Halaf Settlement in the Iraqi Kurdistan: the Shahrizor Survey Project
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TOKENS Culture, Connections, Communities EDITED BY ANTONINO CRISÀ, MAIRI GKIKAKI and CLARE ROWAN ROYAL NUMISMATIC SOCIETY SPECIAL PUBLICATION NO. 57 LONDON 2019 © The authors Royal Numismatic Society Special Publication No. 57 ISBN 0 901405 35 3 All rights reserved. No parts of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical photocopy- ing, recording or otherwise, without the prior permission of the authors. Typeset by New Leaf Design, Malton, Yorkshire Printed in Malta by Gutenberg Press Ltd, Tarxien, Malta CONTENTS 1 Introduction by ANTONINO CRISÀ, MAIRI GKIKAKI & CLARE ROWAN 1 2 The invention of tokens by DENISE SCHMANDT-BESSERAT 11 3 Some notes on Athenian bronze tokens and bronze coinage in the fifth and fourth centuries BC by KENNETH A. SHEEDY 19 4 Tokens inside and outside excavation contexts: seeking the origin. Examples of clay tokens from the collections of the Athens Numismatic Museum by STAMATOULA MAKRYPODI 27 5 The armour tokens from the Athenian Agora by MARTIN SCHÄFER 41 6 A rare clay token in context: a fortunate and recorded discovery from the necropolis of Tindari (Messina, 1896) by ANTONINO CRISÀ 63 7 Roman tesserae with numerals: some thoughts on iconography and purpose by ALEXA KÜTER 79 8 Lead token moulds from Rome and Ostia by CLARE ROWAN 95 9 Tokens of Antinous from the Roman province of Egypt by DENISE WILDING 111 10 Tokens in the Athenian Agora in the third century AD: Advertising prestige and civic identity in Roman Athens -
The Archaeology of the Kurdistan Region of Iraq and Adjacent Regions
Copyrighted material. No unauthorized reproduction in any medium. The Archaeology of the Kurdistan Region of Iraq and Adjacent Regions Edited by Konstantinos Kopanias and John MacGinnis Archaeopress Archaeology Copyrighted material. No unauthorized reproduction in any medium. Archaeopress Publishing Ltd Gordon House 276 Banbury Road Oxford OX2 7ED www.archaeopress.com ISBN 978 1 78491 393 9 ISBN 978 1 78491 394 6 (e-Pdf) © Archaeopress and the authors 2016 Cover illustration: Erbil Citadel, photo Jack Pascal All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying or otherwise, without the prior written permission of the copyright owners. Printed in England by Holywell Press, Oxford This book is available direct from Archaeopress or from our website www.archaeopress.com Copyrighted material. No unauthorized reproduction in any medium. Contents List of Figures and Tables ........................................................................................................................iv Authors’ details ..................................................................................................................................... xii Preface ................................................................................................................................................. xvii Archaeological investigations on the Citadel of Erbil: Background, Framework and Results.............. 1 Dara Al Yaqoobi, Abdullah Khorsheed Khader, Sangar Mohammed, Saber -
The Delegation of Power : Neo-Assyrian Bureau Seals
The delegation of power : Neo-Assyrian bureau seals Karen Radner, University College London1 Summary Bureau seals are an innovation of the Assyrian administration to cope with the delegation of power that running a world empire demanded. By placing some bureau seals in their historical context we fi nd indications that these seal types were introduced not at once but at various points in Neo-Assyrian history, refl ecting changes in the balance of power. 1 Introduction Among the most durable and infl uential legacies of Mesopotamian civilization are surely its administrative technologies or, to use Carl Lamberg-Karlovsky’s term, its “technologies of social control” (Lamberg-Karlovsky 1996 : 93). It seemed therefore appropriate for a conference focussing on some of the richest materials illustrating the Achaemenid imperial administration, the Persepolis Fortifi cation Archive, to draw attention to the administra- tive technologies of the Neo-Assyrian empire, a predecessor of the Achaemenid empire as the predominant force controlling the ‘world’, as it was perceived at the time. The Assyrian Empire was the fi rst large empire to exercise hegemony over the central world-system core, affecting the fate of regions far beyond its boundaries. But how did Assyria, and the succeeding ancient empires, cohere ? Mitchell Allen, in a contribution to a volume exploring the historical evolution of pre-modern world-systems, has recently emphasized, and 1 This study was prepared for the Paris conference but I also had the opportunity to present parts of its content in lectures delivered in Oxford (November 2006), Cambridge (February 2007) and Verona (April 2007) ; my paper has profi ted from the discussion at all occasions. -
An In-Depth Study of the Tell Brak Eye Idols in the 4Th Millennium BCE: with a Primary Focus on Function and Meaning
1 The Eyes Have It An In-Depth Study of the Tell Brak Eye Idols in the 4th Millennium BCE: with a primary focus on function and meaning Honours Thesis Department of Archaeology The University of Sydney Arabella Cooper 430145722 Submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements of the degree of Bachelor of Arts (Honours) in the Department of Archaeology at the University of Sydney, Australia, 2016. 2 “In the present state of our knowledge there are very few archaeological discoveries which can be described as unique, but one class of objects from Brak is unique-the eye-idols or images which turned up in thousands in the grey brick stratum of the earlier Eye-Temple" M.E.L Mallowan, 1947, Excavations at Brak and Chagar Bazar, 33. Cover Image: Figures 1-5. M.E.L Mallowan, 1947, Excavations at Brak and Chagar Bazar, 33. 3 Statement of Authorship The research described in this thesis, except where referenced, is the original work of the author and was a discrete project supervised by Dr Alison Betts. This thesis has not been submitted for the award of any other degree or diploma in any other tertiary institution. No other individual’s work has been used without accurate referencing and acknowledgement in the main text of the thesis. Arabella Cooper, November 2016 4 Acknowledgments As with any major study or work, you do not toil in isolation and the writing of this thesis is no different. I first would like to thank my supervisor Professor Alison Betts, and even more so the wonderful staff at the Nicholson Museum Candace Richards and Karen Alexander for their patience and advise. -
Hassuna Samarra Halaf
arch 1600. archaeologies of the near east joukowsky institute for archaeology and the ancient world spring 2008 Emerging social complexities in Mesopotamia: the Chalcolithic in the Near East. February 20, 2008 Neolithic in the Near East: early sites of socialization “neolithic revolution”: domestication of wheat, barley, sheep, goat: early settled communities (ca 10,000 to 6000 BC) Mudding the world: Clay, mud and the technologies of everyday life in the prehistoric Near East • Pottery: associated with settled life: storage, serving, prestige pots, decorated and undecorated. • Figurines: objects of everyday, magical and cultic use. Ubiquitous for prehistoric societies especially. In clay and in stone. • Mud-brick as architectural material: Leads to more structured architectural constructions, perhaps more rectilinear spaces. • Tokens, hallow clay balls, tablets and early writing technologies: related to development o trade, tools of urban administration, increasing social complexity. • Architectural models: whose function is not quite obvious to us. Maybe apotropaic, maybe for sale purposes? “All objects of pottery… figments of potter’s will, fictions of his memory and imagination.” J. L. Myres 1923, quoted in Wengrow 1998: 783. What is culture in “culture history” (1920s-1960s) ? Archaeological culture = a bounded and binding ethnic/cultural unit within a defined geography and temporal/spatial “horizons”, uniformly and unambigously represented in the material culture, manifested by artifactual assemblage. pots=people? • “Do cultures actually -
Integrative Attempts to Study Cattle Domestication: Biomechanical Archaeology of First and Second Phalanges As a Proxy for Decip
Integrative attempts to study cattle domestication: Biomechanical archaeology of first and second phalanges as a proxy for deciphering animal activity patterns in prehistoric time Kaveh Yousef Pouran∗y1, Maria Sa~naSegu´ı1, and Juan Anton Barcelo1 1Universitat Aut`onomade Barcelona [Barcelona] (UAB) { UAB Campus 08193 Bellaterra Barcelona, Espagne R´esum´e Wild animals expend considerable amount of energy in foraging to satisfy requirements such as food and water, social interactions and finding shelter. In captivity, they depend on human and expended energy and time is much reduced. Knowing the behavioral aspects of wild-domestic evolution is necessary to comprehend domestication process. We present in this communication the results obtained with the application of biomechanical concepts to the study of bovine domestication processes. Considering the recent findings on the bone biomechanics, with the corporation of multi- body dynamics and locomotion simulation, this work is oriented to stablish morphological indicators differentiating domestication at the transitional stage based on behavioral changes experienced by captive or tamed animals. A series of mathematical algorithms are proposed for accessing the information enfolded in bone tissue. Load estimation algorithm, which is based on bone histomorphology, provides an opportunity to quantitatively examine activity level of animals. With the aim to obtain new data about cattle domestication in the Near East, a total of 112 cattle first and second phalanx recovered in tell Halula site (7700 cal BC to 5500 cal BC, Euphrates valley, Syria) has been selected and scanned. Scanned data were converted to .obj surface structure and surfaces then were optimized and 315 landmarks were selected and pinpointed on each specimen. -
00800721.Pdf
Land use changes and crop productivity in early agriculture: comparison with current conditions in the mid-Euphrates valley Ferrio J.P., Arab G., Bort J., Buxó R., Molist M., Voltas J., Araus J.L. in Karam F. (ed.), Karaa K. (ed.), Lamaddalena N. (ed.), Bogliotti C. (ed.). Harmonization and integration of water saving options. Convention and promotion of water saving policies and guidelines Bari : CIHEAM / EU DG Research Options Méditerranéennes : Série B. Etudes et Recherches; n. 59 2007 pages 167-174 Article available on line / Article disponible en ligne à l’adresse : -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- http://om.ciheam.org/article.php?IDPDF=800721 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- To cite this article / Pour citer cet article -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Ferrio J.P., Arab G., Bort J., Buxó R., Molist M., Voltas J., Araus J.L. Land use changes and crop productivity in early agriculture: comparison with current conditions in the mid-Euphrates valley. In : Karam F. (ed.), Karaa K. (ed.), Lamaddalena N. (ed.), Bogliotti C. (ed.). Harmonization and integration of water saving options. Convention and promotion of water saving policies -
Hanigalbat and the Land Hani
Arnhem (nl) 2015 – 3 Anatolia in the bronze age. © Joost Blasweiler student Leiden University - [email protected] Hanigal9bat and the land Hana. From the annals of Hattusili I we know that in his 3rd year the Hurrian enemy attacked his kingdom. Thanks to the text of Hattusili I (“ruler of Kussara and (who) reign the city of Hattusa”) we can be certain that c. 60 years after the abandonment of the city of Kanesh, Hurrian armies extensively entered the kingdom of Hatti. Remarkable is that Hattusili mentioned that it was not a king or a kingdom who had attacked, but had used an expression “the Hurrian enemy”. Which might point that formerly attacks, raids or wars with Hurrians armies were known by Hattusili king of Kussara. And therefore the threatening expression had arisen in Hittite: “the Hurrian enemy”. Translation of Gary Beckman 2008, The Ancient Near East, editor Mark W. Chavalas, 220. The cuneiform texts of the annal are bilingual: Babylonian and Nesili (Hittite). Note: 16. Babylonian text: ‘the enemy from Ḫanikalbat entered my land’. The Babylonian text of the bilingual is more specific: “the enemy of Ḫanigal9 bat”. Therefore the scholar N.B. Jankowska1 thought that apparently the Hurrian kingdom Hanigalbat had existed probably from an earlier date before the reign of Hattusili i.e. before c. 1650 BC. Normally with the term Mittani one is pointing to the mighty Hurrian kingdom of the 15th century BC 2. Ignace J. Gelb reported 3 on “the dragomans of the Habigalbatian soldiers/workers” in an Old Babylonian tablet of Amisaduqa, who was a contemporary with Hattusili I. -
Ch. 4. NEOLITHIC PERIOD in JORDAN 25 4.1
Borsa di studio finanziata da: Ministero degli Affari Esteri di Italia Thanks all …………. I will be glad to give my theses with all my love to my father and mother, all my brothers for their helps since I came to Italy until I got this degree. I am glad because I am one of Dr. Ursula Thun Hohenstein students. I would like to thanks her to her help and support during my research. I would like to thanks Dr.. Maysoon AlNahar and the Museum of the University of Jordan stuff for their help during my work in Jordan. I would like to thank all of Prof. Perreto Carlo and Prof. Benedetto Sala, Dr. Arzarello Marta and all my professors in the University of Ferrara for their support and help during my Phd Research. During my study in Italy I met a lot of friends and specially my colleges in the University of Ferrara. I would like to thanks all for their help and support during these years. Finally I would like to thanks the Minister of Fournier of Italy, Embassy of Italy in Jordan and the University of Ferrara institute for higher studies (IUSS) to fund my PhD research. CONTENTS Ch. 1. INTRODUCTION 1 Ch. 2. AIMS OF THE RESEARCH 3 Ch. 3. NEOLITHIC PERIOD IN NEAR EAST 5 3.1. Pre-Pottery Neolithic A (PPNA) in Near east 5 3.2. Pre-pottery Neolithic B (PPNB) in Near east 10 3.2.A. Early PPNB 10 3.2.B. Middle PPNB 13 3.2.C. Late PPNB 15 3.3. -
The Spatial Dimensions of Early Mesopotamian Urbanism: the Tell Brak Suburban Survey, 2003-2006
The Spatial Dimensions of Early Mesopotamian Urbanism: The Tell Brak Suburban Survey, 2003-2006 The Harvard community has made this article openly available. Please share how this access benefits you. Your story matters Citation Ur, Jason, Philip Karsgaard, and Joan Oates. 2011. The Spatial Dimensions of Early Mesopotamian Urbanism: The Tell Brak Suburban Survey, 2003-2006. Iraq 73: 1-19. Published Version http://www.britac.ac.uk/INSTITUTES/IRAQ/journal.htm Citable link http://nrs.harvard.edu/urn-3:HUL.InstRepos:5366597 Terms of Use This article was downloaded from Harvard University’s DASH repository, and is made available under the terms and conditions applicable to Other Posted Material, as set forth at http:// nrs.harvard.edu/urn-3:HUL.InstRepos:dash.current.terms-of- use#LAA VOLUME LXXIII • 2011 CONTENTS Editorial iii Obituaries: Dr Donny George Youkhanna, Mrs Rachel Maxwell-Hyslop v Jason Ur, Philip Karsgaard and Joan Oates: The spatial dimensions of early Mesopotamian urbanism: The Tell Brak suburban survey, 2003–2006 1 Carlo Colantoni and Jason Ur: The architecture and pottery of a late third-millennium residential quarter at Tell Hamoukar, north-eastern Syria 21 David Kertai: Kalæu’s palaces of war and peace: Palace architecture at Nimrud in the ninth century bc 71 Joshua Jeffers: Fifth-campaign reliefs in Sennacherib’s “Palace Without Rival” at Nineveh 87 M. P. Streck and N. Wasserman: Dialogues and riddles: Three Old Babylonian wisdom texts 117 Grégory Chambon and Eleanor Robson: Untouchable or unrepeatable? The upper end of -
Iscrizioni Reali Dal Vicino Oriente Antico Assiria
Università di Pisa Dpt. di Civiltà e Forme del Sapere ISCRIZIONI REALI DAL VICINO ORIENTE ANTICO ASSIRIA Materiali per il corso di Storia del Vicino Oriente antico Traduzione di Giuseppe Del Monte Pisa – 2013 2 3 SOMMARIO L’ETÀ DEL MEDIO BRONZO 5-11 Zarriqum (ca. 2050-2042) 6 Costruzione del tempio di Bēlet-ekallim Sillūlu (ca. 2000?) 6 Impronte di sigillo da Kültepe Šallim-aḫum (ca. 1970) 6 Costruzione del tempio di Assur ad Assur Ilu-šumma (ca. 1950) 7 Costruzione del tempio di Ištar ad Assur Erišum I (ca. 1940-1910) 7 Lavori al tempio ad Assur La Porta del tribunale Šamšī-Adad I (ca. 1833-1776) 9 Ricostruzione del tempio di Assur ad Assur Ricostruzione del tempio di Ištar a Ninive L’ETÀ DEL TARDO BRONZO 13-29 Puzur-Assur III (ca. 1500) 15 Lavori al tempio di Ištar ad Assur Assur-bēl-nišēšu (1417-1409) 15 Costruzione di un muro ad Assur Assur-rīm-nišēšu (1408-1401) 15 Costruzione di un muro ad Assur Assur-uballit I (1363-1328) 16 Costruzione di un edificio ad Assur Eliminazione di una sorgente d’acqua Enlil-nērārī (1327-1318) 17 Restauro delle mura esterne di Assur Arik-dīn-ili (1317-1306) 17 Costruzione del tempio di Šamaš Adad-nērārī I (1305-1274) 18 Progetto di costruzione di un palazzo a Taite Salmanassar I (1273-1244) 20 Restauro del tempio del dio Assur Eḫursagkurkurra Tukultī-Ninurta I (1243-1207) 22 Costruzione dell’Elugalumunkurkurra ad Assur Costruzione della nuova residenza regia Kar-Tukultī-Ninurta Assur-nādin-apli (1206-1203) 27 Deviazione del corso del Tigri Assur-rēša-iši I (1133-1116) 28 Restauri al tempio di Ištar di -
Neolithic Period Is Accepted to Be One of the Most Important
SOCIAL CONTEXT OF SMALL FIND DISTRIBUTION AT DOMUZTEPE; RITUAL DISPLAY AND SOCIETY A THESIS SUBMITTED TO THE GRADUATE SCHOOL OF SOCIAL SCIENCES OF MIDDLE EAST TECHNICAL UNIVERSITY BY DENİZ ERDEM IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY IN THE DEPARTMENT OF SETTLEMENT ARCHAEOLOGY SEPTEMBER 2013 Approval of the Graduate School of Social Sciences Prof. Dr. Meliha Altunışık Director I certify that this thesis satisfies all the requirements as a thesis for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy. Doç. Dr. D. Burcu Erciyas Head of Department This is to certify that we have read this thesis and that in our opinion it is fully adequate, in scope and quality, as a thesis for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy. Assist. Prof. Dr. Çiğdem Atakuman Supervisor Examining Committee Members Prof. Dr. Numan Tuna (METU,SA) Prof. Dr. Asuman Türkmenoğlu (METU, ARME) Prof. Dr. Yılmaz S. Erdal (H.Ü. ANT.) Assoc. Prof. Dr. Jan Bertram (METU, SA) Assist. Prof. Dr. Çiğdem Atakuman (METU, SA) I hereby declare that all information in this document has been obtained and presented in accordance with academic rules and ethical conduct. I also declare that, as required by these rules and conduct, I have fully cited and referenced all material and results that are not original to this work. Name, Last Name: Deniz Erdem Signature : iii ABSTRACT SOCIAL CONTEXT OF SMALL FIND DISTRIBUTION AT DOMUZTEPE; RITUAL DISPLAY AND SOCIETY Erdem, Deniz Ph.D., Department of Settlement Archaeology Supervisor: Assist Prof. Dr. Çiğdem Atakuman September 2013, 178 pages This study examines the spatial distribution of small finds within a late Neolithic ritual context at the site of Domuztepe-Kahramanmaraş (c.