DOCSLIB.ORG

Yahweh's Winged Form in the Psalms ORBIS BIBLICUS ET ORIENTALIS

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Yahweh's Winged Form in the Psalms ORBIS BIBLICUS ET ORIENTALIS Zurich Open Repository and Archive University of Zurich Main Library Strickhofstrasse 39 CH-8057 Zurich www.zora.uzh.ch Year: 2010 Yahweh’s Winged Form in the Psalms: Exploring Congruent Iconography and Texts LeMon, Joel M Abstract: The striking image of the winged Yahweh occurs in six psalms (e. g., Ps 17:8 “Hide me in the shadow of your wings”). Scholars have disagreed on the background, meaning, and significance of the image arguing that it: (1) likens the Israelite deity to a bird; (2) alludes to the winged sun disk; (3) draws from general Egyptian symbolism for protection; (4) evokes images of winged goddesses; or (5) refers to winged cherubim in the temple and/or on the ark of the covenant. These divergent proposals signal a need for clearer methods of interpreting biblical imagery in light of visual-artistic material from the ancient Near East. This volume refines iconographic methodologies by treating the image of the winged Yahweh as one among a constellation of literary images in each psalm. Since the portrayals of Yahweh in each psalm have distinct contours, one finds several congruencies in Syro-Palenstinian iconographic material. The congruent iconographic motifs for Yahweh’s winged form include (1) the winged sun disk (in multiple form and variations), (2) the Horus falcon, (3) winged suckling goddesses, and (4) winged deities in combat. No single image stands behind the portrayals of Yahweh. In fact, even within a single psalm, more than one iconographic trope can provide congruency with the literary imagery and inform the interpretation of the text. Thus, the winged Yahweh in the Psalms provides an example of a ‘multistable’ literary image, one which simultaneously evokes multiple iconographical motifs. Posted at the Zurich Open Repository and Archive, University of Zurich ZORA URL: https://doi.org/10.5167/uzh-152246 Monograph Published Version Originally published at: LeMon, Joel M (2010). Yahweh’s Winged Form in the Psalms: Exploring Congruent Iconography and Texts. Fribourg, Switzerland / Göttingen, Germany: Academic Press / Vandenhoeck Ruprecht. Joel M . LeM on Yahweh's Winged Form in the Psalms ORBIS BIBLICUS ET ORIENTALIS Published on behalf of the BIBLE+ORIENT Foundation in co-operation with the Department of Biblical Studies, University of Fribourg (Switzerland), the Egyptological Institute, University of Basel, the Institute of Archaeology, Near Eastern Section, University of Berne, the Institute of Bibi ical Research, University of Lausanne, the Department of Religious Studies, University of Zurich, and the Swiss Society for Ancient Near Eastern Studies by Susanne Bickel, Othmar Keel, Thomas C. Römer, Bernd U. Schipper, Daniel Schwemer and Christoph Uehlinger About the author Joel M. LeMon was born in Richmond, Virginia on June 25, 1976. He studied at the Shenandoah Conservatory of Music in Winchester, Virginia (1994- 1998) before earning the M.Div. degree from Princeton Theologi­ cal Seminary (2001) and a Ph.D. in the Hebrew Bible program at Emory University in Atlanta, Georgia (2007). He is currently Assistant Professor of O ld Testament at the Candler School of Theology and lhe Graduate Division of Religion at Emory University. He is the co-editor (with Kent Harold Richards) of Method Malters: Essays on the Interpretation of the Hebrew Bible in Honor of David L. Petersen (Resources for Biblical Study, 56), Atlanta, Georgia: Society of Biblical Literature and Leiden: Brill, 2009). Orbis Biblicus et Orientalis 242 Joel M. LeMon Yahweh's Wi nged Form in the Psalms Exploring Congruent lconography and Texts Academic Press Fribourg Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht Göttingen Publication subsidized by the Swiss Academy of Humanities and Social Sciences Internetgeneral catalogue: Academic Press Fribourg: w,'V\v.paulusedition.ch Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht, Göttingen: www.v-r.de Camera-rcady text submitted by the author 0 2010 by Academic Press Fribourg, Fribourg Switzerland Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht Göttingen ISBN: 978-3-7278-1670-3 (Academic Press Fribourg) ISBN: 978-3-525-54364-1 (Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht) ISSN: 1015-1850 (Orb. biblicus orient.) Digitalisat erstellt durch Florina Tischhauser, Religionswissenschaftliches Seminar, Universität Zürich To my wife Rebekah Contents Abbreviations XIII Chapter 1. lntroduction 1 1. Research Problem l 2. lconograpbic Methodologies 7 3. Utilizing Iconographic Evidence from the Ancient Near East 22 4. Format of Study 25 Chapter 2. Typology ofWing Iconography in the Syro-Palestinian Art from the Late Bronze to the Persian Period 27 1. Wings on Birds 28 1.A. Griffon Vultures 28 l .B. Falcons 31 I .C. Doves 34 1.D. Ostriches 36 l.E. Other Birds 37 2. Wings on Numinous Beings 38 2.A. Hybrid Figures (Mischwesen) 39 2.A. l . Winged Sphinxes 39 2.A.2. Winged Uraei 42 2.A.3. Winged Beetles 44 2.A.4. Winged Demons and Genii 45 2.B. Winged Deities 50 2.B.2. Anthropomorphic Winged Disk 53 2.B.3. Winged Anthropomorphic Gods 54 2.B.4. Winged Anthropomorphic Goddesses 56 3. Conclusion 58 Chapter 3. The lconic Structure of Psalm 17 and Congruent Images in Ancient Near Eastem Iconography 60 l. Translation of Psalm 17 60 Excursus: Text-critical Discussion on Psalm 17: 14 62 2. Literary Analysis 67 2.A. Structural Outline 67 2.B. Rhetorical Movement 67 2.C. Form and Setting 68 2.D. The Image of the Psalmist 69 2.E. The Image of the Enemy/Enemies 71 2.F. Tbe Image ofYahweh 71 Vill Y AHWEH'S WINGED FORM IN THE PSALMS 2.G. The Iconic Structure of Psalm l 73 3. lconographic Congruencies to the Constellations oflmages in Psalm 17 73 3.A. Winged Birds 74 3.B. Winged Cherubim 83 3.C. Winged Disks and Winged Anthropomorphic Deities 95 4. Conclusion: The Image of the Winged Yahweh in Psalm 17 111 Chapter 4. The Iconic Structure of Psalm 36 and Congruent Images in Ancient Near Eastern lconography 11 3 l. Translation of Psalm 36 113 2. Literary Analysis 115 2.A. Structural Outline 1 15 2.B. R11etorical Movement 115 2.C. Form and Setting 116 2.D. The Image of the Psalmist 116 2.E. The Image of the Enemy/Enemies 116 2.F. The Image ofYahweh 117 2.G. The Iconic Structure of Psalm 36 119 3. lconographic Congruencies to the Constellations oflmages in Psalm 36 119 4. Conclusion: The Image ofthe Winged Yahweh in Psalm 36 126 Chapter 5. The Iconic Structure of Psalm 57 and Congruent Images in Ancient Near Eastern lconography 129 l. Translation of Psalm 57 129 2. Literary Analysis 130 2.A. Structural Outline 130 2.B. Rhetorical Movement 13 1 2.C. Form and Setting 132 2.0 . The Image of the Psalmist 133 2.E. The Image of the Enemy/Enemies 134 2.F. The Image ofGod 135 2.G. The Iconic Structure of Psalm 57 136 3. lconographic Congruencies to the Constellations oflmages in Psalm 57 136 4. Conclusion: The Image of the Winged Yahweh in Psalm 57 140 Chapter 6. The lconic Structure of Psalm 61 and Congruent Images in Ancient Near Eastem Iconography 141 1. Translation of Psalm 61 161 2. Literary Analysis 142 2.A. Structural Outline 142 2.B. Rhetorical Movement 142 CONTENTS IX 2.C. Fom1 and Setting 143 2.D. The Image of the Psalmist 146 2.E. The Image ofthe Enemy/Enemies 147 2.F. The Image of God 148 2.G. The lconic Structure of Psalm 61 150 3. Jconographic Congruencies to the Constellations oflmages in Psalm 61 150 3.A. The Horus Falcon 150 3.B. The Winged Sun Disk 151 4. Conclusion: The Image of the Winged God in PsaJm 61 153 Chapter 7. The Iconic Strncture of Psalm 63 and Congiuent Images in Ancient Near Eastern Iconography 155 1. Translation of Psalm 63 155 2. Literary Analysis 157 2.A. Structw-al Outline 157 2.B. Rhetorical Movement 157 2.C. Form and Setting 157 2.D. The Image of the Psalmist 159 2.E. The Image of the Enemy/Enemies 161 2.F. The Image ofYahweh 162 2.G. The Iconic Structure of Psalm 63 164 3. lconographic Congruencies to the Constellations of Images in Psalm 63 164 3.A. The Winged Sun Disk 164 3.B. The Winged Dea Nutrix 165 4. Conclusion: The Image of the Winged God in Psalm 63 167 Chapter 8. The lconic Structure of Psalm 91 and Congruent Images in Ancient Near Eastern Iconography 169 l. Translation of Psalm 91 169 2. Litera1y Analysis 172 2.A. Sh·uctural Outline J 72 2.B. Rhetorical Movement 172 2.C. Form and Setting 173 2.D. Images and Refugees 175 2.E. The Image ofthe Enemy/Enemies 177 2.F. The Image ofYahweh 180 2.G. The Iconic Structure of Psalm 91 182 3. Iconographic Congruencies to the Constellations oflmages inPsalm91 183 3.A. The Winged Sun Disk 183 3.B. The Winged Warrior in Battle 184 4. Conclusion: The Image ofthe Winged Yahweh in Psalm 91 185 X YAHWEH'S WINGED FORM IN THE PSALMS Chapter 9. Conclusions 187 Figures 195 Bibliography 211 Index 225 Preface This monograph is a revised version of my doctoral dissertation submitted to the faculty of the Graduate Division of Religion of Emory University (May 2007). The completion of this project has been made possible by a host of individuals. First, I must express my deep gratitude to my disserta­ tion committee at Emory University: David L. Petersen, Brent A. Strawn, and Gay Robins. Each modeled scholarly diligence and graciousness. Moreover, at every stage of the project, they provided critical reflection and support. I must also thank Carol A. Newsom, who engaged my work at var­ ious points, both while I was a graduate student and since. I consider my­ self profoundly fortunate to be able to call these individuals my senior col­ leagues at Emory University.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Idolatry in the Ancient Near East1
    Idolatry in the Ancient Near East1 Ancient Near Eastern Pantheons Ammonite Pantheon The chief god was Moloch/Molech/Milcom. Assyrian Pantheon The chief god was Asshur. Babylonian Pantheon At Lagash - Anu, the god of heaven and his wife Antu. At Eridu - Enlil, god of earth who was later succeeded by Marduk, and his wife Damkina. Marduk was their son. Other gods included: Sin, the moon god; Ningal, wife of Sin; Ishtar, the fertility goddess and her husband Tammuz; Allatu, goddess of the underworld ocean; Nabu, the patron of science/learning and Nusku, god of fire. Canaanite Pantheon The Canaanites borrowed heavily from the Assyrians. According to Ugaritic literature, the Canaanite pantheon was headed by El, the creator god, whose wife was Asherah. Their offspring were Baal, Anath (The OT indicates that Ashtoreth, a.k.a. Ishtar, was Baal’s wife), Mot & Ashtoreth. Dagon, Resheph, Shulman and Koshar were other gods of this pantheon. The cultic practices included animal sacrifices at high places; sacred groves, trees or carved wooden images of Asherah. Divination, snake worship and ritual prostitution were practiced. Sexual rites were supposed to ensure fertility of people, animals and lands. Edomite Pantheon The primary Edomite deity was Qos (a.k.a. Quas). Many Edomite personal names included Qos in the suffix much like YHWH is used in Hebrew names. Egyptian Pantheon2 Egyptian religion was never unified. Typically deities were prominent by locale. Only priests worshipped in the temples of the great gods and only when the gods were on parade did the populace get to worship them. These 'great gods' were treated like human kings by the priesthood: awakened in the morning with song; washed and dressed the image; served breakfast, lunch and dinner.
    [Show full text]
  • Ancient Egyptians Believed in an Afterlife
    Note To the Teacher This kit is designed to help your students learn more about Ancient Egypt by viewing images from the Walters Art Museum collection. The scope ranges from the Middle Kingdom (Dynasties ca. 2061-1640 BCE) through the Ptolemaic Period (332-30 BCE). You will find ten images of objects from Ancient Egypt. In addition to the images, there is a timeline, essays about the museum objects; lesson plans for elementary, middle grades and high school, and bibliographies with resources to assist you in your class presentation. Resources include: a vocabulary list, books for you and your students, websites, videos and other art tools. TRK Borrowing Policy Please… 1. Return this kit in person or by mail on or by its due date. A valid credit card number is required to borrow Teacher Resource Kits. A $25.00 fee will be charged for kits that are returned up to one month late. Borrowers will be assessed the pur- chase cost of kits borrowed if materials are returned more than one month late. The box the TRK was sent in can be reused for its return. 2. Keep your TRK intact and in working order. You are responsible for the contents of this kit while it is in your possession. If any item is miss- ing or damaged, please contact the Department of School Programs at 410.547.9000, ext. 298, as soon as possible. 3. Fill out the TRK Evaluation so that kits can be improved with your input and student feedback. Please return the Teacher Resource Kit to: Department of School Programs Division of Education and Public Programs The Walters Art Museum 600 North Charles Street Baltimore, MD 21201-5185 Copyright Statement Materials contained in this Education kit are not to be reproduced or transmitted in any format, other than for educational use, without specific advance written permission from the Walters Art Museum.
    [Show full text]
  • ANTI U ITA T IS
    Q ANTI uITATIS S E R jOURNAL OF ANCIENT HISTORY CCentroentro ddee HHistóriaistória dede AAlém-Marlém-Mar VOLUME 2 2011 Universidade Nova de Lisboa Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia FFaculdadeaculdade ddee CCiênciasiências SSociaisociais e HHumanasumanas MINISTÉRIO DA CIÊNCIA, TECNOLOGIA E ENSINO SUPERIOR UUniversidadeniversidade ddosos AAçoresçores 2 ISSN 1647-5852 2011 Journal of Ancient history Volume 2 Res Antiquitatis. Journal of Ancient History Volume 2 / 2011 Price: € 12 Published by Centro de História de Além-Mar Universidade Nova de Lisboa / Universidade dos Açores [email protected] +351 21 790 8300 (ext. 1551) Sponsored by ISSN 1647-5852 Legal ref. code 308682/10 Copies: 250 Printed in Portugal by Papiro-Relevo, Lda. R. Bartolomeu Dias, n.º 5 R/C 2855-416 VALE DE MILHAÇOS Cover design: Marcel L. Paiva do Monte Editor Advisory Board Francisco Caramelo – Universidade Nova Jean-Claude Margueron – École Pratique de Lisboa des Hautes Études José Augusto Ramos – Universidade de Lisboa Assistant Editor Luís Filipe Thomaz – Universidade Católica Marcel L. Paiva Monte – Universidade Nova Portuguesa de Lisboa Maria Helena Trindade Lopes – Universidade Nova de Lisboa Editorial Board José Ribeiro Ferreira – Universidade de Coimbra António Ramos dos Santos – Universidade Francolino Gonçalves – École Biblique de Lisboa et Archéologique Française de Jérusalem José das Candeias Sales – Universidade Aberta Jack Sasson – Vanderbilt University Zoltán Biedermann – University of London Michel Hulin – Université Paris Sorbonne Juan Luis Montero
    [Show full text]
  • Pg 449-521 Sites
    449 5.3 SOUTHERN KINGDOM OF JUDAH 5.3.1 Hill Country of Judah BETH-ZUR Beth-Zur is identified as modern Khirbet Tubeiqah. It was an important city in Judah located on the old Jerusalem-Hebron road, about 20 miles south of Jerusalem and 4.5 miles north of Hebron. It controlled not only the southern approach to Jerusalem, but important routes to the Shephelah to the west. Beth-Zur is mentioned in several scriptures. It was on the town list for the territory of Judah (Joshua 15:58 and 1 Chronicles 2:45.), fortified by Rehoboam (2 Chron. 11:7) and later was the administrative center of a half-district in the day of Nehemiah (3:16). The excavations of Beth-Zur took place in 1931 and 1957, under the direction of O. R. Sellers. Almost 8,000 square meters of the summit of the Tell was cleared to bedrock in 1931. Fields I, II, and III were assigned to the plan of the excavation. Continuous excavation resulted in exposing the Iron Age I and II levels, Middle Bronze, and Early Bronze. Further work was done on Fields I and III on the northeast side of the city and Field II on the southeast. Both campaigns supplemented each other and supported the results of the first expedition. Remains of the Iron Age I settlement are concentrated for the most part on the north side of the hill. Numerous walls and piers of houses were found for this period during the 1931 dig. In 1957, it was discovered that during Iron 450 Age I the city area had been reduced in size on the north and a new city wall built.
    [Show full text]
  • 2008: 137-8, Pl. 32), Who Assigned Gateway XII to the First Building
    Durham Research Online Deposited in DRO: 29 November 2019 Version of attached le: Accepted Version Peer-review status of attached le: Peer-reviewed Citation for published item: Osborne, J. and Harrison, T. and Batiuk, S. and Welton, L. and Dessel, J.P. and Denel, E. and Demirci, O.¤ (2019) 'Urban built environments of the early 1st millennium BCE : results of the Tayinat Archaeological Project, 2004-2012.', Bulletin of the American Schools of Oriental Research., 382 . pp. 261-312. Further information on publisher's website: https://doi.org/10.1086/705728 Publisher's copyright statement: c 2019 by the American Schools of Oriental Research. Additional information: Use policy The full-text may be used and/or reproduced, and given to third parties in any format or medium, without prior permission or charge, for personal research or study, educational, or not-for-prot purposes provided that: • a full bibliographic reference is made to the original source • a link is made to the metadata record in DRO • the full-text is not changed in any way The full-text must not be sold in any format or medium without the formal permission of the copyright holders. Please consult the full DRO policy for further details. Durham University Library, Stockton Road, Durham DH1 3LY, United Kingdom Tel : +44 (0)191 334 3042 | Fax : +44 (0)191 334 2971 https://dro.dur.ac.uk Manuscript Click here to access/download;Manuscript;BASOR_Master_revised.docx URBAN BUILT ENVIRONMENTS OF THE EARLY FIRST MILLENNIUM BCE: RESULTS OF THE TAYINAT ARCHAEOLOGICAL PROJECT, 2004-2012 ABSTRACT The archaeological site of Tell Tayinat in the province of Hatay in southern Turkey was the principal regional center in the Amuq Plain and North Orontes Valley during the Early Bronze and Iron Ages.
    [Show full text]
  • Assyrian Dictionary
    oi.uchicago.edu THE ASSYRIAN DICTIONARY OF THE ORIENTAL INSTITUTE OF THE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO EDITORIAL BOARD IGNACE J. GELB, THORKILD JACOBSEN, BENNO LANDSBERGER, A. LEO OPPENHEIM 1956 PUBLISHED BY THE ORIENTAL INSTITUTE, CHICAGO 37, ILLINOIS, U.S.A. AND J. J. AUGUSTIN VERLAGSBUCHHANDLUNG, GLOCKSTADT, GERMANY oi.uchicago.edu INTERNATIONAL STANDARD BOOK NUMBER: 0-918986-11-7 (SET: 0-918986-05-2) LIBRARY OF CONGRESS CATALOG CARD NUMBER: 56-58292 ©1956 by THE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO ALL RIGHTS RESERVED THE ORIENTAL INSTITUTE, CHICAGO, ILLINOIS Fifth Printing 1995 PRINTED IN THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA COMPOSITION BY J. J. AUGUSTIN, GLUCKSTADT oi.uchicago.edu THE ASSYRIAN DICTIONARY VOLUME 5 G A. LEO OPPENHEIM, EDITOR-IN-CHARGE WITH THE ASSISTANCE OF ERICA REINER AND MICHAEL B. ROWTON RICHARD T. HALLOCK, EDITORIAL SECRETARY oi.uchicago.edu oi.uchicago.edu Foreword The present volume of the CAD follows in general the pattern established in Vol. 6 (H). Only in minor points such as the organization of the semantic section, and especially in the lay-out of the printed text, have certain simplifications and improvements been introduced which are meant to facilitate the use of the book. On p. 149ff. additions and corrections to Vol. 6 are listed and it is planned to continue this practice in the subsequent volumes of the CAD in order to list new words and important new references, as well as to correct mistakes made in previous volumes. The Supplement Volume will collect and republish alphabetically all that material. The Provisional List of Bibliographical Abbreviations has likewise been brought a jour.
    [Show full text]
  • Halaf Settlement in the Iraqi Kurdistan: the Shahrizor Survey Project
    The Archaeology of the Kurdistan Region of Iraq and Adjacent Regions Access Open Edited by Konstantinos Kopanias and John MacGinnis Archaeopress Archaeopress Archaeology Copyright Archaeopress and the authors 2016 Archaeopress Publishing Ltd Gordon House 276 Banbury Road Oxford OX2 7ED www.archaeopress.com ISBN 978 1 78491 393 9 ISBN 978 1 78491 394 6 (e-Pdf) © Archaeopress and the authors 2016 Access Cover illustration: Erbil Citadel, photo Jack Pascal Open All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying or otherwise, without the prior written permission of the copyright owners. Archaeopress Printed in England by Holywell Press, Oxford This book is available direct from Archaeopress or from our website www.archaeopress.com Copyright Archaeopress and the authors 2016 Contents List of Figures and Tables ........................................................................................................................iv Authors’ details ..................................................................................................................................... xii Preface ................................................................................................................................................. xvii Archaeological investigations on the Citadel of Erbil: Background, Framework and Results.............. 1 Dara Al Yaqoobi, Abdullah Khorsheed Khader, Sangar Mohammed, Saber Hassan Hussein, Mary Shepperson and John MacGinnis The site
    [Show full text]
  • Of Malachi Studies of the Old Testament's Ethical Dimensions
    ABSTRACT The Moral World(s) of Malachi Studies of the Old Testament’s ethical dimensions have taken one of three approaches: descriptive, systematic, or formative. Descriptive approaches are concerned with the historical world, social context, and streams of tradition out of which OT texts developed and their diverse moral perspectives. Systematic approaches investigate principles and paradigms that encapsulate the unity of the OT and facilitate contemporary appropriation. Formative approaches embrace the diversity of the OT ethical witnesses and view texts as a means of shaping the moral imagination, fostering virtues, and forming character The major phase of this investigation pursues a descriptive analysis of the moral world of Malachi—an interesting case study because of its location near the end of the biblical history of Israel. A moral world analysis examines the moral materials within texts, symbols used to represent moral ideals, traditions that helped shape them, and the social world (political, economic, and physical) in which they are applied. This study contributes a development to this reading methodology through a categorical analysis of moral foundations, expectations, motives, and consequences. This moral world reading provides insight into questions such as what norms and traditions shaped the morals of Malachi’s community? What specific priorities, imperatives, and injunctions were deemed important? How did particular material, economic, and political interests shape moral decision-making? How did religious symbols bring together their view of the world and their social values? The moral world reading is facilitated by an exploration of Malachi’s social and symbolic worlds. Social science data and perspectives are brought together from an array of sources to present six important features of Malachi’s social world.
    [Show full text]
  • Representation of Solar Deities in Major Global Mythologies the Neolithic (New Stone Age)
    Tihomir Živić, Ph. D., Asst. Prof. Representation of Solar Deities in Major Global Mythologies The Neolithic (New Stone Age) • Middle East, i.e., the Levant (presently Cyprus, Israel, Jordan, Lebanon, Palestine, Syria, and Turkey), approximately 10,200 BC to 2,000 BC: revolutionary behavioral and cultural alterations (e.g., terracotta ceramic, cereal farming, domestication of animals) → a single (Levantine) human species (Homo sapiens sapiens); • the Latin name “Levant” also etymologically connected to the rising Sun (cf. the verb levare). 4/19/2015 Živić, Representations 2 of Solar Deities Fig. 1: A satellite photograph depicting the present-day Levant. Fig. 2: A museal reconstruction of the “modern” Neolithic man. 4/19/2015 Živić, Representations 3 of Solar Deities Solar Barque • a Neolithic petroglyph concept, mythologically represents the Sun riding in a vessel (a barge or a boat) → exerted a direct influence on the ancient (predynastic) Egypt; • cf. the symbolic “Khufu ship,” 43.6-meter long, disassembled in 1,224 pieces, Great Pyramid of Giza, 2,500 BC, buried into a pit (two ditches), sealed off by 40 blocks (20 tones each) → subsequently, other pharaonic boats modeled on this King Cheops’ paragon. 4/19/2015 Živić, Representations 4 of Solar Deities Fig. 3: Great Pyramid of Giza, Egypt. Fig. 4: King Cheops’ solar barque, rediscovered by the Egyptian archeologist Kamal el-Mallakh in 1954, reassembled after a decennium and exhibited in a separate museum erected nearby. 4/19/2015 Živić, Representations 5 of Solar Deities Mesopotamia (“Fertile Crescent”) • Bronze Age (ca. 1,200 BC): utilization of bronze → the cradle of civilization (the deltas of the Euphrates and the Tigris, presently in Iran, Iraq, Kuwait, Syria, and Turkey), first scripts (cuneiform, later hieroglyphic); • Shamash (Assyria, Babylonia = a solar deity) → eventually, a linguistic influence as well (i.e., a royalty addressed as “my Sun”).
    [Show full text]
  • Interaction of Aramaeans and Assyrians on the Lower Khabur
    Syria Archéologie, art et histoire 86 | 2009 Dossier : Interaction entre Assyriens et Araméens Interaction of Aramaeans and Assyrians on the Lower Khabur Hartmut Kühne Electronic version URL: http://journals.openedition.org/syria/509 DOI: 10.4000/syria.509 ISSN: 2076-8435 Publisher IFPO - Institut français du Proche-Orient Printed version Date of publication: 1 November 2009 Number of pages: 43-54 ISBN: 9782351591512 ISSN: 0039-7946 Electronic reference Hartmut Kühne, « Interaction of Aramaeans and Assyrians on the Lower Khabur », Syria [Online], 86 | 2009, Online since 01 July 2016, connection on 22 May 2020. URL : http://journals.openedition.org/ syria/509 ; DOI : https://doi.org/10.4000/syria.509 © Presses IFPO INTERACTION OF ARAMAEANS AND ASSYRIANS ON THE LOWER KHABUR Hartmut KÜHNE Freie Universität Berlin Résumé – Le modèle centre/périphérie a souvent été utilisé pour expliquer les relations entre Assyriens et Araméens. Il est de plus en plus clair que ce modèle n’est pas apte à rendre compte de l’interaction entre ces deux groupes ethniques. Il convient de se défaire de l’idée de l’influence sur la périphérie et de chercher plutôt les signes des processus d’émulation qui ont lieu entre deux groupes équivalents culturellement et qui s’affrontent dans un territoire sans suprématie politique. Au cours du temps — environ 500 ans, entre 1100 et 600 av. J.-C. —, la situation politique change et avec elle les formes de l’interaction perceptibles au travers des différents traits culturels, illustrés par les objets découverts en fouille. De fait, on doit s’attendre à ce que ces objets reflètent différentes étapes d’émulation et deviennent potentiellement des hybrides, plus ou moins élaborés, ou des transferts plus ou moins profondément modifiés.
    [Show full text]
  • PHRYGIA VE DEMİR DEVRİNDE ANADOLU KAVİMLERİ* Ömer
    PHRYGIA VE DEMİR DEVRİNDE ANADOLU KAVİMLERİ* Ömer ÇAPAR Yaklaşık M.Ö. XII. yüzyıl ortalarında Eskidoğu ve Eskibatı kül­ tür bölgelerinde kendini gösteren yeni tarihsel olaylar, bu zamanda demir mâdeni ve teknolojisinin doğuşu ve gelişimiyle doğrudan bağın­ tılıdır. Gerçekten, demir teknolojisinin böylece ortaya çıkışı, M.Ö. II. bin yılın bronz teknolojisine dayalı Eskidoğu (Hitit-Mısır-Babil-Mitan- ni) ve Eskibatı (Mykenai-Akha) devletlerinin merkezi-bürokratik ya­ pılarının sarsılmasını ve yıkılmasını sonuçlarken^ öte yanda Ege havzasının doğusunda ve batısındaki kuvvetler dengesini de parçala­ mış ve yeni yeni siyasal, sosyal, ekonomik, kültürel değişiklikler doğur­ muştur. İşte, Eskibatı topraklarından çıkıp Eskidoğu dünyasında -Anar dolu'da- kendilerine yurt arayan, Hint-Avrupai dil ailesine mensup Phryg'ler, eski Anadolu kültürünün oluşumunda önemli rol oynayan kavimlerden biridir. Çevirisini sunduğumuz bu makale, çeşitli açılar­ dan bu kavim ve kültürünün anlaşılmasında, yazarının gerek Eski­ doğu gerekse Eskibatı kültür formasyonu bakımından yetkinliğinden dolayı, gerçekten bilgi boşluklarımızı dolduracak niteliktedir. Hitit imparatorluğu M.Ö. 1200 civarında istilacıların ellerinde yıkıntılar içinde çökmüştür; bu istilacılar arasında doğu sınırındaki geleneksel düşmanları Kaşka kavimleri kesin olarak belirtilmiştir. Ülke üzerine bir göçebe sürüsü ya da sürüleri sel gibi akmıştır. Kazılar doğu­ da, Hitit başkenti Boğazköy'de, Alacahöyük'de ve Alişar'da yangının neden olduğu bir tahrip tabakası açığa çıkarmıştır1. O zamana değin * İngilizce'den çevirisini yaptığımız bu makale, R.D. Barnett, "Phrygia and the Peoples of Anatolia in the Iron Age". Cambridge Ancient History H/30 (1967), Cambridge. s. 1-32 adıyla ayrı basım olarak yayımlanmıştır. 1 Boğazköy (Büyükkale): Bittel, K. — Naumann, R. Boğazköy - Hattuşa: Ergebnisse der Ausgrabungen 1931-39 (W.V.D~.O.G. 63). Stuttgart, 1952.
    [Show full text]
  • Toward a New Synthesis of the God of Edom and Yahweh
    Kelley, Justin Toward a new synthesis of the god of Edom and Yahweh Antiguo Oriente: Cuadernos del Centro de Estudios de Historia del Antiguo Oriente Vol. 7, 2009 Este documento está disponible en la Biblioteca Digital de la Universidad Católica Argentina, repositorio institucional desarrollado por la Biblioteca Central “San Benito Abad”. Su objetivo es difundir y preservar la producción intelectual de la institución. La Biblioteca posee la autorización del autor para su divulgación en línea. Cómo citar el documento: Kelley, Justin. “Toward a new synthesis of the god of Edom and Yaheweh”. Antiguo Oriente: Cuadernos del Centro de Estudios de Historia del Antiguo Oriente 7 (2009). http://bibliotecadigital.uca.edu.ar/repositorio/revistas/toward- new-synthesis-god-edom.pdf (Se recomienda indicar al finalizar la cita bibliográfica la fecha de consulta entre corchetes. Ej: [consulta: 19 de agosto, 2010]). TOWARD A NEW SYntHESIS * OF THE GOD OF EDOM AND YAHWEH JUSTIN KELLEY [email protected] Life Pacific College USA Summary: Toward a New Synthesis of the God of Edom and Yahweh This article deals primarily with two things: 1) the history and nature of the Edomite deity Qos, as far as these can be determined from the known archaeological and textual evidence, and 2) the similarities between Qos and Yahweh, the god of Israel, particularly in regard to the theories concerning the origins of the deities. Through the article I will consider some of the recent suggestions concerning the origin of Qos and how this may relate to the origin of Yahweh. I will suggest that both deities originated in the northwestern portion of the Arabian Peninsula and, that ultimately, the mutual origin of the deities accounts for the fact that the Bible makes no reference to Qos as the god of Edom.
    [Show full text]