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Кто Они, Булоцзи (Buluoji) И Цзе (Jie) / Цзи (Ji) В Китайские Династические Истории

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Кто Они, Булоцзи (Buluoji) И Цзе (Jie) / Цзи (Ji) В Китайские Династические Истории КТО ОНИ, БУЛОЦЗИ (BULUOJI) И ЦЗЕ (JIE) / ЦЗИ (JI) В КИТАЙСКИЕ ДИНАСТИЧЕСКИЕ ИСТОРИИ. ЦЗЕ (JIE) И КИДАРИТЫ. СООБЩАЮТ ЛИ О „БОЛГАРЫ“ КИТАЙСКИЕ ИСТОЧНИКИ, И КАКОЕ ЗНАЧЕНИЕ БОЛГАРСКОГО ЭТНОНИМА ? автор: Ж. Войников (Болгария) [email protected] Интересные и неполно изученые, являются китайские источники для народа с имя булоцзи (buloji) которое звучить очень близко с болгарского этнонима. В китайских источников, встречаются несколько варианта написание слово: “булоцзи” (buluoji) , “булоцзян” (buluojian) (букв. зн.: силные, решитльные “було”) и “бинчжоуху” (bingzhouhu) (букв.зн.: варвары из Бинчжоу). В Болгарии для прошлого этого народа и вероятная связь с предки древневных болгар, начало писать, только после публикацию Санпиена Чена “Някои бележки за китайските българи”1 (Некоторые заметки для китайских болгар) в венгерский журнал “Acta orientalia” бр. 1 и 2, 1998 г., изд. Венгерская академия наук. После этот въпрос был более детайльное исследован в скоре опобликованная книга Санпиена Чена “Мультикультурный Китай в ранного средневековья”2 изд. Пенсилаванского университета – 2012 г., глава 4 “Хунны и болгары” (4. The Huns and the Bulgars: The Chinese Chapter), с. 83-98)3. Санпиен Чен - китайский ученый которой живет и рабатает в Канаде, и он не первый который обртил вниманию этой гипотетической связь. Еще в 30-тые год. ХХ в. Питер Буудберг 4 предположил, что возможно отождествение слово “булоцзи” с болгарский этноним, но его публикация по вопросе, так и не нашла широкий интерес. Сегодня, подобное мнения изказывает Флорин Курта: “Некоторые ученые подчеркнули, связь болгаров с народа булоцзи (Buluoji), имя, которое появилось в китайские источники, и обозначает группа племен, часть из федерация Сюнну, но включающие и иранские елементы и начали упоменьтся в начале VІ в., в северные районы империя Туба-Вэй” (Tuoba-Wei).5 Первые сообщения о народе “булоцзи” появляются в смутные веков гражданских войн в Китае, которые начали с конца династия Младшая (Восточная) Хань (ІІІ в.) до объединения страны во время династиям Суй и Тан (VІІ в.). Обобщенная информация о них можно найти в летописи “Чжоу-шу”6 (История династии Чжоу), “Бэй-ши” (История Северных дворов / или династии), “Бэй Ци-ши” (История династия Северная Ци), “Цзинь-шу” (Изтория династия Цзинь), “Лянь-шу” (История династия Лянь). Одна из самых подробных компиляцеях о булоцзам составил Лин Ган (Lin Gan), из материалах связанные с история Сюнну. Анализ информации о булоцзи (buluoji), сделал китайский историк Тан Чанжу (Tang Changru) и доказал что вопросный народ является одно из племенам, которые стали известные с названиям “цзи” (ji) 1 Статия появилась в интернет-пространстве на англ. яз. и так стала достояния болгарского читателя, особенно после перевода доц. П. Голийского, в журнале “Авитохол” бр. 26 / 2004 г.: http://www.bulgari-istoria-2010.com/booksBG/S_Ttsihen_Buloczi.pdf и в мой перевод: http://www.bulgari-istoria-2010.com/booksBG/Sanping_Chen_China_BG_Buloji.pdf и англ.текст: http://www.bulgari-istoria-2010.com/booksBG/Sanping_Chen_SOME_REMARKS_ON_THE_CHINESE_BULGARIAN.pdf 2 Sanping Chen. Multicultural China in the Early Middle Ages University of Pennsylvania Press – 2012 3 Книга Санпиена Чена, не в свободном доступе (http://muse.jhu.edu/books/9780812206289?auth=0), и поэтому я выражаю глубокую признательность г-на Васила Карлуковского (владалец сайтов “Промакедония” и “Крорайна”) за то, что успел скачать и предоставил мне, глава посвещенная вопросу о “булоцзам”. В мой компютерный перевод из англ. яз. и в оригинальном вида, можно скачать с моего сайта: http://www.bulgari-istoria-2010.com/booksBG/Sanpiewn_Chen_Huni_i_Balgari.pdf и англ.текст: http://bulgari-istoria-2010.com/booksBG/Sanping_Chen_Hun_Bulgars.pdf 4 Peter Alexis Boodberg (1903 –1972), (Будберг, Пётр Алексеевич) - американский китаист русского происхождения. Преподавал в Калифорнийском университете, Беркли. 5 Florin Curta, 'Bulgars, people’, in International Encyclopaedia for the Middle Ages-Online. A Supplement to LexMA-Online. Turnhout: Brepols Publishers, 2005, in Brepolis Medieval Encyclopaedias: http://www.brepolis.net/bme [ 7 December 2006] и Florin Curta. Source: International Encyclopaedia for the Middle Ages-Online. A Supplement to LexMA-Online. Turnhout: Brepols Publishers, 2005 : http://www.clas.ufl.edu/users/fcurta/bulgars1.html Флорин Курта совр. амерканский историк из румынского произхода, заведущий кафедра истории и археологии Университет Флориде в Гейнсвил (Флорида). Один из ведущие совр. амирканские историки, которые занимаются с истории и археологии Восточной Европе и Балканы. 6 Обобщенные сведения оа Buluoji сообщаются в глава 49 „Чжоу-шу”, которые потом были переписанные в сократеном варианте из несколко классические енциклопедические источникам, как “Тундян”, “Тайпин-хуаню-цзи”, “Тунчжи” (Tongzhi) и “Венсян-тункао” (Wenxian tongkao). 1 и “цзиху” (jihu) (в кит. -“ху” – чужой, варвар, “цзи-ху” – варвары “цзи”). Согл. Тан Чанжу в эпохы Цао-Вей (220 – 265 г.) и Цзинь (265 – 420 г.), государства которые создали разные племен из федерации Сюнну, назывались общего названия “чжуху” (zhuhu) – разные варвары, и “заху” (zahu) – смешенны варвары, или шанху (shanhu) – горские варвары. В „Цзинь-шу” „заху” называются еще „шанху” – горские варвары. Другое название это “сихеху” (Xihehu) , которое смысловый экзоним и озн. “живущие западнее реку (Хуанхе или Желтая река) варвары. Согл. Н. Бичурина „чжуху” означало „тюрки” но теперь это вполне отвергнуто совр. китаистам. (1) Тан Чанжу (Tang Changru) считает, что на более поздном этапе, имя “булоцзи” превартилось в общее названия все племена “цзи” и двух этнонимов „булоцзи” и „цзи” стали абсолютно идентические. Он думате что в эпохы династии Цао-Вей (220-265 г.) и Цзинь (265-420 г.), путь эволюции этого названия был “чжуху”>”цзаху”>”цзиху” и они были смесь европеидных и монголоидных племен, потому-что, название “ху” употребляется основно для народов восточно-иранского произхода (най-известные “ху” были согдийцы). (2) Если увидим названия „булоцзи” (buloji) , как вместо фонетичниый йероглиф , използуем его протоформ в др.кит. klāk эп. Хань kāk (совр.ф-ма gè), зн.: все, то сочетание можно превести по смысла как все племена ( – отдел, часть что-то, племе, род) „цзи”. Это мнения поддерживает и Санпиен Чен, и делает связь с классическое обыяснения болгарского этнонима как bulgamak – смешенный (болг. турцизм буламач - смесь), которое сделал Томашек и “цзи” – разные, смешенные варвары. (3) Другой китайский ученый Лин Мейцун (Lin Meicun) обыясняет имя “булоцзи” с тюркское balaq – рыба? Одно из самых ранных упоменания булоцзев было в варианте “фулучжи” (fuluzhi) (произн. в др.кит. b(h)ukrukke, эп.Хань b(h)əukrəukkje, раннесредн. кит. b(h)ïuklïukkje), которое одно из “пять сюннуйским племенам” Лю Юана (Liu Yuan) - основатель династия Хань, котороя потом была названа Ранная Чжао (или Хань Чжао) (304 – 329 г.). (4) Аналогичном образе, в “Чжоу-шу” для булоцзев сообщается что они “отдельный род в общности Сюнну” и что они потомки последователей тоже Лю Юана. Но они были подчиненного племя Лю Юана, который пренадлежал к другой, сянбийский род Дугу (Dúgū) или Туге (Túgè) , в эп. Восточная Хань произносилось соотв. doγo / dōukkā и toxaγ / dākāk, которые были предки поздно известная племенная общность “дагуры” - монгольизированные тунгусы7 .. (5), (6) Специально о этом роде, Яо Вейюан (Yao Weiyuan) сообщает, что произходил из племенам Тиефу (Tiěfú) (в ранно-ср.кит. thiētpwït8), и более точно, из сяньбийского рода Тухе (Tuhe) (в ранно-ср.кит.: dhāγā, dhōγā), вариант написание Туге (Túgè), или дагуры, а самое названия Тиефу означало новые, смешенные роды, возникшие после слияния южных сюнну и сяньбы. Тиефу букв. озн.: “человек у которого отец из сюнну и мать из сяньби”. Для рода Тухе известно что был самом близким до сянбийского рода Мужун (Murong) (вост.: māhźoŋ, mōźoŋ, вариант написание тоже Моюн (Мǒuyǔn) , вост.: məwźún)9. “Чжоу-шу” сообщает что на самом деле народ “булоцзи” или “цзи” обитал земли совр. пров. Шаньси, Шэньси и Вост. Гансу (земли на востоке Лиши (уезд Лиши / Lishi, , находиться в префектура Люлян / Lüliáng, в провниция Шаньси / Shānxī) и на западе до Андин (Андин / Anding, уезд в южной части пров. Гансу) в области с должина около 700-800 ли [1 ли = 416 м], и обитали горные ущелия, где делились на множества родов и племен. Были уседлые жителей, разводили много шелкопрядов и были искусными ткачами. В VІ – VІІ в. были в процесс китаизации, много из их вождей знали китайская письменост и язык. Простой народ тоже употребрял китайский язык совместно с своем “варварском” языком. Но их обычаи были варварские и чужие китайской культуре. Исповедовали будизм. Очень часто восстали против имеперской власти, поэтому китайцы определяют их как жадные, жестокие и упрямые. 7 названия “дагуры” произходить из ТМ daγa – близкий, сосед, соседный, в эвенк. doγor, daγor и якут. doγor, эвен. doγō, солон. daγūr, нан. doχa, маньчж. daχur – друг, близкий, или из ТМ doxa – союзники, группа союзные племена или роды, тоже друзя, родственики, в пра-ТМ *dagu-r. (7) 8 из ранне-средн. произн. Тиефу произходить и совр. названия Тибет. 9 Бейли посочил что в хотано-скаский документ имя этого народа передается bvāyūm. За мужуны известно что были сюннуйское племя подчиненное сяньбам. (Hoong Teik Toh, цит. соч.) Вероятное названия было “боюн” и показывает параллел с др.тюрк. boj, bojun – племя, род. (8) 2 “Чжоу-шу” сообщает две основные теории о произходе “цзиху”. Согл. первая, они произходят из южного клона на Сюнну (Xiongnu) , а вторая считает что произходят из варварским племенам жуни и ди (аналогичны
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