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Christian Service University College Faculty of Humanities a Study of the Policy of the Presbyterian Church of Ghana Not To

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Christian Service University College Faculty of Humanities a Study of the Policy of the Presbyterian Church of Ghana Not To CHRISTIAN SERVICE UNIVERSITY COLLEGE FACULTY OF HUMANITIES A STUDY OF THE POLICY OF THE PRESBYTERIAN CHURCH OF GHANA NOT TO ADMIT SPOUSES OF PASTORS INTO THE ORDAINED MINISTRY PROJECT WORK (LONG ESSAY) EDWARD ASAMOAH APPIAH DEPARTMENT OF THEOLOGY JUNE, 2019 A STUDY OF THE POLICY OF THE PRESBYTERIAN CHURCH OF GHANA NOT TO ADMIT SPOUSES OF PASTORS INTO THE ORDAINED MINISTRY BY EDWARD ASAMOAH APPIAH (10004407) A LONG ESSAY SUBMITTED TO CHRISTIAN SERVICE UNIVERSITY COLLEGE, IN PARTIAL FULFILMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE AWARD OF THE DEGREE OF BACHELOR OF ARTS IN THEOLOGY WITH ADMINISTRATION DEPARTMENT OF THEOLOGY JUNE, 2019 i DECLARATION I, Edward Asamoah Appiah, do hereby declare that this project work report is the result of my own original research except for sections of which references have been duly made and to the best of my knowledge no part of it has been presented to this University College or any other institution for the award of a degree. Sign: ……………………………….. Date: ………………………………… Edward Asamoah Appiah (Student) Sign: …………………………........ Date: ………………………………….. Mr. John K. Ntsiful (Supervisor) Sign: ………………………………. Date: ………………………………….. Dr. S.B. Adubofuor (Head of Department Theology) i DEDICATION To the glory of God, this work is dedicated to Mrs. Dora Boakyewaa Appiah, Children, my late Uncle Mr. Isaac Adu Gyamfi and my Mother Mary Birago. ii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS Glory be Almighty God. I am thankful to Mr. Kojo Ntsiful for comment, criticism and suggestion have enable me to come this far. Everyone who in any way contributed to my University Education I say may God richly bless you all. My appreciation goes to the Presbyterian Church of Ghana for given me the opportunity and sponsoring me to take this four year degree programme and the lectures at the Theology Department and other departments for imparting me positively. The Ramseyer Congregation – Adum, The District Minister, Rev. Moses Opoku Agyemang, Samuel Adu-Gyamfi and Rev. Daniel Bosea Gyinantwi, Rev. Dr. K. Effa Ababio, Rev. Dr. Isaac Fokuoh, Very Rev. Dr. Sam Prempeh. Finally my sincere gratitude goes to my dear wife, Mrs. Dora Boakyewaa Appiah and all the family members. iii LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS J. Y - Presbyterian Junior Youth P. C. G - Presbyterian Church of Ghana R. P. P. - Regulations Practice and Procedure CLAN - Church Life and Nurture iv TABLE OF CONTENTS CONTENTS PAGES DECLARATION … … … … … … … … i DEDICATION … … … … … … … … ii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS … … … … … … … iii LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS … … … … … … … iv TABLE OF CONTENTS … … … … … … … v CHAPTER ONE: GENERAL INTRODUCTION … … … 1 1.1 Background to the Study… … … … … … … 1 1.2 Statement of the Problem… … … … … … … 2 1.3 Research Questions … … … … … … … 2 1.4 Aim and Objectives of the Study… … … … … … 3 1.5 The Scope and Focus of the Study … … … … … 4 1.6 Research Methodology … … … … … … … 4 1.6.1 Primary Sources… … … … … … … 5 1.6.1.1 Personal Observation … … … … … … 5 1.6.2 Research Design… … … … … … … 5 1.7 Literature Review… … … … … … … … 6 1.8 Significance of the Study… … … … … … … 12 1.9 Organization of Chapters… … … … … … … 13 v CHAPTER TWO: BRIEF HISTORY OF PRESBYTERIAN CHURCH OF GHANA … … … … … … 14 2.1 Introduction… … … … … … … … … 14 2.2 Hope and Survival … … … … … … … 16 2.3 The Arrival of Jamaicans … … … … … … 17 2.4 The Scottish Mission Factor … … … … … … 17 2.5 Basel Mission Society … … … … … … … 18 2.6 Basel Missionaries Return… … … … … … … 18 2.7 The Birth and Life of Synod … … … … … … 19 2.8 The Powers and Functions of Synod … … … … … 20 2.9 Preparation for and the Abolishing of Synod … … … … 21 2.10 The Constitutional Review Committee… … … … … 22 2.11 Repeal of the R.P.P, Abolishing of Synod and the Inauguration of the General Assembly … … … … … … … 23 2.12 Women’s Participation in the Church… … … … … 23 2.13 Women in PCG Ministry… … … … … … … 25 2.14 Conclusion … … … … … … … … 27 CHAPTER THREE: THE PRESBYTERIAN CHURCH OF GHANA’S (PCG’S) POLICY NOT TO ORDAIN SPOUSES OF MINISTERS … … … … … … 28 3.1 Presentation of Findings … … … … … … … 28 3.2 Nature of Respondents … … … … … … … 28 3.3 Position of the Respondents on PCG’s Policy Not to Ordain Spouses of Ministers … … … … … … … … … 29 3.3.1 Presbyters … … … … … … … … 29 3.3.2 Ministers … … … … … … … … 29 3.3.3 Ministers’ Spouses … … … … … … … 29 vi 3.4 Overall Position of the Respondents on PCG’s Policy Not to Ordain Spouses of Ministers … … … … … … … 30 3.5 Conclusion… … … … … … … … … 30 CHAPTER FOUR: DATA ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION … 31 4.1 Introduction … … … … … … … … 31 4.1.1 Presbyters … … … … … … … … 31 4.1.2 Ministers … … … … … … … … 33 4.1.3 Ministers’ Spouses … … … … … … … 33 4.2 Overall Position of the Respondents on PCG’s Policy Not to Ordain Spouses of Ministers … … … … … … … 34 4.3 Conclusion … … … … … … … … … 35 CHAPTER FIVE: SUMMARY, CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS … … … … 36 5.1 Introduction… … … … … … … … … 36 5.2 Summary… … … … … … … … … 36 5.3 Conclusion … … … … … … … … 37 5.4 Recommendations … … … … … … … 37 BIBLIOGRAPHY … … … … … … … … 39 APPENDIX … … … … … … … … … 41 vii CHAPTER ONE GENERAL INTRODUCTION 1.1 Background to the Study The women in the Presbyterian Church of Ghana (PCG) played and are still playing important roles in the ministry and in the development of the church and communities in which they live. Some women are in some leadership positions such as Presbyters (Elders), others are marriage counselors, children service and junior youth (JY) teachers respectively. However, spouses of ministers are not allowed to be ordained as ministers. In this research, the researcher will find out why Presbyterian Church of Ghana took decision not to ordain spouses of ministers. The researcher will also look at the definition of the two key words: namely, ordination and ministry which play very important roles in this decision. In 1995, at the 66th Synod (now) General Assembly held in Takoradi in the Western Presbytery of the Presbyterian Church of Ghana (P.C.G). Synod decided that the admission of spouses of ministers into ordained ministry of Presbyterian Church of Ghana be remitted to the Presbyteries for their views.1 According to J.O.Y. Mante and Aboagye, the rationale behind this issue was in two folds: The first issue was whether two ministers (pastors should be permitted to marry as ordained ministers of the church). The second issue was also whether the spouse of a 1 66th Synod Minutes held in Takoradi (1995), 174. 1 minister should be accepted into the ordained ministry of the Presbyterian Church of Ghana.2 In 1996 at the 67th Synod held in Kyebi in the Akyem Abuakwa Presbytery this policy was one of the remissions from Presbyteries to Synod and it was referred to workshop (group discussions) system at the Synod.3 The issue was exhaustively discussed. In the end, it was decided that spouses of Ministers should not be admitted into the ordained ministry of the Presbyterian Church of Ghana. This essay seeks to provide more detailed information on the policy not to ordain spouses of ministers in the Presbyterian Church of Ghana. 1.2 Statement of the Problem In the area of evangelism and church growth, the contributions of couples cannot be over emphasized. Many Presbyterian congregations were established by couples and even some of the smaller congregations are still worshipping in some couples’ residency. Several works have done on women’s ordination but not spouses of ministers and it is against this background that this research is being carried out. 1.3 Research Questions The study examines why the Presbyterian Church of Ghana do not ordain spouses of ministers. It seeks to find answers to the questions. 2 J.O.Y. Mante & Aboagye-Danquah, 4 Synod Decisions and the Rationale behind the Decision (Accra: SonLife Press, 1975-2000), 117. 3 66th Synod Minutes held in Takoradi, 174. 2 1. What is the genesis of ordination of spouses of ministers of the Presbyterian Church of Ghana (P.C.G.)? 2. Is the policy not to ordain spouses of ministers biblical? 3. Theologically, is this policy not an impediment to somebody’s call? 4. What impact (positive or negative) did the first generation of ordained spouses had on the church? 5. What was the main factors that contributed to the challenges of the church’s administration that took the decision not to admit spouses of ministers into the ordained ministry? 1.4 Aim and Objectives of the Study The main objectives are: 1. To find out theologically if the policy has an impediment to somebody’s to the pastoral ministry. 2. To find out if the policy has a biblical basis. 3. To find out the genesis of ordination of spouses of ministers of the Presbyterian Church of Ghana. 4. To find out the impact (positive or negative) that the first generation of ordained spouses had on the church. 5. To find out the main factors that contributed to the challenges of the church’s administration that took the decision not to admit spouses of ministers into ordained ministry. 3 1.5 The Scope and Focus of the Study This research is a study of the decision of the Presbyterian Church of Ghana not to ordain spouses of Pastors into the ordained ministry. The study covered the period between 1976 and 2019. The year 1976 is significance as the church took decision to ordain women ministers in the Presbyterian Church of Ghana. This research discusses some of the issues raised against the ordaining spouses into the ordained ministry of the Presbyterian Church of Ghana (PCG). 1.6 Research Methodology Saunders, Lewis and Thomhill defined methodology as the theory of how research should be undertaken, including the theoretical and Philosophical assumptions, upon which research is based and the implication of these for the method or methods adopted. Methodology is the description of the way which data is collected for a research project.4 Leedy and Ornmord further defined methodology as a way someone found to be effective in solving a problem or reaching an objective: in getting a task executed or a job done. Methodology refers to the entire systematic method through which a research is conduct, in relation to how, which, where and what the researcher entails.5 The main methods used under primary sources were personal observation, administration of questionnaires and personal interviews.
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