TRIBUS Y TRIBALES DE LA INDIA Redacción 25

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TRIBUS Y TRIBALES DE LA INDIA Redacción 25 TRIBUS Y TRIBALES DE LA INDIA Redacción 25. Porja, Parangiperja 26. Reddi Dhoras 27. Rona, Rena va, Vasave 5. Charan 6. Chaudri 7. Chodhara 8. Dhanka, 28. Savaras, Kapu Savaras, Maliya Savaras, Khutto Sava- Tadvi, Tetaria, Valvi 9. Dhodia 10. Dubla, Talavia, Halpati 11. ras 29. Sugalis, Lambadis 30. Thoti, 31. Valmiki 32. Yena- Gamit, Gamta, Gavit, Mavchi, Padvi 12. Gond, Rajgond 13. dis 33. Yerukulas. Kathodi, Katkari, Dhor Kathodi, Dhor Katkari, Son Kathodi, Assam Son Katkari 14. Kokna, Kokni, Kukna 15. Koli 16. Koli Dhor, Tokre Koli, Kolcha, Kolgha 17. Kunbi 18. Naikda, Nayak, : Dimasa En los distritos autónomos 1. Chakma 2. , Kacha- Cholivala Nayak, Kapadra Nayak, Mota Nayak, Nana Hmar ri 3. Garolo 4. Hajong 5. , 6. Khasi, Jaintia, Synteng, Nayak 19. Padhar 20. Paradhi 21. Pardhi, Advichincher, Pnar, War, Bhoi, Lyngngam 7. Kukis que incluyen: (i) Biate, Phanse Pardhi 22. Patel 23. Pomla 24. Rabari 25. Ratha- Biete (ii) Changsan (iii) Chongloi (iv) Doungel (v) Gamal- wa 26. Siddi 27. Vaghri 28. Varli 29. Vitolia, Kotwalia, Baro- hou (vi) Gangte (vii) Guite (viii) Hanneng (ix) Haokip, Hau- dia. pit (x) Haolai (xi) Hengna (xii) Hongsung (xiii) Harangkh- wal, Rangkhol (xiv) Jongbe (xv) Khawchung (xvi) Kha- Himachal Pradesh wathlang, Khothalong (xvii) Khelma (xviii) Kholhou (xix) 1. Bhot, Bodh 2. Gaddi 3. Gujjar 4. Jad, Lamba, Khampa Kipgen (xx) Kuki (xxi) Lengthang (xxii) Lhangum (xxiii) 5. Kanaura, Kinnara 6. Lahaula 7. Pangwala 8. Swangla. Lhoujem (xxiv) Lhouvun (xxv) Lupheng (xxvi) Mangjel Karnataka (xxvii) Misao (xxviii) Riang (xxix) Sairhem (xxx) Selnam (xxxi) Singson (xxxii) Sithou (xxxiii) Sukte (xxxiv) Thado 1. Adiyan 2. Barda 3. Bavacha, Bamcha 4. Bhil, Bhil Gara- (xxxv) Thangngeu (xxxvi) Uibuh (xxxvii) Vaiphei 8. Koch 9. sia, Dholi Bhil, Dungri Bhil, Dungri Garasia, Mewasi Bhil, Lakher 10. Man (Tai speaking) 11. Lushai 12. Mikir 13. Rawal Bhil, Tadvi Bhil, Bhagalia, Bhilala, Pawra, Vasava, Naga 14. Pawi 15. Syntheng. Vasave 5. Chenchu, Chenchwar 6. Chodhara 7. Dubla, Talavia, Halpati 8. Gamit, Gamta, Gavit, Mavchi, Padvi, En el resto de Assam, fuera de distritos autónomos: 1. Valvi 9. Gond, Naikpod, Rajgond 10. Gowdalu 11. Hakki- divasis (o los tribales aborígenes) constituyen una Barmans in Cachar 2. Bodo 3. Deori 4. Hojai 5. Sonowal pikki 12. Hasalaru 13. Irular 14. Iruliga 15. Jenu Kuruba 16. minoría significante de la población de la India. 6. Lalung 7. Mech 8. Mishing 9. Rabha Bihar1. Asur 2. Kadu Kuruba 17. Kammara 18. Kanivan, Kanyan 19. ASon numerosos en los estados de Orissa, Bihar, Baiga 3. Banjara 4. Bathudi 5. Bedia 6. Binjhia 7. Birhor 8. Kathodi, Katkari, Dhor Kathodi, Dhor Katkari, Son Kathodi, Jharkhand, Assam, Mizoram, Arunachal Pradesh, Manipur Birjia 9. Chero 10. Chik Baraik 11. Gond 12. Gorait 13. Ho Son Katkari 20. Kattunayakan 21. Kokna, Kokni, Kukna y Nagaland. Con 84 millones de habitantes, los tribales 14. Karmali 15. Kharia 16. Kharwar 17. Khond 18. Kisan 22. Koli Dhor, Tokre Koli, Kolcha, Kolgha 23. Konda Kapus constituyen aproximadamente el 8 % de la población 19. Kora 20. Korwa 21. Lohara, Lohra 22. Mahli 23. Mal 24. Koraga 25. Kota 26. Koya, Bhine Koya, Rajkova 27. de la India, según el Censo de 2001. En los estados nor- Paharia 24. Munda 25. Oraon 26. Parhaiya 27. Santal Kudiya, Melakudi 28. Kuruba 29. Kurumanas 30. Maha orientales de Arunachal Pradesh, Meghalaya, Mizoram y 28. Sauria Paharia 29. Savar Malasar 31. Malaikudi 32. Malasar 33. Malayekandi 34. Nagaland, más del 90 % de la población es tribal. Por Gujarat Maleru 35. Maratha 36. Marati 37. Meda 38. Naikda, otro lado, los estados centrales de la India cuentan con Nayak, Chollivala Nayak, Kapadia Nayak, Mota Nayak, el mayor número de las tribus y casi el 75 % de la pobla- 1. Barda 2. Bavacha, Bamcha 3. Bharwad 4. Bhil: Bhil Garasia, Dholi Bhil, Dungri Bhil, Dungri Garasia, Mewasi Nana Nayak,39. Palliyan 40. Paniyan 41. Pardhi, Advichin- ción total de tribales de la India vive en ellos aunque en cher, Phanse Pardhi 42. Petelia 43. Rathawa 44. Sholaga su conjunto no superen el 10% de la población total de Bhil, Rawal Bhil, Tadvi Bhil, Bhagalia, Bhilala, Pawra, Vasa- la región. Al contrario del cultivo intensivo típico de las zonas rura- les de la India, los tribales practican el sistema Swidden o cultivo transitorio. La sociedad tribal suele ser equitati- va y su jerarquía se basa más en los lazos de parentes- co y personalidad que en la posición hereditaria. Su reli- gión no reconoce ninguna autoridad fuera de la tribu. Los tribales pertenecientes a alrededor de 596 tribus de la India están repartidos en los siguientes 20 Estados del país: Andhra Pradesh 1. Andh and Raghu 2. Bagata 3. Bhil 4. Chenchu, Chenchwar 5. Gadabas 6. Gond Naikpod, Rajgond 7. Goudu 8. Hill Reddis 9. Jatapus 10. Kammara 11. Kattu- nayakan 12. Kolam, Mannervarlu 13. Konda Dhoras 14. Konda Kapus 15. Kondareddis 16. Kondhs, Kodi, Kodhu, Desaya Kondhs, Dongria Kondhs, Kuttiya Kondhs, Tikiria Kondhs, Yenity Kondhs 17. Kotia, Bentho Oriya, Bartika, Dhulia, Dulia, Holva, Paiko, Putiya, Sanrona, Sidhopaiko 18. Koya, Rajah, Rasha Koya, Lingadhari Koya, Kottu Koya, Bhine Koya, Rajkoya 19. Kulia 20. Malis 21. Manna Dhora 22. Mukha Dhora, Nooka Dhora 23. Nayaks 24. Pardhan Continúa en página 59 ¬ ÍNDICE 4 SIGUIENDO TU PALABRA 39 EL DENTISTA INDIO Y LA JOSÉ LÓPEZ MARTÍNEZ JUDÍA ALEMANA CITA:S. RADHAKRISHNAN JUAN MARÍA CALVO MIGUEL DE CERVANTES DADI MA KI RASOI 5 LA JUSTICIA EN LA INDIA 41 REDACCIÓN DR. RAFAEL IRUZUBIETA 42 VISITANDO NUESTRO PRADESH - SECTOR AUTOMOVILÍSTICO INDIO: 18 ASSAM A TODA VELOCIDAD VIAJAR POR LA INDIA CON REDACCIÓN HOLA NAMASTE - REDACCIÓN 51 LAS ARMAS EN LA 20 VISIONES DE LA INDIA: ICONOGRAFÍA HINDÚ UN VIAJE DE PAPEL ENRIQUE GALLUD JARDIEL EVA RUMÍ KALAM, ARTE RITUAL 23 MENSAJES ECOLÓGICOS DESDE 55 DE KERALA LA ANTIGÜEDAD INDIA GUILLERMO RODRÍGUEZ LILIANA GARCÍA DARIS 56 MIS PINTURAS Y 28 MURAL DE LOS AMIGOS DE LA INDIA LA INDIA HORACIO ANÍBAL RODRÍGUEZ REDACCIÓN Redacción Directora: Suryakanthi Tripathi, Embajadora de la India Jefe de Redacción: Abdul Majid Padar, Primer Secretario Publicado por la Embajada de La India en España 30 LOS CAMINOS DEL CONOCIMIENTO Avenida Pío XII, 30-32 - 28016 Madrid - página web: http://www.embajadaindia.net EN EL PENSAMIENTO HINDÚ correo electrónico: [email protected] y [email protected] Fax: 913 451 112. FERNANDO DÍEZ D. Legal: M-7280-2006 - Imprime: Naturprint HOLA NAMASTE solicita a sus lectores contribución de notas, artículos y crónicas que se pueden dirigir al correo electrónico a [email protected] SIGUIENDO TU PALABRA José López Martínez Del jardín de tu vida y de tus versos, Rabindranath Tagore, hubiese yo querido ser un aprendiz de jardinero. Quisiera haber nacido a la poesía en tu ashram de Shantiniketan, cerca de Bolpur, para inventar metáforas a solas con tu paisaje y junto a tu sabiduría. Ser jardinero tuyo hubiese sido como un destino de los dioses del Parnaso para mis versos. A solas voy buscándote en el tiempo, siguiendo tu palabra, sabiéndote profundo manantial de lo eterno. Rabindranath Tagore, del abismal misterio de la vida y la muerte emerge tu recuerdo. Tomado del libro En el mar riguroso de la muerte (colección de poesía Rabindranath Tagore), Madrid: Andrómeda, D. L. 1985. CITA El hinduismo no distingue las ideas verdaderas de Dios de las falsas, ni adopta una idea particular como criterio para toda la raza humana. Acepta el hecho obvio de que la humanidad busca su objetivo de Dios en distintos niveles y direcciones, y siente afín en cada etapa de la búsqueda. S. Radhakrishnan, The Hindu View of Life (La Visión Hindú de la Vida) La libertad, Sancho, es uno de los más preciosos dones que a los hombres die- ron los cielos; con ella no pueden igualarse los tesoros que encierra la tierra y el mar encubre; por la libertad así como por la honra, se puede aventurar la vida y, por el con- trario, el cautiverio es el mayor mal que puede venir a los hombres. Miguel De Cervantes, Don Quijote de la Mancha Pablo Picasso 4 LA JUSTICIA EN LALA INDIA Dr. Rafael Iruzubieta a justicia es un tema que nunca La justicia en sentido material tiene mada al derecho subjetivo se expre- pierde vigencia, porque en algún diversas acepciones y significados. sa por medio de la palabra “adhika- ra”, que viene a significar “exigencia Lmomento hace acto de presen- La justicia como sentimiento de justa”. Pero esta palabra difícilmente cia en la vida de los seres humanos. las personas, que se vincula a sus se utiliza aislada, sino más bien en el La justicia está vinculada estrecha- derechos subjetivos mente a la Ley y al Derecho. No se contexto de la realización de un acto puede hablar de justicia si, a la vez, Esto nos obliga a precisar que la o de algún tipo de adquisición. La no nos referimos a estos otros dos palabra derecho tiene también dos palabra “adhikara” (que designa a conceptos. De ahí que en todo estu- acepciones: el Derecho objetivo, una persona que tiene adhikara o dio que atañe a la justicia sea indis- como conjunto de normas que rigen exigencia justa) casi siempre sugiere pensable considerar a la vez la Ley y la vida social de las personas. que la persona ha llevado a cabo un dharma (obligación) o bien que ha el Derecho. Cuando decimos, por ejemplo, “aquí llegado a poseer algo, un valor o un no hay justicia”, equivalente a “no Refiriéndonos a la justicia, es necesa- status. La misma palabra adhikara se hay derecho”, nos estamos refiriendo rio distinguir entre el concepto mate- utiliza hoy para designar lo que a nuestro sentimiento individual de rial y el formal.
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