DOCSLIB.ORG

ANTI U ITA T IS

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
ANTI U ITA T IS Q ANTI uITATIS S E R jOURNAL OF ANCIENT HISTORY CCentroentro ddee HHistóriaistória dede AAlém-Marlém-Mar VOLUME 2 2011 Universidade Nova de Lisboa Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia FFaculdadeaculdade ddee CCiênciasiências SSociaisociais e HHumanasumanas MINISTÉRIO DA CIÊNCIA, TECNOLOGIA E ENSINO SUPERIOR UUniversidadeniversidade ddosos AAçoresçores 2 ISSN 1647-5852 2011 Journal of Ancient history Volume 2 Res Antiquitatis. Journal of Ancient History Volume 2 / 2011 Price: € 12 Published by Centro de História de Além-Mar Universidade Nova de Lisboa / Universidade dos Açores [email protected] +351 21 790 8300 (ext. 1551) Sponsored by ISSN 1647-5852 Legal ref. code 308682/10 Copies: 250 Printed in Portugal by Papiro-Relevo, Lda. R. Bartolomeu Dias, n.º 5 R/C 2855-416 VALE DE MILHAÇOS Cover design: Marcel L. Paiva do Monte Editor Advisory Board Francisco Caramelo – Universidade Nova Jean-Claude Margueron – École Pratique de Lisboa des Hautes Études José Augusto Ramos – Universidade de Lisboa Assistant Editor Luís Filipe Thomaz – Universidade Católica Marcel L. Paiva Monte – Universidade Nova Portuguesa de Lisboa Maria Helena Trindade Lopes – Universidade Nova de Lisboa Editorial Board José Ribeiro Ferreira – Universidade de Coimbra António Ramos dos Santos – Universidade Francolino Gonçalves – École Biblique de Lisboa et Archéologique Française de Jérusalem José das Candeias Sales – Universidade Aberta Jack Sasson – Vanderbilt University Zoltán Biedermann – University of London Michel Hulin – Université Paris Sorbonne Juan Luis Montero Fenollós – Universidade – Paris IV da Coruña Stanislava Vavroušková – Orientální ústav Leonor Santa Bárbara – Universidade Nova v Praze de Lisboa Sylvie Blétry – Université Paul Valéry Rui Loureiro – Instituto Superior Manuel Teixeira Montpellier III Gomes Michel al-Maqdissi – Direction Générale Brigitte Lion – Université François Rabelais des Antiquités et Musées (Damas, Syrie) – Tours Dejannirah Couto – École Pratique des Hautes Nuno Simões Rodrigues – Universidade de Lisboa Études José Virgilio Garcia Trabazo – Universidade Mario Liverani – Sapienza – Università di Roma de Santiago de Compostela Antonio Ruiz Castellanos – Universidad de Cádiz Dolors Folch – Universitat Pompeu Fabra José Remesal Rodríguez – Universitat de Barcelona Simo Parpola – Helsingin Yliopisto John Baines – University of Oxford Ana Isabel Buescu – Universidade Nova de Lisboa Sebastião Tavares de Pinho – Universidade de Coimbra http://resantiq.wordpress.com [email protected] Table of Contents Editorial .......................................................................................... 9 Studies Stanislava VAVROUŠKOVÁ: Perception of India in the Heart of Europe. Transition Through Centuries ......................................... 13 Juan Luis MONTERO FENOLLÓS: The Tower of Babel Before Archaeology. The Ziggurat of Babylon according to European travellers (XII-XVII centuries) ...................................................... 31 Rui Manuel LOUREIRO: The Indian Journeys of a Spanish Ambassador: Don García de Silva y Figueroa and his Comentarios (1614-1624) ..................................................................................... 51 Susana MOTA: The Household Religion in Ancient Egypt: Problems and Constraints ............................................................. 71 Telo Ferreira CANHÃO: Eroticism and Sensuality in Papyrus Westcar .......................................................................................... 83 Ronaldo G. Gurgel PEREIRA: Greek Nomos and Egyptian Religion: Cultural Identity in Hellenistic Egypt ............................ 103 José das Candeias SALES: La monnaie des Ptolémées – Les séries de Ptolémée I .................................................................................. 133 Elias PINHEIRO: The Sintashta Cultural Particulars and the Origin of the War Chariot .............................................................. 149 Interview Jean-Claude Margueron (conducted by Francisco Caramelo and Juan Luis Montero Fenollós) ........................................................ 171 Short Notes M. al-MAQDISSI, P. BUTTERLIN, F. CARAMELO, I. MÁRQUEZ ROWE, Jean-Claude MARGUERON, Juan Luis MONTERO FENOLLÓS, B. MULLER: Défi nition du Moyen Euphrate .......... 203 Juan Luis MONTERO FENOLLÓS: Le site urukéen de Tell Humeida au Moyen Euphrate syrien. Premières recherches archéologiques ............................................................................... 205 Juan-Luis MONTERO FENOLLÓS; Francisco CARAMELO; Ignacio MÁRQUEZ ROWE: Le site de Tell Qabr Abu al-‘Atiq, le royaume de Mari, l’Assyrie et le verrou de Khanuqa. Projet Archéologique Moyen Euphrate Syrien (2008-2010) .................. 217 Sylvie BLÉTRY: La campagne 2010 de la mission archéologique franco-syrienne à Halabiya-Zénobia ............................................. 229 Emma LOOSLEY: The Citadel of Zalabiyeh on the Euphrates: Placing the Site in its Historical Context and a Summary of the First Archaeological Field Season (2010) ...................................... 259 Yaarob ABDULLAH: The Works of the Syrian Mission in the Byzantine City (Tell Al Kasra) in Five Seasons (2006–2010)....... 269 Reviews André de Campos SILVA: review of Toby WILKINSON, The Rise and Fall of Ancient Egypt: The History of a Civilisation from 3000 BC to Cleopatra, 2010 (book review) ................................. 289 Miguel VALÉRIO: review of Aline TENU, L’expansion médio- assyrienne. Approche archéologique, 2009 (book review).......... 295 Katia M. P. POZZER: review of Brigitte LION; Cécile MICHEL (eds.): Histoires de déchiffrements. Les écritures du Proche- Orient à l’Egée, 2009 (book review) ............................................. 303 Marcel L. P. MONTE: review of The State Archives of Assyria Online (website review) ................................................................. 305 Paula VEIGA: review of The Institute for the Preservation of Medical Traditions, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, D.C. (website review) ............................................................................. 311 Isabel ALMEIDA; Luís DUQUE; Maria de Fátima ROSA: review of Torre de Babel – Historia y Mito. Museo Arqueológico de Murcia (Spain), 9th December 2010 – 20th March 2011 (exhibition) ..... 321 Abstracts Editorial announcement Res Antiquitatis. Journal of Ancient History continues to incentive and to publish research works on Antiquity and its reception. The publication of quality articles, the internationalization of Portuguese research and the creation of opportunities to divulge the work of senior and young researchers are still its priorities. Volume nº 1 had a very signifi cant diffusion and received excellent reactions and compliments from Portuguese and foreign researchers. This stimulates us to proceed with this project and our effort of placing this journal among internationally recognized reference periodicals. In the present volume, nº 2, in the Studies’ section, there are two research areas that deserve to be mentioned: the fi rst one is Egypt, which received special attention and is object of various studies comprised in a very wide chronological range. The second is dedicated to the reception of Antiquity, that was object of some of the communications presented at an international conference organized by CHAM at Fundação Oriente (Lisbon, 9th-10th of March 2009) entitled «Percepções do Oriente e da antiguidade na Europa da Época Moderna» («Perceptions of the Orient and Antiquity in Modern Age Europe»). The Short Notes’ section is integrally dedicated to archaeological studies centered mainly in the area of the Halabiya-Zalabiya gorge. Many of its authors whether coordinate or participate on archaeological missions in this region and adjacent areas. Res Antiquitatis intends to become a forum where syntheses about the works taking place in these archaeological sites can be published annually, respecting some geographical coherence though not excluding other incoming contributions. In this issue we would like to highlight the presence of a short note about the Middle Euphrates signed by the participants of the IVe rencontre syro-franco-ibérique d’archéologie et d’histoire ancienne du Proche-Orient which took place at Madrid in 2009. This note’s intention is to propose a proper defi nition of the concept of Middle Euphrates, which has been subject of certain ambiguities in historiography. – 9 – One of the most relevant texts in this volume of Res Antiquitatis is the interview made to Jean-Claude Margueron, the great archaeologist who excavated in Syria for decades: he directed for 25 years the archaeological mission of Mari, the ancient city on the Euphrates. This interview was made at Murcia (Spain) in March 2011, seizing the opportunity opened by his participation in the cycle of conferences concerning the exhibition Torre de Babel. Historia y Mito, which took place in the Museo Arqueológico de Murcia. This is a great interview that results in an impressive testimony of his intellectual life and of his intense archeological activity. Finally, we would like to mention the existence of Res Antiquitatis’ website (http://resantiq.wordpress.com), which intends to keep updated news, especially about the journal itself. The abstracts of the studies presented in this issue will soon be available online, as well as the citation rules of the call for papers for the next issue (nº 3). The very positive impact of this journal’s fi rst volume, that we hope to achieve continually, makes us believe
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Ancient Egyptians Believed in an Afterlife
    Note To the Teacher This kit is designed to help your students learn more about Ancient Egypt by viewing images from the Walters Art Museum collection. The scope ranges from the Middle Kingdom (Dynasties ca. 2061-1640 BCE) through the Ptolemaic Period (332-30 BCE). You will find ten images of objects from Ancient Egypt. In addition to the images, there is a timeline, essays about the museum objects; lesson plans for elementary, middle grades and high school, and bibliographies with resources to assist you in your class presentation. Resources include: a vocabulary list, books for you and your students, websites, videos and other art tools. TRK Borrowing Policy Please… 1. Return this kit in person or by mail on or by its due date. A valid credit card number is required to borrow Teacher Resource Kits. A $25.00 fee will be charged for kits that are returned up to one month late. Borrowers will be assessed the pur- chase cost of kits borrowed if materials are returned more than one month late. The box the TRK was sent in can be reused for its return. 2. Keep your TRK intact and in working order. You are responsible for the contents of this kit while it is in your possession. If any item is miss- ing or damaged, please contact the Department of School Programs at 410.547.9000, ext. 298, as soon as possible. 3. Fill out the TRK Evaluation so that kits can be improved with your input and student feedback. Please return the Teacher Resource Kit to: Department of School Programs Division of Education and Public Programs The Walters Art Museum 600 North Charles Street Baltimore, MD 21201-5185 Copyright Statement Materials contained in this Education kit are not to be reproduced or transmitted in any format, other than for educational use, without specific advance written permission from the Walters Art Museum.
    [Show full text]
  • Representation of Solar Deities in Major Global Mythologies the Neolithic (New Stone Age)
    Tihomir Živić, Ph. D., Asst. Prof. Representation of Solar Deities in Major Global Mythologies The Neolithic (New Stone Age) • Middle East, i.e., the Levant (presently Cyprus, Israel, Jordan, Lebanon, Palestine, Syria, and Turkey), approximately 10,200 BC to 2,000 BC: revolutionary behavioral and cultural alterations (e.g., terracotta ceramic, cereal farming, domestication of animals) → a single (Levantine) human species (Homo sapiens sapiens); • the Latin name “Levant” also etymologically connected to the rising Sun (cf. the verb levare). 4/19/2015 Živić, Representations 2 of Solar Deities Fig. 1: A satellite photograph depicting the present-day Levant. Fig. 2: A museal reconstruction of the “modern” Neolithic man. 4/19/2015 Živić, Representations 3 of Solar Deities Solar Barque • a Neolithic petroglyph concept, mythologically represents the Sun riding in a vessel (a barge or a boat) → exerted a direct influence on the ancient (predynastic) Egypt; • cf. the symbolic “Khufu ship,” 43.6-meter long, disassembled in 1,224 pieces, Great Pyramid of Giza, 2,500 BC, buried into a pit (two ditches), sealed off by 40 blocks (20 tones each) → subsequently, other pharaonic boats modeled on this King Cheops’ paragon. 4/19/2015 Živić, Representations 4 of Solar Deities Fig. 3: Great Pyramid of Giza, Egypt. Fig. 4: King Cheops’ solar barque, rediscovered by the Egyptian archeologist Kamal el-Mallakh in 1954, reassembled after a decennium and exhibited in a separate museum erected nearby. 4/19/2015 Živić, Representations 5 of Solar Deities Mesopotamia (“Fertile Crescent”) • Bronze Age (ca. 1,200 BC): utilization of bronze → the cradle of civilization (the deltas of the Euphrates and the Tigris, presently in Iran, Iraq, Kuwait, Syria, and Turkey), first scripts (cuneiform, later hieroglyphic); • Shamash (Assyria, Babylonia = a solar deity) → eventually, a linguistic influence as well (i.e., a royalty addressed as “my Sun”).
    [Show full text]
  • An Investigation Into the Exchange of Artistic Motifs Between the Aegean, Egypt, and the Near East In
    THE AEGEAN AND THE EAST An Investigation into the Exchange of Artistic Motifs - between the Aegean, Egypt, and the Near East in the Bronze Age by J.L. CROWLEY B.A.(Hons.) Submitted in fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy UNIVERSITY OF TASMANIA HOBART 1977 THE AEGEAN AND THE EAST VOLUME I TEXT VOLUME II PLATES This thesis contains no material which has been accepted for the award of any other degree or diploma in any university nor does it include any copy or paraphrase of material previously published or written by another person except when due reference is made in the text. Signed: Date: THE AEGEAN AND THE EAST TABLE OF CONTENTS VOLUME I TEXT VOLUME II PLATES THE AEGEAN AND THE EAST VOLUME I TEXT Content6 Page ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS (1) LIBRARY ABSTRACT - Summary of the Thesis (ii) ABBREVIATIONS (iv) Intnoduction 1. INTRODUCTION AND CHRONOLOGY 1 Pala I The Moti64 2. MOTIFS COMMON TO THE AEGEAN AND THE EAST Heraldic Poses 15 Antithetical Group 23 Mirror Reverse 27 Contest Scenes, Struggling Hero, and Master of Animals 30 Mistress of Animals 35 Sphinx 41 Griffin 47 Dragons and Crocodiles 55 Thoueris and the Minoan Genius 59 Sacred Tree, Sacred Pillar 65 Palm, Palmette 72 Papyrus, Lotus 76 Rosette 83 Quatrefoil 89 Scale Pattern 92 Guilloche, Linked Circles, Quirk 95 Spiral 100 Flying Gallop 107 Page 3. OTHER MOTIFS IN EASTERN OR AEGEAN ART Smiting Figure, Pharaoh and Weather God 113 Star Disk in Crescent 116 Winged Sun Disk 119 Scale Mountain 120 Duel 121 ' Bull Sports 124 Fish, Dolphin, Octopus, Nautilus 126 Tricurved Arch 128 Rocky Landscape, Glen 129 Marbling, Colour Waves 130 4.
    [Show full text]
  • Yahweh's Winged Form in the Psalms ORBIS BIBLICUS ET ORIENTALIS
    Zurich Open Repository and Archive University of Zurich Main Library Strickhofstrasse 39 CH-8057 Zurich www.zora.uzh.ch Year: 2010 Yahweh’s Winged Form in the Psalms: Exploring Congruent Iconography and Texts LeMon, Joel M Abstract: The striking image of the winged Yahweh occurs in six psalms (e. g., Ps 17:8 “Hide me in the shadow of your wings”). Scholars have disagreed on the background, meaning, and significance of the image arguing that it: (1) likens the Israelite deity to a bird; (2) alludes to the winged sun disk; (3) draws from general Egyptian symbolism for protection; (4) evokes images of winged goddesses; or (5) refers to winged cherubim in the temple and/or on the ark of the covenant. These divergent proposals signal a need for clearer methods of interpreting biblical imagery in light of visual-artistic material from the ancient Near East. This volume refines iconographic methodologies by treating the image of the winged Yahweh as one among a constellation of literary images in each psalm. Since the portrayals of Yahweh in each psalm have distinct contours, one finds several congruencies in Syro-Palenstinian iconographic material. The congruent iconographic motifs for Yahweh’s winged form include (1) the winged sun disk (in multiple form and variations), (2) the Horus falcon, (3) winged suckling goddesses, and (4) winged deities in combat. No single image stands behind the portrayals of Yahweh. In fact, even within a single psalm, more than one iconographic trope can provide congruency with the literary imagery and inform the interpretation of the text. Thus, the winged Yahweh in the Psalms provides an example of a ‘multistable’ literary image, one which simultaneously evokes multiple iconographical motifs.
    [Show full text]
  • The Royal Hittite Title 'My Sun' and the Winged Sun Disk
    329 THE ROYAL HITTITE TITLE ‘MY SUN’ AND THE WINGED SUN DISK MICHAUX-COLOMBOT, Danièle FRANSA/FRANCE/ФРАНЦИЯ ABSTRACT This paper argues against the accepted theory that the Syro-Hittite winged disk was inherited from Egypt. Iconographic traditions developed independently deeply embedded in local mythologies. From Sumer to Anatolia, the eagle ANZU myth created as scooped-out feature with originally short wings, and a Rosette disk, meaning ‘divinity’, as an alternate symbol for the eagle’s head. In the Nil Valley the founding theme is the identity between the Horus falcon and the king, a hero Bird-Man one, probably inherited from the Sumerian Gilgamesh cycle and adapted to the local culture of the Sed rejuvenating rituals. Nevertheless, the underlying saga seems to have been a universal one, on how to unite soul and heart, and achieve mystic theogamy within the body’s Sacred Tree. The saga seemed to have been much developed by Indo-European populations during the second millennium, rooted in Neolithic symbols, the main one being the Rosette. It finds revealing explanations, in the medieval Sanskrit Tantra texts, that distributed Vedic wisdom contemporary to the Hittite venture. Key Words: Winged sun disk. Sun cult. Bird-Man. Sacred Tree. Sacred Mariage. Tantrism. ----- During over four hundred years (1625-1210 B.C. or 1670-1185 B.C.), the Hittite kingdom rose and disappeared in a period that spanned active war and peace events between the dominating powers Assyria, Syria, Anatolia and Egypt (Freu, 2007; 25-26). Meanwhile treaties and diplomatic correspondences developed a common custom of referring to the king as ‘My Sun’, metaphorically meaning ‘His Majesty’ (CAD Љ: 336-337).
    [Show full text]
  • Perceptions of the Serpent in the Ancient Near East: Its Bronze Age Role in Apotropaic Magic, Healing and Protection
    PERCEPTIONS OF THE SERPENT IN THE ANCIENT NEAR EAST: ITS BRONZE AGE ROLE IN APOTROPAIC MAGIC, HEALING AND PROTECTION by WENDY REBECCA JENNIFER GOLDING submitted in accordance with the requirements for the degree of MASTER OF ARTS in the subject ANCIENT NEAR EASTERN STUDIES at the UNIVERSITY OF SOUTH AFRICA SUPERVISOR: PROFESSOR M LE ROUX November 2013 Snake I am The Beginning and the End, The Protector and the Healer, The Primordial Creator, Wisdom, all-knowing, Duality, Life, yet the terror in the darkness. I am Creation and Chaos, The water and the fire. I am all of this, I am Snake. I rise with the lotus From muddy concepts of Nun. I am the protector of kings And the fiery eye of Ra. I am the fiery one, The dark one, Leviathan Above and below, The all-encompassing ouroboros, I am Snake. (Wendy Golding 2012) ii SUMMARY In this dissertation I examine the role played by the ancient Near Eastern serpent in apotropaic and prophylactic magic. Within this realm the serpent appears in roles in healing and protection where magic is often employed. The possibility of positive and negative roles is investigated. The study is confined to the Bronze Age in ancient Egypt, Mesopotamia and Syria-Palestine. The serpents, serpent deities and deities with ophidian aspects and associations are described. By examining these serpents and deities and their roles it is possible to incorporate a comparative element into his study on an intra- and inter- regional basis. In order to accumulate information for this study I have utilised textual and pictorial evidence, as well as artefacts (such as jewellery, pottery and other amulets) bearing serpent motifs.
    [Show full text]
  • THE ARCHAEOLOGY of ACHAEMENID RULE in EGYPT by Henry Preater Colburn a Dissertation Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requ
    THE ARCHAEOLOGY OF ACHAEMENID RULE IN EGYPT by Henry Preater Colburn A dissertation submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy (Classical Art and Archaeology) in the University of Michigan 2014 Doctoral Committee: Professor Margaret C. Root, Chair Associate Professor Elspeth R. M. Dusinberre, University of Colorado Professor Sharon C. Herbert Associate Professor Ian S. Moyer Professor Janet E. Richards Professor Terry G. Wilfong © Henry Preater Colburn All rights reserved 2014 For my family: Allison and Dick, Sam and Gabe, and Abbie ii ACKNOWLEDGMENTS This dissertation was written under the auspices of the University of Michigan’s Interdepartmental Program in Classical Art and Archaeology (IPCAA), my academic home for the past seven years. I could not imagine writing it in any other intellectual setting. I am especially grateful to the members of my dissertation committee for their guidance, assistance, and enthusiasm throughout my graduate career. Since I first came to Michigan Margaret Root has been my mentor, advocate, and friend. Without her I could not have written this dissertation, or indeed anything worth reading. Beth Dusinberre, another friend and mentor, believed in my potential as a scholar well before any such belief was warranted. I am grateful to her for her unwavering support and advice. Ian Moyer put his broad historical and theoretical knowledge at my disposal, and he has helped me to understand the real potential of my work. Terry Wilfong answered innumerable questions about Egyptian religion and language, always with genuine interest and good humor. Janet Richards introduced me to Egyptian archaeology, both its study and its practice, and provided me with important opportunities for firsthand experience in Egypt.
    [Show full text]
  • The Symbols and Their Interpretation
    CHAPTER 111: THE SYMBOLS AND THEIR INTERPRETATION 111.1 GENERAL CHARACTERISTICS Tn-enty- nine of rhe Iron Age Common stelae are engraved with sjrmbols and all the Persian period tombstones re- present shrines strongly influenced by Egyptian inaiskoi. Some stelae bear nlore than one symbol: a combination of tn-O (12,14, 28, 441%three (12, 26. 27), and inore (stele 53-59) is attested. The execution of all symbols is characterized by poor n-orkinanship and lack of professional and artistic skills. The various representations are all very crude and the represented items are often simplified beyond recog- nition. With a fem- exceptions. they are simple incisions produced by cutting tools nrith a pointed eclge. There is no general rule as to n-here rhe symbol was placed on a stele. On the inscribed tonlbstones the sym- bol may be placed above (stele 5, 7. 12, 14. 15, 25) or belon- (17, 20. 32, 35. 38, 42) the name of the deceased. In one instance (stele 241, part of the inscription is above while the rest is below the motif. In another (stele 32), the inscription is placed between two syinbols, one above and one belon- it. On the uninscribed stelae, the symbol is differently situated: it may occupy the n-hole front side of the stone (stele 10, 11. 28. 44. 45) or it may be restricted -to its upper part (stele 6. 27). In most cases hon-ever. tlle stelae n-ere sawn making it difficult to deternline the lo- cation of the mctif. Different symbols n-ere identified on the stelae: some represent astral bodies.
    [Show full text]
  • Chapter XIV: Mitanni
    H. J. Kantor - Plant Ornament in the Ancient Near East, Chapter XIV: Mitanni CHAPTER XIV M I T A N N I Political unity does not necessarily entail a corresponding cultural or artistic unity. Particularly in the case of such a state as Mitanni with its highly diverse ethnic components, there arises the problem of whether craftsmen working within its borders were able to develop stylistic tendencies sufficiently independent to bear the name of the political entity in which they arose. Among the states of the Second Millennium B. C. the kingdom of Mitanni was one of the most artificial and short lived. For a few centuries, from approximately 1600 to 1375 B. C., certain areas of northern Syria, centering around the Habur valley, which neither before or after enjoyed an independent political union, were wielded into a single unit by a small ruling group, a dynasty of kings with Indo-European names, supported by a knightly class. Although the independence of Mitanni was only maintained by adroit manipulation of the unstable balance of power that was characteristic of the Near Eastern world in the latter part of the Second Millennium, this state was yet sometimes powerful enough to extend its influence and hegemony beyond its own frontiers. In addition to the ephemeral character of Mitanni and the well known ethnic diversity of the North Mesopotamian population, there also exists an archaeological gap to increase the difficulty of distinguishing the "Mitannian" material culture. Knowledge of the material culture of northern Mesopotamia during this period is drawn primarily from sites on the fringes of the Mitannian sphere of influence, such as Atchana on the Orontes or Nuzi in Assyria.
    [Show full text]
  • Winged Sun Symbolism in Protecting Egyptian Temple Since Modern
    Winged sun symbolism in protecting Egyptian temple since modern country era to Ptolemy era Archaeological civilization study Researcher/Mohamed El-ShahatAbd-el-megeed El-afify Faculty of literature-archaeology department-Kafr El-shiekh university. Introduction ; Protection is one of the most important and special topic in ancient Egyptian civilization, which was one of the most features that the ancient Egyptian needed to deliver to himself and to the others due to the nature of savage land of Egypt and the great dangers that made them trying to get close to whatever they worship to assure their goodness and staying away from their evilness ,but also create from it symbols that protect them. Many protective symbols appeared at the ancient Egyptian temples as they believe in their power to apply protection. As temple for the ancient Egyptian wasn’t just a building made of bricks but a living being with soul as the soul settles inside the body. One of those symbols was the winged tablet of the sun which considered one of the most important symbols at Egyptian temples. The research represents an introduction about how the tablet of sun converted into symbol of protection with its religious background that represented it on the walls of Egyptian temples. Then following the change in its shapes, designs and the places of its appearance on the fronts, doors, walls, and ceilings since the modern country era(1549-332)B.C. to the transition to the end of Ptolemy era 30B.C. Where the study handled temples of (Hatshepsut- luxor-City the first at Abidus-Habo-Hibs) which belong toPharaonic era.
    [Show full text]
  • Bowdoin College Museum of Art Assyria to America October 24
    Bowdoin College Museum of Art Assyria to America October 24, 2019–December 13, 2020 Labels Assyria to America explores the palace complex of the Assyrian king Ashurnasirpal II (883–859 BCE), who constructed a lavish and powerful new capital at Nimrud (ancient Kalhu). This urban center thrived for over two centuries before being destroyed by an alliance of Babylonians and Medes around 612 BCE. Its story continues to evolve today. Largely abandoned for over 2,000 years, the site of Nimrud was rediscovered by Sir Austen Henry Layard, an English explorer, diplomat, and archaeologist who excavated the site from 1845 to 1851. Layard and his successors sent numerous artifacts to the British Museum and other European collections while producing lavishly illustrated publications aimed at the general public. Growing fascination with Assyria coincided with an increased American presence in the region. Dr. Henri Byron Haskell (Bowdoin Medical School Class of 1855), a missionary in the Ottoman province of Mosul, recognized an opportunity and sent five impressive reliefs to the College. Since the nineteenth century, excavations and studies of ancient Assyria have continued. Today, despite serious damage inflicted on the site by the Islamic State (ISIS) in 2015, resolute efforts to better understand the Assyrians are leading to new ways of interpreting the past. 1 Bowdoin College Museum of Art I just returned from Mosul, Assyria where I have some very fine slabs from Nineveh [sic], which I shall be pleased to present to Bowdoin College my Medical School alma mater. Henri Byron Haskell to Professor Parker Cleaveland, July 3, 1857 Generous support for this exhibition comes from the Stevens L.
    [Show full text]
  • Some Remarks About the Religion of Persians in Egypt 128 TYTUS K
    CENTRE D’ARCHÉOLOGIE MÉDITERRANÉENNE DE L’ACADÉMIE POLONAISE DES SCIENCES ÉTUDES et TRAVAUX XXII 2008 TYTUS K. MIKOŁAJCZAK Some Remarks about the Religion of Persians in Egypt 128 TYTUS K. MIKOŁAJCZAK Around thirty years ago, Pierre Grelot wrote: Les Perses et autres Iraniens qui séjour- nent en Égypte pratiquent naturellement le culte de leurs dieux nationaux.1 Although such a statement may seem reasonable at fi rst glance, the sources are ambiguous on this matter. Research on Iranian religion2 in the time of the Achaemenids frequently met with diffi cul- ties in the interpretation of sources, which led some scholars to propose radically different conclusions.3 There are reasons to believe that the religious environment of ancient West- ern Iran was quite diversifi ed. It was a territory where the infl uences of different religions were merging together: in Fars the Persepolis Fortifi cation Tablets, for instance, provide evidence of cults of not just Iranian gods, but of Elamite ones as well.4 It is also likely that Iranian religion of the time was a mixture of different Mazdaean concepts and Old Ira- * The shorter version of this paper was delivered at the American Research Center in Egypt 58th Annual Meeting in Toledo, Ohio on April 20, 2007. I wish to thank Mark B. Garrison, Janet H. Johnson, Barbara Kaim and Marek Jan Olbrycht for reading the early draft of this paper and offering their insightful comments together with some bibliographical hints. I am also indebted to Bruce Lincoln and Jack Josephson for useful suggestions and providing several important bibliographic references.
    [Show full text]