Кто Они, Булоцзи (Buluoji) И Цзе (Jie) / Цзи (Ji) В Китайские Династические Истории
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The Evolution of Mathematics in Ancient China: from the Newly Discovered Shu and Suan Shu Shu Bamboo Texts to the Nine Chapters
The Evolution of Mathematics in Ancient China: From the Newly Discovered Shu and Suan shu shu Bamboo Texts to the Nine Chapters on the Art of Mathematics*,† by Joseph W. Dauben‡ The history of ancient Chinese mathematics and texts currently being conserved and studied at its applications has been greatly stimulated in Tsinghua University and Peking University in Beijing, the past few decades by remarkable archaeological the Yuelu Academy in Changsha, and the Hubei discoveries of texts from the pre-Qin and later Museum in Wuhan, it is possible to shed new light periods that for the first time make it possible to on the history of early mathematical thought and its study in detail mathematical material from the time applications in ancient China. Also discussed here are at which it was written. By examining the recent developments of new techniques and justifications Warring States, Qin, and Han bamboo mathematical given for the problems that were a significant part of the growing mathematical corpus, and which * © 2014 Joseph W. Dauben. Used with permission. eventually culminated in the comprehensive Nine † This article is based on a lecture presented in September of 2012 at the Fairbank Center for Chinese Studies at Har- Chapters on the Art of Mathematics. vard University, which was based on a lecture first given at National Taiwan Tsinghua University (Hsinchu, Taiwan) in the Spring of 2012. I am grateful to Thomas Lee of National Chiaotung University of Taiwan where I spent the academic Contents year 2012 as Visiting Research Professor at Chiaota’s Insti- tute for Humanities and Social Sciences, which provided sup- 1 Recent Archaeological Excavations: The Shu port for much of the research reported here, and to Shuchun and Suan shu shu ................ -
An Analysis of the Death Mystery of Huo Qubing, a Famous Cavalry General in the Western Han Dynasty
Journal of Frontiers of Society, Science and Technology DOI: 10.23977/jfsst.2021.010410 Clausius Scientific Press, Canada Volume 1, Number 4, 2021 An Analysis of the Death Mystery of Huo Qubing, a Famous Cavalry General in the Western Han Dynasty Liu Jifeng, Chen Mingzhi Shandong Maritime Vocational College, Weifang, 261000, Shandong, China Keywords: Huo qubing, Myth, Mysterious death Abstract: Throughout his whole lifetime, Huo Qubing created a myth of ancient war, and left an indelible mark in history. But, pitifully, he suddenly died during young age. His whole life was very short, and it seemed that Huo was born for war and died at the end of war. Although he implemented his great words and aspirations “What could be applied to get married, since the Huns haven’t been eliminated?”, and had no regrets for life, still, his mysterious death caused endless questions and intriguing reveries for later generations. 1. Introduction Huo Qubing, with a humble origin, was born in 140 B.C. in a single-parent family in Pingyang, Hedong County, which belongs to Linfen City, Shanxi Province now. He was an illegitimate child of Wei Shaoer, a female slave of Princess Pingyang Mansion, and Huo Zhongru, an inferior official. Also, he was a nephew-in-mother of Wei Qing, who was General-in-chief Serving as Commander-in-chief in the Western Han Dynasty. Huo Qubing was greatly influenced by his uncle Wei Qing. He was a famous military strategist and national hero during the period of Emperor Wudi of the Western Han Dynasty. He was fond of horse-riding and archery. -
Hawai'i Reader In
Traditional Chinese Culture Edited by Victor H. Mair Nancy S. Steinhardt and Paul R. Goldin University of Hawai'i Press Honolulu 34 | Cao Pi, "A Discourse on Literature" CAO PI (187-226) was the second son of the formidable military dictator Cao Cao (155-220), whose story is told in Romance of the Three Kingdoms fSanguoyanyi'), and the elder brother of the poet Cao Zhi (192-232). He ended the puppet rule of the last Eastern Han emperor and founded the Wei dynasty in 220; thus he is also known as Emperor Wen of the Wei. Like his father and brother, Cao Pi was an accomplished writer and poet. His "Discourse on Literature" (Lun wen) survives from a critical work entided A Treatise on the Classics (Dianlun), of which only some frag- ments are extant. One of the most notable things about this essay is Cao Pi's use of the notion of qi, breath or vital force, as a concept of literary criticism that has had an immense influence on classical Chinese literary thought. "A Discourse on Literature" is itself a beautiful literary composition. It is particularly touch- ing because we see in it a writer who was secretly anxious and insecure about the value of his work and the uncertain possibility of immortal fame. A great deal of the first part of the essay is devoted to the reasoning that one's literary talent is an inherent quality that cannot be learned or obtained by hard efforts (li qiang); in the second part of the essay, he claims that a person may achieve literary immortality by exerting himself (qiang li). -
The Later Han Empire (25-220CE) & Its Northwestern Frontier
University of Pennsylvania ScholarlyCommons Publicly Accessible Penn Dissertations 2012 Dynamics of Disintegration: The Later Han Empire (25-220CE) & Its Northwestern Frontier Wai Kit Wicky Tse University of Pennsylvania, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://repository.upenn.edu/edissertations Part of the Asian History Commons, Asian Studies Commons, and the Military History Commons Recommended Citation Tse, Wai Kit Wicky, "Dynamics of Disintegration: The Later Han Empire (25-220CE) & Its Northwestern Frontier" (2012). Publicly Accessible Penn Dissertations. 589. https://repository.upenn.edu/edissertations/589 This paper is posted at ScholarlyCommons. https://repository.upenn.edu/edissertations/589 For more information, please contact [email protected]. Dynamics of Disintegration: The Later Han Empire (25-220CE) & Its Northwestern Frontier Abstract As a frontier region of the Qin-Han (221BCE-220CE) empire, the northwest was a new territory to the Chinese realm. Until the Later Han (25-220CE) times, some portions of the northwestern region had only been part of imperial soil for one hundred years. Its coalescence into the Chinese empire was a product of long-term expansion and conquest, which arguably defined the egionr 's military nature. Furthermore, in the harsh natural environment of the region, only tough people could survive, and unsurprisingly, the region fostered vigorous warriors. Mixed culture and multi-ethnicity featured prominently in this highly militarized frontier society, which contrasted sharply with the imperial center that promoted unified cultural values and stood in the way of a greater degree of transregional integration. As this project shows, it was the northwesterners who went through a process of political peripheralization during the Later Han times played a harbinger role of the disintegration of the empire and eventually led to the breakdown of the early imperial system in Chinese history. -
Archimedes and Liu Hui on Circles and Spheres Joseph W
www.ontologia.net/studies Ontology Studies 10, 2010 21-38 Archimedes and Liu Hui on Circles and Spheres Joseph W. Dauben Department of History Herbert H. Lehman College and Ph.D. Program in History The Graduate Center The City University of New York Reception date / Fecha de recepción: 27-05-2009 Acceptation date / Fecha de aceptación: 22-06-2009 Abstract This article describes the mystery of a long lost codex of Archimedes that resurfaced briefly at the turn of the last century by Johan Ludwig Heiberg. Long enough for the Danish historian of mathematics Heiberg to identify, photograph and eventually transcribe “The Method” and several other works by Archimedes of considerable mathematical interest. In 1879 Heiberg completed his dissertation, Quaestiones Archimedeae, devoted to Archimedes’ life, works, and transmission of his texts. Keywords: Archimedes, Ephodos, Method, Johan Ludwig Heiberg. Resumen. Arquímedes y Hui Liu en torno a círculos y esferas. Este artículo describe el misterio de un códice de Arquímedes perdido hace mucho tiempo que reapareció brevemente a principios del siglo pasado de la mano de Johan Ludwig Heiberg. Tiempo suficiente para que el historiador danés de las matemáticas Heiberg pudiese identificar, fotografiar y, finalmente, transcribir “El Método” y varias otras obras de Arquímedes de interés matemático considerable. En 1879 Heiberg completó su tesis doctoral, Quaestiones Archimedeae, dedicado a la vida de Arquímedes, las obras, y la transmisión de sus textos. Palabras clave: Arquímedes, ephodos, método, Johan Ludwig Heiberg. This story begins with a mystery—the mystery of a long lost codex of Archimedes that resurfaced briefly at the turn of the last century, long enough for the Danish historian of mathematics Johan Ludwig Heiberg to identify, photograph and eventually transcribe “The Method” and several other works by Archimedes of considerable mathematical 22 Ontology Studies 10, 2010 Joseph W. -
Papers Presented All Over World Inc
THE GREAT WALL OF CHINA: The World’s Greatest Boundary Monument! John F. Brock, Australia Keywords: Ancient China, surveyors, Pei Xiu, Liu Hui, The Haidao Suanjing, Great Wall(s) of China, Greatest Boundary Monument. ”… in the endeavors of mathematical surveying, China’s accomplishments exceeded those realized in the West by about one thousand years.” Frank Swetz – last line in The Sea Island Mathematical Manual: Surveying and Mathematics in Ancient China. ABSTRACT It is said that the Great Wall of China is the only manmade structure on Earth which is visible from space (not from the Moon)! The only natural feature similarly identifiable from the outer reaches past our atmospheric zone has been named as Australia’s Great Barrier Reef. This Fig. 1 The moon from The Great Wall instead of natural wonder of the sea is vice versa which cannot actually occur !!! continuous while the Great Wall of China is actually made up of a series of castellated walls mainly erected along ridge lines causing major variations in the levels of its trafficable upper surface. Some of the barriers built are not formed from stone but from rammed earth mounds. The purpose for these walls was primarily to facilitate protection from hostile adjoining tribes and marauding hordes of enemy armies intent on looting and pillaging the coffers of its neighbouring wealthier Chinese Dynasty of the time. As the need for larger numbers of military troops became required to defeat the stronger opponents, which may sometimes have formed alliances, the more astute provincial rulers saw a similar advantage in the unification of the disparate Chinese Provinces particularly during the Ming Dynasty (1368-1644). -
The Transition of Inner Asian Groups in the Central Plain During the Sixteen Kingdoms Period and Northern Dynasties
University of Pennsylvania ScholarlyCommons Publicly Accessible Penn Dissertations 2018 Remaking Chineseness: The Transition Of Inner Asian Groups In The Central Plain During The Sixteen Kingdoms Period And Northern Dynasties Fangyi Cheng University of Pennsylvania, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://repository.upenn.edu/edissertations Part of the Asian History Commons, and the Asian Studies Commons Recommended Citation Cheng, Fangyi, "Remaking Chineseness: The Transition Of Inner Asian Groups In The Central Plain During The Sixteen Kingdoms Period And Northern Dynasties" (2018). Publicly Accessible Penn Dissertations. 2781. https://repository.upenn.edu/edissertations/2781 This paper is posted at ScholarlyCommons. https://repository.upenn.edu/edissertations/2781 For more information, please contact [email protected]. Remaking Chineseness: The Transition Of Inner Asian Groups In The Central Plain During The Sixteen Kingdoms Period And Northern Dynasties Abstract This dissertation aims to examine the institutional transitions of the Inner Asian groups in the Central Plain during the Sixteen Kingdoms period and Northern Dynasties. Starting with an examination on the origin and development of Sinicization theory in the West and China, the first major chapter of this dissertation argues the Sinicization theory evolves in the intellectual history of modern times. This chapter, in one hand, offers a different explanation on the origin of the Sinicization theory in both China and the West, and their relationships. In the other hand, it incorporates Sinicization theory into the construction of the historical narrative of Chinese Nationality, and argues the theorization of Sinicization attempted by several scholars in the second half of 20th Century. The second and third major chapters build two case studies regarding the transition of the central and local institutions of the Inner Asian polities in the Central Plain, which are the succession system and the local administrative system. -
San Diego County Treasurer-Tax Collector 2019-2020 Returned Property Tax Bills
SAN DIEGO COUNTY TREASURER-TAX COLLECTOR 2019-2020 RETURNED PROPERTY TAX BILLS TO SEARCH, PRESS "CTRL + F" CLICK HERE TO CHANGE MAILING ADDRESS PARCEL/BILL OWNER NAME 8579002100 11-11 GIFT TRUST 04-01-96 8579002104 11-11 GIFT TRUST 04-01-96 8579002112 11-11 GIFT TRUST 04-01-96 8679002101 11-11 GIFT TRUST 04-01-96 8679002105 11-11 GIFT TRUST 04-01-96 8679002113 11-11 GIFT TRUST 04-01-96 8779002102 11-11 GIFT TRUST 04-01-96 8779002106 11-11 GIFT TRUST 04-01-96 8779002114 11-11 GIFT TRUST 04-01-96 8879002103 11-11 GIFT TRUST 04-01-96 8879002107 11-11 GIFT TRUST 04-01-96 8879002115 11-11 GIFT TRUST 04-01-96 5331250200 1141 LAGUNA AVE L L C 2224832400 1201 VIA RAFAEL LTD 3172710300 12150 FLINT PLACE LLC 2350405100 1282 PACIFIC OAKS LLC 4891237400 1360 E MADISON AVENUE L L C 1780235100 138 SUN VILLA CT LLC 8894504458 138 SUN VILLA CT LLC 2222400700 1488 SAN PABLO L L C 1300500500 15195 HWY 76 TRUST 04-084 1473500900 152 S MYERS LLC 4230941300 1550 GARNET LLC 2754610900 15632 POMERADO ROAD L L C 1678 COUNTRY CLUB DR ESCONDIDO CA 92029 TRUST 05-07- 2325114700 18 1678 COUNTRY CLUB DR ESCONDIDO CA 92029 TRUST 05-07- 8894616148 18 2542212300 1697A LA COSTA MEADOWS L L C 2542212400 1697A LA COSTA MEADOWS L L C 6461901900 1704 CACTUS ROAD LLC 5333021200 1750 FIFTH AVENUE L L C 2542304001 180 PHOEBE STREET LLC 5392130600 1815-19 GRANADA AVENUE LLC 5392130700 1815-19 GRANADA AVENUE LLC 2643515400 18503 CALLE LA SERRA L L C 2263601300 1991 TRUST 12-02-91 AND W J K FAMILY LTD PARTNERSHIP 5650321400 1998 ENG FAMILY L L C 5683522300 1998 ENG FAMILY L L -
Early Hunic Invaders of Central Asia That Influenced the History of India, China, and Eurasia, the Erection of Great Wall and Dark Period of Indian History
Early Hunic Invaders of Central Asia that influenced the history of India, China, And Eurasia, the Erection of Great Wall and Dark Period of Indian History: By: Bipin Shah Dark Period of Indian history: During my world travel and visit to the Great Wall of China, I could not help wonder the real reasons for building such a massive wall at great cost of life and sacrifices? We always admire such monumental structure and cataloged them as “Great wonder of the world “. This and the pyramids are similar topics of the history that are often unknown to the public and never questioned or taught in the school. This type of subject not only intrigues me but compels me to investigate further. I decided to investigate further and found out how neatly this world event indirectly fits in to the puzzle of Indian subcontinent’s history, when Purana writers and the history keepers lost control of the Indian history and their genealogy of the Indian rulers. The Indian historian considers this to be the dark period of Indian history that began with the fall of Mauryan Empire and lasted until the rise of Gupta Empire. This is a total period of 500 to 550 years. During this period of uncertainty, India witnessed a massive influx of the foreign tribes from its borderland that was displaced as a result of chain reaction that started in the Northern China. India unwittingly became a melting pot of various ancient ethnicities during this “dark period” of the Indian history for which much remains unknown. Purana dismisses this event with one simple sentence: “Mlechha will rule India.” A similar melting process is now taking place in countries like America, Australia, Canada and South America but in a peaceful and orderly ways and the key driver for modern migration is the same that is just “economics”. -
The Fundamental Cartographical Technology of Ancient China ─ Forward Intersection
THE FUNDAMENTAL CARTOGRAPHICAL TECHNOLOGY OF ANCIENT CHINA ─ FORWARD INTERSECTION Zilan WANG1 Keling WANG Institute of History and Philosophy of Science University of Wuhan P.R.China Email: [email protected] Institute of Historical Geography University of Wuhan P.R.China Most available ancient Chinese maps were not based on field survey but were compiled indoor using direct or indirect travel and exploration records. The map preparation process can be roughly divided into the following steps. Firstly, the position of a geographical object is marked on the sketch map using its orientation and distance. The orientation data is based on the 8-orientation system in which the circumference is divided into 8 parts. The distance data is mainly based on the Chinese distance unit “Li”, but a smaller unit “Bu” will be used for detailed description. Secondly, the rectification by “intersection” method is carried out in order to minimize the errors in the relative positions of a geographical object caused by the intrinsic “roughness” of the aforementioned spatial model. This “intersection” rectification method, which is similar to the “forward intersection” in modern survey technology, was analyzed in this article from three angles: (1) the simulation study of the 2nd century B.C. survey map “Mawang Dui Map”, (2) the analysis of the traditional survey theory recorded in Zhou Bi Suan Jing and Jiu Zhang Suan Shu (including Liu Hui’s annotation of the latter), and (3) the new interpretation of the Fei Niao model proposed by Shen Kuo. In addition, travel records of “intersection” observation and the technique and historical background of forward intersection were found in related historical and geographical documents. -
Inner Mongolia & Ningxia Adventure-161014-1
Phone: 951-9800 Toll Free:1-877-951-3888 E-mail: [email protected] www.airseatvl.com 50 S. Beretania Street, Suite C - 211B, Honolulu, HI 96813 China Explore Mongolia ** The Home Land of Genghis Khan Magic Ningxia ** Oasis in the Loess Highland & Hui Culture Touring cities: Hohhot, Baotou, Ordos, Yichuan, Zhongwei, Wuzhong, Guyuan & Beijing Tour Package Includes Traveling Dates: * Direct Flight from Honolulu to Beijing * 2 Domestic Air Flights Jun 5 – 20, 2017 * Hotel Accommodations for 13 Nights (based on double occupancy) * Admissions and 35 Meals as stated ( 16 Days) * UNESCO World Heritage Sites: Temple of Heaven * Mongolian Bonfire Party and 1 night experience in a Chariot Yurt * Local Specialty Cuisine: Beijing Zhajiangmain, Mongolian Boiled Lamb & Price per person: Mongolian Hotpot * Camel Ride in Tengger Desert, one of the largest deserts in China * Boat Tour on Shahu (Sand Lake) $ 2, 988 * The China West Film Studio Tour Incl: Tax & Fuel Charge Shuidonggou Ruins/Ming Great Wall Tour * Single Supp: $ 750 There exists a paradise where the chilly wind and the blue sky embrace you like a silk blanket. In this paradise, the desert sun warms your skin to your delight and the moonbeam shines brightly into the night like a phoenix. Here, you will feel the presence of yesterday’s culture and the promise of ongoing development. This is Inner Mongolia - where major attractions are the vast grassland and deserts. The autonomous region of Inner Mongolia looks like a long and narrow colorful picture scroll threading the east to the west, revealing its splendor and grandeur. Ningxia, located in China’s geometric center, is a dazzling pearl in northwest China. -
Depiction of Xiongnu in Chinese Historical Texts
The Frontiers of Society, Science and Technology ISSN 2616-7433 Vol. 3, Issue 1: 52-55, DOI: 10.25236/FSST.2021.030109 Choice by Pertinence: Depiction of Xiongnu in Chinese Historical Texts Liang Geng Shanghai Yan’an High School, Shanghai, 200336, China [email protected] Abstract: This paper aims to discuss the depiction of Xiongnu in Chinese historical texts. The Han historians tended to oversimplify the polity of Xiongnu in their records while overlooking some crucial parts of the sophisticated political system, but disagreement remains as to why such oversimplification occurs. The historians never reduce the entire polity to its leader, Chanyu, but to an idealized hierarchy made up of both Chanyu and the lesser kings, the latter being neglected more by modern researchers than by the authors of these records. On the basis of such revision, it will be argued that chroniclers’ ignorance of the lesser kings is far from sufficient to account for their rare, and often scattered, appearance in the records. Alternatively, less relevance of these local leaders to Han Dynasty, especially when compared with Chanyu or the Xiongnu as a whole, is considered a more credible explanation for their being less frequently mentioned. Keywords: Xiongnu, Han Dynasty, Chanyu, Shiji, Hanshu, Lesser King 1. Introduction Chinese historical narratives, mainly Shiji and Hanshu, have long been viewed as the authoritative source in the studies of Xiongnu and their relationship with their southern neighbours, the Han Empire. However, recent archaeological excavations increasingly reveal the flaws of these Chinese texts, among which oversimplification of Xiongnu’s political structure is much debated.