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Biomimicry in Environmental Architecture Exploring the Concept and Methods of the Bio-Inspired Environmental Architectural Design

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Biomimicry in Environmental Architecture Exploring the Concept and Methods of the Bio-Inspired Environmental Architectural Design BIOMIMICRY IN ENVIRONMENTAL ARCHITECTURE EXPLORING THE CONCEPT AND METHODS OF THE BIO-INSPIRED ENVIRONMENTAL ARCHITECTURAL DESIGN by Ayat Abdul Rahim Al-Jawhary Ahmed Sheta A Thesis Submitted to the Faculty of Engineering at Cairo University in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of MASTER OF SCIENCE In ARCHITECTURAL ENGINEERING FACULTY OF ENGINEERING, CAIRO UNIVERSITY GIZA, EGYPT July 2010 BIOMIMICRY IN ENVIRONMENTAL ARCHITECTURE EXPLORING THE CONCEPT AND METHODS OF THE BIO-INSPIRED ENVIRONMENTAL ARCHITECTURAL DESIGN by Ayat Abdul Rahim Al-Jawhary Ahmed Sheta A Thesis Submitted to the Faculty of Engineering at Cairo University in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of MASTER OF SCIENCE In ARCHITECTURAL ENGINEERING UNDER THE SUPERVISION OF Prof. Dr. Baha’a El Din Hafeth Bakry Prof. Dr. Ahmed Ahmed Fekry Professor of Architectural Design, Professor of Architectural Design, Faculty of Engineering, Cairo University Faculty of Engineering, Cairo University FACULTY OF ENGINEERING, CAIRO UNIVERSITY GIZA, EGYPT July 2010 II BIOMIMICRY IN ENVIRONMENTAL ARCHITECTURE EXPLORING THE CONCEPT AND METHODS OF THE BIO-INSPIRED ENVIRONMENTAL ARCHITECTURAL DESIGN by Ayat Abdul Rahim Al-Jawhary Ahmed Sheta A Thesis Submitted to the Faculty of Engineering at Cairo University in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of MASTER OF SCIENCE In ARCHITECTURAL ENGINEERING Approved by the Examining Committee ____________________________________ Prof. Dr. Baha’a El Din Hafeth Bakry, Thesis Main Advisor. ____________________________________ Prof. Dr. Ahmed Ahmed Fekry, Member. ____________________________________ Prof. Dr. M. Medhat Dorra, Member. ____________________________________ Prof. Dr. Mohsen Abdel Hamid Tawfik, Member. FACULTY OF ENGINEERING, CAIRO UNIVERSITY GIZA, EGYPT July 2010 III CONTENTS Page LIST OF TABLES …………………………………………………..…...…..…...... V LIST OF FIGURES ………………………………………………………….…...... VIII LIST OF SYMBOLS AND ABREVIATION…………………………………...… XVIII FORWARD…………………………………………………………………….…..... XIX ACKNOWLEDGMENT............................................................………................... XX ABSTRACT …………………………………………………………….…....….… XXI NEW TERMS ………………………….......................................…………….…… XXII INTRODUCTION ..................................................................……...............…… XXVII CHAPTER ONE: BIOMIMICRY……………………………………………….. 1 1.1.Definition of Biomimicry………………………..……….….……. 1 1.2.Principles of Natural Designs …………………………………….. 4 CHAPTER TWO: BIOMIMICRY AS AN APPROACH FOR ARCHITECTURAL ENVIRONMENTAL DESIGN……. 42 2.1. Levels of Biomimicry …………...………...………...………….…… 42 2.2. Fields of Application in Environmental Architecture ………...……… 70 CHAPTER THREE: BIOMIMETIC DESIGN METHODS…………..………. 76 3.1. Biomimetic Methods for Solving Design Problems…………………… 80 3.1.1. Direct Method……………………………………………….. 81 3.1.2. Indirect Method……………………………………………… 94 3.2. Biomimetic Methods for Solving Design Contradictions……………… 95 3.2.1. TRIZ Method………………………………………………… 95 3.2.2. BioTRIZ Method……………………………………………. 126 CHAPTER FOUR: APPLICATION TO BIOMIMETIC ARCHITECTURAL ENVIRONMENTAL DESIGN USING TRIZ AND BIOTRIZ……………………………………………...……… 156 4.1. Forming the Conflicts……………….…………….………..…………… 157 4.2. Looking up the Conflicts in TRIZ Matrix …………………..………… 159 4.3. Looking up the Conflicts in BioTRIZ Matrix …………………..……… 172 CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS…………………..…………… 225 BIBLIOGRAPHY………………………………………………………………… 229 APPENDICES……………………………………………………………………… 237 IV LIST OF TABLES Page Chapter One: Table (1-1) Calculations for Divisions of the Fibonacci Numbers… 32 Chapter Two: Table (2-1) Framework of Biomimicry Levels……………….…….. 51 Table (2-2) Form Dimension in Biomimicry Levels…………….…. 53 Table (2-3) Process and Function Dimension In Biomimicry Levels 54 Chapter Three: Table (3-1) Biological Solution Search Techniques.………… ……. 82 Table (3-2) Comparison between the Two Methodologies of the 90 Problem-Driven Design Process………………. Table (3-3) TRIZ Contradiction Matrix……………………. 104 Table (3-4) PRIZM Matrix Derived from Standard TRIZ Matrix. … 127 Table (3-5) PRIZM Matrix Derived from Biological Effects ……… 127 Table (3-6) Distribution of Altshuller’s Conflict Features and Inventive Principles to the PRIZM Categories…………..... 128 Table (3-7) Percentage Participation of the Six Feature in the Solutions of Engineering and Biological Problems…...…... 136 Table (3-8) The Six Features Ordered According to Their Percentage Participation in the Solutions to the Biological Contradictions in The Scale of 1m-1km. …………… 136 Table (3-9) Distribution of Altshuller’s Inventive Principles to the PRIZM Categories. …………..…………….....……..….. 137 Table (3-10) Biomimetic Contradiction Solving Form. …………… 140 Table (3-11) Looking up TRIZ Matrix in a Radiative Cooling Task. 145 V Table (3-12) Inventive Principles Recommended by TRIZ to Solve Four Contradictions of Total 12 Contradictions That Was Formed in a Radiative Cooling Task. …………………….. 145 Table (3-13) Looking up PRISM in a Radiative Cooling Task. ..…….. 146 Table (3-14) Inventive Principles Recommended By PRISM to Solve the Four Contradictions Formed in A Radiative Cooling 146 Task……………………………………………………...… Table (3-15) Looking up BioTRIZ in a Radiative Cooling Task. .……. 146 Table (3-16) Inventive Principles Recommended by BioTRIZ to Solve The Four Contradictions Formed in a Radiative Cooling 147 Task....................................................................................... Table (3-17) The Inventive Principles Offered by All Three Matrices . 147 Chapter Four Table (4-1) Looking up the three conflicts in TRIZ Contradiction Matrix. ………………………………………………….… 160 Table (4-2) Distribution of Altshuller’s Conflict Features to the BioTRIZ Categories-Looking up "Stress versus Object Affected and/or Generated Harmful" Conflict………..…... 172 Table (4-3) BioTRIZ. Matrix- Looking up Energy versus Information" Conflict…......………......………...........…… 173 Table(4-4) Distribution of Altshuller’s Conflict Features to the BioTRIZ Categories- Looking up "Temperature versus Loss of Energy" Conflict………………………...…...…… 198 Table (4-5) BioTRIZ Matrix-Looking up Energy versus Energy Conflict…………………...………………...……...……… 199 Table (4-6): Inventive Principles Suggested by TRIZ and BioTRIZ Matrices to solve the proposed Problem “Heat Gain Regulation through the Building Envelope”………………. 212 VI Table (4-7) Major Recommendations by TRIZ and BioTRIZ to the Proposed Problem, “Heat Gain Regulation through the Building Envelope”………………………………….…..... 213 Table (4-8) Table (4-8) Inventive Principles Recommended by TRIZ and BioTRIZ to Solve the Proposed problem “Heat Gain Regulation through the building Envelope” ……………… 220 Appendices: Table: (a-1) Biomimetic Contradiction Solving Form, Applied for the Cat Paw Wheel Case Study. ……………………………… 239 Table (a-2): A List of Some Biomimetic Buildings. ……………..…… 257 VII LIST OF FIGURES Page Introduction: Figure (i-1) “Velcro”, Registered Mark Fastener Inspired by Burrs Being Stuck to the Fur of a Dog……………………….. VIII Figure (i-2) Closer Image to the Burr Seed and the Velcro Fastener Hooks and Loops….……………………..………….. VIII Figure (i-3) Cat’s Eye. …………………………………………… VIII Figure (i-4) “Cat’s Eye” Registered Mark Inspired by the Eyes of Cats….… ……………………………………………. VIII Figure (i-5) The Nano Structure of the Gecko Toe. ……………… VIII Figure (i-6) DaimlerChrysler Bionic Car Inspired by the Box Fish and Tree Growth Patterns…..……….............................. VIII Figure (i- 7) Construction Inspired by Nature………….…………… VIII Figure (i-8) Eastgate Building after Termite Mound…………….… VIII Figure (i-9) Lotusan Paint after Lotus Flower Self Cleaning VIII mechanism…………………………………………….. Figure (i-10) Janine M. Benyus……………………………………… VIII Figure (i-11) Julian Vincent……………………………………..…… VIII Figure (i-12) Thesis Structure……………………………….…...…… XXXVI Chapter One 1.2.Principles of Natural Designs: Figure (1-1) Daffodil and Solar Bear…………….……………..…… 6 Figure (1-2) CH2 Building Runs on Sun and Wind….……….…….. 8 Figure (1-3) National Space Centre Exhibition and Research Complex…………………………………………….…. 10 Figure (1-4) Depth of Blubber in Centimeters. ……………….......... 10 VIII Figure (1-5) Economic Carpet Tiles Inspired by Forest Floor. ….... 12 Figure (1-6) Namibian Desert Beetle …………….......................... 12 Figure (1-7) The Alternating Hydrophobic-Hydrophilic Surface of the Namibian Beetle’s Back ……................…………. 13 Figure (1-8) The Hydrologic Cycle …..…………........................... 14 Figure (1-9) Tower of Tomorrow ……….……..........................….. 14 Figure (1-10) Simbiotic Relationships in the Industrial City at Kalundborg…………………………………………..…. 16 Figure (1-11) The Industrial Ecosystem at Kalundborg. ...………...… 17 Figure (1-12) 2211 West 4th Building, Vancouver, B.C…………..…. 19 Figure (1-13) Eastgate Office Building after Termite Mound……..… 21 Figure (1-14) Great Ruins of Zimbabwe…………………………….... 22 Figure (1-15) Eastgate Façade Patterns after the Great Ruins of Zimbabwe……………………………………..…..…..… 22 Figure (1-16) Lattice Work in Human Bone Inspired Architectural Works………………………………………………..…. 23 Figure (1-17) Honeycombs Hexagonal Shape. …………………….… 24 Figure (1-18) Network Creation in Radiolaria and Fuller’s Dome .…. 26 Figure (1-19) Iterations in the Fractal Image. …………………….….. 26 Figure (1-20) Fractals………………………..………………………... 27 Figure (1-21) Floor of the Cathedral of Anagni Follows the Sierpinski Gasket …………………………………………………..… 28 Figure (1-22) Three-Dimensional Fractal Generation of a
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