/ distribution list should contact the Editor ,I JR214, 3460s (F9H9) or 3469s. P.L. 86-36 December 75 * CRYPTOLOG * Page 24 SECRET '111\'.NBLE 'IIA: eeMHff Elh'tfHlHS 9tlbY . . DOCID: 4009727 UNCLASSIFIED LINGUISTS FROM THE MELTING POT By ...__I______, For several years, NSAers who grade two chapters dealing with this subject as it language hiring examinations have noted concerns Italian-Americans. Since the general that people's names do not always match situation presented may be considered typical up with their expected language ability: of many immigrant groups, I have gisted them an applicant named, say, Yamashita can briefly below. score horrendously on the Japanese hiring examination, and someone named Olivetti Italians who visit the United States and can do just as badly on the Italian. But come in contact with others who have settled it is often difficult to convince managers here for one or two generations are amazed, commissioned to "solve the language prob puzzled, and sometimes horrified at the lan lem" that the solution to, say, the guage they hear used by those who, like them, "Russian language problem" is not just a call themselves Italians. It is the same matter of running out and hiring 100 impression as that received by visitors, American citizens with names like Ivanov journalists, and consular employees who came and Fedorenko. The following article by here in decades past. What they heard was I j(NsA··retiree)·1··which···is not Ita:liart, it was riot dialect, riOr was Tt: P.L. 86-36 reprinted from Keyword (November 1971), even English; still it was at the same ti~e deals with some of the reasons why Ameri a little Italian, a little dialect (and this cans with foreign surnames often show a varied from place to place and sometimes from surprising lack of knowledge about the person to person), but it regularly revealed language they supposedly picked up at an English-language base, pronounced in the their mother's or grandmother's knee. Italian fashion, that is to say an English It is a common belief that since a large root, with the round, vowel endings of Ital part of the United States population is made up of ian. For example there was: immigrants and the child:t>en of-immigrants there contrattore contractor is a ready source of foreign-language talent for la tracca track any emergency. To a degree this is true, but la grosseria grocery the source has many limitations. Any language il bordante boarder must undergo changes if its speakers are moved Their amazement increased when they found to a strange environment, and the speech of the this jargon written (often only approximately) immigrants to the United States is no exception. in restaurant menus, the classified ads of Ital If you examine the "Help Wanted" section of ian-American newspapers, and even in official the German-American press, for example, you documents of American authorities who wanted to will find a large number of English words used be understood by Italian immigrants. "American to designate skills or crafts. At first there Italian" was a deformation of English rather seems to be no pattern in the choice of German than an adaptation of Italian. It was the re or English words, but the existence of Backer sult of the effort made by a mass of poor and geselle (journeyman baker) in one advertisement ignorant country people, dependent upon employ not far from another that seeks an erstklassigen ers who spoke a foreign language, to make them body-and-fend~r-Mann (first-class body and selves understood by the latter and by their fender man) suggests that the borrowings are own fellow workers. in response to a world of labor in which there Anthony Turano, an American writer of is a greater, or perhaps only different, spe Italian origin, observed very correctly that cialization. For the unfamilia:r specialty the the rural origin of most immigrants made a immigrant has a choice of coining a new word mechanical vocabulary difficult for them. To in his own language, or simply of borrowing express their needs the southern Italian peas directly from the other tanguage. There are ants were compelled to use English terms, still other means of meeting the problem. since they had never known the Italian equiva- The book I Trapiantati (The Transplanted), lents. But in adopting the English terms they written by Giuseppe Prezzolini, an Italian transformed them, as best they could, by making foreign correspondent in New York, and published them phonetically similar to Italian. Turano by Longanesi & Co., Milano, 1963, contains distinguished three categories of borrowings: December 75 * CRYPTOLOG * Page 25 UNCLASSIFIED UNCLASSIFIED •words remote from the immigrant's former late the jargon of the Italian-American working life: man. In the Bolletino della Seria in 1917, ad vertisements are found for: sexa, sesaia (railroad) section roncio ranch saeper>i shapers (of garments) r>odomastr>o roadmaster pressator>i pressers sottopr>essatori pressers' helpers • words for things unknown to him before he came to America: There ;;ere also to be seen advertisements for a mezzo-barista (a man to work half a day in a f ensa fence bar). In these pages a country place was always morigheggio mortgage a fa:rma (farm). Heating was done with stima • words that stuck in the immigrant's mind (steam, but meaning in Italian esteem), and a by dint of constant repetition, even though frequent advertisement was for sale of a aasa he knew the corresponding Italian words: senza stima -- a house without heat or without esteem, depending on how well you understood striitto street American English. denso dance Cal"T'O car This occurs less and less frequently. Such expressions have almost disappeared from the There is also a well-known linguistic phe classified advertisements of Il Progr>esso nomenon by which a people when it accepts a Italo-Americano, not because the older genera foreign word finds one in its own language which tion doesn't still use them, but because that is similar to it and which it adapts to the new generation no longer has to work. The new use even though it may have a completely dif generation of Italians who are looking for ferent meaning. For example, work know Italian pretty well and do not need the job opportunities translated into jargon. s()i,abola (saber) shove1 1 Nobody is trying to buy a fruttistenne (fruit olivetta (kind of sausage) elevator, elevated stand) any more. tonno (tuna fish) tunnel .__... Prezzolini feeZs tha.t the whole of this At times the marriage of English and Italian interlingua wiU pl"obabiy ha.ve ceased to exist involves a dialect, as in the case of aoppastese within a few qenerations, since the mor>e reaent (Neapolitan 'nauop + English stair>s), upstail"s; immigrants (much fewer in nwnber) a:tTive under or coppetane ('ncuop +English toum), uptoum. quite different aircumstances. In Italy they The Sicilians, however, do not use this expres ha.ve learned the Zogiaal bases of the Italian sion, but instead say oppitauni. language (it must be remembered tha.t a large par>t of the older ilTVTligration was illiteriate) In making a list of words in the American and here, as soon as they go to school -- even Italian jargon, it is easy to see that the the adults -- they learn English and are (quot proportion of adjectives to nouns is very ing Prezzolini) the first to be horrified at small -- much smaller than in either Italian or the cl"wie linguistia mixture of their pl"edeces English. ~e inunigrant had to be able to ex sors. Undoubtedly, the language he describes press pezge (dollars), or bosso (boss), but will vanish sinae it was baaed on the souther>n not necessarily "pretty" or "good" or "true" or dialects of Italian and was the hasty creation "false." Orr>e! (Hurray!), an expression from of peasants abruptly thrust into an urban the American-Italian variety shows, barely re world. The newer> immigrants mor>e frequently veals a feeling of admiration,. and naise (nice) speak stan.daX'd Italian and are literate, often a favorable opinion. aultured people. So long as their' Italian is a tool used in a foreign society, though, it must At .first, newspapers in the Italian language adapt, and it wiU evolve into an American adhered fairly closely to standard Italian, but Italian much different from the parent language. after about 1900 the flood of classified adver tisements made it impossible to conceal or t.rans- With some exceptions, the immigrants of any nationa.lity are mu.ah mor>e concerned with earn 1 ing a living, raising a family, buying a aar, Another observer mentioned his amazement or any of a host of other things than they are at being told by an immigrant countryman that in preser>Ving the purity of their> native lan there was plenty of work in the United States guages. Their childr>en will necessarily speak for a man who knew how to use picca e scia.bola, a t:r>uncated language, adequate fol" the needs of which in Italian means "pike and saber," but in the family or neighborhood, but shot through American Italian, "pick and shovel." (R.E.G.) i.rith wol"ds bol"l"owed or transformed from English. 2pezze may be used because of Spanish peso. The value of the fdmily-trained linguist to The word was commonly used in Nevada in a rudi SIGINT should not be undel"estimated beaause of mentary Spanish-Italian jargon used by immi these limitations, but at the same time it grant laborers of both nationalities when work should be l"ecognized that this source produces ing together. Saudi and dollari were used by only riaw material tha.t ~st be tmined and other Italian speakers, as I recall. (R.E.G.) developed. December 75 * CRYPTOLOG * Page 26 UNCLASSIFIED DOCID: 4009727 CO~FIB:EN'flAL I CLA ESSAY CONTEST The tenth annual essay contest of the Crypto WORD. Any NSA or SCA employee (CLA member or Linguistic Association is now open. Papers wiU nonmember) and any non.employee CLA member may be accepted until 19 March 1976. A panel of enter the contest. three judges will select the three best, which Three copies will be CD.Ua.J'ded prizes of $100, $50, and $25 at the CLA's spring meeting. Every entry will be of the manuscript considered for publication in whichever of the (preferably typed), Agency publications is most appropriate for its together with any content and style. necessary graph ics, should be The purpose of the contest is to encourage submitted to the writing on topics concerning application of CLA Secretary, linguistic knowledge to the solution of Ageney P.L. 86-36 related problems. Any writing on cryptology or a significantly related topic may be entered. Room B5B21, Tel. Papers may be classified up to TOP SECRET CODE- 8560s. (UNCLASSIFIED) CAA-VVhat'S that? "That" is the Communications Analysis Asso So far this 1975-1976 lecture year, the CAA ciation, one of the Agency's Learned Organiza has sponsored the following lectures: tions. The CAA was established in 1968 "to promote increased professionalism in the career • "GUARDRAIL" (CoL Norman Campbell), fields of Traffic Analysis and SIGINT Research" • "Changing Emphasis in the USAFSS" by encouraging professional contact among its (Maj. Gen. H. P. Smith), and members and specialists in related fields; by • "SIGINT in Vietnam: Lessons Unlearned" conducting workshops and lectures; by encourag P.L. 86-36 ing the writing of technical papers to document the disciplines; and by recognizing those who All three lectures drew standing-room-only audi advance the art and science of traffic analysis ences of members and nonmembers to the Friedman and SIGINT research. Membership in the CAA was Auditorium. The Association, under its President, originally restricted to professionals and as Frank Smead, is outlining a program of lectures pirants in TA and SR in the U.S. Cryptologic and other activities for 1976 which will be in family and collaborating agencies, but it was keeping with the organization's stated objec later opened to those in the related fields of tives. Signals Collection, Signals Analysis, Cryptanal Anyone interested in joining the CAA ysis, etc. At one time the Association pub should call its Treasurer, Tim Murphy, on lished the technical magazine COMMAND, now in 4787s or its Secretary, Jane Dunn, on 8025s corporated into CRYPTOLOG. for more information. December 75 * CRYPTOLOG * Page 27 CONPIBEN~IAI:. DOCID: 4009727 UNCLASSIFIED from the PubUsher and Board of Editors of CRYPTOWG to aU our readers, and a special word of thanks to those who shared their knowledge with their coworkers in this year's issues (initials of contributors of 19?5 articles, letters to the editor, eta. are on the tree ornaments). December 75 * CRYPTOLOG * Page 28 UNCLASSIFIED Pl-Nov 75-53-24264 'flllS 90Ct:JMSN'f €0N'fAINS €0BSW0RB MA'fERIAh TOP SECRET ' _._,_. __