PAGADEBITI, PASSERINA E BOMBINO BIANCO: SONO LO STESSO VITIGNO? Lungo La Dorsale Adriatica Si Coltivano Dei Vitigni Conosciuti Come Pagadebiti

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PAGADEBITI, PASSERINA E BOMBINO BIANCO: SONO LO STESSO VITIGNO? Lungo La Dorsale Adriatica Si Coltivano Dei Vitigni Conosciuti Come Pagadebiti L’ENOLOGO ❏ NOVEMBRE 2004 DOCUMENTO TECNICO *Giancarlo Moretti **Leonardo Seghetti ***Antonio Venturi *Mariarosa Bellino *Lorenzo Lovat ****Fabio Men *Istituto Sperimentale per la Viticoltura - Conegliano (TV) ** Istituto Tecn. Agrario Statale “C. Ulpiani” - Ascoli Piceno *** Servizio Agricoltura Provincia di Ravenna - Ravenna **** Foss Marai - Guia di Valdobbiadene (TV) L. Seghetti PAGADEBITI, PASSERINA E BOMBINO BIANCO: SONO LO STESSO VITIGNO? Lungo la dorsale adriatica si coltivano dei vitigni conosciuti come Pagadebiti. Dal confronto ampelografico e dalle analisi del DNA di più accessioni individuate nell’areale della Doc Pagadebit di Romagna è stata confermata la corrispondenza tra Pagadebiti, Passerina e Bombino bianco. Le prove di vinificazione e di spumantizzazione confermano la validità dei prodotti ottenibili. Premessa all’ossidato. Il proporre que- Detto questo nulla di nuo- sto tipo di vino al di fuori vo è dato a sapere, ma quan- La piattaforma ampelogra- della zona di produzione e il do si parla di Pagadebit o Pa- fica italiana annovera tra le precisare in etichetta che trat- gadebiti, a quale vitigno si fa varietà iscritte nel Catalogo tasi di Pagadebiti non suscita riferimento? nazionale dei vitigni che sono di certo l’interesse del consu- È noto che in ogni zona vi- noti con il sinonimo di Paga- matore, anzi rappresenta un tivinicola si coltiva un viti- debit e/o Pagadebiti. Con tale fattore dequalificante. Per la gno Pagadebiti - la documen- identificazione si riconosce verità sul mercato, specie tazione riportata nei vari un gruppo di vitigni, in pre- nell’areale del forlivese e del Bollettini ampelografici è ab- valenza a frutto bianco, il cui ravennate, non è infrequente bondante e riguarda in preva- unico pregio è la capacità trovare un vino piacevole, lenza vitigni coltivati lungo produttiva, che garantisce un fruttato, fresco, beverino, ta- il versante del mare Adriati- vino di colore giallo con de- lora frizzante tanto da essere co -, ma quando i documenti boli riflessi verdognoli, dal inserito in guide enoturistiche ufficiali comprovano che in gusto inizialmente fruttato proprio con l’indicazione di una Doc o Igt è possibile col- poi anonimo e tendente Pagadebit. tivare un vitigno localmente L’ENOLOGO ❏ NOVEMBRE 2004 Tab. 1 - Profili molecolari con lunghezze alleliche espresse in bp e tra parentesi in formato Genres081 Loci Gruppi Passerina e Gruppo Malvasia Empibotte Mostosa microsatellite Bombino bianco di Candia VVS2 145 (SU1) 151 (SU1) 133 (BA1) 143 (CH2) 133 (BA1) 143 (CH2) 133 (BA1) 145 (SU1) VVMD5 228 (MU1) 232 (GE1) 226 (CF1) 238 (CH2) 226 (CF1) 232 (GE1) 226 (CF1) 232 (GE1) VVMD7 249 (MU2) 263 (CF2) 249 (MU2) 263 (CF2) 249 (MU2) 253 (SU2) 249 (MU2) 253 (SU2) VVMD27 181 (CF1) 194 (MU2) 185 (PI2) 194 (MU2) 183 (FE1) 194 (MU2) 183 (FE1) 194 (MU2) VRZAG62 189 (33C2) 199 (5C1) 199 (5C1) 201 (SCH2) 199 (5C1) 203 (CF2) 199 (5C1) 203 (CF2) VRZAG79 250 (GE2) 258 (CF2) 238 (PI1) 250 (GE2) 246 (CF1) 250 (GE2) 246 (CF1) 250 (GE2) ISV3 139 145 133 139 133 139 133 139 ISV4 187 191 177 187 177 187 169 187 Tab. 2 - Media delle date corrispondenti alle fasi fenologiche e durata del ciclo vegetativo (gg) Fase fenologica/vitigni Germogliamento Fioritura- Invaiatura Maturazione Lunghezza allegagione ciclo gg Gruppo Passerina 23/4 9/6 – 24/6 23/8 28/9 158 Gruppo Bombino 24/4 9/6 – 24/6 23/8 28/9 157 Gruppo Malvasia b. di Candia 24/4 9/6 – 24/6 14/8 20/9 149 Empibotte 27/4 9/6 – 24/6 14/8 22/9 148 Mostosa 23/4 9/6 – 24/6 10/8 4/10 164 noto come Pagadebiti, sapere diversa qualità dei vini in OIV e sulla base delle osser- di quale trattasi diventa ar- quanto ottenuti in uvaggio. vazioni condotte al momento duo. A fronte della possibile dell’identificazione erano Già questo problema era confusione esistente all’in- stati previsti tre gruppi: Pas- stato parzialmente affrontato terno del “Bombino bianco”, serina (con tre accessioni: Ps quando era stata confermata coltivato nella zona dei Colli 1, 2, 10), Bombino bianco la corrispondenza tra il Paga- Bolognesi e del Riminese, in (con tre accessioni: B 3, 5, debiti di Romagna e la Pas- prevalenza, sono stati identi- 6), Malvasia b. di Candia serina delle Marche (Carte- ficati i vari biotipi che i viti- (con tre accessioni: Ma 4, 9, chini et alii, 1992), i quali a coltori riconoscono come Pa- 11). Le uve prodotte nelle loro volta erano sinonimi del gadebiti e poi messi a con- tradizionali aree di coltiva- Trebbiano camplese coltiva- fronto. Inizialmente i rilievi zione (Pagadebiti in zona to nell’aquilano (Moretti et sono stati condotti in quel di Doc Pagadebit di Romagna, alii, 1989). Sino a qua sem- Tebano (RA) presso il Cen- RA; Passerina nella Doc Fa- brava tutto chiaro, ma quan- tro Ricerche Produzioni Ve- lerio dei Colli ascolani, AP; do nel disciplinare della Doc getali e successivamente a Bombino bianco nella Doc Pagadebit di Romagna Spresiano (TV), nell’azienda Casteldelmeonte, BA) sono s’identifica il Pagadebiti con agraria dell’Istituto speri- state microvinificate e suc- il Bombino bianco perché mentale per la Viticoltura. cessivamente 20 l di ognuno quell’indicazione è annove- dei vini base sono stati fatti rata tra i sinonimi ricono- rifermentare in autoclavi sciuti, la questione assume Materiali usando dei lieviti selezionati dei contorni meno chiari. Ad e metodi reperibili sul mercato. Si è accrescere i dubbi c’è stato il voluto valutare le rispettive contributo del settore vivai- Alle 9 accessioni identifi- potenzialità come vino friz- stico che diffondendo, a se- cate come Pagadebiti sono zante e spumante dato che conda della zona di coltiva- state aggiunte le due varietà nella Doc Pagadebit si pro- zione, un vitigno diverso di riferimento Passerina (Ps ducono dei frizzanti e in dall’altro ma con analoghe 8) e Bombino bianco (B 7) quella del Falerio degli spu- capacità produttive aiutava oltre alla Mostosa (M 13) e manti tipo Charmat. I vini ot- ad alimentare questa confu- all’Empibotte (E 12), in tenuti sono stati sottoposti ad sione. Sono realtà che, come quanto anch’esse riconosciu- analisi chimica e sensoriale. anticipavamo, assumono te come Pagadebiti. Sulla scorta delle informa- un’importanza limitata ma Per tre annate (2000-2003) zioni raccolte nelle relative che si sono mantenute nel sono stati rilevati i caratteri zone di coltivazione e causa tempo grazie alla distanza tra ampelografici secondo i co- il verificarsi in quel di Spre- le zone di produzione ed alla dici previsti dalla scheda siano di andamenti termici e L’ENOLOGO ❏ NOVEMBRE 2004 Tab. 3 - Media dei parametri vegeto-produttivi Vitigni Fertilità Fertilità reale Peso medio Legno reale 1-4a gemma grappolo (g) potatura (g) Gruppo Passerina 1.28 0.76 305.0 530 Gruppo Bombino 1.24 0.65 323.0 520 Gruppo Malvasia b. di Candia 1.06 0.59 404.0 900 Empibotte 0.90 0.93 346.0 675 Mostosa 1.16 0.97 491.0 700 Fig. 1 - Relazione tra le accessioni all’interno tenuto associato alle scanala- o minore acinellatura. Da dell’insieme della Malvasia bianca di Candia, dei ture su Kober 5BB (Kober questo insieme si discosta Bombino bianco-Passerina, Empibotte e Mostosa stem grooving). l’accessione B 3, che fa rife- Nel 2003 sono state com- rimento al gruppo Bombino, pletate le analisi del DNA dato che si distingueva per la estendendole anche a barba- maggiore taglia del grappolo telle innestate certificate (Fig. 1). (DPR 1164/69) come Bom- L’analisi con microsatelliti bino bianco e Passerina. Il si conferma invece discrimi- DNA sono stati estratti da nate nei confronti dei vitigni giovani foglioline e per la ca- diversi dall’insieme Bombi- ratterizzazione molecolare no bianco e Passerina (Tab. sono stati utilizzati 6 micro- 1). satellite nucleari marcatori Trattasi di vitigni medio- VVS2 (Thomas e Scott, tardivi dato che per comple- 1993), VVMD5 e VVMD7 tare il ciclo vegetativo impie- (Bowers et alii, 1996) , gano mediamente da 148 a VVMD27 (Bowers et alii, 164 gg, dove il gruppo Bom- 1999), VRZAG62 e VR- bino-Passerina posticipa l’in- ZAG79 (Sefc et alii, 1999) , vaiatura e la maturazione di oltre agli ISV3 (VMC 6f1) e circa 8 gg nei confronti della ISV4 (VMC 6g1), concordati Malvasia b. di Candia, men- nell’ambito del progetto eu- tre l’Empibotte ritarda ulte- ropeo Genres 081 (This et riormente la maturazione di alii, in press). circa 15 gg (Tab. 2). Possiedono buona vigoria pluviometrici sfavorevoli, in tanto da sviluppare tralci particolare primaverili, alcu- Risultati e molto vigorosi, ma causa la ne accessioni accentuavano i discussione cattiva lignificazione dovuta fenomeni di acinellatura. al sistema di allevamento (a Questo particolare ci aiutava L’analisi statistica di tutti i cortina semplice) e per i li- nel distinguere il gruppo del- caratteri ampelografici giu- miti termici della zona i pesi la Passerina da quello del stifica la netta distinzione tra del legno di potatura riman- Bombino anche se, con il ri- l’insieme Bombino bianco- gono molto al di sotto delle petersi delle osservazioni, Passerina, con il gruppo della medie (1.0-1.4 kg/ceppo) os- persistevano delle perplessità Malvasia bianca di Candia e servate nelle tradizionali aree circa la netta separazione. con i singoli vitigni Empi- di coltivazione (Moretti, Nel dubbio che l’acinellatura botte, Mostosa (Fig. 1), alli- 1997). Anche i pesi medi del non dipendesse dal solo an- neandosi alle analisi del grappolo raggiungono livelli damento stagionale sono stati DNA (Tab. 5). Il dendro- inferiori allo standard varie- effettuati dei test sanitari gramma mette in risalto an- tale riscontrato nelle tipiche (ELISA). Si è proceduto che i dubbi emersi nel corso zone di produzione (Moretti, all’accertamento dei Nepovi- degli anni circa la netta sepa- l.c.), comunque i dati produt- rus: Grapevine fanleaf virus razione tra Bombino e Passe- tivi rispecchiano le rispetti- (GFLV) e Arabis mosaic vi- rina in quanto si notano dei ve potenzialità (Tab.
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